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15/06/2010

Objectives Overview

Define system
Describe the Summarize the
software and identify
functions of an startup process on a
the two types of
operating system personal computer
system software

Summarize the Summarize the


Briefly describe
features of several features of several
various server
stand-alone operating embedded operating
operating systems
systems systems
Discovering
Computers 2010 Explain the purpose
Living in a Digital World of several utility
programs

See Page 397 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2


for Detailed Objectives Chapter 8

System Software Operating Systems

• System software consists of the programs that • An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
control or maintain the operations of the instructions that work together to coordinate all the
computer and its devices activities among computer hardware resources
Start and shut
Provide a user Manage Manage
down a
interface programs memory
computer

Operating Utility Coordinate Configure


Establish an
Internet
Monitor

systems Programs tasks devices


connection
performance

Provide Automatically Control a Administer


utilities update network security

Page 398 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 3 Pages 398 - 399 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 4
Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Operating Systems Operating System Functions

• The process of starting or restarting a computer is


called booting
Cold boot Warm boot

• Turning on • Using the


a computer operating
that has system to
been restart a
powered off computer
completely

Pages 398 – 399 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 5 Page 400 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 6
Figure 8-1 Chapter 8 Figure 8-2 Chapter 8

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15/06/2010

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

A boot drive is the drive from


which your computer starts
•You can boot from a boot disk
•A recovery disk contains a few system
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click
files that will start the computer
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Windows Registry
below Chapter 8
Page 401 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 7 Page 402 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 8
Figure 8-3 Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various shut down • A user interface


controls how you
options enter data and
instructions and
Sleep mode saves any open how information is
documents and programs to Hibernate saves any open displayed on the
RAM, turns off all unneeded documents and programs to screen
functions, and then places a hard disk before removing • With a graphical
the computer in a low- power from the computer user interface
power state (GUI), you interact
Click to view Web Link,
with menus and
click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left visual images
navigation, then click
Sleep Mode
below Chapter 8
Page 402 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 9 Pages 402 – 403 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 10
Chapter 8 Figure 8-4 Chapter 8

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• With a command-line interface, a user uses the • How an operating system handles programs
keyboard to enter data and instructions directly affects your productivity
Single tasking
Single user and Foreground and
and
multiuser background
multitasking

Preemptive
Multiprocessing
multitasking

Page 403 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 11 Pages 404 - 405 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 12
Figure 8-5 Chapter 8 Chapter 8

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Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM


• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

Page 404 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 13 Page 406 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 14
Figure 8-6 Chapter 8 Figure 8-8 Chapter 8

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in


which tasks are processed

Click to view Web Link, Click to view Web Link,


click Chapter 8, Click click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left Web Link from left navigation,
navigation, then click then click Plug and Play
Spooling below Chapter 8 below Chapter 8
Page 407 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 15 Page 408 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 16
Figure 8-9 Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to • A performance monitor is a program that


establish Internet connections assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

Page 408 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 17 Pages 408 – 409 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 18
Figure 8-10 Chapter 8 Figure 8-11 Chapter 8

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Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with the • Automatic update automatically provides updates
capability of: to the program
Searching for Viewing Securing a
Managing files
files images computer

Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing


programs disks disks problems

Backing up Setting up
files and disks screen savers

Page 409 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 19 Page 409 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 20
Chapter 8 Figure 8-12 Chapter 8

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems • A network • Each user has a user


are designed to work administrator uses the account
with a server on a server operating system – A user name, or user ID,
network to: identifies a specific user
• A server operating – Add and remove users, – A password is a private
computers, and other combination of
system organizes and
devices characters associated
coordinates how with the user name
– Install software and
multiple users access
administer network
and share resources on security
a network
Page 410 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 21 Page 410 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 22
Chapter 8 Figure 8-13 Chapter 8

Types of Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• A stand-alone operating system is a complete


operating system that works on a desktop
computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing device
Windows
Mac OS X
Vista

UNIX Linux
Pages 411 – 412 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 23 Page 412 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 24
Figure 8-14 Chapter 8 Chapter 8

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• Windows Vista is Microsoft’s fastest, most • Windows Vista provides programs such as:
efficient operating system to date and is available
in multiple editions: Windows Windows
Firewall Messenger
Windows Windows
Vista Home Vista Home
Basic Premium

Windows Windows
Windows Windows Media Player Sidebar
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click
Vista Ultimate Vista Business
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Windows Vista
below Chapter 8
Pages 413 - 414 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 25 Page 414 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 26
Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Stand-Alone Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Page 414 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 27 Page 415 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 28
Figures 8-16 – 8-17 Chapter 8 Figure 8-18 Chapter 8

Stand-Alone Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has set the UNIX is a multitasking


standard for operating system ease of use operating system developed
• Latest version is Mac OS X in the early 1970s

Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIX-
type operating system
Click to view Web Link, Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left navigation, Web Link from left navigation,
then click Mac OS X then click Linux
below Chapter 8 below Chapter 8
Page 415 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 29 Pages 416 – 417 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 30
Figure 8-19 Chapter 8 Figures 8-20 – 8-21 Chapter 8

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Server Operating Systems Server Operating Systems

• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows


Windows Server 2003
UNIX – Part of the Windows Server 2008 family
Server 2008 – Multiple editions
• Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization
technology
– Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing
resources
Linux Solaris
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Virtualization
below Chapter 8
Pages 417 - 418 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 31 Pages 417 - 418 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 32
Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Embedded Operating Systems Embedded Operating Systems

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip


on a mobile device or consumer electronic device

Windows Windows
Palm OS iPhone OS
Embedded CE Mobile

Click to view Web Link,


click Chapter 8, Click
Embedded Web Link from left navigation,
Blackberry Symbian OS then click iPhone OS
Linux below Chapter 8

Click to view Web Link,


click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Blackberry
below Chapter 8
Pages 418 - 420 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 33 Pages 419 – 421 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 34
Chapter 8 Figures 8-22 – 8-26 Chapter 8

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A utility program is a type of system software that • A file manager is a


allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks utility that performs
functions related to file
management
– Displaying a list of files
– Organizing files in folders
– Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving, and
sorting files and folders
– Creating shortcuts

Page 421 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 35 Page 422 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 36
Figure 8-27 Chapter 8 Figure 8-28 Chapter 8

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Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A search utility is a program that attempts to • An image viewer allows


locate a file on your computer based on criteria users to display, copy,
you specify and print the contents
of a graphics file
• An uninstaller removes
a program, as well as
any associated entries
in the system files

Page 422 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 37 Page 423 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 38
Figure 8-29 Chapter 8 Figure 8-30 Chapter 8

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes • A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and
unnecessary files unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the
operating system accesses data more quickly and
– Downloaded program
programs run faster
files
– Defragmenting
– Temporary Internet
files
– Deleted files
– Unused program
files

Page 423 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 39 Pages 423 – 424 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 40
Figure 8-31 Chapter 8 Figure 8-32 Chapter 8

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A backup utility allows • A screen saver causes a • A personal firewall


users to copy files to display device’s screen detects and protects a
another storage to show a moving image personal computer
medium or blank screen if no from unauthorized
• A restore utility activity occurs for a intrusions
reverses the process specified time
and returns backed up
files to their original
form

Page 424 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 41 Page 425 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 42
Figure 8-33 Chapter 8 Figures 8-34 – 8-35 Chapter 8

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Utility Programs Video: Free Online Antivirus

A virus describes a potentially damaging computer


program that affects a computer negatively

A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus


itself hides within or program
repeatedly in looks like a protects a
memory or legitimate computer
over a network program against viruses
CLICK TO START

Pages 425 - 426 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 43 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 44
Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Utility Programs Utility Programs

Spyware is a program placed on


Adware displays an online
a computer without the user’s
advertisement in a banner or
knowledge that secretly collects
pop-up window
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects • An adware remover is a
and deletes spyware and program that detects and
other similar programs deletes adware

Pages 425 – 426 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 45 Page 426 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 46
Figures 8-36 – 8-37 Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• Filters are programs that remove or block certain • A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)
items from being displayed – Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
– Two types of compression
Web Anti-spam • Lossy
• Lossless
filters programs • Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
– Can be uncompressed

Phishing Pop-up
filters blockers Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click WinZip
below Chapter 8
Pages 426 - 427 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 47 Page 427 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 48
Chapter 8 Chapter 8

8
15/06/2010

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A media player allows you to view images and • Disc burning software
animation, listen to audio, and watch video files writes text, graphics,
on your computer audio, and video files
on a recordable or
rewritable optical disc

Click to view Web Link,


click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Burning Discs
below Chapter 8
Page 427 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 49 Page 428 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 50
Figure 8-38 Chapter 8 Figure 8-39 Chapter 8

Utility Programs Summary

• A personal computer
maintenance utility
Definition of an Functions common to
identifies and fixes operating system most operating systems
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems,
and includes the Variety of stand-alone
capability of improving operating systems,
a computer’s server operating Several utility programs
systems, and embedded
performance operating systems
Page 428 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 51 Page 429 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 52
Figure 8-40 Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Discovering
Computers 2010
Living in a Digital World

Chapter 8 Complete

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