ECS 248 - BASIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM,

UiTM CAWANGAN JOHOR, KAMPUS PASIR
GUDANG

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 CONTENTS

1) INTRODUCTION
2) TYPES OF STRUCTURES
3) TYPES OF SUPPORTS
4) EQUATION OF EQUILIBRIUM
5) CONDITION FOR DETERMINACY

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Identify types of structure, internal

forces and forms of structure.
2. Identify types of joints in framed
structure.
3. Understand equation of
equilibrium.
4. Identify conditions for determinacy.
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 1) INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

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2) TYPES OF STRUCTURES

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 TRUSSES

Windmill Communication tower Transmission tower

Bridge Roof truss

 FRAME & BEAM

Frame structure model

Girder bridge
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 CABLE

Suspension Bridge Cable-stayed bridge

Working swimming pool

ARCH

Arch Bridge

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 SHELL

Roof concrete shell

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LOAD TRANSFER

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3) TYPES OF SUPPORTS
i. Built-in or fixed support

Built-in

weld

Fixed

Reactions?
Degree of Freedom?

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TYPES OF SUPPORTS (CON’T)

ii. Pinned support

iii. Roller support

Reactions?
Degree of Freedom?
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TYPES OF SUPPORTS (CON’T)

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4) EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
•A body will move when subjected to a force or moment
applied to it. If many forces and moments are applied to
such a body, the resultant of all forces and moments
will cause body to move.

•The body remain in equilibrium when the sum of all

forces and the moments are equal to zero.

ΣFx = 0
ΣFy = 0
ΣMz = 0
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•In general, the structural mechanics involves determination of
unknown forces on the structures.

a) Statically determinate structure

The structure which requires the number of independent reaction
components to be equal or not exceeding the number of applicable
independent equations of equilibrium.

b) Statically indeterminate structure

The structure which have the extra or redundant reaction
components. The number of independent reaction is greater that
the number of equilibrium equations available.

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5) CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINACY

• To be in a state of static equilibrium, a structure must meet the
requirement of stability.
• Structural stability is accomplished through the geometry of the
members and the support conditions present
• The structures that are statically indeterminate can be classified
either as externally or internally determinate depending upon the
unknown forces.
• An internally statically indeterminate structure is the one that has
redundant or extra members within the structures (trusses or
frames). If a truss is constructed so that it does not hold its joint in
a fixed position, it will unstable or have a “critical form”.
• An externally statically indeterminate structure is the one that have
extra support reaction components

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5) CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINACY – CON’T

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5) CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINACY – CON’T
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

FRAMES / BEAMS / ARCHES

3m+r = 3j+c (statically determinate)
3m+r > 3j+c (statically indeterminate)
3m+r < 3j+c (unstable)
where
r = number of reactions
m = number of members
j = number or joints
c = number of hinge
Redundancy, n
n=(3m+r)-(3j+c)

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TRUSSES
m+r = 2j (statically determinate)
m+r > 2j (statically indeterminate)
m+r < 2j (unstable)

where
r = number of reactions
m = number of members
j = number or joints

Redundancy, n
n = (m+r)-(2j)

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5) CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINACY – CON’T
Example(march 2016)

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5) CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINACY – CON’T
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Example(sept 2015)

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5) CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINACY – CON’T
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

Example (oct 2016)

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• .

THANK YOU

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