MMA800 Thermofluids Tutorials

MMA800 Thermofluids Tutorials 1

A. Determine the dimensions of the coefficients A and B which appear in the dimensionally
homogeneous equation
d 2x dx
+ A + Bx = 0
dt 2 dt
Where x is the length and the t is time.

B. The pressure difference, ∆P, across a partial blockage in an artery (called a stenosis) is
approximated by the equation
2
µV A 
∆P = K v + K u  0 − 1 ρV 2
D  A1 
Where V is the blood velocity, µ the blood viscosity, ρ the blood density, D the artery diameter,
A0 the area of the unobstructed artery and A1 the area of the stenosis. Determine the dimensions of
the constants Kv and Ku . Would this equation be valid in any system of units?

C. An important dimensionless parameter in certain types of flow problems is the Froude number
defined as Fr = V gL where V is velocity, g the acceleration due to gravity and L a length.
Determine the value of the Froude number for V=10ft/s, g=32.2ft/s2 and L=2ft. Recalculate the
Froude number using SI units for V, g and L. Explain the significance of the results of these
calculations. (Ans: 1.25, 1.25)

D. For fluid flow in a pipe the Reynolds number, Re, is defined as ρVD/µ where ρ is the fluid
density, V the mean fluid velocity, D the pipe diameter and the u the fluid viscosity. Calculate the
Reynolds numbers for the flow of water and for air through a 3mm diameter pipe if the mean
o
velocity is 2m/s and the temperature is 30 C in both cases. Assume the air is standard atmospheric
pressure. (Ans: 7491, 376)

E. A Newtonian fluid having a specific

gravity of 0.92 and kinematic viscosity of y U
4x10-4 m2/s flows past a fixed surface. The
velocity profile near the surface is shown
below. Determine the magnitude and direction u
of the shearing stress developed on the plate. δ
Express your answer in terms of U and δ.
(Ans: 0.552 U/δ N/m2)

3
u 3 y 1 y
= −  
U  2 δ  2δ 
MMA800 Thermofluids Tutorials

F. A 10kg block slides down a smooth inclined

0.1mm gap
surface as shown. Determine the terminal velocity V
of the block if the 0.1mm gap between the block 20o
o
and the surface contains SAE 30 oil at 60 C.
Assume the velocity distribution in the gap is
linear and the area of the block in contact with the
oil is 0.2m2. (Ans: 0.44 m/s)
(Viscosity available in Munson Tables)

G. A large moveable plate is Fixed

located between two large fixed 6mm µ = 0.02 Ns/m2
plates as shown below. Two
Newtonian fluids having the 4 m/s
viscosities indicated are
contained between the plates. 3mm µ = 0.01 Ns/m2

Fixed
Determine the magnitude and direction of the shearing stresses that act on the fixed plates when
the moving plate has a velocity of 4m/s. assume a linear velocity distribution between the plates.
(Ans: 13.33 N/m2)

H. The viscosity of liquids can be T, ω

measured with a rotating cylinder liquid Fixed Outer
viscometer shown. Th this device the Cylinder
outer cylinder is fixed and the inner
cylinder is rotated with an angular
velocity ω. The torque T required to Rotating
develop ω is measured and the Cylinder
viscosity calculated from these two
measurements. Develop an equation l
relating µ, ω, 1, Ro and Ri. Neglect end
effects and assume the velocity
distribution in the gap is linear.

Ri

Ro

I. A 25mm diameter shaft is pulled

through a cylindrical bearing as Bearing
Lubricant
shown below. The lubricant that fills
the 0.3mm gap between the shaft
Shaft
and the bearing is an oil having a P
kinematic viscosity of 8x10-4 m2/s
and a specific gravity of 0.91.
Determine the force P required to
pull the shaft at a velocity of 3m/s. 0.5m
Assume the velocity distribution in
the gap is linear. (Ans: 286N)