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Orem-1971 To care for and help client This is self care deficit
attain total self-care. theory. Nursing care
becomes necessary when
client is unable to fulfill
biological, psychological,
developmental, or social
needs.
Brenner & Wrubel-1989 To focus on clients need for Caring is central to the
caring as a means of coping essence of nursing. Caring
with stressors of illness crates the possibilities for
coping and enables
possibilities for connecting
with and concern for others.