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Haiderali
Term Paper
Mohammed N. Haiderali
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EET272 – Term Paper Mohammed N. Haiderali
might seem, well probably was impossible few decade ago, but now due to the
communication world, but also the ever-growing networking world. Fiber Optic has
communicate and process data. Fiber is now slowly being replaced with copper,
even though the upfront cost which is higher then copper, but fiber brings many
benefits over copper, such as fiber being nine times lighter then copper, dielectric,
which means fiber does not carry current. Another great aspect of fiber is that its
daily. Fiber is also much secure then copper, as the light passing through the core
sends electrical pulses can be intercepted. Fiber also doesn't have to deal with
attenuation, which is the loss of signal over the length of the cable.
technology better and faster, but this isn’t where fiber optics amazing technology
stops. Aside from the communication and networking field, fiber optics have tapped
into many other various fields, which have changed the way people live.
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EET272 – Term Paper Mohammed N. Haiderali
One of the major fields that fiber optics has advanced in is the medical field.
In the medical field technology plays a very important role. The more advanced
technology gets, the better science gets at treating illness, which at one time
surgeon has to get inside of the body of the patient. When this is needed, a medical
instrument called endoscopes come into action[ CITATION End \l 1033 ]. The
seamless surgery. The main point of endoscopy is to allow surgeons to peer into the
body and examine organs without cutting or tearing through flesh and skin
time since fiber technology has advanced and became integral part of medical tools.
Current endoscopes use fiber optics and powerful camera and lens system
[ CITATION Sur \l 1033 ]. Endoscopes come in two different types, either rigid or
flexible. Endoscopes allow different variations for viewing different organs. The
rigid endoscope starts of with an objective lens, then following with the rod lens,
following with ocular lens. After the lens and camera finish, the light fibers come
into play [ CITATION Sur \l 1033 ]. After the fiber there is a light source. Images and
videos from the small cameras travel through the tiny fibers out to the display. The
way the display works is that it takes the images from camera, which is sent through
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EET272 – Term Paper Mohammed N. Haiderali
the fibers out to the display [ CITATION Fib \l 1033 ]. This uses a technology called
Charge-Coupled Devices or CCD. CCD uses the fiber to send images and videos out
the display. It can capture and store image data. It also can produce 2D array of
individual elements that can store an electric charge and can also respond to about
seventy percent of the incident light. For fiber to work correctly, it requires a light
source. [ CITATION Fib \l 1033 ][ CITATION Fib \l 1033 ] Various light sources are
which uses optimal use of light. Also a rare earth xenon lamp can be used which will
provide the most intense light and show true color display [ CITATION End \l
1033 ].
Since fiber technology has become better and fiber production also has
become better, the flexible endoscope is now also available. Unlike the rigid
endoscope, the flexible can be bent and moved as desired[ CITATION End1 \l 1033 ].
In the flexible endoscope, we see more action of the fiber. The bend radius of the
flexible endoscope is about 15mm. In the body of the endoscope, two fiber optic
cables are used [ CITATION End \l 1033 ]. Now we must keep in mind that a single
strand of fiber is much smaller then the single strand of human hair. So the carbon
footprint of fiber is extremely small. The first fiber is the light conduit [ CITATION
Fib \l 1033 ]. This fiber is the “flashlight” it emits light sent from the light source to
brighten the area of inspection. The second fiber is used for image transmission.
The image fiber can display a max resolution of 10,000 pixels per square millimeter
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EET272 – Term Paper Mohammed N. Haiderali
The first endoscope form took place in 1806 by Philipp Bozzini. It was
initially use to examine the canals and cavities of the human body. However at that
given time, technology wasn't this advanced and was very limited. At that time no
light source was used so examinations where dark and unclear. This still was a
break through at that time. Given today’s technology and the technology present in
1806, endoscope and endoscopy both have bought new light and new hope for
When imagining a rod, lenses, and fiber is being inserted into a human, it can
seem quite painful, but given the advancement in both camera lens and fiber optics
both combine and come together to from the smallest form of endoscope the
medical field has seen [ CITATION End1 \l 1033 ]. Some might argue that the small
footprint of the camera plays the important role in the small size of footprint, but if
we look it from a technical stand point and see that no matter how big or small the
camera can get, if what that camera see isn’t transmitted correctly outside to the
external display for the doctor or surgeon, then what is the point of even having a
small camera. The key player in making endoscopes what they are today is the fiber.
Fiber being pure glass and smaller then the human hair it can seamlessly go into the
human body without big cuts and insertions. In 1806, when the first endoscope was
used, the images were poor quality and dark. Fiber today solves this problem by
fiber with the help of the light source can illuminate the area of inspection to
provide a clear and sharp picture. The beauty of combining fiber optics with small
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EET272 – Term Paper Mohammed N. Haiderali
insertion cameras to make the smallest possible endoscope is readily available and
97 percent of the time used when endoscopy is necessary [ CITATION Sur \l 1033 ]
growing medical field, fiber is turning into the most important aspect of how
technology operates in that field. With the combination of fiber optics and medicine,
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EET272 – Term Paper Mohammed N. Haiderali
Works Cited
Endoscopy. (n.d.). Retrieved from Endoscopy: www.endoscopy.com/vet/video.htm