Advanced Wireless Communication

Systems
Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali
MODES OF COA
 FA-CoA (the IP address of FA)
 MNs receive a CoA from FA
 No duplication about new CoA

 Co-located CoA (CL-CoA, an IP address of the Foreign

Network)
 DHCP-based CoA allocation
 DHCP server should guarantee the uniqueness of CoA
MODES OF COA
FA/CL COA
 The two different ways of getting the Mobile Clients
associated with a Mobile IP care-of address
(network based Foreign Agent versus Co-located
care-of address) have somewhat different
characteristics.

 When using co -located care-of addresses, the

tunnel is terminated in the mobile node, i.e. the
tunnel is transported over the radio interface.

 This means that, in a radio resource perspective,

network based Foreign Agents are more efficient.
FA/CL COA
 In case of a network based Foreign Agent, the
Mobile IP tunnel is terminated at the Foreign Agent
in the network.

 Packets to the mobile node that arrive in the home

network are intercepted by the Home Agent and
tunneled to the Foreign Agent in the visited
network.

 The Foreign Agent de-capsulate the packets and

forwards them to the mobile node.
FA/CL COA
 When using a Co-located care-of-address, the
mobile node is associated with a unique care-of
address.

 The mobility tunnel from the Home Agent is

extended and terminated in the mobile node itself.
In this case, there is no need for a Foreign Agent in
the visited network. That is, the visited network
does not have to be Mobile-IP aware.

 Co-located care-of address requires one unique

care-of address in the visited network per visited
mobile node.
TUNNELING
MOBILE IPV4 FEATURES
 Triangle Routing
CN  HA  MN, MN  CN
It deteriorates quality of service
 MIP4 Route optimization

Not yet standardized, some research-level

papers
INGRESS FILTERING PROBLEM IN MIPV4
 At the Foreign Network, It is not free to transmit
packets with HoA as the source address.
REVERSE TUNNELING
 Montenegro, G., "Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP,
revised", RFC 3024, January 2001.

 ‘T’ bit
 Support of ‘Reverse Tunneling’
 Agent Solicitation
 Agent Advertisement
 Registration Request
 Registration Response
REVERSE TUNNELING
MIPV4 TRIANGULAR ROUTING
MIPV4 TIMING DIAGRAM
IPV6… WHY IPV6?
 Infinite Address Space
 128 bits address

 Autoconfiguration Service

 Stateless IP address auto-configuration without

DHCP (Network prefix + Interface ID)
 Stateful autoconfiguration (DHCPv6)
IPV4 AND IPV6 HEADER
Mobile IPv6
MOBILE IPV6 FEATURES

 The base IPv6 was designed to support Mobility

 All IPv6 Networks are IPv6-Mobile Ready
 All IPv6 nodes are IPv6-Mobile Ready
 All IPv6 LANs/Subnets are IPv6 Mobile Ready
MOBILE IPV6 FEATURES
 No Foreign Agent

 In a Mobile IPv4, an MN registers to a foreign node and

borrows its’ address to build an IP tunnel so that the HA
can deliver the packets to the MN.

 But in Mobile IPv6, the MN can get a new IPv6 address,

which can be only used by the MN and thus the FA no
longer exists.
MOBILE IPV6
 RFC 3775, Mobility Support in IPv6, June 2004
 D. Johnson (Rice Univ.), C. Perkins (Nokia), J.
Arkko (Ericsson)
 It takes almost 4 years to make it RFC.

 Major Components
 HA
 MN
 (no FA)
MIPV6 TIMING DIAGRAM
MIPV6 ROUTE OPTIMIZATION
MOBILE IPV6 OPERATION
MOBILE IPV6 OPERATION
MOBILE IPV6 OPERATION
MOBILE IPV6 OPERATION
MOBILE IPV6 OPERATION
MOBILE IPV6 OPERATION
MOBILE IPV6 OPERATION