NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

964/2 (P2) STPM 2018

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BIOLOGI
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(Satu jam setengah)

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SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Answer all questions in Section A. Indicates the correct answer on the Multiple-choice
Answer Sheet provided.
Answer all questions in Section B. Write the answer in the spaces provided.
Answer two questions only in Section C. You may answer all the questions but only the first
two answers will be marked. Write the answers on the answer sheets. All working should be
shown. For numerical answers, units should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each
answer on a new page of the answer sheet.
Answer may be written in English or Malay. For examiner’s use
Section A
(1-15)
Section B
16
17
Section C

Total

This question paper consists of 8 printed pages

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1. Which of the following are the roles of carbonic anhydrase in the process of gaseous exchange in
human?
I Increases the release of CO2 gas to the lungs.
II Increases the capillary wall’s absorbability of oxygen gas.
III Increases the concentration of H+ in the red blood cell at tissue level.
IV Increases the concentration of HCO3- in the red blood cell at tissue level.

A. I and II C. I, III and IV

B. I and IV D. II, III and IV

2. The diagram shows a tracing from a spirometer.

What is P?
A. Tidal volume at resting stage.
B. Tidal volume increasing as during exercise.
C. Inspiratory reserve volume.
D. Vital capacity.

3. Which of the following occurs during ventricular systole?

A. Tricuspid valve opens
B. Blood is pumped into the aorta.
C. Lowest pressure of the heart is produced.
D. Oxygenated blood flows into the right atrium.

4. The diagram below shows the movement of fluid between a capillary and the tissue fluid.

What is the net pressure that forces fluid flow at arterial end of the capillary?
A. 9 mm Hg
B. -9 mmHg
C. 10 mm Hg
D. -10 mm Hg

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

5. Which statement is true about Casparian strip in plant roots?

A. It increases the surface area for absorption of minerals.
B. It is situated at the walls between endodermal and cortex cells.
C. It provides energy for active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex.
D. It ensures that water and dissolved substances pass through cells before entering the stele.

6. The graph below shows the action potential in a neurone.

Which of the following about the graph is correct?

Point on graph Event during impulse transmission

A P Na+ and K+ channels close.
B Q K+ channels open and Na+ channel close.
C R N+ channels open and K+ channel close.
D S K+ and Na+ channels open.

7. The diagram shows a portion of a partially contracted myofibril, taken from a striated muscle fibre.

Which of the following is a correct description of the composition of the A, H and I bands?

A band H band I band

A Actin only Myosin only Actin and myosin
B Myosin only Actin only Actin and myosin
C Actin and myosin Actin only Myosin only
D Actin and myosin Myosin only Actin only

8. The peptide hormone action mechanism involves the first and second messenger. Which of the
following explains the role of the second messenger in the peptide hormone action mechanism?
A. Activates the protein kinase enzyme.
B. Helps the activation of the adenyl cyclase enzyme.
C. Enter the cell to trigger the activation of cAMP.
D. Helps the formation of hormone-receptor

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

9. The diagram below shows the longitudinal section of the root apex.

The table below shows the root parts and its functions in the root growth.
Part Role
R (a) Produce new cells
S (b) Give protection
T (c) Elongates the cells
U (d) Differentiate cells to tissue

Which of the following is the correct match for the root parts and its respective
function ?
R S T U
A. (d) (c) (b) (a)
B. (d) (c) (a) (b)
C. (a) (b) (d) (c)
D. (a) (d) (b) (c)

10. The following are the stages of fertilisation of egg in mammals.

I Cortical granules release enzymes that harden zona pellucida

II Sperm bind to receptor in membrane of the egg cell
III Sperm moves towards egg through granulosa cells
IV Acrosome burst and enzymes release to digest zona pellucida
V Membrane of egg cell and sperm fuse

Which of the following is the correct sequence of fertilisation of egg in mammal?

A. II, I, IV, III, V

B. III, II, IV, V, I
C. III, IV, II, V, I
D. II, III, IV, I, V

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

11. Some terms and their corresponding biological processes are shown in the table below.

Term Biological processes

I Transamination w Removal of amino group from amino acid to
form ammonia
II Glycogenesis x Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate
substance.
III Deamination y Synthesis of new amino acid by the enzymatic
transfer of amino group
IV Gluconeogenesis z Conversion of glucose to glycogen

Which terms correspond correctly with their respective biological processes?

I II III IV
A. w y x z
B. x w z y
C. y w x z
D. y z w x

12. The diagram below shows the control of aldosterone secretion and its role.
Liver Kidney Q R

Renin

Angiotensinogen Angiotensin Aldosterone Tubule cells

Which of the following is true of Q and R?

Q R
A. Adrenal cortex Increased Na+ reabsorption
B. Adrenal cortex Increased Ca2+ reabsorption
C. Increased Na+ reabsorption Adrenal cortex
D. Increased Ca2+ reabsorption Adrenal cortex

13. Which of the following is a non-specific immune response to a parasite?

A. Apoptosis induced by T lymphocytes

B. Presentation of antigens by phagocytes
C. Apoptosis induced by natural killer cells
D. Production of antibody by B lymphocyte clone

14. A child is vaccinated against a viral disease. A few weeks later she is exposed to the same virus.
What is the expected response to this exposure?

A. increased numbers of B-lymphocytes

B. increased numbers of T-lymphocytes
C. large numbers of antibodies are released
D. large numbers of antigens are released

15. Which of the following is a reason for difficulty in producing a vaccine against Malaria?

A. The mosquitoes have many stages in their life cycles

B. The vaccines are broken down by the proteases in the stomach rapidly
C. The human immune system does not recognise the parasite antigens
D. The parasites are only vulnerable to antibodies when they are outside the liver and blood cells

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

16 The diagram below shows the motor neurones that involve in autonomic nervous system.
Neurone A emerges from the spinal cord and synapses with neurone B.

Neurone A

Neurone B

(a) Name neurone A. [1 mark]

A:
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Which region of spinal cord does neurone A emerges [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Based on the diagram shown, determine the division of this nervous system. Give two
reasons for your answer.
[3 marks]

Division:
………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Reasons:
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

….…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(d) Name the neurotransmitter that is released to the eye and its corresponding effect to that
organ. .
[2 marks]
Neurotransmitter:
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Effect:
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

17 The diagram below shows the production of follicle, ovulation and the formation of a corpus
luteum in a human ovary. The stages in the cycle are shown clockwise round the ovary.

(a) Which of the lettered structures would you expect to produce the largest quantity of
progesterone?
[1 mark]

..................................................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Name structure H. [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Name the hormone that stimulate the released of H [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) State the location that structure H is heading to. [1 mark]

….………………………………………………………………………………………...

(c) The “combined” pill is an oral contraceptive containing both oestrogen and progesterone.
How would you expect the stages in the ovary to differ from those shown in the diagram
in a woman who had been taking the combined pill for the previous year? Explain your
answer.
[3 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) If fertilisation does not occur. What is the changes that would occur to G. [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Describe the process of oxygen transport in mammal. [6 marks]

(b) Explain how breathing is controlled during vigorous exercise. [9 marks]

19 (a) Describe the fertilisation process in flowering plant involving the formation of male
gametes. [7 marks]

(b) Mia went to London in December. Despite the low environmental temperature, her
body temperature was still 37 °C. Explain the regulatory mechanism in her.

[8 marks]

20 (a) Alex is infected by HIV. Explain the mechanism of this virus which cause immune
suppression. [6 marks]

(b) (i) Name the causative agent of dengue fever. [1 mark]

(ii) Describe how a person can be contracted with dengue haemorrhagic fever.

[3 marks]

(iii) Describe the symptoms of dengue haemorrhagic fever. [5 marks]

Objective answer sheet

1. =A= =B= =C= =D= 2. =A= =B= =C= =D= 3. =A= =B= =C= =D=

4. =A= =B= =C= =D= 5. =A= =B= =C= =D= 6. =A= =B= =C= =D=

7. =A= =B= =C= =D= 8. =A= =B= =C= =D= 9. =A= =B= =C= =D=

10. =A= =B= =C= =D= 11. =A= =B= =C= =D= 12. =A= =B= =C= =D=

13. =A= =B= =C= =D= 14. =A= =B= =C= =D= 15. =A= =B= =C= =D=

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
 NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

- END OF QUESTION PAPER

ANSWER SCHEME (PRE-U 2 BIO Term 2 Trial 2018)

Section A

11 D
6 A
1 C
12 A
7 D
2 B
13 C
8 A
3 B
14 C
9 B
4 C
15 D
10 C
5 D

Section B

16 a) Preganglionic neurone 1m

b) • Thoracic region 1m

c) • Sympathetic nervous system 1m each

• Preganglionic neurone is shorter than postganglionic neurone.

• Ganglion is located nearer to the central nervous system.

d) • Noradrenaline / norepinephrine 1m each

• Dilates pupil

TOTAL

7m

17 a) • G 1m

b) (i) • Secondary oocyte 1m

(ii) • Luteinising hormone / LH 1m

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

(iii) • Fallopian tube / oviduct 1m

c) • Primordial follicle does not develop into Graafian follicle. 1m each

• No secondary oocyte to be released, thus no ovulation.

• Corpus luteum does not develop.

d)  Degenerates / stop secreting progesterone and oestrogen. 1m

TOTAL 8m

SECTION C

18 (a) Describe the process of oxygen transport in mammal. [6

marks]

1. In the lungs, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) is high, hb has high affinity for
oxygen.
2. Hb combines with oxygen molecules to form oxyhaemoglobin.
3. Each hb can bind with four oxygen molecules.
4. Binding of hb with oxygen shows cooperativity.
5. Oxyhaemoglobin is transported in the oxygenated blood (from the lungs to the
heart to be pumped to all body tissues).
6. In body tissues, pO2 is low, hb has lower affinity for oxygen.
7. Oxyhaemoglobin dissociates and releases oxygen to body tissues.

(b) Explain how breathing is controlled during vigorous excercise. [9

marks]

1. During exercise, respiratory rate increases/ more oxygen is needed and pCO2
in the blood increases.
2. The peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies, are stimulated by
the high partial pressure of carbon dioxide / the high concentration of H+ in the blood.
3. The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are stimulated by high
concentration of H+ in the cerebrospinal fluid.
4. Nerve impulses from the peripheral and central chemoreceptors are sent to the
inspiratory centre in medulla oblongata.

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

5. The inspiratory centre sends out more nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to
the diaphragm and via the external intercostal nerve to the external intercostal
muscle causing both muscles contract at a higher rate.
6. Inspiratory rate increases to take in more oxygen.
7. More impulses are sent from stretch receptors to the expiratory centre in the
medulla
8. Expiratory centre sent more impulses via internal intercostal nerve to internal
intercostal muscle to stimulate its contraction at higher rate.
9. Expiratory rate increases to expel more carbon dioxide.

19 (a) Describe the fertilisation process in flowering plant involving the formation of male
gametes.
[7 marks]

1. Each spore mother cell in pollen sac carries out meiosis to produce four
microspores/ pollen grains.

2. Each pollen grain contains a tube nucleus and a generative nucleus.

3. After pollination, pollen tube grows in the style towards ovule.

4. The generative nucleus undergoes mitosis to form two haploid male gametes.

5. Double fertilisation occurs in the embryo sac in ovule.

6. One of the male gamete fuses with the female gamete forming a diploid
zygote.

7. Another male gamete fuses with the diploid polar nuclei forming a triploid
primary endosperm nucleus.

(b) Mia went to London in December. Despite the low environmental temperature, her
body temperature was still 37 °C. Explain the regulatory mechanism in her. [8
marks]

1. Body temperature is regulated by negative feedback mechanism and always maintain

at 37 °C..

2. When the body temperature decreases, changes of body temperature is detected by

the thermoreceptor in hypothalamus.

3. heat gain centre in hypothalamus is stimulated.

4. The corrective/homeostatic mechanisms are carried out.

5. Skin arterioles vasoconstrict to decrease blood flow to skin surface reducing heat loss
through conduction, convection and radiation.

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

6. Sweating is inhibited.

7. Hair erector muscle contract causing hairs stand and trap a thick layer of air for heat
insulation.

8. Metabolic rate increases to increase heat production.

9. Shivering occurs to increase heat production.

20 (a) Alex is infected by HIV. Explain the mechanism of this virus which cause immune
suppression.
[6 marks]

1. HIV binds to the host cell, helper T cell, its envelope fuses with surface
membrane of helper T cell

2. RNA and reverse transcriptase are release into helper T cell by endocytosis.

3. Viral DNA is synthesized from RNA catalyzed by reverse transcriptase.

4. Viral DNA is known as provirus and incorporates into the host DNA.

5. When the host DNA divides, a copy of viral DNA is formed causing the newly
formed helper T cell contains viral DNA.

6. The host cell once activated can synthesise new viral protein and RNA which are
assembled into new HIV.

7. The new HIV then released from the host cell and invade new helper T cell.

8. Destruction of helper T cell suppress the immune response and cause many
secondary infection.

(b) (i) Name the causative agent of dengue fever.

[1 mark]

1. Dengue virus from family Flaviviridae / DENV-1/ DENV-2/ DENV-3/ DENV-4

(ii) Describe how a person can be contracted with dengue haemorrhagic fever. [3
marks]

1. A person who had initially infected with any serotype of dengue virus.

2. Is infected by another serotype of dengue virus.

JKDBIOLOGIDAERAHMUAR
NAME: …………………………………………………… CLASS: ………………………………………

3. Bitten by infected Aedes sp. mosquito. (must underline the scientific name)

(iii) Describe the symptoms of dengue haemorrhagic fever. [5

marks]

1. High fever (39-41˚C).

2. Headache with severe pain behind the eyes
3. Joint and muscle ache.
4. Swollen lymph nodes.
5. Abdominal pain
6. Petechiae’ –small red spots that do not disappear when skin is pressed
7. Severe bleeding:gastro-intestinal tract, nose, gum
8. Black stool (faeces)
9. Drop in platelet count

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