Time History Analysis

Submitted by:
Sarita Acharya
2018016460
M.tech Structure
Submitted to:
Mrs. Chavvi Gupta

Abstract:
This paper reports on time history analysis of earthquake. Time history analysis
is also known as non-linear dynamic analysis. It is the advanced method of
dynamic analysis. Time-history analysis provides for linear or non
linear evaluation of dynamic structural response under loading which may vary
according to the specified time function .It is performed to obtain the response
of structures for a specified time history. The time history analysis is applicable
for both elastic and inelastic ranges of response.

Table Of Content Page Number

1.Introduction 1
2.Method 2-7
3.Problem Solved 8
4.Conclusion 9
5.References 10

Introduction:-
Time history analysis is also known as non-linear dynamic analysis. It is the
advanced method of dynamic analysis. Dynamic analysis can be performed by
two methods one is response spectrum method and another is time history
method. In response spectrum method, the values are taken as per code IS 1893
(part 1) 2002 but in time history method the previous Earthquake data is
used.The loads which are used they are as per IS standards. Time history
analysis is also known as non-linear dynamic analysis. The time history analysis
method is also capability to incorporate harmonic forcing function which can
described by sinusoidal curves with a specified arrival time, frequency,
amplitude, and duration.
The time-history analysis is the most accurate method to predict the force and
deformation demands at various components of the structure. The use of the
time history analysis is limited because the dynamic response is very sensitive
to the modelling and ground motion characteristics.In time history analyses the
structural response is computed at a number of subsequent time instants. In
other words, time histories of the structural response to a given input are
obtained as a result. Time history is an analysis of a dynamic system in time-
domain.
Time-history analys is provides for linear or nonlinear evaluation of dynamic
structural response under loading which may vary according to the
specified time function. Dynamic equilibrium equations, given by :-
Ku(t) + C d/dt u(t) + M d2/dt u(t) = R(t)
are solved using either modal or direct-integration methods. Initial conditions
may be set by continuing the structural state.

Method Of Analysis:
Different types of ground motion inputs for the seismic response analysis of
structures are described here. Depending upon the available input information,
methods for seismic response analysis of structures may be classified under: (i)
time history analysis; (ii) response spectrum method of analysis;and (iii)
frequency domain spectral analysis. While the time history analysis is
applicable for both elastic and inelastic ranges of response, the other two
methods are essentially valid within the elastic range . However, both methods
may be extended for the approximate response analysis in the inelastic range
byusing suitable techniques. Time history analysis is performed to obtain the
response of structures for a specified time history of excitation using different
techniques, such as the Duhamel integration, step-by step numerical integration,
and the Fourier transform approach.

Response Analysis for Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) System

The responses of a single degree of freedom for specified time histories of
ground motions can be obtained by:
 Integration of the equation of motion in the time domain (time history
analysis).
The time domain analysis of structures under earthquake excitation. The method
of analysis can provide responses for both linear and non-linear structures. In
particular, the method is adopted for finding the seismic response of structures
in the inelastic range. In this method, numerical techniques (time marching
schemes) for the integration of the equation of motion are employed for finding
the responses at discrete time intervals.

For linear systems, two such schemes are presented here namely,the Duhamel
integration and the Newmark integration schemes. Both numerical integration
schemes are popular in earthquake engineering. There are many other time
marching integration schemes, such astheWilson y-method, Houbolt’s method,
Adam’s integration scheme, Alpha method, and Argary’s largetime step
integration schemes [2, 3]. Using the SIMULINK toolbox of MATLAB.

 Time Domain Analysis using the Duhamel Integral

In this method, the excitation force produced by the earthquake is treated as a
series of impulses of short duration Dt as shown in Figure 3.10. To derive the
method, the homogeneous solutions of a damped single degree of freedom
(SDOF) given by Equation . The displacement and velocity responses of the
SDOF are given in any standard textbook on dynamics and are given by:
Problem solved by Duhamel method:
Conclusion :

 Time history method have greater values of displacement and shear

storey force compare to equivalent static method.
 Time history analysis give real figure of structural response than the
equivalent static method.

References:
a. K. Chopra, Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake
Engineering. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2006.

b. “ETABS Lateral Loads Manual.” Computers & Structures, 2016.

c. BIS, “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,” Bureau of

Indian Standards, India, IS1893 Part 1, 2016.

d. Chetan &Punkaj, “ Sesmic Time History Analysis Of Building,”International

Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, India, 2018.