OPENTAG DASH7 STACK OVERVIEW

JP Norair
16 Dec 2009
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

Introduction
 DASH7 Confidential
Basic Facts
• An open source DASH7 stack
• Primarily for microcontrollers
• Written in C
www.dash7.org
ABOUT THE PROJECT
• On-and-off development for two years
‣ Some unsuccessful platforms aborted
‣ However, library has been tested for billions of vectors
• One current developer, looking for more!
‣ Platform porters
‣ FreeRTOS developers
‣ Library debuggers
• Apache License
• Less than 10K lines of total code
‣ Compiled code is much less
‣ Build size is typically 8 - 16KB
http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/opentag
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

ABOUT DASH7 2002:

Proto-DASH7
used by DoD
DASH7: Ultra-low Energy
Wireless Data Technology
• Based on the ISO 18000-7 standard 2004:
• Mandated by U.S. Department of Defense, First Publication
allied militaries ISO 18000-7
• Range is scalable, 10 - 2000 m (1.2 mi)
• 433 MHz
• 28 kbps 2008:
Latest Publication
• Extendable to multi-hop, sensors, security, ISO 18000-7
IPv6, and other features
 www.dash7.org

ABOUT THE End Users

DASH7 ALLIANCE
Systems
Entrepreneurs Integrators

Software
The DASH7 Alliance directs the Academia Developers
development of the DASH7 standard.
ISO 18000-7
Semiconductor
Are you interested in joining? Companies
Licensees
www.dash7.org
DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

ABOUT ME
• Name: JP Norair
• Current Status
‣ Lead Developer of OpenTag
‣ Applications Engineering Mgr. at Savi Technology
‣ Co-chair of DASH7 Technology Working Group
• CV items
‣ Expertise in RF Comms and Signal Processing
‣ Large knowledge of passive and active RFID
‣ Growing knowledge of open source project mgmt!
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

BRIEF HISTORY OF OPENTAG

2007 2008 2009
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

“DASH7”
First line of DASH7 Alliance
coined First Release on
OpenTag code Encoder chain Kickoff meeting
SourceForge
written passes 100
million tests

Major architectural Beta for ST/Arira

STMicro introduces Sensor
First Alpha upgrade in order to platform
HDK to Savi, we plan
work better with
DASH7 integration
different RF silicon

OpenTag has been in development for a while, but has been delayed by several
rearchitecting phases. As a result, OpenTag is more than a “1.0” product.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

DASH7 BENEFITS FROM OPENTAG

The DASH7 Alliance has a symbiotic relationship with OpenTag.

Interoperability Platform Support Ecosystem Growth

• Happens when different • Open source distributions • Reduced time to market
developers use the same allow for maximum
codebase. proliferation of platform
• Greater awareness of
DASH7 among product
support.
• Happens when a developers
reference codebase for
conducting plugfests.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

DASH7 SILICON STMicroelectronics

PARTNERS
Expect many SoC parts in 2010-2011

Does your silicon company

want to get involved with DASH7?
We will support your product!
DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

Architecture
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

DESIGN GOALS
• High Performance DASH7 implementation
‣ Moore’s Law has affected microcontrollers, so take advantage
‣ Minimal lag between request & response
‣ Minimum power requirements (minimum CPU duty cycle)

• Small Program Size

‣ Memory on microcontrollers is not growing as fast as DMIPS
‣ Where possible, use C-preprocessor directives instead of C
‣ Reuse code blocks wherever possible

• Portable to many architectures & MCUs

• Does not require persistent SRAM variables
‣ Improves portability and MCU options
‣ Increases robustness
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

SYSTEM APPLICABILITY
• Designed for 16 and 32 bit MCUs (these are more efficient)
• Requires a hardware DMA or FIFO of some sort
Examples Status Notes

≥ 32 bit Intel, PPC, most ARMs Tested OpenTag would be used as a daemon on such a platform

Ideal for embedded applications where 32bit data space or

16/32 bit ARM Cortex Mx Tested
good DMIPS are beneficial. Cortex M0 may be the “goldilocks” factor.

Suitable for all existing applications and most future applications that
16 bit MSP430 Pending
DASH7 Alliance has envisioned. Public Key and IPv6 may strain limits.

(large instruction word / 8 bit data). Caveat Emptor.

N/8 bit CoolRISC, PIC –
22bit CoolRISC may be workable. PIC, unlikely.

Unlikely to be suitable for complete OpenTag distributions, but may be

8 bit 8051, 6800 –
suitable for module type applications where data is held on master MCU.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

OPENTAG BASIC ARCHITECTURE

• Highly modular User
Main

• Platform, Init, and UHF modules OTlib

are hardware-specific. The rest Init MAC
(OTlib) is completely abstracted.
Commands Queue Encode Radio

• No OpenTag code in ISRs Data CRC16 Decode Table UHF

Packetcodes
CRC Table
Memory
• Requires HW DMA or FIFO:
Platform
strategy is “sprint and sleep,” with
Hardware or OS
no frequent interrupts.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

SYSTEM ORGANIZATION
OTlib:
Fully abstracted
modules

Platforms:
HW-specific code and
abstraction layer(s) Folder for each Config (.h) files
for each board
HW target
HW library
Versioned
platform code

OpenTag is a distribution containing the OTlib and platform code

 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

DATASTREAM MODEL
interrupt windows
max

T T T T’
sleep

• OTlib has a modular design so that individual modules may be replaced or revised without
affecting the entire system – or run independently, even in an interrupt-free environment.

• OTlib uses interrupts only to wake the MCU from low power modes. The ISR merely clears
the interrupt-pending-bits. The body code must act on the interrupts.

• OTlib has softer real-time requirements and fewer interrupts due to datastream buffering.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

VIRTUAL MEMORY
• All calls to the data layer should be by virtual address.
• Single 16 bit virtual addressing space (easily upgradeable to 24 or 32 bits)
• Part 1: VWORM (Virtual Write-Once Read-Multiple)
‣ Optimized for infrequently written data strings (can be written multiple times, but unoptimized)
‣ Used in OpenTag for string data (most UDB elements)

• Part 2: VEEPROM (Virtual EEPROM)

‣ Optimized for storage of (somewhat) frequently changing variables
‣ If held in Flash, must use wear-leveling techniques and garbage collection, so uses memory space inefficiently
‣ If held in traditional EEPROM, performance may be poor (depends on HW)
‣ Used in OpenTag for some system variables and UDB elements.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

Getting Started
 www.dash7.org

DASH7 OFFICIAL DEV TOOLS

TI CC430 & Kit

msp430.com

Open Source DASH7 Library STM32 “SmartSensor” Kit:

for Microcontrollers STMicro & Arira
opentag.sourceforge.net ariradesign.com/hdk.php

3 STEPS TO OPENTAG DEVELOPMENT
STEP 1
Get a board. There are some
supported boards available, but
OpenTag can also be ported
to many other platforms.
have access to the latest code.
www.dash7.org
STEP 2
Install “Git” (free source STEP 3
management tool) and join
OpenTag on SourceForge to Start programming your
application using the OpenTag
DASH7 stack.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

ST - ARIRA
DEV KIT
A multi-purpose, multi-system dev kit
including hardware and software (DASH7
software is OpenTag).
Component Hardware Software
Compiler: IAR
Processor ST STM32 Arira
Debugger: Segger JLink
Total Code Size: Less than 50KB DASH7 Radio Semtech SX1212 OpenTag

Cost: ~$2000 GPS ST Module ST/Arira

http://www.ariradesign.com/hdk.php Cellular ST GPRS Module ST/Arira

 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

SEMTECH SX1212
OpenTag/DASH7 Reference Transceiver

• Highest performance DASH7 transceiver Semtech SX1212

‣ Lowest Power
‣ Highest Receiver Sensitivity Freq. Range 300 - 510 MHz

‣ Highest Transmitter Strength Sensitivity -102 dBm

• Usable as low as 2.1V, allowing dual alkaline Output Range -8.5 to 12.5 dBm

power supply. Voltage 2.1 - 3.6 V

Sleep 0.1 µA
• Usable with on-chip 64 byte FIFO or off- Start Up 2 ms @ 0.5mA avg
chip DMA (via SPI bus).
Active RX 2.5 mA typ

• Longest range due to highest performance. Active TX 16 mA typ (1 dBm)

 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

POSSIBILITIES WITH SX1212

Large Area Tags with

Yard Mgmt very long life

Battery
In-container
Integration powered
sensors
with GPS, read nodes
satcom
 www.dash7.org

TI CC430
DEV KIT
An evaluation kit for the CC430 SoC, with
no additional features or software.

Compiler: IAR, CCS, GCC Component Hardware Software

Debugger: TI JTAG debugger ($100)
Processor TI CC430 (MSP430F5) None
Total Code Size: Less than 16KB
Cost: $149 DASH7 Radio TI CC430 (CC1101) OpenTag

http://www.ti.com/cc430
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

HIGHLIGHT:
TI CC430
• The first true family of SoCs for DASH7 RF CPU

• The CC430 is a single, silicon die and can be Freq. Range 433 / 868 / 915 MHz
used in a QFN package or as a bare die. Sensitivity -96 dBm

• Very capable, and can easily support the Output Range -40 to 10 dBm 25MHz MSP430
10 DMIPS
future evolution of DASH7 Voltage 2.2 - 3.6 V 0.7 mA / DMIPS
AES128 Hardware

• Excellent engineering support from TI Sleep

Start Up
0.1 µA

0.3 ms @ 16mA avg

up to 32 KB Flash
up to 4KB SRAM
~2 µA RTC-sleep

Active RX 16 mA typ

Active TX 16 mA typ (0 dBm)

 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

POSSIBILITIES WITH CC430

DASH7 in Very Small

Access Card Tracking Tags

Tire
sub-$10
Pressure
DASH7 on eSeal
Monitoring
SIM Card
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

COOL IDEA: CC430 ON SIM CARD

CC430
F5137
8mm QFN48

25mm 8mm

3mm Die Package

3mm

Flat Ferrite Loop Antenna

15mm
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

Roadmap
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

2009 2010 2011-2012

Alpha Beta/1.0 1.x / 2.x
PC simulation of OTlib routines OTlib + custom platform code Updates & Upgrades
2.0
OTlib + FreeRTOS 5+
5
4
2.x for new SoCs
3
2 Module 2.x

Official Developers: 1 SX1282 Module 1.x

CC430 Beta CC430 1.0 CC430 2.0 CC430 2.x

Arira Beta Arira 1.0 Arira 2.0 Arira 1.x / 2.x

Alpha Development PC Simulator 1.0 PC Simulator 2.0 PC Simulator 2.x

Official OpenTag development will support 1.x and 2.x versions across several platforms
and eventually a serial-1/O “module” type target. Unofficial development may enable
many more platforms and features.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

2009 2010 2011-2012

ISO 18000-7:2008 New DASH7 Features Remaining New DASH7 Features
Standard Spec Functionaliy Features under discussion within the
DASH7 Alliance Technology Working
Group (TWG).
3 4
5
2
Mode 2
Sensor
Official Developers: 1 ext.
5+

Public
Private IPv6
LF ext. Key
18000-7: 2008 Key

While 2010 is not focused on platform development, it is focused on feature

improvements. The DASH7 Technology Working Group (TWG) is developing
specifications for several new features. OpenTag will support these.
 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

Releases
 www.dash7.org

NEAR-TERM
RELEASE SCHEDULE
• Beta code available today for ST/Arira
platform – interfaces are frozen, so fine for
getting started. Component Support Release Date

STM32 Dec 2009

• Beta code available for CC430 in early Jan Processor
CC430 Jan 2009
CMSIS Q2 2010
• 1.0 releases to follow shortly SX1282 Q2 2010

SX1212 Dec 2009

• Incremental 1.0.x releases will feature DASH7 Radio
CC430
SX1230
Jan 2009
Q1 2010
improved application / plug&play support SX1282 Q2 2010

http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/opentag RTOS FreeRTOS Q2 2010

 DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org

Questions? Support?
jpnorair@savi.com