SHS

English for Academic

and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Writing a critique using appropriate critical
approaches
English for Academic and Professional Purposes– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Writing a Critique using appropriate Critical Approaches
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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 11

English for Academic

and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Writing a Critique using appropriate
Critical Approaches
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Reading and Writing Skills Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Properties of a Well-Written Text !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Tagum City Division to assist you, the parents, or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the k to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Reading and Writing Skills Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Properties of a Well-Written Text !

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the properties of a well-written text. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Organization (structure)
 Lesson 2 – Coherence and Cohesion
 Lesson 3 – Language Use
 Lesson 4 – Mechanics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the properties of a well-written text;
2. identify parts of a paragraph;
3. organize ideas in a paragraph;
4. identify types of transitional device;
5. use appropriate transitional devices in connecting ideas in a paragraph;
6. differentiate between formal and informal language;
7. identify rules in capitalization;
8. use appropriate punctuation marks in a written text; and

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 What I Know

In your previous grade level, you might have already learned the properties of a
well-written text. Recall your lesson on properties of a well-written text and answer
the following questions.

A. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a structural framework for writing and a logical progression and

completeness of ideas in a text
a. Paragraph c. Formal language
b. Organization d. Cohesion
2. It is the basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related
sentences develops one main idea.
a. Transition c. Cohesion
b. Introduction d. Paragraph
3. It is the connection of ideas and connection between sentences and between
paragraphs
a. Organization c. Appropriate language
b. coherence and cohesion d. Proper mechanics

4. It is the term used to describe the technical aspects of writing, such as

spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc.
a. Organization c. Formal Language
b. coherence and cohesion d. Proper Mechanics

5. Which of the following sentences uses formal language in communication?

a. The company laid him off because he didn’t work much.
b. His insufficient production conducted to his dismissal.
c. That young lady is freaking out.
d. He had to get some money out of a hole in the wall.

6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an effective language?

a. Language should be concrete and specific.
b. Language should be appropriately format.
c. Language should be inaccurate or ambiguous.
d. Language should be familiar, not obscure.

7. Which sentence uses commas correctly?

a. The spoiled, fat cats found the garden full of cool, dark shadows.
b. Mr. Schaeffer viewed, a wild overgrown, unruly yard.
c. Kate, was a brave honest and wise, woman.
d. You guys know where the great, big barking pig, has got to?

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 8. Which of the following sentences is correct?
a. "Does the music start at 4:00 or 4:30?" inquired Ms. Clark.
b. Does the music start at 4:00 or 4:30" inquired Ms. Clark?
c. "Does the music start at 400 or 430?" inquired Ms. Clark.
d. "Does the music start at 4:00 or 4:30"? inquired Ms. Clark.

9. Which sentence observes proper and correct capitalization and punctuation?

a. When it rains, I don,t like to ride my bike to school.
b. When it rains; I don’t like to ride my bike to school.
c. When it rains, I don’t like to ride my bike to school.
d. When it rains I don’t like to ride my bike to school.

B. Read the sentence carefully & select the correct transitional device to complete
the sentence.
10.We have a mouse in the house. _________, we should get a cat.
a. Unfortunately b. Therefore c. And
11.Michel is very athletic and plays on the school basketball team. _________,
his brother just stays at home and plays video games all day.
a. However b. In addition to c. Since

12. Arrange the following sentences in logical order.

A. Speaking in English every day is also proven effective.
B. Another way is watching English movies and TV shows particularly with
English subtitles.
C. Reading articles in books, newspapers, and magazines is just among the
helpful ways.
D. There are many ways to improve and develop English proficiency.
a. D-A-C-B b. D-C-B-A c. D-A-B-C

The rehearsal dinner will be on Friday night. Afterwards, we are

hoping that many of the guests will help to clean the area for
tomorrow’s wedding.

13. How are details arranged in the above paragraph?

a. Chronological order c. Emphatic order
b. Spatial order d. Numerical order

14. The underlined word “Afterwards” is an example of ______

a. Punctuation c. Spatial
b. Transition d. Emphatic
Dexter loves to play games. His favourite game is chess because it
requires a great deal of thought. He also likes to play less demanding
board games that are based mostly on luck. He prefers Monopoly because
it requires luck and skill. If he’s alone, Dexter likes to play action video
games as long as they aren’t too violent.

15. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

a. Dexter dislikes violence. c. Dexter enjoys Monopoly.
b. Dexter likes to think. d. Dexter enjoys playing games.

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Lesson

1 Organization (Structure)

Day 1
In this lesson, we will learn that in any piece of writing, the tone should be
consistent and identifiable. Good writing includes smart and appropriate word
choices and well-crafted sentences. A well-written text makes your reader use their
critical thinking skills to understand your text, and it must be presented in a way
that is logical and aesthetically pleasing. Everything you do that involves
communication- written, verbal, and nonverbal must be well-organized and clear
piece of thought.

For a clearer understanding, let us explore different properties to make a

text well-written and logical.

What’s In

Before you begin to your learning journey, list details in the first two
columns. Fill in the last column after completing all the lessons in this module,
Properties of Well-Written Text.

Topic: _____________________________________________________

KNOW WONDER LEARNED

What I already Know What I Want to Know What I have Learned

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 What’s New

Activity 1. Arrange It!

Directions: Choose the best order & sequence of the following sentences to form a
well-organized paragraph.

A. Facebook has been the number one social network in the web and the world
for quite long now.
B. Mobile instant messaging apps are also dominating social presence in the
internet.
C. After many acquisitions, Facebook bought Instagram, one of the fastest
growing photo sharing networks.
D. Because of that, Facebook acquired WhatsApp, a leading instant chat
platform like Kakaotalk.

Which sentence should come first? Why?____________

Which sentence should be the second? Why?________

Which sentence should be the third one? Why? ______

Which sentence should be the last? Why?___________

Based on your answer, do you think you have formed a well-arranged

paragraph? Why? ___________________________________________________

You are right! A well-arranged thought in a paragraph is essential to make

the reader understand the message you want to impart to your reader.

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 What is It

Organization (Structure) Defined

Organization is the structural framework for writing. It is important to
effective writing because it provides readers with a framework to help them fulfil
their expectations for the text. A well-organized piece of writing supports readers by
making it easy for them to follow, while a poorly organize piece leads readers
through a maze of confusion and confounded or unmet expectations.
Organization is the logical progression and completeness of ideas in a text.
Instructions in organization focuses on two areas: text structures specific to the
particular genre and the cohesive elements that tie clauses, sentences, and
paragraphs together into a cohesive whole.
Before learning how to organize longer text or essay, you must study first what a
paragraph is, and its parts. It is easier to organize ideas if you know the basic
parts.

What is a Paragraph?
A paragraph is a basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related
sentences develops one main idea.
A paragraph has three parts:
1. The topic sentence – this is the main idea of the paragraph. It is usually
the first sentence, sometimes it is written in the middle, or the last
sentence, depending on the style of the writer.
2. The supporting sentences – these are the sentences that give details or
explain the topic sentence.
3. The concluding sentence – This may be found at the last sentence of
the paragraph. It can finish a paragraph by repeating the main idea or
just giving a final comment about the topic.

Study this illustration below: Study this example below:

There are several serious health hazards

directly linked to smoking. The link between
smoking and cancer is well-known. As well
smoking is linked to other lung diseases like
emphysema and bronchitis. Smokers also have
a greater risk of heart disease later in life. This
is evidenced in recent court cases in the USA
where smokers have been awarded damages
from tobacco companies. Further. There is
substantial research that even passive smoking
can have long term effects on health. Clearly
smoking is a dangerous habit and should be
avoided.

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To organize your ideas in a composition or an essay, it should follow
these three parts:
1. The Introductory Paragraph (Introduction)
It serves as a “road map” for the reader. It should offer the reader the
direction and general ideas contained in your paper, and set up the necessary
background for the paper. The introduction should lay out your central
argument in a clear thesis statement.

2. The Body Paragraph (Body)

It is usually the longest part of a composition or essay. It gives
support for your thesis statement stated in the introduction. The following
acronym will help you achieve the hourglass structure of a well-developed
body paragraph.

Topic sentence –a sentence that states the point the paragraph will make
Assertion – statements that present your ideas.
eXample(s) – specific passages, factual material, or concrete detail
Explanation – commentary that shows how examples support your assertion
Significance – commentary that shows how the paragraph supports the
thesis statement

3. The Concluding Paragraph (Conclusion)

Your conclusion should restate/recap your thesis and major points,
showing how you have proven your position. You may also want to draw the
reader’s attention to possible implications of what you have discussed and your
conclusions. It is often a good idea to end your conclusion with a call to action or a
comment regarding the future as related to your topic.

Lesson
WRITING COHERENT
2 PARAGRAPHS

Day 2
Within a paragraph, transitional words and phrases often indicate the
relationships among sentences. By establishing the time order, spatial order, and
sequential order of the ideas in a paragraph, these words and expressions enable
reader to see the connections among ideas.
Coherence means that sentences are arranged in a logical manner, making
them easily understood by the reader.

Cohesion means the connection of ideas at sentence level. The property of

unity in a written text or a segment of spoken discourse that stems from links
among its surface elements, as when words in one sentence are repeated in
another, and especially from the fact that some words or phrases depend for their
interpretation upon material in preceding or following text.

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How can we organize the details of a paragraph?
Arrangement of details according to:
1. Chronological order
2. Spatial Order
3. Emphatic Order

Chronological – the details are arranged in an order in which they happened.

Example:
This morning was crazy. My alarm clock was set for PM
instead of AM, so I woke up late. I just threw on some clothes
and ran out the door. I rode my bike as fast as I could and
thought that I was going to be late for sure, but when I got there
everyone was outside and there were fire trucks all lined up in
front of school. I guess somebody pulled the fire alarm before
class started. It worked out though, because nobody really
noticed or minded that I was tardy.

In the paragraph you read, how are the details organized?___________

You are right! Events are arranged chronologically. From what happened
first up to last event.

Spatial – the sentences of a paragraph are arranged according to geographical

location, such as phrases in front of, next to, behind, in between, on top of, inside,
and in the center of, directly help establish the order---far to near---in which
readers will view the details of the scene.
Example:
The inside of Bill’s refrigerator was horrible. On the top shelf was
a three week old carton of milk. Next to it sat a slice of melon that had
started to get moldy. To the right of the melon sat the remains of a
macaroni and cheese dinner that had been served a week earlier. On
the shelf below was a slice of cake from his sister’s birthday party.
Though there was food, none of it was edible.

What are the phrases used in the above paragraph to indicate spatial order
of ideas? _______________________________________
Right! The spatial order of ideas is presented through the use of the following
phrases: On the top of, Next to, to the right, On the shelf below.

Emphatic – is when information found in a paragraph is arranged to emphasize

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certain points depending on the writer’s purpose.
The coherence of the paragraph is established in one of two ways: 1) from least
important , or 2) from the most to the least important.
Example:
After looking all the brochures and talking to several salesmen, I decided
to purchase an SLR camera. For several years I had been dissatisfied with the
results I was getting from my point-and-shoot camera. The framing was imprecise
and the focus was not always accurate. I had planned a vacation to an area that
promised many fabulous photo opportunities, and I wanted to capture each one
with accuracy. But the most important reason I decided on the SLR camera was
the great versatility it offered.

How were the ideas presented in the paragraph?_______________________________

You’re right. In the above paragraph, the organization moves from the least
important idea (dissatisfaction with the results of the point-and-shoot camera) to
the most important idea (the versatility offered with the SLR camera).

Signal Devices – words that give readers an idea of how the points in
your paragraph are progressing
Example:
Transitions - words that connect one idea to another, in order for our
ideas to flow smoothly.

Table 1. Categories of Transition Words

Types of
Usage
Transition
Used in writing narratives,
and instructions to signal
Time order
chronological sequence
Used in descriptive writing
Spatial Order to signal spatial relationships
Used in expository writing to
Sequential order signal order of importance
Used in descriptive reports
and argument to signal more
Illustration
specific elaboration of an
idea
Used in expository writings
Comparison
to signal similarities of ideas
Used in expository writings
Contrast to signal differences of ideas
Used in expository writings
Cause and Effect to signal causal relationships
Example
Before, after, first, next, then, when,
finally, while, as, during, earlier, later,
meanwhile, at the same time, now,
eventually, etc.
Above, below, beside, nearby, beyond,
inside, outside, behind, in front,
under, etc.
First, second, also, finally, lastly, in
addition, equally important, besides,
moreover
For example, for instance, such as,
like, namely, that is, in fact, in other
words, indeed
Similarly, also, in the same way, still,
likewise, in comparison
But, despite, however, even though,
yet, on the other hand, although, on
the contrary, otherwise, instead
Because, since, for, so, as a result,
then, so, consequently, thus, hence,
therefore

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 Lesson

3 Language Use

Day 3

Language isn’t just thinking what you say, it is also important to

know how to say it. To communicate effectively, it is not enough to have
well-organized ideas expressed in complete sentences. We must also think
what is the style, tone, and clarity of his/her writing.

Characteristics of Effective Language

Table 2. There are six main characteristics of effective language.

Characteristics
1.Concrete and specific,
not vague and abstract
2.concise, not verbose
3.familiar, not obscure
4.precise and clear, not in
accurate or ambiguous
5.constructive, not
destructive
6.appropriately formal
What is it
Includes descriptions which create tangible images
with details the reader can visualize
The ability to express the desired message in as few
words as possible. Straightforward and to-the-point
Language that the reader can easily recognizes and
understands because they use it in a regular basis
The more precise and clear one’s use of language
becomes, the fewer the number of possible
interpretation for a message, because words can be
interpreted in different ways by different people in
different situation
Constructive language phrases a potentially negative
message in a positive way
The formality of the language one uses should match
the formality of the situation and the relationship
between the writer and reader

Study the following example for each characteristic.

CONCRETE AND SPECIFIC LANGUAGE

Abstract Specific
He is a bad roommate. He is lazy and discourteous.
He doesn’t clean up his own messes.
He leaves his dirty dishes in the kitchen
counter
Note: Avoid using abstract language because it is vague and obscure. It does not
bring to mind specific visual images.

CONCISE LANGUAGE

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Excessive Wordiness
Before making a decision about the
whether the person on trial is guilty or
innocent in this case, the members of
the jury should be sure to carefully
think about, ponder and reflect on all of
the important and relevant testimony in
this case.
Concise/shortened
Before determining the defendant’s guilt
or innocence, the members of the jury
should be sure to carefully reflect on all
of the important and relevant testimony
in this case.

Note: One way to reduce wordiness is to eliminate redundant word or phrases. (like
in the phrase…”should be sure to carefully think about, ponder and reflect on)
contains three ways of saying the same thing.
Second is to eliminate “filter” words which serve no purpose in the sentence. (like
in this phrase….. Before making a decision about the whether the person on trial is
guilty or innocent in this case)

FAMILIAR LANGUAGE

An assignment given to a class of A letter sent to high school student

business students by their philosophy
professor:
“The presently assigned paper
necessitates on eloquently articulated
analysis of the existentialist perspective
as it pertains to contemporary living.
You should adumbrate the points which
represents sine qua non of your
analysis.”
warning them on the risk of unhealthy
diet:
“Individual who maintains a diet of high
fat content is exposed to an increased
risk of developing atherosclerosis which
is a build-up of fat deposits on the inner
walls of the arteries. This condition can
reduce or cut of the flow of body in the
arteries serving the major organs of the
body. This can lead to poor health.”

Which letter can be easily understood by the readers?_____________________________

Note: If the language used is unfamiliar to the readers, the message loses its
impact.
PRECISE AND CLEAR
The use of appropriate language is a tricky matter because the meaning of words is
relative and situational. In other words, words can be interpreted in different ways
by different ways by different people in different situations.
Consider this example. Notice that these terms can vary widely in the meaning to
different people. The best way to use such relative terms, then, is to compare them
to something concrete and “known” to the reader.
“Is that Acura an expensive car?” is best answered with a comparison:
“Compared to that Honda, the Acura is expensive. Compared to that Lexus,
it is inexpensive.”

Consider the following examples. Note the potential confusion or ambiguity in these

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phrases:

 Include your children when baking cookies.

 Killer sentenced to die for second time in ten years.
 Safety experts say school bus passengers should be belted.

In short, it is wise to think carefully about your choice of words and their potential
interpretations.
CONSTRUCTIVE LANGUAGE
Readers are likely to become defensive when the writer’s language expresses any or
all of the following:
Superiority over the reader
1. Indifference or apathy about an issue of importance to the reader
2. Negative evaluation or judgment of the reader
3. Command or control over the reader
4. Skepticism or doubt about the reader’s credibility or the legitimacy of their
claims
Consider the following examples.
A. Boss to employee: “Your job performance recently has been unacceptable and
there are no excuses for it. You have claimed that you are having some serious
personal problems, but even if this is true, you cannot allow it to affect the quality
of your work. If your work doesn’t improve, I’ll have to replace you with someone
else.

B. Student to instructor: “You have confused me so badly with your lectures that I
don’t know what to do. I am considering dropping out and taking the class next
quarter from Dr. Johnstone who can explain the information much more clearly. I
don’t want to drop out, but I have never been so frustrated with an instructor in
my whole life.”

Why would these examples create defensiveness in the reader? How

could you change the use of language to make these examples more constructive?

FORMALITY OF LANGUAGE
The formality of the language one uses should match the formality of the
situation and the relationship between the writer and the reader.
The purpose of formal language is to achieve sophistication and clarity. It
is less personal. It is used when writing academic purposes. It does not use
colloquialisms, contractions, or first person pronouns such as “I” or “We”. Formal
language is reserved for business writing, or elevated occasions when someone is
expected to speak in a more dignified way to show respect and decorum.
Informal language is more casual and spontaneous. It is used when
communicating with friends or family either in writing or conversation. It uses
colloquial expressions and slang more often.
Consider these two examples:

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 A. We cordially invite you to the year 12.
B. Hey buddy! Wanna go the dance?

It is clear that example 1 is formal while example 2 is informal. The

vocabulary, tone, and syntax are all things that change depending on the style you
wish to adopt.

Lesson

4 Mechanics
DAY 4
Mechanics is the term we use to describe the technical aspects of writing,
such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc. Many fiction writers would say
that mechanics are not the most important part of writing. They come second to
other elements such as good storyline, well-developed characters, and so on.
However, mechanics are still very important. If your story is not mechanically well-
written, many educated readers will not even bother to read it, either because it’s
too hard for them to figure out what you’re trying to say. Despite the phrase “Don’t
judge a book by its cover,” appearance matters in frantic. If your story doesn’t look
worth reading, people may not read it. Good mechanics makes a story easy to
read, and attracts more readers.

Mechanics of Effective Writing

The Use of Punctuations
Punctuation can make an enormous difference in the meaning of whatever it
is you’re writing.
Consider the following example:
a. Woman, without her man, is nothing.
b. Woman! Without her, man is nothing.

Proper punctuation can make or break the impact of an otherwise well-constructed

sentence. These basic rules can strengthen your sentences with the punctuation
they deserve, so that the quality of your ideas is communicated with precision and
clarity.

Punctuation
Meaning Usage Example
s
1.Comma (,) It is used to separate Use a comma to separate The weak, tottery
items in series. A coordinate adjectives. fell in his hospital
series is made up of room.
nouns, verbs,

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 modifiers, or phrases.
Use a comma to separate
two complete sentences
joined by conjunction (and,
but, or, nor, for)
Set off introductory
elements with a comma
Set off interrupters with
comma. Interrupters
interrupt a sentence to
create emphasis.
Use commas to set off dates
and states/places
2.Semicolon It is used to separate Use a semicolon to separate
(;) independent clauses two sentences when there is
when there is no no coordinating conjunction
coordinating such as and, but, or, nor,
conjunction. It can for
separate items in a
list when the items
have a comma.
If the two sentences are
joined by a CONJUNCTIVE
ADVERB such as however,
consequently, therefore, or
moreover, use a semicolon
before a conjunctive adverb
and a comma after it
Use a semicolon to separate
two sentences joined with a
coordinating conjunction
when commas are
contained within either of
the sentences.
Use a semicolon to separate
items in a series if there are
commas within the items.
3.Colons (:) One of the most Use a colon for
versatile of the conventional items: giving
punctuation marks. It the time, separating
can join clauses, chapter from the verse in
introduce lists, Bible references, separating
separate minute from volume from page in
hour, and denote a bibliography references,
chapter and verse and writing a salutation in
number. a business letter
18
The CD player runs
constantly, so I’m
not surprised that
it needs cleaning.
“Yes, we have no
banana,” the song
goes.
Bald eagles, a once
endangered species,
have made a
comeback.
August 24, 2020
Tagum City, Davao
del Norte
With conjunction:
Autumn leaves
showered ftom the
trees in multiple
colors and it looked
like a rainbow.
With Semicolon:
Autumn leaves
showered ftom the
trees in multiple
colors; It looked like
a rainbow.
Autumn leaves
showered ftom the
trees in multiple
colors;
consequently, we
have a big job
ahead raking them
into compost piles.
Autumn leaves
showered from the
trees in red, gold,
yellow, and brown;
and it looked like a
snow with a
rainbow.
Mr. Santos, my
neighbour; Mrs.
Yin, my aunt; and
Ms. Ricardo, my
music teacher all
came to the open
house.
 The time is
5:30 AM
 He read Luke
4:17-28
 Dear Madame:
 He cited an
article in
National
Geographic
 196:81 (that is,
volume 196,
page 81)
Use colon to introduce The attendant made
formal list. Word such as the following
the following or as follows checks on my car:
frequently signal a formal oil level,
list. transmission fluid
level, battery, tire
pressure, and
windshield washer
fluid.

Capitalization Guidelines
Proper capitalization makes your writing easier to read. Incorrect
punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence. Knowing when to use capital
and lower-case letters can sometimes be confusing. This list gives you some general
capitalization rules to follow.

Table 4.2 Capitalization Guidelines

Rules Example
1.Capitalize proper nouns Philippines Juan Santos
Chinese art Philippine folk dance
2.Capitalize proper adjectives
Japanese restaurant Korean drama
3.Capitalize pronoun “I” and the Rejoice, O ye people, for I bring you glad
interjection “O” tidings.
4.Capitalize nicknames and other Richard the Lion-Hearted
identifying names Great Emancipator
5.Capitalize professional titles when Pope John Paul Dr. Rey Ang
they come immediately before a personal General Douglas McArthur
name
6.Capitalize academic titles and their Saturnino Y. Ebusca, PhD
abbreviations when they follow a Shamo Magbantay, R.N
personal name Kabalou Motambal, M.D.
7.Capitalize brand names Toyota (car) Ariel(detergent
8.Capitalize specific political and Asia Chicago Asian
geographical locations (and the New York New Corella
adjectives that come from them)
9. Capitalize the names of all Filipino Mansaka Mangyan
nationalities, races, and tribes American Japanese Spanish
10.Capitalize direction words used to North Pole Far East
show a specific place South Pole Midwest
11.Capitalize the names of specific Ambuklao Dam
geographic features and the common Niagara Falls
nouns that are part of the proper names Pacific Ocean
12.Capitalize the names of buildings, White House Malacanang Palace
monuments, streets, bridges, parks, and Fifth Avenue Session Road
other specific locations Rizal Park People’s Park
13.Capitalize the names of Bank of Philippine Islands
organizations, business, and institutions San Miguel Corporation

19
 University of the East
14. Capitalize the names of political Liberal Party Muslim
parties and religious denominations and Methodist Roman Catholic
their members
15.Capitalize the names of sacred Bible Talmud Koran
writings and of specific creeds, Apostle’s Creed Hail Mary
confessions of faith, and prayers Lord’s Prayer
16. Capitalize nouns and pronouns that God Allah Kabunyan
refer to a specific Supreme Being Jehovah is Lord
17.Capitalize specific cultural and Industrial Revolution EDSA I
historical events, wars, treaties, laws, World War II Solo Parent Act
and documents
18. Capitalize the names of historical Middle Ages the Victorian Period
and cultural periods But: colonial period twentieth century
19. Capitalize the names of specific Department of Education
branches, departments, and other Congress Land Transportation Office
division of government
20. Capitalize the names of specific Nobel Peace Prize With Honors
awards and prizes FAMAS Award
21. Capitalize the names of stars, North Star Earth Big Dipper
constellations, planets, and other Milky Way Mars
astronomical designations But: moon sun
22.Capitalize the days of the week, Monday June New Year
months of the year, holidays. Lower-case Labor Day
the seasons
23. Capitalize the first word of the Wow! Stop!
sentence or a word or phrase that has The children are running across the
the force of a sentence street.
24.Capitalize the first word in a letter’s Dear Sir, Yours truly,
greeting or close
25. In titles of works of art, books, Mona Lisa
magazines, newspapers, poems, songs, “Fire and Rain”
plays, articles, television shows, reports, Manila Bulletin
and other writing, capitalize the first and Game of Thrones
the last words and all other words I love You, Goodbye
except articles, coordinating
conjunctions, and prepositions. If five
letters long or more, prepositions may be
capitalized.

What’s More

20
Activity 1.2 Let’s do it
Directions: Read each paragraph carefully. Answer the questions that follow.
1.
There are many customs associated with wedding services
even during the earliest Christian times. Traditionally, the bride
wore white to show her purity and innocence. She wore her bridal
veils to ward off evil spirits who might harm her just by looking at
her. On the other hand, plain gold rings were exchanged during the
wedding ceremonies. The plain circular ring, which has no
beginning and no end, stands for eternity. Thus, traditional
wedding practices make the ceremony more meaningful.

2. There are three reasons why the Philippines is one of the best
medical tourism destinations in the world. First, the Philippines has
well-trained and competent medical professionals. Medical services
come at reasonable prices. Second, the Philippines has a world-class
hotels manned by English-speaking and hospitable personnel.
Finally, the Philippines is endowed with countless natural resources
all ready to be explored even with extreme adventures. Indeed, this
country is worth the visit to experience Philippines at its finest.
Give the supporting sentences or supporting details of the
above paragraph.
a.___________________________________________________
b.___________________________________________________
c.___________________________________________________

3.

Activity 1.2 Paragraph Organization

Directions: Choose the best order & sequence of the following sentences to form a
well-organized paragraph.
1.
A. It is very vital to have social media presence however personal blogs serve as web
domains.
B. Most people including celebrities & businessmen have blogs nowadays.
C. Therefore, building them will help anyone in promoting himself or his business.
D. Apparently blogs are like our offices only they are in the internet.
a. B-A-D-C b. B-D-A-C c. B-A-C-D

21
2.
A. Speaking in English every day is also proven effective.
B. Another way is watching English movies and TV shows particularly with English
subtitles.
C. Reading articles in books, newspapers, and magazines is just among the helpful
ways.
D. There are many ways to improve and develop English proficiency.
b. D-A-C-B b. D-C-B-A c. D-A-B-C
3.

A. Others don’t realize yet what to pursue because they have many dreams.
B. Finding the right course in college is one of the most challenging decisions
anyone can make.
C. Some people want to pursue their dreams ever since they were just little.
D. Indeed destiny is a matter of choice.

a. B-C-A-D b. B-A-D-C c. B-C-A-D

4.
A. They will help you to purchase through zero-interest installment schemes.
B. Thus, you must be wise and pay in full if you want to avoid never-ending debts.
C. Credit cards are helpful if you know how and when to use them wisely.
D. However, they will produce interests from interests if you didn’t pay the whole
amount at the due date.

a. C-D-B-A b. C-A-D-B c. C-A-B-D

5.
A. Your passport will arrive in 7 days if you choose the rush processing.
B. Getting a passport is faster nowadays.
C. Now, it only takes about 10 working days.
D. Compared before, it would take about a month for the regular processing.

a. B-C-A-D b. B-A-D-C c. B-D-C-A

What I Have Learned

22
 What I Can Do

Activity 1. Let’s write!

Let’s see how far you have learned from this lesson. This time you have to
apply what you learn. Just follow the instructions given below.
Instructions:
1. Choose a topic you want to write about in your essay. Make sure it is
related to your interest. It is easier for you to write if you love the topic
and you have ideas about it.
2. Write a 3-paragraph essay about the topic you chose.
3. Write a catchy or interesting title for your essay.
4. Your essay must have 3 paragraphs. Each is for the introduction,
body, and conclusion.
5. Each paragraph must have at least 5 sentences or more.
6. Each paragraph must have a topic sentence, supporting sentences,
and concluding sentence.
7. For the checking, please encircle your topic sentence. Underline your
supporting sentences, and box your concluding sentence.

Here’s the rubric for evaluation:

1 2 3 4 5
Criteria
Beginning Developing Approaching Proficient Advanced

Content No attention Minimal Limited

Organizatio to opening attention to attention to
n or closing; opening
no and
 Focus
organization closing;
on
of ideas some
main
details but
idea/th
no
esis
elaboration;
statem
unable to
ent
focus

23
 Answer Key

Assessment What's More What I Know

1. A 1. A 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. B
3. C 3. C 3. C
4. D 4. D 4. D
5. A 5. A 5. A

24
References

25
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph