School for Oil & Gas Engineering

Materials & Corrosion Engineering 602

1. Outline the methods used for thermo-mechanical controlled processing (TMCP) of steel. Briefly
describe the difference between hot rolling and controlled rolling. (10).

What effect would these processes have on the properties of a typical offshore structural
steel? (10).

2. Using a diagram, briefly outline the uniaxial tensile test for metals.

Describe four (4) of the properties determined by a tensile test, highlighting their engineering
significance.

Sketch tensile test curves for a strong brittle material, and a soft ductile material, highlighting
the important features of these curves. What is the significance of the area under the curve?

Outline a method for determining the tensile strength of a ferritic steel component that does
not involve cutting a tensile test specimen. What is the main disadvantage of this method?

3. Briefly outline the gas-tungsten arc (GTAW) and the gas-metal arc 9 (GMAW) welding
processes, showing the equipment and consumable used for manual or semi-automatic
welding. Compare the two processes, indicating the advantages and limitations of each
process.

4. Outline the principles of:

c) Radiographic inspection (3)

d) Ultrasonic testing using the pulse-echo technique (3)

Briefly compare these two methods if inspection, highlighting the advantages and
disadvantages of each method. (4)

What problems might be experienced with using both techniques for the following situations,
and which of the two techniques would be most suitable for each situation.

e) Examining butt welds in carbon steel pipe, 50 mm nominal bore and 5.5 mm wall
thickness (5).

f) Cruciform weld butt joints in 50 mm thick Grade 50D steel structure (5).

5. A pipeline used to transport unprocessed gas and/or oil will require a number of considerations
to ensure that its integrity is maintained. These will relate to both the internal and external
condition of the pipeline. Briefly describe the essential measurements and techniques that
you would use to ensure its integrity from a corrosion standpoint both during the design and
operation of the pipeline. (This does not require a description of how techniques work, but
what instrumentation and/or techniques would be used and are available for both external
and internal applications) (20).

6. Describe any criteria and how you would assess the effectiveness of the external protection
measures applied to buried and submerged metallic structures. The external protection
measures may include coating systems as well as cathodic protection. Discuss any options
available to implement such measures, including the equipment that may be considered as
well as monitoring equipment used to assess the effectiveness and any limitations of its use.