الرسم الفني للتبريد وتكييف الهواء

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
173
 ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ?  ? ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٤-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
-١-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،E °45 °٦٠F،T ،،،EF
        ،   ، ‫א‬ ، ، ،
 K
 ‫א‬ J١{١
K‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE١F
 
 WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬
WE٢F
 
-٢-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬WE١F
(mm)‫א‬  ‫א‬
840 x 1189 A0
594 x 840 A1
420 x 594 A2
297 x 420 A3
210 x 297 A4
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ETF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (T)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ WE٣F 
 
-٣-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٣{١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ •
WE٤F
9H 8H 7H 6H 5H 4H 3H 2H H F HB B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 
   E٥ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬WE٤F
 
W‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E٦F
 
 
 
 
-٤-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ W E٦F ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٤{١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 
WE٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٥{١
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ T‫א‬ E°٩٠  °٦٠،°٣٠F ‫א‬ E°٩٠ °٤٥،°٤٥F
 E٨F‫א‬
30°
45°
60°
45°
‫ א‬W E٨F 

 
 
 
-٥-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦{١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F
 
K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   
 E١٠F
3 mm

‫א‬ WE١٠F 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٦-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬‫א‬3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5
-٧-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬6
 ‫א‬ J٧{١
 E١١FKKKK،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫ א‬W E١١F 

 
 ‫א‬ J٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        
KKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
-٨-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
XXXXX XX XXXX XXXX XXXX

XXXXX XXXXX
XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX
XXXXX XXXXX
 E٢٤F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE ١٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠ ١٠ ١٠ ١٠
١:١ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 XX٢٣٥٠١٠
A3 ١٤٢٣L٩L١٠
٤٥ ١٠٠ ٤٥
 WE ١٢F
 
‫א‬            ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 E١٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
-٩-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ٦ ٤
  ١ ٣
  ١ ٢
  ١ ١
‫א‬‫א‬WKK  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K  K
‫א‬‫א‬WKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬
١:١ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 XX٢٣٥٠١٠
A3 ١٤٢٣L٩L١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F
 ‫א‬ J٣
  A4     

    ‫א‬  
‫א‬
 W
 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 297 mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬     K 210 mm   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٤FK١W١W
  

‫א‬‫א‬
Scale 1 :1
‫א‬ WE١٤F 

 
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١W١٠٠،١W٥٠،١W٢٥،١W٢٠،١W١٠،١W٢
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠W١،٥٠W١،٢٥W١،٢٠W١،١٠W١،٢W١
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
W‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K KKKK‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 0.5 mm 

، ‫א‬‫א‬  2H  
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬ 1.2 mm
  0.1 mm 

  2 mm1
‫א‬‫א‬ 4H  
0.35 mm 4 mm2
   ‫א‬ 

  0.1 mm

4H  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 0.35 mm
‫א‬
 
0.1 mm
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  2 mm1
4H  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 0.35 mm
15 mm10


 ‫א‬   0.1 mm
‫א‬  ‫א‬ 4H  
 ‫א‬ 0.35 mm
 
- ١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Dimensioning‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٥F،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W،‫א‬
2 mm1
2 mm1
‫א‬
Extension line
٤٠ ‫א‬
Dimension value
‫א‬
Dimension line
 ‫א‬WE١٥F
 K ‫א‬   ‫א‬    W ‫א‬   •
2 mm1 ‫א‬E0.35 mm‫א‬F
 
‫א‬E0.35 mm‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EmmF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠
٢٠
٢٠
٢٠ ٢٠
٢٠
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٥
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 ‫א‬ •
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
- ١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
!!!!!! ‫א‬
‫א‬
 
- ١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٥
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٦F 
 
 W‫א‬
60o 90o
‫א‬‫א‬  WE١٧F 

 
 
 
- ١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ∅?‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 
 
∅ 30 ∅ 80
∅ 16
∅ 20
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٨F 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٤{٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
E١٩F‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬Radius ‫א‬‫א‬F?R?‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
R8 R1
R3
R1
R6
32
‫א‬WE١٩F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٦
     A4    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ J١{٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١ 
 
 
 
- ١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   A4     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J٢{٦
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٦
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٢١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E٣{٦F‫א‬‫א‬  J٤{٦

 W
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬
 
A4EK…‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥{٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠R ∅٦٠ R5
∅١٦
٣٠ ٤٠ ٤٠ ٣٠
 
 
- ٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J١
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٢
  J١{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
E١FK‫א‬BAc
A B
E١F 
K‫א‬‫א‬BAE‫א‬F‫א‬d
 E٢F
A B A B
E٢F
 
E٣FK‫א‬‫א‬e
A B
 W E٣F 
- ٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J2.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K (AB) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ B‫א‬‫א‬ c
 E٤F
B E٤F 
A
 
  ‫א‬   F ‫א‬    ‫א‬  A ‫א‬  ‫א‬  d
 E٥FKEDC‫א‬
B E٥F 
A
D
 
K M‫א‬‫א‬  D C‫א‬‫א‬ d
E٦F
B
WE٦F
A M
D
 
- ٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٧F(AM)‫א‬
A M
E٧F 
 
 E٨FK(AM)‫א‬‫א‬ A∆‫א‬c
∆
E٨F 
A
M
 
 ∆‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  A‫א‬‫א‬ d
 E٩FK١‫א‬
∆
١ E٩F 
A
M
 
‫א‬∆‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬e
 E١٠FK٢
∆
٢ E١٠F 
١
A
M
 
 
 
 
- ٢٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١١FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬f
٥
٤
٢
٣
E١١F 
١
A
M
 
 E١٢FKM‫א‬5‫א‬‫א‬g
5
4
3
2 E١٢F
1
A
M
 
 E١٣FK٤(5M)‫א‬‫א‬h
5
4
3
2
1 E١٣F
A
M
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬i
 E١٤FK(AB) ; (BC) ; (CD) ;(DE) ;(EM)W‫א‬
5
4
3
2 WE١٤F
1
A
‫א‬
M
B C D E
 
 
- ٢٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J٤{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬
E١٥‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
d c
A B A B
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F
E١٦‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬F
ET‫א‬
 T‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F
 
- ٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥{٢
E °٣٠ J°٩٠ J°٦٠F E °٤٥ J°٩٠ J°٤٥F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
°٤٥‫א‬ °٣٠‫א‬ °١٥‫א‬
°٩٠‫א‬ °٧٥‫א‬ °٦٠‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J٦{٢
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E١٨FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EMCF‫א‬Nc
B
A
M N
C E١٨F
 
 
- ٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E AMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، B N‫א‬‫א‬ d

 E١٩FKD‫א‬
B
A D E١٩F
M N
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،D B‫א‬‫א‬ e
 E٢٠FK1‫א‬
B
A
1
D
E20F
C
M N
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ١‫א‬‫א‬ f
 E٢١FKKKK٣٢‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬
B
1
4
A E٢١F
2
3
 
‫א‬B4،4 3،32،21، 1B‫א‬f
 E٢٢FK
B
A ‫א‬WE٢٢F
 
 
- ٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧{٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٣FKAB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬c
B A
E٢٣F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬    A ‫א‬   AB  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  d
E٢٤FKDC‫א‬
C
A E٢٤F
D
 
KFE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬e
E٢٥F
F C
B A E٢٥F
F D
 
E٢٦FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬f
E C
B A ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦F
F D
 
 
- ٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J٨{٢
 E٢٧FKEM‫א‬F ABCD ‫א‬c
A B
M E٢٧F
D C
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K M‫א‬  C‫א‬  c
 E٢٨FK٢١‫א‬
A C
١
M E٢٨F
D ٢ C
 
K ٤ ٣‫א‬ M‫א‬  D‫א‬  d
 E٢٩F
٤ ١
E٢٩F
٢ ٣
 
‫א‬ ٨ ٧ ٦ ٥‫א‬ B A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  e
 E٣٠FK‫א‬
7 6
4 ١
‫א‬WE٣٠F
5 8
2 3
 
- ٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٩{٢
  J١{٩{٢
L1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KO‫א‬Rc
 E٣١FKB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬
L1
A E٣١F
B L2
O
 
‫א‬‫א‬K B‫ א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬Rd
 E٣٢FKC‫א‬
A C
E٣٢F
B
O
 
KBAC‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬e
 E٣٣F
 
WE٣٣F
 
- ٣٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J١{٩{٢
 R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٤FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R
R
R
R
R
WE٣٤F
 ‫א‬ J٢{٩{٢
 
R1‫א‬‫א‬RE٣٥F‫א‬
 R2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٣٥F
 
 
- ٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٣
‫א‬٧ ‫א‬٣
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٣
 
 
 
 
 
- ٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R=20 mm‫א‬ J٣{٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬ R=50 mm‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٣
 R=30 mm
 
 
- ٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  A4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥{٣
∅34
∅15
∅18
∅28
R10
R6
∅14 R11
25
25
21
∅72
12
∅28
22
∅25
28
24
28
17
29
40
 
 
- ٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 (‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 WE١F 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
 EOblique DrawingF‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
°٦٠°٣٠W‫א‬‫א‬KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬°٤٥
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
- ٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
18 15 25 15
10
50
36
18
40
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٣F 

 
 
 KE٤F°٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬ ‫א‬
°٤٥ °٤٥
°٤٥ °٤٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬
- ٤٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F
 
 E٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4
  
‫א‬WE٦F
 
 E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5
  
‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F
 
- ٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
C N
M
2’’  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  F ‫א‬‫א‬
1’’ 1 2 O B
A
1’
   E‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
’٢
P D Q ، ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ E AO AP)
E٨F   E٨F٢'،١'٢،١‫א‬
E 1’ D F  E 1 C F  ‫א‬  2

M
C N ‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬
2’’
1’’ 1 2
A B
1’
2’
 2 CF ‫א‬‫א‬
P Q
D       E  2’   D
E٩F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١١١٠٩F‫א‬
C N
M C N
2’’ A
2 1 1’’ 2’’
A B 1’’ 1 2
2’ B
A
1’ 1’
P D Q 2’
P D Q
E11F
E10F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E١٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE12F 
 
 
- ٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EIsometric DrawingF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬
E١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 °١٢٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 E18 %F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
°١٢٠

°١٢٠ °١٢٠
°٣٠ °٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٣
 WE١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥ ٤0 ١٥
٥٠
٢٠
E١٥F
٥٠
 
 
 
- ٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬WE١٦F
 
 
KE١٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬WE١٧F
 
 KE١٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F
 
- ٤٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٣
A
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ E ABCD F ‫א‬ ‫א‬   1
E F
‫א‬      ‫א‬  K‫א‬
B M N D
W‫א‬
G H FE CE ⊥ ABFE AG ⊥ BC FE AF ⊥ DCF
E19F C   M N‫א‬ECH ⊥ AD
 E١٩F
A
E F
M ‫א‬     ‫א‬   2
B r M N D
E٢٠FMGMEW‫א‬
G H
C
E٢٠F
E
N‫א‬‫א‬3
B M N r D
E21FNHNFW‫א‬
G H
E21F C
E F
 C ‫א‬     ‫א‬   4
B R D  E22FCECFW‫א‬
G H
E22F C
 
- ٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
A
E F A ‫א‬     ‫א‬   5

R E23FAHAGW‫א‬
B D
G H
E23F C
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   6

 E24F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE24F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤٦
14
12 24 12
17
18
 
30
14
15
30
 
 
- ٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
34
 
 
10
 
 
- ٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
10 10
30
48
30
20
48
14
14
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١FK…‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 
- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
    ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
        W      K  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 
- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 
‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W E٥F 

 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
E٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E٦F 
 
 h‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬1
 h = 75 mmW = 40 mmL = 150 mmW
 E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBFEAF2
 B = 277 mmA = 400 mmA3‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ b a‫א‬‫א‬ 3
 W‫א‬
 
  b = B − (h + W)  a = A − (L + W ) 
3 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  b = 277 − (75 + 40) = 54 mm  a = 400 − (150 + 40) = 70 mm 

3 3
 
 
 
 
- ٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
F‫א‬‫א‬E٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬4
 W‫א‬E4H‫א‬
b=54 mm
B = 277 mm
‫א‬ a = 70 mm
a = 70 mm ‫א‬‫א‬ a = 70 mm
‫א‬
b=54 mm
‫א‬‫א‬
b=54 mm
A=400 mm
‫א‬ W E٧F 

 
F    E ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬F        ‫א‬ 5
 E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4H‫א‬
WE٨F

 
- ٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬E4H‫א‬F‫א‬6
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE٩F
‫א‬
 
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7
E٣{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2H‫א‬
 WE١٠FK‫א‬‫א‬
WE١٠F
‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
- ٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١{٤
- ٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٢{٤
 K
- ٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
10 16 10
30
R3
10
18
 
18
19
R7
48
13
12
13
13
 
- ٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Z
1٤ 1٠
1٠
1٠
1٨
1٠
١٢
1٢
١٨ ٨
 
- ٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

8 10
14 R3
6
∅6
22
 
 
١٤ ٤
٢٦
١٥
∅١٠
٦
٥٨
٤
١٦
٦
٢٠
 
 
- ٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٤
 
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∅١٤
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 
 
 
 
- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
٥١
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
  J١
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   K  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬          ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?‫א‬ ? 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
c ‫א‬
d e
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬WE١F
 
 
- ٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
     ‫א‬     ?? ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬ J١{٢
 K‫ א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
AA ; F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ •
KEBB ; CC
 
A
A-A
A
‫א‬WE٢F
 
 
- ٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٢{٢
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬

 KKK‫א‬ KKK‫א‬
 W W ‫א‬


 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٣
 E٢١‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢{٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣‫א‬( 1/2 A-A)
c d e
‫א‬‫א‬
f ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٣F
 
 
- ٦٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
A 1/2 A - A
A
‫א‬WE٣F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٣
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
c d e
f
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 
- ٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
A A-A
A
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٤{٣
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K
c d
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F
 
 
- ٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
A-A
  A
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٤{٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
c d
e
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
 
 
- ٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A-A
 
 ‫א‬ J٥{٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٧FK‫א‬
c d e f
B
Section BB
B
‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬
 
 
- ٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٥{٣
B
C
A
A C
B
B-B
A-A C-C
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٥{٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
A-A A A-A A
‫א‬

A A
‫א‬‫א‬
A-A A A-A A
‫א‬‫א‬
A A
 
 
- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٥
 ‫א‬
A
 
 
- ٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A-A
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٥

 A-A‫א‬
A
A
A-A
 
 
- ٧٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٥
 A-A‫א‬
A-A
A A
 
 
 
 
- ٧٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٧٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Screws and nuts‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬
E١F،‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ :E١F 
 
E٢F،KKK،،W‫א‬ •
  

‫א‬ WE٢F 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬
‫א‬ WE٣F 

 
E٤F،‫א‬‫א‬W‫• א‬
‫א‬
‫ א‬WE٤F
 
 
E٥F،KKKW‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F
 
 
 
E٦F،W‫א‬‫• א‬
 
‫א‬‫ א‬WE٦F 
 
 
 
- ٨٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Wood screws ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢

 E٧F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   

‫א‬
   
   
 ‫א‬ WE٧F 
 
 Parker Screws ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢K٢
       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٨F،
  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F 
 
 
- ٨١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Screw drawing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬    

‫א‬
‫א‬    


    


    


     

‫א‬‫א‬
     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
- ٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Nut drawing‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٢

           ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٢F،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬



  ‫א‬  

‫א‬
  ‫א‬  



 
- ٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Washers ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٣F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

?‫?א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
E F  

‫א‬
E‫א‬ F  

‫א‬
 F  

E‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ٨٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬WE٣F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ F  

E‫א‬
‫א‬
     

 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     


   

‫א‬
‫א‬   


 
 
- ٨٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Rivets ‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٤F
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  

  ‫א‬

  

 
 
‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬WE٤F
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  

  
    
‫א‬
 
_________ ________ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  
__________ ________
‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬  
__________ ________
 ‫א‬  
‫א‬
- ٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Welding joints ‫א‬ J٥

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٥F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬


V
V
Y
Y
U
J U
 
 ‫א‬


 ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬


- ٨٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 
٥ ٤٠
5
40
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٤ ٥٠
٢
٢ ٦٠
٦٠
 
 
 
 
- ٨٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Springs E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬

 

٥



- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Gears ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٧F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬




 
 
 
 
- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Polley and betlts ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F
‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 
 

 
 
 
- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٩
٤ ٥٠
٥ ٢٠
...........................................................
٨ ٦٠
...........................................................
 
 
 
- ٩٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬FA4‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٩
 
 
 
 
- ٩٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٩٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٩٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧٨
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •
 
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٩٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J١
، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ KKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
    ‫א‬         ‫א‬   
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬ J١{٢
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
Compressor, regular
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،
Compressor, rotary,
enclosed crankcase,
belted
- ٩٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬

،‫א‬
‫א‬
Motor Compressor,
rotary, enclosed crankcase
Direct connection
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
Motor
Compressor, rotary,
Direct connection
Sealed crankcase
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،

Compressor, open
crankcase reciprocating ,
belted
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،
Compressor, open
crankcase reciprocating ,
direct connection
- ٩٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،
Motor Compressor,
enclosed crankcase
reciprocating , direct
connection
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،
Motor Compressor, open
crankcase, reciprocating ,
belted
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬
Motor Compressor, sealed
crankcase, reciprocating ,
direct connection
- ١٠٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢{٢
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬

Finned air cooled
condenser, static
،‫א‬

Finned air cooled
condenser, forced air

 Evaporative Condenser


Water cooled condenser,
Shell and tube
- ١٠١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬



Water cooled condenser,
Shell and coil
 
‫א‬
Air cooled condensing
 unit

Water cooled condensing
 unit

Coil
- ١٠٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬
،،‫א‬

Finned circular
evaporator, ceiling type
،‫א‬
Natural convection,
 Finned type Evaporator
،‫א‬

Forced convection
 Evaporator
،
Plate coil Evaporator
- ١٠٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٤{٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬

Immersion cooling unit

 Cooling tower
‫א‬
Heat exchanger

Sight glass
- ١٠٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٥{٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬

Drier

Strainer

 Strainer and drier

Filter and strainer

 Line Filter
- ١٠٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬

 Scale trap

Basket trap
‫א‬
Boiler return
F ‫א‬
Float trap
‫א‬
Traps, thermostatic
- ١٠٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٦{٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
High side float valve
‫א‬‫א‬
low side float valve
‫א‬
gate valve

 Globe valve

Lock shield valve
 
- ١٠٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
Plug
 
Pressure regulating valve

Pressure- reducing valve
 ،
Motor operated valve
- ١٠٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
Relief valve

Solenoid valve
،‫א‬
،
Valve, evaporator pressure
regulating, Thermostatic
throttling type
،‫א‬
F،
CS
E‫א‬
Valve, compressor
suction pressure limiting,
Thermostatic throttling
type(compressor side)
،‫א‬
،
S Valve, evaporator pressure
regulating, Thermostatic
snap action
- ١٠٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬
F،
ES E‫א‬
Valve, evaporator
pressure regulating,
throttling type
(evaporator side)

Thermostatic expansion
valve

Hand expansion valve

Constant pressure valve
 

‫א‬ Check valve
- ١١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
2-way automatic valve

‫א‬
3-way automatic valve
‫א‬
Air line valve
‫א‬
Air eliminator
 
- ١١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J٧{٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬

Pressure switch
P 
Dual pressure switch
 
 E‫א‬F
gauges

Thermostat with remote
bulb
T ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Self contained thermostat
‫א‬
 Thermal bulb

Thermometer
- ١١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٨{٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 Unit heater (propeller)
F
E،
Unit heater (centrifugal)
EF
Unit ventillator
 
 
- ١١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 circular ceiling diffuser

 Square ceiling diffuser

 linear diffuser

Floor register
12 x 20 ‫א‬x‫א‬F‫א‬
E‫א‬
∅20
 Duct
- ١١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
VD EF
Manual volume damper
F
E
M
Automatic volume damper
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Direction of flow

Flexible connection

 Turning vanes
 
- ١١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 Supply duct section
‫א‬


Return, exhaust or out side
 ‫א‬ duct section

Fan and motor with belt
guard

Fan and motor
 
 
 
 
 
- ١١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٩{٢
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬

Horizontal receiver

Vertical receiver
‫א‬L
Accumulator

M
Pump
‫א‬
Oil seperator
- ١١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
   ‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬
 
- ١١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  F
   E،
 
  F
   E‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
- ١١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      K ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ،  ‫א‬    F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬o
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٢١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬EE١FF‫א‬‫א‬
 EF o
  o
  o
  o
 o
 
‫א‬ 
 

 
WE١F



 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ١
 ‫א‬ ٢
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٣
 ‫א‬ ٤
 ‫א‬ ٥
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬        
 WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
WE٢F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٣
‫א‬‫א‬EE ٥ ٥FE ٤ ٤FE٣ ٣F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢٣ -
 


‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 


‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

- ١٢٤ -
١٧٣

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
  ‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٣F
S
- ١٢٥ -
E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
- ١٢٦ -
١٧٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 
- ١٢٧ -
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬
- ١٢٨ -

١٧٣
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  
 WE٥F
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٥F
S
 
 
 
- ١٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ A4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٤
 
 
 
s  
 
 
- ١٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
s
s
 
 
 
 
- ١٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 A4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬WEF


‫א‬








 

 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 
- ١٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ١٣٣ -
 
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
- ١٣٤ -
 ‫א‬
١٧٣
    
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ،

‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 A4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
S
LP HP
 
 
 
- ١٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
١٣٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
WE١F
 
 ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKK
 KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 E٢FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 
E٣FK، •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 
 E٤FK‫א‬‫א‬، •
WE٤F
 
 
- ١٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٤
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥FK‫א‬‫א‬EKKK،F‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J١{٥
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
EGF‫א‬ 

°٩٠
°٤٥
‫א‬،
‫א‬،




 ‫א‬WEGF
- ١٤٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
G
 ‫א‬
E F‫א‬ 

 T
‫א‬ ، T    

 
‫א‬ ، T    

 
 ، T    

 
 ، T    

 
 
 T    


 ‫א‬WEGF
- ١٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
EGF‫א‬ 
T

 

2 2

4 4


 ‫א‬WEGF
 
 
 
 
- ١٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢{٥
 ‫א‬  
EGF‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬


 ‫א‬WEGF
- ١٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
EGF‫א‬ 
‫א‬
‫א‬
M M
‫א‬
 ‫א‬WEGF
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٥
 E٦FK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٦F
 
 
 
- ١٤٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٥
 E٧FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥{٥
     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 E٨F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F
 
 
- ١٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦{٥
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

°٩٠ T ‫א‬

 °٩٠
  ‫א‬

°٤٥
‫א‬ °٤٥
°٩٠
°٤٥  ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٩F 

 
- ١٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٦
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٦
 
 
 
- ١٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
١٣٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K‫א‬ 
 KKKKK،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢
     EKKKK  ، F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬         ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E١FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
‫א‬
 
 
- ١٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2F
 
 
- ١٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬WE٣F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢{٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F°٩٠
   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F°٩
 E
   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F°٦٠
   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 F ° ٦٠ 

   
  E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F°٤٥
   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 F ° ٤٥ 

   
 E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T    

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬F
E‫א‬
- ١٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
T
‫א‬‫א‬F
E°٤٥‫א‬ ‫א‬
T
EF
Y

‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬
- ١٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢{٢
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
F ‫א‬ ° ٩٠

    
  E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ °٩٠ 

   F
 E   
‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬°٩٠
‫א‬°٩٠
- ١٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
°٤٥
T
 ‫א‬
E‫א‬F
F ‫א‬ ° ٩٠

    
  E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E     ٤F ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
D1
R2
R1
3 3
D2
R1 = × D2 R 2 = D1 + × D 2
4 4
‫א‬WE٤F
 
‫א‬WE٤F
 
‫א‬WE٤F
 
- ١٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢{٢
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

°٩٠
 ‫א‬  


‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
- ١٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
T    

EF
T    

 EF
Y    

 EF
F
 E
 
 
- ١٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬WE٥F
 

‫א‬WE٥F

WE٥F
- ١٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢
‫א‬      F ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 E٦FKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
٧FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 ،‫א‬W‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
 KKK‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 
- ١٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٧F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F
‫א‬WE٧F
 
- ١٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٨FKE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE٨F
 
‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩F‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
٢ ١
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬




‫א‬
‫א‬WE٩F
 
- ١٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬      ‫א‬    K 
‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 E١٠FK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٠F
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١١FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE١١F
‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٦٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٥
 
 
 
- ١٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A4‫א‬ J٢{٥
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A4‫א‬ J٣{٥
 W‫א‬
 
- ١٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١١
١٧١
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ W 
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬ J١{٢
‫א‬    E F     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 

- ١٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣
F
،‫א‬
EF




١ ٢ ٣ ٤
‫א‬
 
- ١٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٢{٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W E١F 

 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
1
1
 
2
2 
‫א‬
1
1 1 1
 
2
2 2 2 
   
1 1 1 1 1
ϑ P  
2 2 2 2 2 
‫א‬‫א‬   
1 1 1 1
 
2
2 2 2

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
- ١٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 1 1 1 1
 
2 2 2 2 2 
    
1 1 1 1 1
ϑ P  
2 2 2 2 2 
‫א‬‫א‬   
1 1 1
 
2 2 2  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 ‫א‬
       
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 ٣ ٥
A1
A1 1 ٣ ٥
KM1
A2
KT1 ٩٥
A2
٢ ٤ ٦
٩٦ ٢ ٤ ٦

 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
- ١٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W E٢F 

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 ٣ ٥ 1
‫א‬‫א‬
٢ ٤ ٦ 2
 
٣ 1
1 ٣ ٥
‫א‬
٢ ٤ ٦
2
‫א‬‫א‬
1 1
 I<  I>
2 2 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ١٧٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٢
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
2 1 ٢ 1

2 1
R 
2 1 
2 1

2 1

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥{٢
‫א‬‫א‬ W E٣F 

 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
2 1 ‫א‬
2 1
+ 
2 1


 
- ١٧٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦{٢
‫א‬  W  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 WE٣F
EF
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
٣ ٤
3 4
‫א‬
1 2
1 2
3 4
‫א‬
1 2

4 5 6
3
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3
1 2 3
 
 
 
- ١٧٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧{٢
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KKKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
2 1
M M M  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
١ ٢ ١ ٢
M M
∼١ ∼١
 ‫א‬
 
١ ٢ 3 ١ ٢ 3 ١ ٢ 3
M M M
3∼ 3 ∼Y 3∼
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 
- ١٧٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٨{٢
 
 ‫א‬ 

‫א‬WE٥F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
1
‫א‬F
 E
2
1
٢  
1
٢  ‫א‬
1
٢  
 
٢
Ω W V A
     

   ‫א‬   
- ١٨٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٩{٢
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 NPN PNP
N P
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠{٢
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
   

 
 
 
 
U

 
 
 
- ١٨١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١{٢
    K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 yes??‫א‬
& &
And??‫א‬
‫א‬And ‫א‬ And ‫א‬
≥1 ≥1
Or??‫א‬
‫א‬Or ‫א‬ Or ‫א‬
1 Not??‫א‬
≥1 ≥1 ≥1
Nor??‫א‬
 Nor ‫א‬  Nor ‫א‬  Nor ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
& & &

Nand??‫א‬
 Nand ‫א‬ Nand ‫א‬  Nand ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
R
 
S
Multivibrator
RS  
 
- ١٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٣
 
L1 …………………..
N …………………..
PE …………………..
1 1
F1 F2 ………………….
2 2
1 2
…………………. T1 ………………….
3 4
1 2 1
………………….
2
 
L1
S1 S2 S3
………………….
…………………. D2
D1
………………….
KM1 KM2 KM3

N
 
 
- ١٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
………………….
L1
L2
L3
N
………………….
F1
…………………. F2 ………………….
I> I> I>
S1 ………………….
KM1
………………….
M
3 ∼
 
 
………………….
………………….
………………….
………………….
 
- ١٨٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
N …………………. L1
F2 F1
M
1∼
…………………. KM2 ………………….
KM1 ………………….
8 7
9 ≥1 6 ………………….
10 ≥1 5
11 4
S2
12 ≥1 3
13 ≥1 2 +
5V-
14 1
- 220V ∼
8
7 ……………
≥1 6
……………
9
≥1
………… 10 5
S1
………… 11 4
………… ≥1
12 3 +
5V-
13 ≥1 2
- 220V ∼
14 1
+
5V-
S0
220V ∼ + - 220V ∼
-
5V-
 
 
- ١٨٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬A4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٣
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 ٤ ١

 
 ٥ ٢

    ٣
L1 ٣
L2 ٣
L3 ٣
N
PE ٣
Q ١
٣
٣
٣
KM1 ٤ KM2 ٤
F1 F2
٢ ٢
٥ ٥
M
٥ ٥
3∼
٥ ٥
 
 
- ١٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ A4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٣

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
     F  
‫א‬  ٥       ، ‫א‬ ١
 EF
     F  
‫א‬‫א‬  ٦ ٢
 EF‫א‬
 ٧   ‫א‬F
 ٣
 EF
‫א‬‫א‬  ٨     ٤
‫א‬  ٩    
 
١
٣ ٣
٢
F3 ٤ F5 ٤
٧
F2
KM3 KM4
٥ F4٥ F6 ٥
I٦>
KM2
M M M M
٨
3∼
٩
1∼ 1٩∼ 1٩∼
 
 
- ١٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
١٢
١٧١
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 100 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١٨٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 ،   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 E١FK‫א‬K،KKK
 
L1
L2
L3
F1
KM1
F2 ‫א‬WE١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
M
3∼
 
 
- ١٨٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢FKKKK‫א‬
L1
L2
L3
F3
F1
S1 KM1
S0 F2
M
3∼
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 
 
- ١٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬EF
 E٣F‫א‬
 
٣
L1 L1,2,3
L2 ٣
L3
F1
F1
KM1
KM1
F2
F2
٣
M M
3∼ 3∼
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 
 
- ١٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  J٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A3‫א‬ J١{٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KM2
KM2
KM3
KM1
KM1
KM1
KM3
٨٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
S1
KM2
S0
F8
+ 24 V
- 24 V
F7
F5
T1
F4
F6
KM
 
‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
KM
F1,2,
F8
KM
UVW
XYZ
M
3
 
PE
L1
L2
L3
 
- ١٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٥
L1
L2
L3
1
1 1 1
F2
F1 2
1
2 2 2 S0
2
98 95
KM2 F3
96
F3 3
5
HP >
3 5
LP <
4
3 13 13
S1 KM1 KM1
4 14 14
A1 A1
1 1 1
KM1 KM2 H1 H2
M H3
A2 A2 2 2
3~  Wϑ
2
 WKM1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WH1  ‫א‬WS1
 ‫א‬‫א‬WH2  ‫א‬WS0
 ‫א‬‫א‬WH3  ‫א‬‫א‬WF1
 ‫א‬WM  ‫א‬‫א‬WF2
 ‫א‬‫א‬WHP  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WF3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ W LP  WKM2
- ١٩٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   A3      ‫א‬ J٣{٥
 E٣{٤‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬F
1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4
5 6 5 6
L 1, 2 ,3 3
7 8 7 8
N
PE
Q KM1 3 3
F3 F5 F5
F2
KM3 KM4 KM5

I>
‫א‬
KM2
 ‫א‬ F4 F6
M M M M
3∼ 1∼ 1∼ 1∼  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٩٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
1 2
3 4 H1
Q2
1 2
230 V
‫א‬
P1
1 2

S1 S2 S3 230 V
KM1
1 2 1 2 3 4 A1 A2
230 V

B1 KM1
13 14 KM2
B2 KA1
HP > 13 14 A1 A2
‫א‬
LP < LP > 230 V
KM3
KM2
13 14 A1 A2
‫א‬
230 V
13
B1
14 1
H2
2

F2 H3 HP/LP‫א‬
97 98 1 2
‫א‬
S4 B3
ϑ> KA1
3 4 11
KA2 12 A1 A2
230 V
SV1
A1 A2
KA1
43 44 230 V 
F6 KM4
KA3
55 56 95 96 A1 A2
230 V
‫א‬
97
F4 98 H4
1 2
‫א‬
H5
97
F6 98 1 2 ‫א‬F‫א‬
KA2 KM5 KA2 E‫א‬
23 24 67 68 A1 A2
230 V
13
P1 14 H6
1 2 ‫א‬‫א‬
KA2
33 34
B4 ϑ>
KA2 KM5
43 44 A1 A2
230 V ‫א‬‫א‬
KM2 KA3 KA3
31 32 11 12 A1 A2
230 V
F8 F8
230 V
T1
  ‫ א‬‫א‬ 
F9 24 V F9
‫א‬ R11 1

‫א‬ R21 H7
H8‫א‬
24 V
‫א‬ R31 S51 2

‫א‬
- ١٩٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٣
١٩٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 80 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١٩٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKK‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 
Microsoft® Office Word ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WVisual basic
 
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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Microsoft® Office Visio ‫א‬ J٤

‫א‬‫א‬،@A‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Shapes‫א‬‫א‬
Stencils‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Solidworks ‫א‬ J5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
AutoCAD ‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K١٩٨٢‫א‬،١{٠‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ١{٢‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ 
(Dimension)‫א‬
١٤ ١٣ ١٢ ١١‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫ א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬1997‫א‬،‫א‬''١٤''‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ . ‫ א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٨ ‫א‬‫א‬
K
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
١٤
٢٠٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 
% 90 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAutoCADF
‫א‬‫א‬١٩٨٢‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KStart‫א‬
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 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Pull down menu

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Toolbars ‫א‬Cross hair
‫א‬Drawing area
‫א‬Palette Tool
‫א‬Status bar
‫א‬‫א‬Command line
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
- ٢٠٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Menu‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢
EE٢F‫א‬‫א‬FFile, Edit, View, ….W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 
E٣F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 
‫א‬Esc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٢٠٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Tool bars‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢

      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫ )א‬Icons ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(MouseF‫א‬
WE٤F‫א‬‫א‬Standard Tool Bar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ، 
   ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،  ‫א‬
 3DDWF  

 Standard Tool Bar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 
WE٥F‫א‬‫ א‬Draw ‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
  
   ‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬ 
 
  Draw‫א‬WE٥F
 
 
 
- ٢٠٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
WEE٦F‫א‬‫א‬FObject Snap‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Object Snap‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F
 
 WE٧F‫א‬‫א‬ Modify‫א‬ •
 
    
   
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬   
  \ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
  Modify‫א‬E٧F
 
 
 
- ٢٠٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٨F‫א‬‫א‬Zoom‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬



 
 Zoom‫א‬WE٨F
 
 WE٩F‫א‬‫א‬Properties‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 Properties‫א‬WE٩F
 
 WE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬Layers‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Layers‫א‬WE١٠F
- ٢٠٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١١F‫א‬‫א‬Dimension‫א‬ •
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  
 
Dimension‫א‬WE١١F
Drawing area‫א‬ J٣{٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 Drawing area‫א‬WE١٢F
 
- ٢٠٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Tools > Options > Display > W‫א‬‫א‬
 
Command line‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬Rectangle ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٢٠٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Autocad 2006‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٣FK‫א‬
 
 Dynamic input‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F
Status bar‫א‬ J٥{٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
     F3,F6,F7….           
 WE١٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
X Y Z L L
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Status bar‫א‬WE١٤F
- ٢١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥
٢٠٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 
% 90 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
40 10 10 10 10 10 10
10
n
20 ∅
p
o
q
  W E١F 
- ٢١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J2
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  Save asFile J
‫א‬
CW ‫א‬‫א‬

C‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
SaveCoil ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
Degrees‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬millimeters‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 
 Units‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 
 ‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥-٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٢١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E٠F ‫א‬     
 KE٣F‫א‬Centerline ‫א‬line03‫א‬line05‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 Layers‫א‬WE٣F
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬WE٤F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
0.2 mm Center  Centerline
0.3 mm Continuous  Line03
0.5 mm Continuous  Line05
 
- ٢١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Centerline‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  OK

 KEE٥F‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬Centerline‫א‬WE٥F
، W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E٦F‫א‬KKK
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F
 
  Line‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-5
EE١FF n‫א‬ ‫א‬ Line‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
. Enter  ‫א‬E‫א‬ F 100,100W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E٠,٠F‫א‬‫א‬ ،Y X ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Enter‫א‬ 0,150W ، E١٤-٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬  . ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Enter
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬@0,150
Y    ‫א‬   X  ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Object snap‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬ 
Line‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-6
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬line05‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬line05‫א‬WE٧F
EE١FF o‫א‬ ‫א‬ Line ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Object Snap  Snap to end point?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EnterKE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F0,10W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 100,0WEE١5FF o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KLine‫א‬.Enter‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٨F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 WE٨F 

 
 
  Erase‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 
  Modify‫א‬ ? Erase?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ WE٩F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Enter‫א‬‫א‬
 
  Cut‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬WE١٠F
  offset‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬K?Modify‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Offset?
 K
٢٠W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،Enter‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    K‫א‬  Enter ‫א‬    E٦  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬60 mm
‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F
 
  Trim‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J10
? Modify?‫א‬‫א‬  Trim‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  40 mm   ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬? Modify?‫א‬‫א‬? Offset? ‫א‬
 WE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Modify?‫א‬‫א‬ Trim‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬Enter‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٣F
‫א‬E١٣F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Trim Circle ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{١١
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Center point •
 3P •
 2P •
‫א‬Ttr •
 
 
 
 
- ٢٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2P ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Enter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K2P‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Object Snap  Snap to end point?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫?א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Object Snap Snap to end point?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
 KEE١٥F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F
 
?Modify?‫א‬‫א‬ Trim‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K Enter‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F
 
- ٢٢٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEE١٧F‫א‬‫א‬F Enter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F
 
Draw‫א‬‫א‬Arc ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{١١
KE١٨F‫א‬Start, End, RadiusArcDraw‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
 E10 mmF‫א‬ •
Arc ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F
 
- ٢٢٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٩F 

 W‫א‬
 
 KEE٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٠F 

 
 
- ٢٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠W‫א‬
 
 KE٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Enter
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬
 
  Copy Object‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
  ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Modify‫א‬‫א‬Copy Object ‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٢٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   Enter  ‫א‬    EE٢٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬
Copy Object‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢٢F 

 
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ WE٢٣F 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ 
 KEE٢٤F‫א‬
- ٢٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٤F 

 
  Mirror‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
، K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ? Modify?‫א‬‫א‬   Mirror‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬Enter‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
Mirror‫א‬‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام א‬WE٢٥F 

 
- ٢٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ WE٢٦F 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KEnter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ WE٢٧F 

 
- ٢٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Move‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ? Modify?‫א‬‫א‬  Move‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 .EnterEE٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢٨F 

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KEE٢٩F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
- ٢٣٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢٩F
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 WE٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٣٠F 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE٣١F
‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣١F
 
‫א‬F ‫א‬  Properties? Modify?‫א‬‫א‬
 EE٣٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ WE٣٢F
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Properties 
‫א‬Fline03‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?Layer‫א‬?
 KEE٣٢F‫א‬
- ٢٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ X    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Esc
 E٣٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬WE٣٣F
 ‫א‬    Copy Object‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Offset
 KE٣٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٤F
 
 
 
- ٢٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Block‫א‬ J١٦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Pick point
 
 
 
- ٢٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EEnter
 
OK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Coil
 
Block‫א‬‫א‬Insert،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 OK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Dimension‫א‬ J١٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Dimension‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
0.2 mm Center  Dimension
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Dimension‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
40 ١٠ ١٠ ١٠ ١٠ ١٠ ١٠
١٠
٢٠
٢٠
20 ∅
٢٠
٢٠
٢٠
١٠
 ‫ א‬ W E٣٥F 

 
 
 
 
- ٢٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬J‫ א‬J‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬
‫א‬
١٦
٢١١
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫–א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫–א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫–א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 80 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢٤٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J١{١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
25 25
∅20
‫א‬‫א‬
40
20
‫ א‬‫א‬ 20
‫א‬‫א‬
60
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
‫א‬Drafting settings‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SnapIsometric‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬Tools‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 SnapIsometric‫א‬WE٢F
‫א‬‫א‬ Enter ‫א‬‫א‬  ISOPLANE‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F5‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ، TopW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
F5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Line‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 IEllipse‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
Modeling‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢{١

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 Modeling‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
E٣F‫א‬ModelingDraw‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
Extrude‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Revolve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Sweep‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J





‫א‬





‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
3D
Modeling W E3F  3D‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢{١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٤F
- ٢٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Enter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬35,25
 
 Enter40‫א‬‫א‬
 
SE Isometric3D Views‫א‬‫א‬View‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٥F‫א‬
E٥F
 
Enter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬25,-25
 
 Enter40‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Union Solid editing Modify‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Enter‫א‬‫א‬  K Modeling‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Enter20,0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
- ٢٤٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٦F
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٧F 
 
 
Enter١٠W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٨F‫א‬Enter
E٨F 
 
 
- ٢٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Subtract‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K Modeling ‫א‬‫א‬     Subtract  Solid editing  Modify
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ Enter‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Enter
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Modeling
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ١٠  
 E٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E٩F 
 
Extrude‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢{١
    ‫א‬       ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
25
∅20
20
20
 
 E١٠F
‫א‬Region ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EnterE١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E١١F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ Subtract‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E١٢F
ModelingDraw‫א‬‫א‬Modeling‫א‬‫א‬Extrude ‫א‬‫א‬
 Enter‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Enter٢٥
 
P1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Revolve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢{١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٢٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
15 10
30
20
20 60
E١٣F 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ Region ‫א‬
 EnterE١٤F‫א‬
١
٣
٦
٤
E١٤F 
 
‫א‬‫א‬Modeling‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬Enter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Enter
 E١٥F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٣٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
٢
E١٥F 
 
- ٢٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3D Views‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 View‫א‬‫א‬ SW Isometric View‫א‬‫א‬
 KP2‫א‬‫א‬ConceptualVisual Style
 
 
Sweep‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٢{١
‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٦F‫א‬‫א‬EKKK‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
E١٦F
 
 WE١٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٠
∅٦
٢٠ ١٠ ٢٠ ٢٠ ١٠ ٢٠
E١٧F
 
، Modeling Draw‫א‬‫א‬ Modeling‫א‬‫א‬  Sweep‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   Enter    ‫א‬‫א‬   
 KP3‫א‬‫א‬،E١٨F‫א‬
 
١
2 Enter
E١٨F
 
‫א‬ J٢
   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
Viewports‫א‬‫א‬View٢{٢{١‫א‬‫א‬P1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Four: Equal E١٩F‫א‬ New Viewports...
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٩F 
 
 
 E٢٠F‫א‬
- ٢٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-Right -Front
-2D wireframe -2D wireframe
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻷﻳﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬
-SW Isometric -Top

-Conceptual -2D wireframe
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬
E٢٠F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     K ‫א‬ ‫א‬         
Visual Styles‫א‬‫א‬View‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Dashed‫א‬‫א‬ E21F‫א‬Visual style manager ...
 
 
- ٢٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢١F 
 
  View‫א‬ ‫א‬  Hide‫א‬        ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
- ٢٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Slice‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٣
 E٢2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P0‫א‬‫א‬
25 25
∅20
A A
40
20
20
A-A
60
E2٢F
 
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
‫א‬
E2٣F 
 
 
- ٢٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Add: Pick points‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 OKEnterE٢٤F‫א‬
E٢٤F 
 
   K   ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
Slice ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
3D OperationsModify‫א‬‫א‬Slice ‫א‬P1‫א‬
 E٢٥F‫א‬Enter‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٥F 
 
 EnterZXW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٦F‫א‬
E٢٦F
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢٧F‫א‬
E٢٧F
 
- ٢٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
١٧
٢٤٠
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 80 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Library،‫א‬، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    
    ‫א‬          ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Design Center‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬       
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   E١F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Library
 KKKK،‫א‬،‫א‬
E١F 
 
- ٢٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE٢F
E٢F 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Make Block‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K Block Draw‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Make block ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Electrical-Symbols
Resistor-variable Resistor 2 Resistor 1
Diode E3F 

Capacitor
 
 
- ٢٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬File‫א‬‫א‬Open‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬    Electrical-Symbols  ‫א‬  Library
 E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤F 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Draw‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pick point 
Resistor1 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
E٥F 
 
 
- ٢٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Select objects

    OK     ‫א‬‫א‬    Enter   
 E٦F‫א‬
E٦F 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 
- ٢٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 W‫• א‬
 
 
 
- ٢٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٨
٢٥٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 80 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬E١F‫א‬  ref-circuit1‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬RHVAC-Symbols‫ א‬‫א‬
 
Ref-circuit1‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ref-circuit2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E٢F‫א‬
- ٢٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ChillerWE٢F‫א‬
 
- ٢٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
١٩
٢٦٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 80 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢٦٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K
‫א‬ CoolDUCT (Metric Units) v3.1 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Khttp://www.hvaccad.com.au‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ hvac-diagram‫א‬‫א‬KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬RHVAC-Symbols ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ WE١F 
 
 CoolDUCT ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CoolDUCT‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    CoolDUCT ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CoolDUCT‫א‬ WE٢F 

 
‫א‬hvac-plan‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ WE٣F 

 
- ٢٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٠
٢٦٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
% 80 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٢٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
L1
L2
L3
F2
F1
KM2
S0
F3
F3
M
3~
S1 KM1
KM1 KM2
 
 
- ٢٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
L3
L2
L1
T KF3 KL KR KH
OLF OLL OLR OLH
MF3 ML MR HTR
Fu1 Fu2 Fu3 Fu4
OLF OLL OLR OLH
SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4
TE TO
KF3
KF3
K1A KR
TW
KF3 O KL KR KH
 
- ٢٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
- ٢٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٧٦
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
A
Accumulator  –
Air conditioner ‫א‬
Air conditioning ‫א‬
Air cooled condenser ‫א‬
Air cooler ‫א‬
Air cooling coil ‫א‬‫א‬
Air diffuser ‫א‬
Air ducts ‫א‬‫א‬
Air ventilation 
Angle ‫א‬
Angle valve ‫א‬
Array  
Arc 
Arrowheads ‫א‬
Automatic expansion valve 
Axial flow fan 
B
Basic size ‫א‬‫א‬
Belt 
Block  
Boiler 
Bolt 
Branch duct 
Bulb 
Bypass 
- ٢٧٦ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
C
Capacitor EF
Capillary tube 
Ceiling diffuser 
Centrifugal compressor 
Centrifugal pump 
Charging line ‫א‬
Charging Valve 
Check valve 
Chilled water 
Chilling 
Circle EF‫א‬
Circuit ‫א‬
Clearance fit ‫א‬
Coil 
Compass 
Compression springs ‫א‬‫א‬
Compressor 
Conductor 
Connection diagram ‫א‬
Connection diagrams ‫א‬
Connection point 
Constant pressure valve ‫א‬
Contactor 
Converter 
Cooling tower 
- ٢٧٧ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
C
Cooling unit 
Cooling water ‫א‬
Crankcase ‫א‬‫א‬
current 
Cutting plane ‫א‬
Cylinder ‫א‬
D
Damper 
Dashed line L
Defrosting ‫א‬‫א‬
Deviation –
Diaphragm valve 
Diffuser 
Dimension line ‫א‬
Dimensioning ‫א‬
Diode ‫א‬
Direct-current motor 
Discharge line ‫א‬
Diverging vanes 
Drawing 
Drawing table ‫א‬
Drier 
Dual pressure switch 
Duct –
ductwork 
- ٢٧٨ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
Elbow 
Eliminator ‫א‬‫א‬
Ellipse ‫א‬‫א‬
Enclosed compressor 
Eraser 
Evaporative condenser 
Evaporator 
Evaporator coil ‫א‬
Exhaust fan 
Expansion 
Expansion joint 
Expansion valve 
Extension lines ‫א‬
Extension springs ‫א‬‫א‬
Extrude  
F
Fan 
Fan coil unit ‫א‬
Filter 
fin 
First angle ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fits ‫א‬‫א‬
Fittings ‫א‬
Flanged fittings ‫א‬
Flexible connection 
Float valve ‫א‬
- ٢٧٩ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F
Freezer 
Front view ‫א‬‫א‬
Fuse 
 
G
Gate valve ‫א‬
Gauge 
Gears ‫א‬L‫א‬
Globe valve 
Governor 
Grille 
Guide vanes 
H
Hand expansion valve 
Hand valve 
Hatching ‫א‬
Hatching line ‫א‬
Heat exchanger ‫א‬
Heat pump ‫א‬
Hermetic compressor ‫א‬
Hexagon ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
High pressure float valve ‫א‬‫א‬
High side float valve ‫א‬‫א‬
Hot gas ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٨٠ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I
Immersion cooling unit 
Insulant 
Interference fit ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Isometric projection ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Insert  ‫א‬
L
Latch 
Layer  
Leads ‫א‬‫א‬
line 
Liquid receiver ‫א‬
Louver damper 
Low pressure float valve ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Low side float valve ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
M
Manual drive ‫א‬‫א‬
Motor protection relay ‫א‬
Motorized valve  
Mirror  
Move  
Muffler 
Multiple compressor unit ‫א‬
Multiple condensing unit ‫א‬
Multi-stage compressor ‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٨١ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N
Natural convection air cooler  ‫א‬‫א‬
Natural convection evaporator 
Nut 
 
O
Oblique projection ‫א‬‫א‬
Octagon ‫א‬‫א‬
Ohmmeter ‫א‬
Offset  ‫א‬
Oil separator  ‫א‬
Open  
Ortho  
One-line diagrams ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Open compressor 
Open shell-and-tube condenser 
 
P
PE protective conductor PE‫א‬
pencil 
Pentagon ‫א‬‫א‬
Phase ‫א‬
Photodiode ‫א‬
Phototransistor ‫א‬
Pictorial drawing ‫א‬
Pipes ‫א‬
Polarity 
Pole 
Polley 
- ٢٨٢ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P
Polygon  
Properties  ‫א‬
Point  
Polyline  
Power contactor 
Pressure  ‫א‬
Pressure gauge ‫א‬
Pressure reducing valve ‫א‬
Pressure relief valve ‫א‬
Pressure switch 
Pump 
R
Reciprocating compressor  
Recirculated air ‫א‬
Refrigerant ‫א‬
Relay 
Relief valve 
Rectangle  
Region  
Revolve  ‫א‬
Rotate  
Remote bulb 
Remote bulb thermostat 
Resistance , resistor 
Return air ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٨٣ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R
Ribs ‫א‬
Rivets ‫א‬
Rotary compressor ‫א‬
 
S
Scale ‫א‬
Save  
Slice 
Schematic diagrams ‫א‬‫א‬
Screw L
Section ‫א‬
Sectioning ‫א‬
Sharpener ‫א‬
Side view ‫א‬‫א‬
Sight glass 
Single-phase motor ‫א‬
Solenoid valve  
split 
Spring L
Strainer 
Suction line ‫א‬
Suction line drier ‫א‬
Supply air ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Supply duct ‫א‬
Switch 
- ٢٨٤ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
T
Angle valve ‫א‬
Temperature gauge  ‫א‬
Templates  
Thermostat  
Thermostatic expansion valve  
Thick line  
Thin line  L
Threads  ‫א‬‫א‬
Three-phase motor  ‫א‬‫א‬
Three-way valve  ‫א‬
Tolerances  ‫א‬
Top view  ‫א‬‫א‬
Torsion springs  ‫א‬‫א‬
Tracing sheets  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Transformer  
Transistor  ‫א‬
Transition fit  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Trap  
Triangles  
Trip  
Tube  L
Two way valve  ‫א‬
 
U
Unit  
U-tube U
- ٢٨٥ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
V
Valve  
Vapour 
Vertical L
View 
 
W
Washers 
Water cooled condenser  
Webs ‫א‬
Welding joints ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٢٠٠١‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٢٠٠٠Nathan W‫א‬،A. ChevalierW‫א‬Guide de dessinateur •
١٩٧٩،Leipzig Edition،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
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‫א‬ •
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‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1
 ٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-1.1
 ٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2.1
 ٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-3,1
 ٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4.1
 ٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-5.1
 ٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-6.1
 ٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-7.1
 ٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2
 ١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-3
 ١١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-4
 13 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKDimensioning‫א‬-5
 ١٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1.5
 ١٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2.5
 ١٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3.5
 ١٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4.5
 ١٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-6
 ٢٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2
 ٢٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1.2
 ٢٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-2.2
 ٢٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3.2
 ٢٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4.2
 ٢٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-5.2
 ٢٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-6.2
 ٣١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-7.2
 ٣٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-8.2
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‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-9.2
 ٣٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-3
 ٣٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 39KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ( Oblique Drawing )‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٤٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.2
 ٤٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2.2
 43 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ( Isometric Drawing )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ٤٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.3
 ٤٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2.3
 ٤٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-4
 ٥٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٥٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٥٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ٥٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-4
 ٦٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٦٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٦٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-1.2
 ٦٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2.2
 ٦٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ٦٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.3
 ٦٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2.3
 ٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3.3
 ٦٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-4.3
 ٦٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1.4.3
 ٦٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1.4.3
 ٧٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-5.3
 ٧١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1.5.3
 ٧١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2.5.3
 ٧٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-4
 ٧٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-5
 
- ٢٨٨ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 78KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Screws and nuts‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2
 80 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWood screws‫א‬‫א‬-1.2
 80 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Parker Screws‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2. 2
 81KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKScrew drawing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3.2
 82 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNut drawing‫א‬‫א‬-4.2
 83 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWashers‫א‬‫א‬-3
 85 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRivets‫א‬-4
 87 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWelding joints‫א‬-5
 89 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSpringsE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬-6
 90 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKGears‫א‬‫א‬-7
 91 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPolley and betlts‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-8
 ٩٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-9
 ٩٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٩٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٩٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-1.2
 ١٠٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2.2
 ١٠٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3.2
 ١٠٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4.2
 ١٠٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-5.2
 ١٠٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-6.2
 ١١١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-7.2
 ١١٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-8.2
 ١١٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-9.2
 ١١٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-3
 ١١٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ١٢٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ١٢١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ١٢١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.3
 ١٢٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2.3
 ١٢٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-4
- ٢٨٩ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ١٣٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2
 ١٣٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-3
 ١٣٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4
 ١٣٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-5
 ١٣٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-1.5
 ١٤٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2.5
 ١٤٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3.5
 ١٤٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-4.5
 ١٤٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-5.5
 ١٤٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-6.5
 ١٤٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-6
 ١٤٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ١٤٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ١٤٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.2
 ١٥١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2.2
 ١٥١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.2.2
 ١٥٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2.2.2
 ١٥٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3.2.2
 ١٦٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3.2.2
 ١٦١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3.2
 ١٦١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ١٦٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-4
 ١٦٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.4
 ١٦٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2.4
 ١٦٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3.4
 ١٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-5
 ١٧٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ١٧١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ١٧١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-1.2
 ١٧٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2.2
- ٢٩٠ -
‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3.2
 ١٧٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-4.2
 ١٧٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-5.2
 ١٧٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-6.2
 ١٧٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-7.2
 ١٧٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-8.2
 ١٨٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-9.2
 ١٨٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-10.2
 ١٨١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-11.2
 ١٨٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-3
 ١٨٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ١٨٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ١٨٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ١٩٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4-
 ١٩١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-5
 ١٩٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ١٩٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ١٩٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬3-
 ١٩٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4
 ١٩٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-5
 ١٩٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-6
 ٢٠١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٢٠٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٢٠٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1.2
 ٢٠٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-2.2
 ٢٠٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-3.2
 ٢٠٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-4.2
 ٢٠٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-5.2
 
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‫א‬ ١٧٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢١١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٢١٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٢١٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ٢١٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4
 216 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Line‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-5
 ٢١٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Line ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-6
 218 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Erase‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-7
 219 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Cut‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-8
 220 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Offset‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-9
 221 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Trim‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-10
 ٢٢٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-11
 228 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Copy Object‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-12
 230 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Mirror‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-13
 232 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Move‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-14
 ٢٣٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-15
 236 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Block‫א‬-16
 238KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Dimension‫א‬-17
 ٢٣٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-1
 ٢٤٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1.1
 241 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Modeling‫א‬‫א‬-2.1
 ٢٤٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2
 ٢٥٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-3
 ٢٥٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٢٥٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-2
 ٢٥٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-3
 ٢٦٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-4
 ٢٦٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٦٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1
 ٢٦٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ٢٦٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK-1
 ٢٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٢٦٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬-3
 ٢٧١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٧٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-1
 ٢٧٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-2
 ٢٧٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬-3
 ٢٧٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
  ٢٨٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٨٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ETF‫א‬

‫ א‬W E٨F 

  ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ WE١٠F 

‫ א‬W E١١F 

XXXXX XX XXXX XXXX XXXX

  A4     

  

‫א‬ WE١٤F 

  0.1 mm 

   ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬  WE١٧F 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٨F 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ E٣{٦F‫א‬‫א‬  J٤{٦

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W E٣F 

   ‫א‬ 

°٤٥‫א‬ °٣٠‫א‬ °١٥‫א‬

°٩٠‫א‬ °٧٥‫א‬ °٦٠‫א‬

E AMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، B N‫א‬‫א‬ d

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R=20 mm‫א‬ J٣{٣

 WE١F 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٣F 

E 1’ D F  E 1 C F  ‫א‬  2

 EIsometric DrawingF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

E F A ‫א‬     ‫א‬   5

  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   6

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W E٥F 

  b = 277 − (75 + 40) = 54 mm  a = 400 − (150 + 40) = 70 mm 

‫א‬ W E٧F 

‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬

 W W ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٥

Screws and nuts‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬ :E١F 

  

‫א‬ WE٣F 

 Wood screws ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢

   

  ‫א‬‫א‬

 Screw drawing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢

‫א‬    

‫א‬    

    

    

     

     

 Nut drawing‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٢

  ‫א‬  

  ‫א‬  

E F  

E‫א‬ F  

 F  

‫א‬ F  

     

     

   

‫א‬   

  