A complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause and one or

more dependent clauses. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence,

but a dependent clause even though it has a subject and a verb cannot stand
alone.
Here are some examples of complex sentences. The independent clause is in bold ;

As you may have noticed from the examples above, a complex sentence can
either start with the independent clause or the subordinate clause. If the
subordinate clause comes first, you must add a comma. This is not needed if the
independent clause comes first.

An independent clause contains a subject and a verb, it can stand alone as a

complete thought
.

The football match was cancelled.

A subordinate clause cannot stand alone, it needs to be linked to the independent
clause to make sense.

Because it was raining

Put the two together and you have a complex sentence. Often the sentence will
make sense whether the independent clause or the subordinate clause is put first
Because it was raining, the football match was cancelled.
Or
The football match was cancelled, because it was raining
There are seven coordinating conjunctions that enable
two clauses to be equal and they are worth taking the
time to memorize;

A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent
clause. This means that the clauses are not equal, they use a co-ordinating
conjunction that changes the rank of one or more of the clauses to make it less
equal. For example;
My Dad laughed when I told a joke.

Independent clause / subordinating conjunction /

dependent clause
If we took away the 'when', we would have two equal clauses; ‘My Dad laughed’
and ‘I told a joke.’ The use of the conjunction 'when' connects the clauses but
displays a complex relationship between the two; indicating which is dominant
and which is subordinate. Thus, a complex sentence.
There are lots of subordinating conjunctions (too many to memorise in fact!), but
here are a few common examples;

Complex sentences are fascinating components of the English language. When

used properly, they can add depth to our writing. Complex sentences contain an
independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
An independent clause has the ability to stand alone as a sentence. It always
makes a complete thought.here’s an example
Katie sipped on her cappuccino.
A dependent clause cannot stand alone, even though it has a subject and a verb
here’s an example
Damian won’t be able to play in the game because he
injured his foot.
Complex sentences are friends and neighbors to compound sentences. There's
only one difference. Compound sentences contain two independent clauses -
that's all there is to it. Let's break down a couple complex sentence examples into
its part
When an independent and a dependent clause join together to form a complex
sentence, they can go in either order.
Here's an example where the independent clause comes first:
I was snippy with him because I was running late for
work.
Here's an example where the dependent clause comes first:
Because I was running late for work, I was snippy with
him.
To connect independent and dependent clauses, you need subordinating
conjunctions like "after," "while," or "since." If the dependent clause comes first,
you will generally need to separate the clauses with a comma.