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Upon the conquest of the lands past the Indus, the Muslim armies gathered and prepared
for their battles. The strength of the communication between them could be the
determinant of their fate. Thus was laid the foundations of the Urdu language. It began with
Muhammad bin Qasim, the Arab who entered what is now Pakistan proclaiming the message
of the One God and his final messenger in the 700 ¡s CE. For the next thousand years many
Arab, Persian, and Turkish armies conquered the region; some for worldly gains and others
who sought benefit in the life to come. A language that constituted all languages that came
into power came to be known as Urdu, meaning camp, referring to history of the language
how it came to existence through the army camps or as Rekhta, meaning molded or mixed.

The language of the Muslims of Central and Southern Asia was Persian for the time between
1000 CE and 1700 CE. It was the language of the government, literature, and education.
After the 1700's, Urdu emerged as the dominating force replacing Persian gradually. Urdu,
however, could be considered as a derivative of Persian as its vocabulary remained over
70% Farsi. Urdu differentiated itself from its predecessor with additional grammatical
usages and a greater influence of Arabic. The most renowned Urdu literature is written by
Mirza Assadullah Ghalib and Allama Iqbal and their works are read until today.


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³Urdu´ is a Turkish word which means 'foreign' or 'horde'. This just shows that the language
represents its origin being an amalgamation of foreigners with the natives of South Asia. It
was formulated by the interaction of foreign army, merchants and immigrants to India.
Today, it is the national language of Pakistan and is quite similar to the neighboring country
India's national language Hindi. Infact, the grammar of Urdu is quite similar to Hindi. The
forte of the language has been and still is it's literature that has some master pieces.
Likewise, poets like Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal, Faiz Ahmed Faiz have had a give and take
relation with the language. Where they took the language as a bridge between their
thoughts and their readers, they also gave the gems of their beautiful poetry to the
language.

Urdu involves numerous elements of Arabic as well as Persian. It also derives some matter
from Sanskrit, a language still spoken in the city of Multan in Pakistan. Though not a very
old language, Urdu is a language full of charm and elegance, a language that holds
literature so courtly. Even today when the this native language has almost lost its
importance in the country, the ones with a slight poetic and aesthetic sense prefer to
express in Urdu only as the language adds the charm to prose and poetry. The legatee of
feelings expressed can feel the intensity if it is your sweet heart and the orator may be the
content one.


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Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, was created around the 1600's in Central Asia. The
word 'Urdu' comes from the Turkish word 'ordu' meaning 'camp' or 'army'. It was used as a
unifying communication tool between the Muslim soldiers during their conquest of Ancient
India (including Countries east until Myanmar) and Eastern Persia. These soldiers were of
Persian, Arab, or Turkish descent. The majority of the soldiers, however, were of Persian
origin. This directly affected the language to be used between them. The language of the
government and that which dominated earlier on was Farsi, but eventually changed to Urdu
to accommodate the other races. Despite the fact, Urdu vocabulary contains approximately
70% Farsi and the rest being a mix of Arabic and Turkish. The grammar takes some
elements from Farsi and Arabic but also has elements that are unique and different from all
three of its mother tongues. In current times, however, many Urdu speakers have adopted
many English and Hindi terms following the effects of globalization and the success of
Bollywood, the Indian film industry, in Pakistan.


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The fall of the Urdu language began in the late 1800's. Coincidentally it was the same time
when the Muslims lost control of the region to the British after ruling (majority) Hindu India
for over 1200 years. The imperialist power gave great importance to the spread of English
and chose Hindustani as the medium language for the average man. Hindustani was the
language mixed between Urdu and Hindi (with the scale slanted heavily towards the latter).
It was used as a tool to merge the Hindus and the Muslims into a single identity, servants of
Britain. At this point the leaders and educated among the Muslims knew that if they did not
create their own state, they would soon be Indianized loosing their religion, culture, and
identity.

The Muslims created their state to the far West of the Empire, bordering Iran. They left the
cities from which they ruled such as Agra to the Hindus. Islamic architecture and signs of
Muslim rule can still be found in India to this day. The land of the Muslims came to be
known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , translated as the Land of the Pure¡ There were
great visions for the people, the country, and the state Faith, Unity, and Discipline :based
on three main principles. A leadership by the will of the people that would institute the
Shari'a system (Islamic Law) while at the same time promoting education and the
progression of the nation. A dream of economic, technological, and scientific progression
abstaining from that which the Creator forbade and remaining steadfast on what He
commanded. Urdu was at that time the language of the government, educational system,
and the people.
Then befell unto Pakistan tragedies that could be lamented until the Day of Resurrection.
Corrupt men and women took control of the country and used the power for personal gain;
education and literacy fell greatly. The Urdu language was directly affected by these events.
Media and technology were on the rise and more and more people had access to motion
video pictures. Soon the common man was drawn to the glamour of English movies and the
indecency of Indian films; the study and usage of Urdu grew to minimal levels. After a
military coupe d'etat Pakistan fell into the hands of Musharraf and his officers. Now, the
future of the Urdu language looks grim resting in the hands of those ready to compromise
themselves and their faith.
The crucial reasons for the fall of Urdu in Bharat and resistance to it in Pakistan are social
and political. The added religious dimension to Urdu, where it is at times claimed to be the
language of Muslims, made things only worse in Bharat where the non-Muslim advocators of
it were put into a very difficult position by the opponents of Urdu.
Still, the fact remains that despite all the faults and follies of its supporters it continues to
be the most widely spoken and understood language in South Asia.

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Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was an Indian educator and politician, and an Islamic reformer and
modernist. K
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Sir Syed pioneered modern education for the Muslim community in India by founding the
Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College, which later developed into the Aligarh Muslim
University. His work gave rise to a new generation of Muslim intellectuals and politicians
who composed the Aligarh movement to secure the political future of Muslims in India. He is
widely considered as a 'traitor' in leftist and patriotic circles of India.

 
One of the most influential Muslim politicians of his time, Sir Syed was suspicious of the
Indian independence movement and called upon Muslims to loyally serve the British Raj. He
denounced nationalist organizations such as the Indian National Congress, instead forming
organizations to promote Muslim unity and pro-British attitudes and activities. Sir Syed
promoted the adoption of Urdu as the @
 
 of all Indian Muslims, and mentored a
rising generation of Muslim politicians and intellectuals. Although hailed as a great Muslim
leader and social reformer, Sir Syed remains the subject of controversy for his views on
Hindu-Muslim issues

Sir Syed promoted the use of Urdu through his own writings. Under Sir Syed, the Scientific
Society translated Western works only into Urdu. The schools established by Sir Syed
imparted education in the Urdu medium. The demand for Hindi, led largely by Hindus, was
to Sir Syed an erosion of the centuries-old Muslim cultural domination of India. Testifying
before the British-appointed education commission, Sir Syed controversially exclaimed that
"Urdu was the language of gentry and Hindi that of the vulgar.His remarks provoked a
hostile response from Hindu leaders, who unified across the nation to demand the
recognition of Hindi


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Pakistan is a multilingual country with a population in 1994 of about 128 million. There are
four major nationalities in Pakistan: the Punjabi, Sindhi, Pakhtun, and Baluchi (Bangladesh,
the former East Pakistan, has been left out here). To this list, the Siraiki was added in the
1960s and an effort to make Muhajir a nationality began in the 1980s. The official point of
view is that there is one Pakistani nation united by the bonds of Islam and the national
language, Urdu.
But Urdu is the native language of only about 7% of the country's population. Its imposition
has caused "language riots" since the country's foundation, and language-focused unrest
was at the center of the struggle that resulted in the former East Pakistan breaking away as
Bangladesh in 1971.
Regional languages are degrading national language. And there is an identity crisis that
Urdu speaking people are called Mahajirs in Pakistan. People have designated Urdu as a
language of mahajirs only instead of the Mother tongue of the Country.

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Government has ignored the decline of the mother tongue of our country. Urdu language
has lost its significance due to the political instability and influence of western culture in our
country. The Condition of education sector is very bad because of which private institutions
have earned a great value and these institutions promote English language rather than
Urdu. This is the major reason behind the decline of our mother tongue.