CE 133-2

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN

GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING
According to the sequence of

casting the concrete and PRETENSIONING &
applying tension to the tendons: POST-TENSIONING

 According to the location of the EXTERNAL & INTERNAL

prestressing tendons:

 According to the shape of the LINEAR & CIRCULAR

prestressed member:

 According to the amount of FULL, LIMITED & PARTIAL

prestressing force:
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING

 EXTERNAL PRESTRESSING
 the member is prestressed by external reaction offered by rigid
abutments
 necessary prestressing force can be applied by compressing the
member by jacking against abutments
 after the prestressing is over, the space between the end of the beam and
the abutment may be packed with concrete and the jack recovered

 INTERNAL PRESTRESSING
 tendon is provided from which the prestress can be applied
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING

 LINEAR PRESTRESSING
 prestressing force is applied longitudinally along or parallel to the axis of
the member

 CIRCULAR PRESTRESSING
 circumferential hoop or “hugging” stress on the cylindrical or
spherical structure neutralizes the tensile stresses at the outer fibers
of the curvilinear surface caused by the internal contained
pressure
 used in liquid containment tanks, pipes and pressure reactor vessels
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING

 PRETENSIONING
 done at the fabrication plant for production of precast
members
 tendons are tensioned first before concrete is placed
 the concrete is cast around the stressed tendon
 as the fresh concrete hardens, it bonds to the steel
 when the concrete has reached the required strength, the
jacking force is released and the force is transferred by bond
from steel to concrete
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 CLASSIFICATION OF
PRESTRESSING

 PRETENSIONING
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING

 POST-TENSIONING
 done at the construction site for the construction of cast-in-
place members

 hollow conduits containing the unstressed tendons are

placed in the beam forms before pouring the concrete

 the tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened

and achieved sufficient strength
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 CLASSIFICATION OF
PRESTRESSING

 POST-TENSIONING
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 Consider a simply supported rectangular beam subjected to a

concentric prestressing force, P
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 Thecompressive stress on the beam cross section is uniform

and has an intensity of:

where, Ac = cross-sectional area of a beam section

Ac = width x total depth = bh

sign convention: (-) compression, (+) tension

GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 Ifexternal transverse loads are applied to the beam

causing a maximum moment M at mid-span, the resulting
stress becomes:

where, f t = stress at the top fibers

f b = stress at the bottom fibers
Ig = gross moment of inertia of the
section
c = h/2
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 Ifexternal transverse loads are applied to the beam

causing a maximum moment M at mid-span, the resulting
stress becomes:
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 equation indicates that the presence of the

prestressing compressive stress is reducing the tensile

flexural stress
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 the concrete’s ability to withstand tensile stresses is effectively

compensated for by the compressive force of the

prestressing tendon
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 equation indicates that the compressive

stress at the top fibers of the beam due to prestressing are

compounded by the application of the loading stress

GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 to induce tensile stresses at the top fibers due to prestressing,

the prestressing tendon is placed eccentrically below the
neutral axis at mid-span
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 If
the tendon is placed at eccentricity, e,from the center of
gravity of the concrete (cgc), a moment, Pe, is created
and the ensuing stresses at mid-span become:
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 since the support section of a simply supported beam carries

no moment from the external transverse load, high tensile
fiber stresses at the top fibers are caused by the eccentric
prestressing force
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING

 to limit such stresses, the eccentricity of the prestressing

tendon profile (termed the cgs line) is made less at the
support section than at the midspan section, eliminated
altogether, and a negative eccentricity above the cgc line is
used
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

A 200 x 400 mm PSC beam is prestressed with a final

prestressing force of 500 KN at an eccentricity of 100
mm below the neutral axis. Determine the maximum
moment that will produce no tension at the bottom
fiber.
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

A prestress rectangular beam 500 x 750 mm has a simple

span of 30 m and is loaded by a uniform load of 45 KN/m
including its own weight. The prestressing tendon is 225 mm
from the bottom and produces an effective prestress of
1600 KN. Compute and draw the fiber stress distribution on
the concrete at mid-section due to axial force, prestress
eccentricity, loads and total stress.
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

A 200 x 400 mm PSC beam spanning 8 m carries a DL

and LL, including its own weight, of 10 KN/m and
prestressed with a final force of 100 KN at an
eccentricity of 100 mm below the N.A. Find the
stresses in the concrete at beam ends.