—BMBD@U@U KN EBUC UCAQN DB NU[Q^E[^QB CQOBM@WBE@CMBD‘

Yrnsnmtbkc pcr7

@sburb Hbdkcmbkc Hbr`hcm

Ubmky Ybcdb Hbrruoc Benvnkc

Jbr`mb Qbhcs Brrcyc

UNHNU[QN

@@@

BU@OMB[^QB

Yrcenscs Bkh`m`strbt`vcs

1919
 

NU[Q^E[^QB CQOBM@WBE@CMBD
 [ckb nhprnsb ecmstb mnensbr`bhnmtn kn umb nhprnsb crobm`zbe`cmbd c umb fcrhb kn
crobm`zbe`õm kn beunrkc b sus mnens`kbkns, pcr hnk`c kn db eubd sn punknm crknmbr dbs
bet`v`kbkns, dcs prcenscs y nm s` nd fume`cmbh`nmtc kn db nhprnsb.
Ns `hpcrtbmtn ecmcenr quà edbsn kn nstrueturb crobm`zbe`cmbdns ut`d`zbm dbs k`fnrnmtns
nhprnsbs, sbanr pcrqun y eõhc fume`cmbm, qun vnmtbgbs y knsvnmtbgbs pcsnnm, qun `mtnrnsns
 pcsnnm ebkb umb kn nddbs, y s` sn bechckbm
be chckbm b ebkb umb kn dbs mnens`kbkns kn dbs
crobm`zbe`cmns, kn nstb hbmnrb, nd trbabgc qun lnhcs knsbrrcddbkc babreb b dcs bspnetcs
hâs `hpcrtbmtns kn ebkb umb kn dbs nstrueturbs kn crobm`zbe`cmns nhprnsbr`bdns, su
bpd`ebe`õm y sbanr k`fnrnme`br bkneubkbhnmtn dbs ebrbetnrèst`ebs kn ebkb umb kn nddbs pbrb
 pcknr snr bpd`ebkbs b dbs mnens`kbkns
mnens `kbkns kn umb nhprnsb nm db betubd`kbk.
Nd snerntc knd àx`tc nm eubdqu`nr ebhpc kn nstbs crobm`zbe`cmns, duelb ecmstbmtn pbrb
ecmsnou`r nd cagnt`vc knsnbkc.
KNF@M@E@ÕM
Nmtnmknhcs pcr nstrueturb crobm`zbe`cmbdns echc dcs k`fnrnmtns pbtrcmns kn k`snòcs pbrb
crobm`zbr umb nhprnsb, ecm nd f`m kn euhpd`r ecm dbs hntbs prcpunstbs y dcorbr nd cagnt`vc
knsnbkc.
Ybrb sndnee`cmbr umb nstrueturb bkneubkb ns mnensbr`c echprnmknr qun ebkb nhprnsb ns
k`fnrnmtn, y punkn bkcptbr db nstrueturb crobm`zbe`cmbd qun hâs sn bechckn b sus
 pr`cr`kbkns y mnens`kbkns, ns kne`r db nstrueturb knanrâ becpdbrsn y rnspcmknr b db
 pdbmnbe`õm, bknhâs, knan rnfdngbr db s`tube`õm
s `tube`õm kn db crobm`zbe`õm, pcr ngnhpdc7 su nkbk,
tbhbòc, t`pc kn s`stnhb kn prckuee`õm nd orbkc nm qun su nmtcrmc ns echpdngc y k`mâh`ec,
nte.
Nm db a÷squnkb kn db hngcr fcrhb kn crobm`zbe`cmns kn db nhprnsb sn lbm nstbadne`kc
eubtrc nstrueturbs7 d`mnbd, hbtr`e`bd, e`reudbr pcr knpbrtbhnmtbd`zbe`õm n l`ar`kb.
B ecmt`mube`õm nstuk`brnhcs ebkb umb kn dbs bmtnr`crns7
LNMQP H@M[WANQO7 Nd prcensc nstrbtào`ec7 ecmenptc, ecmtnxtc y ebsc.
 

Nstrueturb d`mnbd7 Nstb fcrhb kn crobm`zbe`õm sn ecmcen echc tbha`àm echc s`hpdn y sn
ebrbetnr`zb pcr qun ns ut`d`zbkb pcr pnqunòbs nhprnsbs qun sn knk`ebm b onmnrbr umc c
 pcecs prckuetcs nm um ebhpc nspne`f`ec
ns pne`f`ec knd hnrebkc.
Kna`kc b su fcrhb, nstb ns râp`kb, fdnx`adn, kn hbmtnm`h`nmtc kn abgc ecstc y su
ecmtba`d`kbk ns edbrb: bknhâs db rndbe`õm nmtrn supnr`crns y suacrk`mbkcs ns enreb y db tchb
kn kne`s`cmns sn lben âo`d. Kn `oubd hbmnrb prnsnmtb knsvnmtbgbs echc nd lnelc kn db
nspne`bd`zbe`õm, sn k`f`eudtb nmecmtrbr b um aunm onrnmtn punstc qun sn rnqu`nrn um
ecmce`h`nmtc onmnrbd kn db nhprnsb, y sn dn knk`eb pcec t`nhpc b db pdbmnbe`õm, db
`mvnst`obe`õm y ecmtrcd.
Echc db butcr`kbk nstâ snmtbkb nm umb scdb pnrscmb nstb bsuhn dbs kne`s`cmns y ecmtrcdns,
dc nhpdnbkcs nstâm sugntcs b dbs kne`s`cmns knd onrnmtn u prcp`ntbr`c, ddnvbmkc bebac dbs
cpnrbe`cmns pbrb euhpd`r dbs hntbs.
A^Q[ J UEBMDBM7 Yr`me`p`cs kn db k`rnee`õm y ecmkuetb crobm`zbe`cmbd.
Nstrueturb hbtr`e`bd7 nstb nstrueturb ecms`stn nm db borupbe`õm kn dcs rneurscs luhbmcs y
hbtnr`bdns qun scm bs`ombkcs kn fcrhb tnhpcrbd b dcs k`fnrnmtns prcynetcs qun sn rnbd`zbm,
sn ernbm bsè, nqu`pcs ecm `mtnorbmtns kn vbr`bs ârnbs kn crobm`zbe`cmns ecm um cagnt`vc nm
ech÷m.
Dcs nhpdnbkcs knmtrc kn db hbtr`z pcsnnm kcs gnfns: um gnfn kn fume`õm, qu`nm sn nmebrob kn
snr db ebanzb kn fume`õm n `mfcrhbr scarn dcs bsumtcs rndbe`cmbkcs ecm bspnetcs
fume`cmbdns, y nd Gnfn kn prcynetcs qun ns nd rnspcmsbadn kn dcs prcynetcs `mk`v`kubdns.
[ckcs dcs nhpdnbkcs qun trbabgbm nm um orupc sn ddbhbm onrnmtns kn suaprcynetcs y scm
rnspcmsbadns kn hbmngbr db eccrk`mbe`õm y echum`ebe`õm nmtrn dbs fume`cmns y prcynetcs.
 Mc tckbs dbs nhprnsbs scm betbs pbrb
pb rb knsbrrcddbr nstn t`pc kn crobm`zbe`cmns, pcr
pc r nsc ns
mnensbr`c tnmnr nm eunmtb dbs s`ou`nmtns ecmk`e`cmns7
- Ebpbe`kbk kn crobm`zbe`õm y prcensbh`nmtc kn crobm`zbe`cmns
- Un mnens`tb ecmtbr ecm um aunm ebp`tbd
- Un mnens`tb um nqu`pc
crobm`zbe`cmns, bknhâsknsnpcknr nmtrnumb
rnqu`nrn dcsnstrueturb
bspnetcs fume`cmbdns
kn butcr`kbky kcadn
prcynetc
pbrbknhbmtnmnr 
dbs
nsn nqu`d`ar`c.
Nstb nstrueturb pcsnn umb snr`n kn vnmtbgbs

- Ynrh`tn rnum`r vbr`cs nxpnrtcs nm um nqu`pc, nstc ecmddnvb b qun sn kà umb gnrbrquèb
huy rnkue`kb y lbddb hbycr fdnx`a`d`kbk y butcmchèb nm db crobm`zbe`õm.
- Byukb b h`t`obr dcs ecmfd`etcs nmtrn dcs cagnt`vcs onmnrbkcs pcr dbs k`st`mtbs ârnbs
fume`cmbdns kn umb crobm`zbe`õm.
- Dcs h`nharcs nxt`nmknm b hct`vbrsn hâs.
- U`rvn pbrb nd nmtrnmbh`nmtc kn ebmtnrb.
- Ecmtr`auyn b buhnmtbr db `hpd`ebe`õm y nd echprch`sc kn dcs `mtnorbmtns kn dcs
nqu`pcs.
 

- Nstâ cr`nmtbkb b dcs rnsudtbkcs f`mbdns, sn hbmt`nmn db `knmt`f`ebe`õm prcfns`cmbd.

- @knmt`f`eb ecm prne`s`õm db rnspcmsba`d`kbk kn ebkb gnfn.

Kn `oubd fcrhb t`nmn ctrbs snr`ns kn knsvnmtbgbs7

- Nd kcadn fdu`kc kn butcr`kbk nm cebs`cmns cr`o`mb ecmfd`etcs

- Yunkn prcp`e`br nstràs nmtrn dcs h`nharcs kn dcs nqu`pcs bd tnmnr qun rnmk`r eunmtbs
b 1 gnfns.
- Uus ecstcs aurcerât`ecs kn cpnrbe`cmns scm abstbmtns bdtcs kna`kc b qun `mv`nrtnm
huelc nm ebpbe`tbe`õm kn sus nhpdnbkcs y pcr dc tbmtc tbha`àm knan ndnvbrsn
sbdbr`cs.
-  Mc nstâ a`nm knf`m`kb db butcr`kbk, nstbadne`h`nmtc kn dbs pr`cr`kbkns y db ut`d`zbe`õm
kn rneurscs nmtrn dcs onrnmtns fume`cmbdns y dcs kn prcynetcs.