Académique Documents
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Culture Documents
Ch.10
trans-Saharan caravan trade, in addition to these, spread Islam into the rest of the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, Asia, and Europe.
These activities encouraged cultural diffusion. Since tolerance was a religious requirement, the conquest and rule over non-Muslims
was less problematic.
The 'companions' and relatives of The Prophet were the first Caliphs during the Orthodox Caliphate.
Husayn was the grandson of The Prophet. He claimed the right to the title of Caliph after the assassination of Ali, the last Orthodox
Caliph. It was Husayn's assassination that resulted in the rift within Islam of Shia (supporters of Husayn's claim) and Sunni
(supporters of the right of any 'good' Muslim to lead the Islamic community). That rift still exists today.
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Ch.10
The pseudo-science focused on the conversion of base metals into gold. The value of alchemy to the development of chemistry
could be better appreciated with a quote from Thomas Edison: I didn't fail 2000 times, I learned 2000 ways how not to make a light
bulb.
4
Developed by the Hindus of the Gupta Empire (Indias Golden Age) or influenced by them.
Wrote medical books while European medical science was still dominated by Medieval superstition. His medical texts were sought
after by Europeans and used for centuries.
6
Since the Islamic religious and secular calendars are based on the phases of the moon, the science of astronomy was pivotally
important for reasons beyond practicality.
7
A device adopted from the ancient Greeks. Used to determine the latitude by observing a specific celestial body. It was most widely
used for maritime navigation. The open sea offers few, if any, terrestrial landmarks for sailors to use in determining their location.
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Map handout
Post Roman World
Slide Presentation
Ch.10