Asu Thesis

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Bachelor of Science in Nursing
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Contraceptives, defined as tending or serving to
prevent conception or impregnation (Oxford Dictionary,
2000); a term long opposed of using by the church is
included in the Philippine Reproductive Health Bill.
One of the most talked topics nowadays is the issue
about the Philippine Reproductive Health Bill which
packages several ideas including making contraceptives as
essential medicines. With strong pillars from the
government, its use shall be promoted as well as becoming
available nationwide in national or local hospitals as well
as other government health units.
About 69% of Filipinos according to the Pulse Asia
survey agreed with the Bill, 7% opposed and 24% could not
say if they agree or disagree with this Bill
(http://www.gmanews.tv/story/207185/pulse-asia-survey-69-
of-filipinos-agree-with-rh-bill)
With information dissemination of different
contraceptive use to different age groups including teens,
alarms the church about the use of this artificial
contraceptives and the RH Bill quoting it and its
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supporters as “anti life” (Inquirer.net/natural vs.
artificial birth control).
They are in the belief that passage of the proposed
bill will give children proper knowledge and training in
Reproductive Health which would surely contribute to more
cases of abortion. While the proposed bill endeavor to
consider the present world problem of population growth,
they believe that this should not be remedied through the
introduction of the bill as natural use of birth control
can still be considered the best approach to population
control without resorting to abortion or blocking human
right to life.
(http://www.scribd.com/doc/9939806/Philippine-Reproductive-
Health-Bill)
Information to the use of different contraceptive
methods is a major factor to the people’s beliefs regarding
the different methods and is the key to its widespread use;
that’s what the church is trying to prevent and is the
passive method of the government to control the rapid
growth of our population.
This study was done to delve for the different
perceptions of the chosen subjects to know their personal
2
insights regarding the issue of contraceptive use, the RH
Bill and the opposition of the church.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aimed to determine the perceptions of
students of Aklan State University Banga Campus on the use
of artificial contraceptive methods as one of the health
packages in Reproductive Health Bill.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following
questions:
1. What were the socio-demographic characteristics of
respondents?
2. What were the common artificial contraceptive
methods that they know according to their demographic
data?
3. What were the respondents’ common sources of
information about artificial contraceptives according
to their demographic data?
4. What were the respondents’ beliefs about the
effectiveness, benefits and disadvantages of
artificial contraceptives according to their
demographic data?
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5. What were the beliefs of the respondents regarding
artificial contraceptives as key in solving national
problems according to their demographic data?
6. What were the perceptions of the respondents about
the passing and approval of the RH Bill indicating
artificial contraceptives as essential medicines
according to their demographic data?
7. What were the perceptions of the respondents about
the opposition of the church to RH Bill according to
their demographic data?
8. What were the respondents’ perceptions about the
church’s claim that artificial contraceptives are
forms or may lead to abortion according to their
demographic data?
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE INTERVENING VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES
Perceptions of the respondents

about the passing and approval
1. Artificial of the RH Bill indicating
1. Demographic contraceptives that the artificial contraceptives as
Data respondents know. essential medicines
2. Sources of
 Age Information about Perceptions of the respondents
artificial about the passing and approval
 Religion contraceptives. of the RH Bill indicating
 Course 3. Beliefs about the
artificial contraceptives as
essential medicines
 Gender effectiveness, benefits,
disadvantages and help
of artificial
contraceptives in Perceptions of the respondents
solving national about the passing and approval
problems. of the RH Bill indicating
artificial contraceptives as
essential medicines
Figure 1.1
Figure 1. Shows the relationship among the dependent

variables in the study with the intervening variables and
the dependent variables.
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Definition of Terms
Age. Refers to the length of time an organism has

lived. (Merriam Webster Dictionary)
It is one of the independent variables in the study
which pertains to the ages of the respondents.
Sex. It denotes the condition of being male or female

in any type of entity. (Merriam Webster Dictionary)
which pertains to the masculinity or feminity of the
respondents.
Religion. A belief binding the spiritual nature of man

to a supernatural being, as involving a feeling of
dependence and responsibility, together with the feelings
and practices which naturally flow from such belief.
(Oxford Dictionary)
which pertains to the religious affiliation of the
respondents.
Perceptions. It is the act or faculty of apprehending

by means of the senses or of the mind, cognition or
understanding. (Oxford Dictionary, 2000)
In this study, it pertains to the beliefs of the

respondents.
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Contraceptives. Tending or serving to prevent

conception or impregnation. (Oxford Dictionary)
In the study, it is one of the major concepts on which
the study revolves.
Reproductive Health Bill. A bill with a lot of

reproductive health concepts which endorses the education
on and access to both natural and artificial family
planning techniques.
(http://www.scribd.com/doc/9939806/Philippine-Reproductive-
Health-Bill)
In the study, it is one of the major concepts on which
the study revolves.
Abortion. An operation to end pregnancy. (Oxford

Dictionary)
In the study, it is one of the issues raised involving
the use of artificial contraceptives.
Course. A program of study or training. (Oxford

Dictionary)
In the study, it is one of the independent variables
which pertains to the course that the respondents are
taking up.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Specifically, this study will benefit the following:
Students. As they will have the chance to express and
enhance their opinions regarding issues of reproductive
health. They will also benefit from this study through
acquiring teachings regarding the benefits of using
artificial contraceptive methods.
The Health Professionals. They will acknowledge the pulse
and the degree of knowledge and beliefs of young adults and
do the proper action to correct false beliefs and conduct
seminars to teach them properly about artificial
contraceptive methods.
The Parents. They will know the beliefs and understanding
of their young regarding artificial contraceptive use and
do their roles as educators to modify the beliefs of the
youth.
The Government. They will know the major pulse of the youth
if they agree or disagree about the use of artificial
contraceptives and serve as basis whether they push through
early education about reproductive health or not.
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Aklan State University. They will know the students’ say
about the issue and conduct programs about proper education
regarding reproductive health.
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study was conducted to determine the perceptions
of college students regarding the perception on the use of
artificial contraceptives as one of the health packages in
Reproductive Health Bill; both males and females belonging
from first year to fourth year studying non health-related
courses in Aklan State University, Banga Campus, school
year 2010-2011.
This study is delimited to the use of interview guide
as data gathering tool and the use of mean and percentages
and cross tabulation method as statistical tool.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter deals with the review of previous studies
related to our own study which would support and serve as
our pillar in the conduction of this study. The abstract
articles were taken from foreign and local websites. The
articles focus on the different variables of this study
including the demographic characteristics, influences from
various media and beliefs and perceptions about artificial
contraceptives with relation to the current issue on
passing the Reproductive Health Bill (RH Bill).
AGE
Teenagers perceive teenage pregnancy as something
which is unintended. They associate it with individual
characteristics such as knowledge, maturity, skill, and age
at first intercourse. Misconceptions about sex and
contraceptives are still evident in most teenagers.
(Richter and Mlambo, 2005)
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SEX
Women informants recognized that contraceptive
products often impacted on their health, but viewed them as
distinct from ‘medical matters’. (Lowe, 2005)
The majority of the men, affordability and willingness
to pay took precedence over quality services. On the
contrary, women’s desire of local integrated services and
satisfaction of the treatment took precedence over economy
especially for contraception and to reduce stigma.
(Khurram, Moshina, Hafsa, Noah and Wagas, 2009)
YEAR LEVEL
Most learners were sexually active without being
knowledgeable about contraceptives, emergency
contraceptives and TOP services. Secondary school learners
in the Limpopo Province require more knowledge about and
ready access to contraceptives to enable them to delay
child bearing until they are emotionally, financially and
physically ready for these responsibilities. (Netshikwet,
2007)
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The largest improvements in contraceptive use and
pregnancy risk occurred among ninth graders, and whites and
blacks. In 2003, 46% of pregnancy risk resulted from
failure to use any method of contraception, and 54%
resulted from contraceptive failure. (Santelli, Morrow,
Anderson and Lindberg; 2007)
RELIGION
The majority of articles was neutral and held no
position. Approximately half (50.6%) of all articles
included a Catholic reference to illustrate the topic, and
when these articles were analyzed further, a slight
majority of these stories were positioned as pro-life.
(Cortina, 2009)
INFLUENCE FROM VARIOUS KINDS OF MEDIA
Family planning (32.0%) and HIV/AIDS/STIs (16.0%) were
the most frequently covered reproductive health topics. The
majority of articles was neutral and held no position.
Approximately half (50.6%) of all articles included a
Catholic reference to illustrate the topic, and when these
articles were analyzed further, a slight majority of these
stories were positioned as pro-life. (Cortina, Berry, 2009)
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PERCEPTIONS ABOUT ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
More than 50 percent of the women had some
misconception and these were highest for IUD and female
sterilization. Health problems were most frequently cited.
Other misconceptions included upward displacement and
infertility for IUD, painful arms, paralysis of hands and
infertility for Norplant, loss of libido/ potency, weakness
and death for vasectomy and difficulty in doing hard work
and death for tubectomy. (Sobhan, Islam and Quaiyum, 2000)
Artificial Contraceptives, a term long opposed by the
church makes its way into the Philippine Reproductive
Health Bill a bill enabling the promotion of the use of
artificial contraceptives. About 69% of Filipinos according
to the Pulse Asia survey agreed with the Bill, 7% opposed
and 24% could not say if they agree or disagree with this
Bill (http://www.gmanews.tv/story/207185/pulse-asia-survey-
69-of-filipinos-agree-with-rh-bill).
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PERCEPTIONS OF THE CHURCH AGAINST THE PASSING OF
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH BILL
It still remains to be seen whether HB5043 will be
passed into law. What can be observed even at this stage,
however, is that there may well be a discordance between
Church proclamations regarding faith-based sexual morality
on the one hand, and popular opinion and actual practices
under difficult economic and social circumstances on the
other. In this respect, sustainable population control in
the Philippines continues to be an uphill battle, given the
Church's persistent association of artificial contraception
with a pernicious "culture of death". (Bautista, 2010)
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents and discusses the systematic
approaches in the collection of data that were needed in
the study; these includes the research design, population /
respondents, research site or location, instrument to be
used, data gathering procedure, data processing and
analysis, methodological limitations and ethical
considerations.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive both quantitative
and qualitative method because the inquiry aimed to explore
the insights of the respondents regarding the artificial
contraceptive methods as one of the health packages of
Reproductive Health bill. Descriptive design enables to
explore and explain the causes of a particular phenomenon.
Population/Respondents
The respondents were selected students of Aklan State
University; Banga Campus S.Y. 2010-2011 both males and
females taking different non-health related courses.
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The sampling method used was convenience sampling. Only 21
respondents were taken as sample.
Research Site
The study was conducted in Aklan State University,
Banga Campus.
Data Gathering Instrument
In the manner of data collection, the researchers made
use of interview guide containing three parts. Part I
included the demographic characteristics of the respondents
including age, sex, educational level, and religion and the
course that they are taking up. Part II of the guide
covered the intervening variables such as social influences
including families, friends, media and even medical
professionals, personal beliefs of the respondents and
their level of knowledge about artificial contraceptives.
The third part of the guide included the opinions of ASU
students regarding the current issue about the Reproductive
Health Bill.
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Data Gathering Procedures
The data gathering procedure was sequenced as follows:
first the interview guide was pre-tested to different
students of Aklan State Unviersity, Banga Campus. The
result of the pre-testing was able to obtain the targeted
responses of the respondents; they were able to express and
give their insights regarding the questions in the
interview guide.
The actual interview for the study was then conducted.
Before engaging a participant into interview, the
letter or consent was shown with proper introduction and
explanation of the research objectives to avoid confusion.
After the introduction and the permission of the
participant for the interview, proper interview was
conducted. The respondents answered the questions asked by
the interviewer based on the interview guide.
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Table 1. Matrix on Variables

Key Concepts Variables
Socio-demographic Age
characteristics Gender
Educational Level
Religion
Civil Status
Course
The artificial contraceptives Example:
that the respondents know a. condoms
b. pills
c. injectibles
d. IUD
e. vasectomy
f. tubal ligation
etc.
Beliefs about the use of The effectiveness of
artificial contraceptives artificial contraceptives.
Benefits of artificial
contraceptives.
Example: 1. Can help
control the population. 2.
Can help control the spread
of STD.
Disadvantages of artificial
contraceptives.
Example: 1. The risk for
diseases such as infection of
using barrier methods.
2. Improper use of these
methods.
Perceptions about the Based on the respondent’s

Reproductive Health bill responses.
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Data Processing
The data processing phase include compiling and
encoding. After the interviews, the researchers encoded all
the data and information that were gathered.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
The data gathered were analyzed through organizing the
information by their similarities and opinions that agree.
After the personal interview, polite termination was done.
The responses were then tabulated and analyzed. During
analysis, the responses were categorized by themes.
Methodological Limitation
The small sample size and the qualitative nature of
the data do not allow the researchers to generalize the
findings among the entire population of ASU students
studying non health related courses. Nevertheless, the use
of qualitative methods enabled to gain understanding into
beliefs and opinions that would not have been attained
using questionnaire or survey method.
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Ethical Considerations
The rights of the respondents were not neglected thus
the face-to-face interview was done with proper courtesy,
with sensitive questions asked appropriately.
A letter of consent was shown to ensure legality and
comfort for the respondents to answer the questions. An
issue of invasion is involved in the study because of
asking questions that might help clear out for the study
and the respondents might feel their individual privacy is
being trespassed. The interviews were of full consent by
the respondents and those who refused were not compelled,
likewise those who want to pull out from being one of the
respondents.
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter contains the analysis, presentation and
interpretation of the data gathered.
Demographic Data of the Respondents
The demographic data of the respondents which includes
age, religion, course, year level, gender, and civil status
were ascertained.
Age
The ages of the students interviewed ranged from 15 to
23 years old with a mean age of 18.57. The largest group of
the respondents which is 12, belonged within the age range
of 18-20 years, followed by six (6) whose ages belonged to
age range of 15-17, and three (3) belonged to age bracket
of 21-23.
Religion
As for the religion, majority belonged to Roman
Catholic which comprises 17 of the respondents; three (3)
were Born Again Christians and one belonged to Assemblies
of God.
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Course
We were able to interview students from five (5)
different non-health related courses. Majority of them or
seven (7) were taking up Bachelor of Science in Home
Technology (BSHT). Followed by six (6) from Bachelor of
Science in Education (BSED). Four (4) were taking up
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Technology (BSAT).
Three (3) were taking up Bachelor of Science in Accountancy
(BSA). And one (1) was taking up Bachelor in Office and
Information Management.
Gender
Majority of the respondents were females with a number
of 13 and eight (8) were males.
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Table 2. Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
Category Frequency Percentage (%)

N=21
AGE:
15-17 6 29%
18-20 12 57%
21-23 3 14%
Mean Age= 18.57
RELIGION :
Roman Catholic 17 81%

Born Again Christian 3 14%
Assemblies of God 1 5%
COURSE:
BSHT 7 33%
BSED 6 29%
BSAT 4 19%
BSA 3 14%
BOIM 1 5%
GENDER:
Male 8 38%
Female 13 62%
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COMMON KNOWN ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
The following tables show the relationship of the
different demographic characteristics to the respondents’
knowledge about artificial contraceptive methods.
Table 3.1 shows that hundred percent (100) of the
respondents in all age groups know about condom and pills.
Sixty-six and sixty-seven percent (66.67%) or four (4) out
of six (6) respondents belonging to ages 15-17, 83.33% or
one (1) of 12 respondents belonging to ages 18-20, and
33.33% or one (1) of three (3) respondents belonging to
ages 21-23 years old know about tubal ligation.
Table 3.1 COMMON KNOWN ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING

TO AGE GROUPS
AGE f % CONDOM % PILLS % TUBAL %

n=21 LIGATION
15-17 6 6 6 4 66.67
18-20 12 12 12 1 8.33
21-23 3 3 3 1 33.33
Total 21 21 21 6
Table 3.2 shows that hundred percent (100%) of the
respondents belonging to all religious affiliation know
about condom and pills. Thirty-five and twenty-nine percent
(35.29%) or six (6) of 17 Roman Catholics, and none of the
2
Born Again Christians and Assemblies of God know about
tubal ligation.
TABLE 3.2 COMMON KNOWN ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING

TO RELIGION
RELIGION f % CONDOM % PILLS % TUBAL %

n=21 LIGATION
ROMAN 17 17 17 6 35.29
CALTHOLIC
BORN AGAIN 3 3 3 0 0
CHRISTIANS
ASSEMBLIES 1 1 1 0 0
OF GOD
Total 21 21 21 6
respondents from different courses know about condom and
pills. Fifty percent (50%) or three (3) of six (6) BSED
students, 50% or two (2) of four (4) BSAT students, zero
percent (0%) of BSA students and hundred percent (100%) or
one (1) of one (1) BOIM student know about tubal ligation.

TO COURSE
COURSE f % CONDOM % PILLS % TUBAL %

n=21 LIGATION
BSHT 7 33.33 7 7 0 0
BSED 6 28.57 6 6 3 50
BSAT 4 19.05 4 4 2 50
BSA 3 14.29 3 3 0 0
BOIM 1 4.76 1 1 1 100
Total 21 21 21 6
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male and female respondents know about condom and pills.
Fifty percent (50%) or four (4) of eight (8) and 15.38% or
two (2) of 13 females know about tubal ligation.

TO COURSE
GENDER f % CONDOM % PILLS % TUBAL %

n=21 LIGATION
MALE 8 8 8 4 50
FEMALE 13 13 13 2 15.38
Total 21 21 21 6
COMMON SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT ARTIFICIAL

CONTRACEPTIVES
sources of information about artificial contraceptives.
Table 4.1 shows that the top three most common sources
of information were broadcast media, school, and as told by
friends. According to age groups, broadcast media was the
most common with a hundred percentages from all age groups.
Second most common source was school with hundred percent
from age group of 15 to 17, 83.33% from ages 18 to 20 and
66.67% from ages 21 to 23. And third was from friends with
66.67% from age group of 15 to 17, 58.33% from ages 18 to
20 and 100% from ages 21 to 23.
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TABLE 4.1 COMMON SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT ARTIFICIAL

CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING TO AGE GROUPS
Source of 15-17 18-20 21-23 TOTAL

Information
f 6 12 3 21
N=21
% 29 57 14 100
School 6 10 2 18
% 100 83.33 66.67
Broadcast 6 12 3 21
Media
% 100 100 100
Family Member 1 4 1 6
% 16.67 33.33 33.33
Friends 4 7 3 14
% 66.67 58.33 100
Health 1 5 0 6
Practitioners
% 16.67 41.66 0
Written Media 3 4 0 7
% 50 33.33 0
Table 4.2 shows the common sources of information
about artificial contraceptives according to religion. As
shown, broadcast media is the most common source with
hundred percentages from all three religions followed by
school with 82.35% from Roman Catholics, and hundred
percentages from both Born Again Christians and Assemblies
of God. And thirdly, was from friends with 70.59% from
Roman Catholics, 66.65% from Born Again Christians and zero
(0%) percent from Assemblies of God.
2

CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING TO RELIGION
Source of Roman Born Again Assemblies TOTAL

Information Catholic Christians of God
f 17 3 1 21
N=21
% 81 14 5 100
School 14 3 1 18
% 82.35 100 100
Broadcast 17 3 1 21
Media
%
Family Member 5 1 0 6
%
Friends 12 2 0 14
% 70.59 66.67 0
Health 4 1 1 6
Practitioners
%
Written Media 6 1 0 7
%
about artificial contraceptives according to course. As
hundred percentages from all courses followed by school
with 71.42% from BSHT, and hundred percentages from BSED,
BSAT, and BSA and zero percent (0%) from BOIM. And thirdly,
was from friends with 71.42% from BSHT, 66.66% from BSED,
25% from BSAT, and 100% from BSA and BOIM.
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CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING TO COURSE
Source of BSHT BSED BSAT BSA BOIM TOTAL

Information
f 7 6 4 3 1 21
N=21
% 33.33 28.57 19.05 14.29 4.76 100
School 5 6 4 3 0 18
% 71.42 100 100 100 0
Broadcast 7 6 4 3 1 21
Media
% 100 100 100 100 100
Family Member 3 1 0 2 0 6
% 42.86 16.67 0 66.67 0
Friends 5 4 1 3 1 14
% 71.42 66.66 25 100 100
Health 1 1 1 3 0 6
Practicioners
% 14.28 16.66 0 100 0
Written Media 1 5 0 1 0 7
% 0 83.33 0 33.33 0
about artificial contraceptives according to gender. As
hundred percentages from both male and female followed by
school with 87.5% from males, and 84.62% from females. And
thirdly, was from friends with 62.5% from males, 69.23%
from females.
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CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING TO GENDER
Source of Male Female TOTAL

Information
f 8 13 21
N=21
% 38 62 100
School 7 11 18
% 87.5 84.62
Broadcast 8 13 21
Media
% 100 13
Family Member 1 5 6
% 12.5 38.46
Friends 5 9 14
% 62.5 69.23
Health 2 4 6
Practitioners
% 25 30.77
Written Media 2 5 7
% 25 38.46
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
different demographic characteristics to the perceived
effectiveness of the respondents regarding the use
artificial contraceptive methods.
Table 5.1 shows that three (3) of the respondents’
ages 15- 17 years old said that it is very effective, two
(2) of them said that it is moderately effective and only
one (1) of them said that is not very effective. Six (6) of
the respondents’ ages 18 - 20 years old said that it is
very effective, four (4) of them said that it is moderately
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effective and two (2) of them said that is not very
effective. None of the respondents’ ages 21 - 23 years old
said that it is very effective; all of them said that it is
moderately effective and none of them said that is not very
effective.
TABLE 5.1 PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RESPONDENTS

REGARDING THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
ACCORDING TO AGE
PERCEIVED
15-17 18-20 21-23 TOTAL
EFFECTIVENESS
f
6 12 3 21
N=21
% 29 57 14 100
Very Effective 3 6 0 9
%
Moderately Effective 2 4 3 9
%
Not Effective 1 2 0 3
%
Table 5.2 shows that eight (8) of the respondents who
are Roman Catholic believed that the use of artificial
contraceptive is very effective, seven (7) said that it is
moderately effective and two (2) of them said that it is
absolutely not effective. None of the respondents who are
Born Again Christian believed that the use of artificial
contraceptive is very effective, two (2) said that it is
moderately effective and one (1) of them said that it is
absolutely not effective. Majority of the respondents who
are assemblies of God believed that the use of artificial
3
contraceptive is very effective, and none said that it is
moderately effective and not effective at all.

ACCORDING TO RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
PERCEIVED Born Again Assemblies of

Roman Catholic TOTAL
EFFECTIVENESS Christians God
f
17 3 1 21
N=21
% 81 14 5 100
Very Effective 8 0 1 9
%
Moderately Effective 7 2 0 9
%
Not Effective 2 1 0 3
%
Table 5.3 shows that three (3) of the BSHT students
believed that the use of artificial contraceptive is very
effective, four (4) of them said that it is moderately
effective and none said that it is not effective. Three (3)
of the BSED students believed that the use of artificial
contraceptive is very effective and moderately effective
and none said that it is not effective. Three (3) of the
BSAT students believed that the use of artificial
contraceptive is very effective; one (1) of them said that
it is moderately effective and none said that it is not
effective. None of the BSA students believed that the use
of artificial contraceptive is very effective and
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moderately effective and majority of them said that it is
not effective.
Majority of the BOIM students said that it is moderately
effective.

ACCORDING TO COURSE
PERCEIVED
BSHT BSED BSAT BSA BOIM TOTAL
EFFECTIVENESS
f
7 6 4 3 1 21
N=21
% 33 29 19 14 5 100
Very Effective 3 3 3 0 0 9
%
Moderately Effective 4 3 1 0 1 9
%
Not Effective 0 0 0 3 0 3
%
Table 5.4 shows that four (4) of the males said that
the use of artificial contraceptives is very effective and
moderately effective while none said that it is not
effective. Five (5) of the female respondents said that it
is very effective and moderately effective while three (3)
of them said that it is not effective.
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ACCORDING TO GENDER
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS Male Female TOTAL

f
8 13 21
N=21
% 38 62 100
Very Effective 4 5 9
%
Moderately Effective 4 5 9
%
Not Effective 0 3 3
%
PERCEPTIONS OF THE RESPONDENTS ON THE BENEFITS IN USING

ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
benefits of the respondents in using artificial
contraceptive methods where multiple answers have been
gathered.
Table 6.1 shows that two (2) of the respondents’ ages
15 – 17 years old said that artificial contraceptive
methods prevent unwanted pregnancies and may help control
the spread of STDs and six (6) answered it will control the
number of children in the family. Three (3) of the
respondents’ ages 18 - 20 years old said that artificial
contraceptive methods prevent unwanted pregnancies, six
(6)said that it may help to control the spread of STDs and
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five (5) answered it will control the number of children in
the family. One (1) of the respondents’ ages 21 - 23 years
old said that artificial contraceptive methods prevent
unwanted pregnancies and may help control the spread of
STDs and three (3) answered it will control the number of
children in the family.
TABLE 6.1 PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF THE RESPONDENTS IN USING

ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING TO AGE
* PERCEIVED BENEFITS 15-17 18-20 21-23 TOTAL

f
6 12 3 21
N=21
% 29 57 14 100
Prevent Unwanted Pregnancies 2 3 1 6
%
Control # of children in the
family
6 6 3 15
%
Help Control the Spread of STDs 2 5 1 8
%
* - Multiple Response
Table 6.2 shows that five (5) of the respondents who
were Roman Catholic said that artificial contraceptives
could prevent unwanted pregnancies, thirteen answered it
may control the number of children in the family and seven
(7) also said that it help to control the spread of STDs.
One (1) of the respondents who were Born Again Christians
said that artificial contraceptives could prevent unwanted
pregnancies; it can control the number of children in the
3
family and may help to control the spread of STDs. None of
the respondents who were Assemblies of God said that
artificial contraceptives could prevent unwanted
pregnancies and could help to control the spread of STDs
majority answered it may control the number of children in
the family.

ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING TO
RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
Roman Born Again Assemblies of

* PERCEIVED BENEFITS TOTAL
Catholic Christians God
f
17 3 1 21
N=21
% 81 14 3 100
Prevent Unwanted
Pregnancies
5 1 0 6
%
13 1 1 15
family
%
Help Control the Spread of 7 1 0 8
STDs
%
Table 6.3 shows that two (2) of BSHT students answered
that the use of artificial contraceptives could prevent
unwanted pregnancies, six (6) said that it may control the
number of children in the family while none of them said
that it may help control the spread of STDs. Two (2) of
BSED students said that the use of artificial
3
contraceptives could prevent unwanted pregnancies, four (4)
said that it may control the number of children in the
family and three (3) of them said that it may help control
the spread of STDs. One (1) of BSAT students answered that
the use of artificial contraceptives could prevent unwanted
pregnancies, two (2) said that it may control the number of
children in the family and may help control the spread of
STDs. One (1) of BSA students answered that the use of
artificial contraceptives could prevent unwanted
pregnancies, while two (2) said that it may control the
number of children in the family and that it may help
control the spread of STDs. None of the BOIM student said
that it would prevent unwanted pregnancies while majority
said that it could control the number of children in the
family.
Table 6.3 PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF THE RESPONDENTS IN USING

ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES ACCORDING TO COURSE
* PERCEIVED
BENEFITS
f
7 6 4 3 1 21
N=21
% 33 29 19 14 5 100
Prevent Unwanted
2 2 1 1 0 6
Pregnancies
%
3
Control # of
children in the 6 4 2 2 1 15
family
%
Help Control the
0 3 2 2 0 8
Spread of STDs
%
Table 6.4 shows that two (2) answered it could prevent
unwanted pregnancies in women according to male
respondents, majority of them answered it could control the
number of children in the family while only three (3)
believed that artificial contraceptive methods could help
in preventing the spread of STDs. Four (4) answered it
could prevent unwanted pregnancies according to the female
respondents, seven (7) said that it could control the
number of children in the family and five (5) said that it
help control the spread of STDs.

GENDER
* PERCEIVED
Male Female TOTAL
BENEFITS
f
8 13 21
N=21
% 38 62 100
Prevent Unwanted
2 4 6
Pregnancies
%
8 7 15
family
%
4
Help Control the Spread of

STDs
3 5 8
%
PERCEIVED DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
disadvantages of the respondents regarding the use of
artificial contraceptive methods where multiple answers
have been gathered.
Table 7.1 shows that four (4) of the respondent’s ages
15-17 years old believed that it can cause undesirable
effects in the body. While one (1) of them said that it
results to discomfort during sexual intercourse, it is a
form of a sin and there’s no advantage at all.
4
TABLE 7.1 RESPONDENT’S PERCEIVED DISADVANTAGES OF USING

AGE
* PERCEIVED
15-17 18-20 21-23 TOTAL
DISADVANTAGES
f 6 12 3 21
N=21
% 29 57 14 100
Cause Undesirable Effects on 4 8 1 13
the Body
%
Abusive Use of These 0 1 1 2
Methods
%
Discomfort During 1 2 2 5
Intercourse
%
A Form of Sin 1 2 0 3
%
No Disadvantage 1 2 2 5
%
Table 7.2 shows that eleven of the Roman Catholic
respondents, two (2) of the Born Again Christians and none
of the Assemblies of God perceived that it can cause
undesirable effects in the body. Two (2) of the Roman
Catholic said that it will result to abusive use of these
methods while none of the Born Again and Assemblies of God.
Five (5) of the Roman Catholic said that it can cause
discomfort during sexual intercourse and none of the other
two religious affiliation said so. Two (2) of the Roman
Catholic, one (1) of the Born Again Christians and none of
the Assemblies of God believed that it is a form of a sin.
4
Three (3) of the Roman Catholic, one (1) of the Born Again
Christian and of the Assemblies of God believed that
there’s no advantage at all.

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
* PERCEIVED Roman Born Again Assemblies of TOTAL
DISADVANTAGES Catholic Christians God
f
17 3 1 21
N=21
% 81 14 5 100
Cause Undesirable
11 2 0 13
Effects on the Body
%
Abusive Use of
2 0 0 2
These Methods
%
Discomfort During
5 0 0 5
Intercourse
%
A Form of Sin 2 1 0 3
%
No Disadvantage 3 1 1 5
Table 7.3 shows that four (4) of the BSHT students,
five (5) of the BSED, one (1) of the BSAT, two (2) of the
BSA and one (1) of the BOIM said that it will cause an
undesirable effects in the body. One (1) of the BSHT and
BSAT students said that it will result to abusive use of
these methods while none of the BSED, BSA and BOIM students
believed in. Three (3) of the BSHT students, one (1) of the
BSED, BSAT and BSA students said that it can cause
4
discomfort during sexual intercourse and none of the other
two courses said so. Two (2) of the BSED and one (1) of the
BSAT students believed that it is a form of a sin while
none of the other three courses. Three (3) of the BSHT
students, one (1) of the BSED and BSAT students believed
that there’s no advantage at all.

COURSE
* PERCEIVED
DISADVANTAGES
f
7 6 4 3 1 21
N=21
% 33 29 19 14 5 100
Cause Undesirable Effects
4 5 1 2 1 13
on the Body
%
Abusive Use of These
1 0 1 0 0 2
Methods
%
Discomfort During
3 1 1 0 0 5
Intercourse
%
A Form of Sin 0 2 1 0 0 3
%
No Disadvantage 3 1 1 0 0 5
%
Table 7.4 shows that three (3) of the males said that
it will cause undesirable effects in the body, two (2) said
that it will result to abusive use of these methods and
will result to discomfort during sexual intercourse, one
4
(1) believed in that it is a form of a sin and three (3)
said that there’s no advantage at all. Majority or ten (10)
of the female respondents believed that it will cause
undesirable effects in the body, none of them said that it
will result to abusive use of these methods, three (3) said
that it cause discomfort during sexual intercourse and two
(2) said that it is a form of a sin and that there’s no
advantage at all.

GENDER
PERCEIVED
Male Female TOTAL
DISADVANTAGES
f
8 13 21
N=21
% 38 62 100
Cause Undesirable Effects
3 10 13
on the Body
%
Abusive Use of These
2 0 2
Methods
%
Discomfort During
2 3 5
Intercourse
%
A Form of Sin 1 2 3
%
No Disadvantage 3 2 5
%
4
PERCEPTIONS ABOUT ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS AS A KEY

IN SOLVING NATIONAL PROBLEMS
different demographic characteristics to the perceptions on
the use of artificial contraceptive as a key in solving
national health problems.
Table 8.1 shows that five (5) of the respondents’ ages
15 – 17 years old believed that using artificial
contraceptive methods could help in solving national health
problem while one (1) said that it wouldn’t solve. Nine (9)
of the respondents’ ages 18 – 20 years old said that it can
help solve the national problems while three (3) opposed on
it. Majority of the respondents’ ages 21 – 23 years old
believed that it would help solve the problem.
TABLE 8.1 RESPONDENT’S PERCEPTION ABOUT THE USE OF

ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS AS A KEY IN SOLVING
NATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO AGE
f Cannot
Age % Can Solve % %
n=21 Solve
15-17 6 29 5 1
18-20 12 57 9 3
21-23 3 14 3 0
Total 21 100 17 4
Table 8.2 shows that seventeen of the respondents who
were Roman Catholic believed that it would help in solving
national health problems, three (3) among Born Again
4
Christians and majority among Assemblies of God. While, two
(2) among Roman Catholic and Born Again Christians believed
that it would not be of any help in solving the problems.

NATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
f Cannot
Religion % Can Solve % %
n=21 Solve
Roman Catholic 17 81 15 2
Born Again
3 14 1 2
Christians
Assemblies of
1 5 1 0
God
Total 21 100 17 4
Table 8.3 shows that seven (7) among BSHT students,
five (5) from BSED students, four (4) among BSAT, majority
among BOIM and none among BSA students believed that the
use of artificial contraceptive can help solve national
health problems. While, only one (1) among BSED, three (3)
from the BSA students said that it would not solve.

NATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO COURSE
f Cannot %
Course % Can Solve %
n=21 Solve
BSHT 7 33 7 0
BSED 6 29 5 1
BSAT 4 19 4 0
BSA 3 14 0 3
4
BOIM 1 5 1 0
Total 21 100 17 4
Table 8.4 shows that ten (10) female respondents
answered mostly on using of artificial contraceptive
methods can help solve national health problems while seven
(7) among males. Only one (1) among males and three (3)
among females answered it could not help solve the national
health problems.

NATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO GENDER
f Cannot
Gender % Can Solve % %
n=21 Solve
Male 8 38 7 1
Female 13 62 10 3
Total 21 100 17 4
PERCEPTIONS ABOUT PASSING THE RH BILL
perceptions if it is wise to approve and pass the RH Bill
wherein there will be a solid support to the use of
artificial contraceptives.
Table 9.1 shows that majority of the respondents agree
that RH Bill should be approved to the sense that there
will be promotion to the use of artificial contraceptives.
According to the respondents;
4
“Mayad ron nga maipasa royon nga bill agud

masuportahan it gobyerno it mayad ro pag gamit it
artificial contraceptives agud makontrol ro
populasyon naton.”
(It would be great if the Bill is passed for the
government to freely support the use of
artificial contraceptives.)
Another one said;
“Para indi mag inabo ro tawo ag makontrol ro

pagkalat it sakit.”
(It would be great if the Bill is passed for the
government to freely support the use of
artificial contraceptives.)
Fifty percent (50%) of the respondents from age group
15-17 agree that RH Bill should be approved and another
half of them disagree. They disagree to their reason that
the RH bill will have a bad effect on our morality as
Christians and that nobody can stop the gift of life.
“No. I disagree. Pag napasa to, may masamang

epekto ito sa moral natin. Bilang Kristiyano,
hindi talaga ako pabor dito.”
(No! I disagree. This Bill could affect our
morality. As a Christian, I do not favor this
Bill.)
“No one of us has the right to stop the gift of
life.”
From age group of 18-20, 58.33% approve the passing of RH
Bill and 41.67% do not. And from age group of 21-23, all of
them approve the passing of RH Bill.
4
TABLE 9.1 PERCEPTIONS ABOUT PASSING THE RH BILL ACCORDING

TO AGE
Age f % Approve % Not %

n=21 Approve
15-17 6 29 3 50 3 50
18-20 12 57 7 58. 5 41.67
33
21-23 3 14 3 100 0 0
Total 21 100 13 8
Table 9.2 shows that 70.59% of Roman Catholics are in
favor of passing the RH Bill and 29.41% are not. 33.33% of
Born Again Christians approve the passing of RH Bill and
Religion f % Approv % Not %

n=21 e Approve
Roman 17 81 12 70.5 5 29.41
Catholic 9
Born Again 3 14 1 33.3 2 66.67
Christians 3
Assemblies 1 5 0 0 1 100
of God
Total 21 100 13 8
66.67% disapprove. And 100% disapprove the passing of RH
Bill.

TO RELIGION
5
Table 9.3 shows that 100% of BSHT students approve the
passing of RH Bill. Thirty-three and thirty-three percent
(33.33%) of BSED students approve the passing of RH Bill
and
66.67% disapprove. Fifty percent (50%) of BSAT students
approve the passing of RH Bill and also 50% disagree.
Thirty-three and thirty-three percent (33.33%) of BSA
students approve the passing of RH Bill and 66.67%
disapprove. All of the BOIM students approve the passing of
RH Bill.

TO COURSE
5
Table 9.4 shows that majority or 62.5% of males and
61.54% of females approve the passing of RH Bill. And 37.5%
of males and 38.46% of females disapprove the passing of RH
Bill.
Table 9.4 shows that majority or 62.5% of males and
61.54% of females approve the passing of RH Bill. And 37.5%

Course f % Approv % Not %
n=21 e Approve
BSHT 7 33 7 100 0 0
BSED 6 29 2 33.3 4 66.67
3
BSAT 4 19 2 50 2 50
BSA 3 14 1 33.3 2 66.67
3
BOIM 1 5 1 100 0 0
Total 21 100 13 8
of males and 38.46% of females disapprove the passing of RH
Bill.

TO GENDER
5
PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE CHURCH AGAINST THE RH BILL
Gender f % Approve % Not %

n=21 Approve
Male 8 38 5 62.5 3 37.5
Female 13 62 8 61.54 5 38.46
Total 21 100 13 8
varying perceptions about the church against the RH Bill.
Table 10.1 shows that 33.33% of ages 15-17, 25% of
ages 18-20, and 33.33% of ages 21-23 say that the church is
just doing the will of God according to the Bible.
“Siguro syempre bilang mga alagad it simbahan,

ginasunod malang nanda ro will ni God. Anda ta
ron nga paniniwala. And we should just respect
kung ano andang beliefs.”
(Maybe as members of the church, they’re just
following the words of God. It is one’s own
belief which we should respect.)
Two of ages 15-17 or 33.33% and four (4) or 33.33% of
age group 18-20 say that the church should not meddle with
the activities of the government.
“Labas ta dapat ro simbahan karon. Kita man

gihapon malisdan diba kung indi gid a ma control
ro populasyon naton.”
5
(The church should be out of the government’s

plans. It is us who will still suffer if the
population’s not controlled.)
“Kunta, indi eon mag pakialam ro simbahan ay ro

gobyerno eon gani ro gausoy it paagi para ma
solbar ro problema it atong nasyon. Dapat
suportahan lang nanda di ba. Kung mag inabo ta ro
atong populasyon hay maski sanda man siguro
malisdan man.”
(The church should not meddle with the activities
of the government for they just want to solve our
national problem. We should just all support
their endeavor.)
Sixteen and sixty-seven percent from age group 15-17
and 33.33% from age group 18-20 say that the church is
definitely right.
“Indi gidman dapat magsuporta ro simbahan. Ay

makaapekto ra sa atong moral. Mas kapin pa gani
ma promote ro premarital sex sa RH bill ngaron.”
(The church should not support the RH Bill. It
could affect our morality and will further
promote premarital sex.)
“Hindi RH bill ang sagot sa mga problema natin.”

(RH Bill is not the answer to our problems.)
Sixteen and sixty-seven percent from age group 15-17
and 33.33% from age group 21-23 say that the church and
government should just talk and find other ways in solving
our country’s problems.
“Dapat karon hay storyahan lang nanda ag isip

sanda ron it mas epektibo nga solusyon para sa
mga problema naton.”
5
(They should just talk it over and think of other

solutions for our problems.)
Eight and thirty-three percent from age group 18-20
and 33.33% from age group 21-23 believe that the government
has its own reason for such action and the church has its
own reason for opposing and has nothing more to say.
“May kanya kanya mat-a siguro sandang mga rason

karon dun. Duyon eang.”
(Maybe they just have their own reasons. That’s
all.)
TABLE 10.1 PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE CHURCH AGAINST THE RH BILL

ACCORDING TO AGE GROUPS
Perceptions about 15-17 18-20 21-23 TOTAL

the Church against
the RH Bill
f 6 12 3 21
N=21
% 29 57 14 100
The Church is Just 2 3 1
Doing the Will of 6
God According to
the Bible
% 33.33 25 3.33
5
The Church 2 4 0 6
Should Not
Meddle with the
Activities of the
Government
% 33.33 33.33 0
The Church is 1 4 0 5
Definitely Right
% 16.67 33.33 0
They Should Just 1 0 1 2
Talk and Find
Other Ways
% 16.67 0 33.33
They Just Have 0 1 1 2
Their Own
Reasons
% 0 8.33 33.33
Table 10.2 shows the relationship of the respondents’
perception about the church against the RH Bill and
religion. It presents that 29.41% of Roman Catholics and
33.33% of Born Again Christians say that the church is just
doing the will of God according to the bible. Thirty-five
5
and twenty-nine percent of Roman Catholics say that the
church should not meddle with the activities of the
government. Seventeen and sixty-four percent of Roman
Catholics, 33.33% of Born Again Christians and 100% of
Assemblies of God say believe that the church is definitely
right and should firmly stand against RH Bill. Eleven and
seventy-six percent of Roman Catholics say that the
government and church should just talk and find other ways
in solving our country’s problems. Five and eighty-eight
percent of Roman Catholics and 33.33% of Born Again
Christians believe that that the government has its own
reason for such action and the church has its own reason
for opposing and has nothing more to say.
5

ACCORDING TO RELIGION
Perceptions about Roman Born Assemblies TOTAL

the Church against Catholic Again of God
the RH Bill Christians
f 17 3 1 21
N=21
% 81 14 5 100
The Church is Just 5 1 0
Doing the Will of 6
God According to
the Bible
% 29.41 33.33 0
The Church 6 0 0 6
Should Not
Meddle with the
Activities of the
Government
% 35.29 0 0
The Church is 3 1 1 5
Definitely Right
% 17.64 33.33 100
They Should Just 2 0 0 2
Talk and Find
Other Ways
% 11.76 0 0
They Just Have 1 1 0 2
Their Own
Reasons
% 5.88 33.33 0
perceptions about the church against RH Bill and the course
that they take. It presents that 14.29% of BSHT students,
50% of BSED students, 25% of BSAT students, and 33.33% of
BSA students believe that the church is just doing the will
of God according to the bible. Fifty-seven and fourteen
5
percent of BSHT students, 25% of BSAT students, and 33.33%
of BSA students believe that the church should not meddle
with the activities of the government. Fourteen and twenty-
nine percent of BSHT students, 50% of BSAT students 33.33%
of BSA students and 100% of BOIM student perceived that the
church is definitely right and should stand firmly against
the RH Bill. Thirty-three ad thirty-three percent of BSED
students believed that the government and church should
just talk and find other ways in solving our country’s
problems. And 14.29% of BSHT students and 16.67 of BSED
students believe that the government has its own reason for
such action and the church has its own reason for opposing
and has nothing more to say.
5

Perceptions about BSHT BSED BSAT BSA BOIM TOTAL
the Church against
the RH Bill
f 7 6 4 3 1 21
N=21
% 33 29 19 14 5 100
The Church is Just 1 3 1 1 0
Doing the Will of 6
God According to
the Bible
% 14.29 50 25 33.33 0
The Church Should 4 0 1 1 0 6
Not Meddle with the
Activities of the
Government
% 57.14 0 25 33.33 0
The Church is 1 0 2 1 1 5
Definitely Right
% 14.29 0 50 33.33 100
They Should Just 0 2 0 0 0 2
Talk and Find Other
Ways
% 0 33.33 0 0 0
They Just Have 1 1 0 0 0 2
Their Own Reasons
% 14.29 16.67 0 0 0
ACCORDING TO COURSE
perceptions about the church against RH Bill and their
gender. It presents that 37.5% of males and 23.08% of
females believe that the church is just doing the will of
God according to the bible. Twelve and five percent of
males and 38.46% of females believe that the church should
not meddle with the activities of the government. Twenty-
five percent of males and 23.08% of females believe that
the church is definitely right and should stand firm
6
against the RH Bill. Twelve and five percent of males and
7.69% of females believe that the government and church
should just talk and find other ways in solving our
country’s problems. Twelve and five percent of males and
7.69% of females believe that the government has its own
reason for such action and the church has its own reason
for opposing and has nothing more to say.

ACCORDING TO GENDER
6
Perceptions about Male Female TOTAL
the Church against
the RH Bill
f 8 13 21
N=21
% 38 62 100
The Church is Just 3 3
Doing the Will of 6
God According to
the Bible
% 37.5 23.08
The Church 1 5 6
Should Not
Meddle with the
Activities of the
Government
% 12.5 38.46
The Church is 2 3 5
Definitely Right
% 25 23.08
They Should Just 1 1 2
Talk and Find
Other Ways
% 12.5 7.69
They Just Have 1 1 2
Their Own
Reasons
% 12.5 7.69
PERCEPTIONS ABOUT ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES AS FORMS OF

ABORTION
perceptions about artificial contraceptives as forms of
abortion.
Table 11.1 shows that majority of the respondents
believe that the use of artificial contraceptives is not a
form of abortion. According to some of the respondents;
“Diba bukon pa man it bilog ron. Wa pa it baby.”
6
(I think it’s not. Isn’t it not yet developed?

There’s still no baby.)
“Paalin magka abortion karon ay di ba para gani

indi magka unga ro pag gamit karon?”
(How shall abortion happen when it prevents
pregnancy in the first place?)
While some believed that the use of these artificial
contraceptives are definitely forms of abortion. According
to some of the respondents;
“Makasamad gid man sa atong moral ro pag gamit

karon. Pareho man lang ron sa pagkitil it kabuhi
ay ginapigilan ro pag form it life.”
(It could destroy our morality. Preventing life
is as good as killing.)
“Life is supended.”
Table 3.16 presents that 33.33% from age group of
15-17, 33.33% from age group 18-20, and 33.33% from age
group of 21-23 believe that the use of these
contraceptives are forms or may lead to abortion.
Sixty-six and sixty-seven percent from age group of
15-17, 66.67% from age group of 18-20 and 66.67% from
age group of 21-23 believe that artificial
contraceptives are not forms of abortion.
6
TABLE 11.1 PERCEPTIONS ABOUT ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES AS

FORMS OF ABORTION ACCORDING TO AGE GROUPS
Religion f % A Form % Not A %

n=21 of Form of
Abortion Abortion
Roman 17 81 3 17.65 14 82.35
Catholic
Born Again 3 14 3 100 0 0
Christians
Assemblies 1 5 1 100 0 0
of God
Total 21 100 7 14
Table 11.2 shows that only some of the Roman Catholics
believe that artificial contraceptives are not forms or may
lead to abortion. It presents that 17.65% of Roman

Age f %A Form % Not A Form %
n=21 of of
Abortion Abortion
15-17 6 29 2 33.33 4 66.67
18-20 12 57 4 33.33 8 66.67
21-23 3 14 1 33.33 2 66.67
Total 21 100 7 14
Catholics, 100% of Born Again Christians, and 100% of
Assemblies of God believe that artificial contraceptives
are a form of abortion. Eighty-two and thirty-five percent
of Roman Catholics believe that (82.35%) artificial
contraceptives are not form of abortion.

FORMS OF ABORTION ACCORDING TO RELIGION
Table 11.3 shows that most of the respondents studying
different courses believe that artificial contraceptives
6
are not forms or may lead to abortion. It presents that
42.86% of BSHT students, 16.67% of BSED students, 50% of
Course f % A Form of % Not A %

n=21 Abortion Form of
Abortion
BSHT 7 33 3 42.86 4 57.14
BSED 6 29 1 16.67 5 83.33
BSAT 4 19 2 50 2 50
BSA 3 14 1 33.33 2 66.67
BOIM 1 5 0 0 1 100
Total 21 100 7 14
BSAT students, and 33.33% of BSA students believe that
artificial contraceptives are forms or may lead to
abortion. Fifty-seven and fourteen percent of BSHT
students, 83.33% of BSED students, 50% of BSAT students,
66.67% of BSA students and 100% of BOIM students believe
that artificial contraceptives are not forms of abortion.

FORMS OF ABORTION ACCORDING TO COURSE
Table 11.4 presents that 25% of males and 38.46% of
females believe that artificial contraceptives are forms of
6
abortion. Seventy-five percent of males and 61.54% of
females believe that artificial contraceptives are not
forms or may lead to abortion.

FORMS OF ABORTION ACCORDING TO COURSE
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, the
conclusions derived from the findings, and the
recommendations formulated based on the conclusions made.
Gender f % A Form of % Not A %

n=21 Abortion Form of
Abortion
Male 8 38 2 25 6 75
Female 13 62 5 38.46 8 61.54
Total 21 100 7 14
SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS
This study aimed at determining the perceptions of
students studying non-health related courses of Aklan State
University Banga, Campus about the use of artificial
6
contraceptives as one of the health packages in
reproductive health bill.
The respondents were obtained using convenience
sampling.
Specifically, the study sought to determine some data
including the demographic characteristics of the
respondents as well as the commonly known artificial
contraceptive methods, how they acquired knowledge about
it, and some beliefs regarding those contraceptives such as
how effective they think those are as well as the benefits
and the disadvantages that they might get from it and if
the use of those methods could help solving some national
problems.
Their perceptions about the RH bill were also
ascertained, if they agree or not in approving the RH bill
and their reactions about the opposition of the church and
their statement about these contraceptives as forms of
abortion.
The statistical tool employed was mean frequency,
percentage and cross tabulation method.
6
FINDINGS
The findings of the study show that most of the
interviewed students from Aklan State University were
within 18-20 years of age. Majority were Roman Catholics.
Most of them were fourth year students. Randomly, most of
them were BSHT students. Most were females and hundred
percent of them were single.
The respondents know very well about condoms and pills
and little of them know about other contraceptive methods
such as tubal ligation, injectibles, IUD, diaphragm, and
vasectomy. Their knowledge about these whether properly
taught or they just heard about it were mostly from
different sorts of electronic media such as the television,
the radio or the internet. They say that they also learned
from school and as advised or talked about by their friends
and family members and even from health practitioners.
They’ve also read some articles about these contraceptives
from newspapers, magazines and brochures.
They believe that these contraceptives of different
kinds are indeed effective if used properly. They perceived
that these could help control the number of children in the
family thus controlling the population of our country; they
also believe that the use of these contraceptives are
6
beneficial in preventing unwanted and early pregnancies as
well as help control the spread of sexually transmitted
diseases.
Although beneficial, they perceived that some of these
contraceptives could cause undesirable effects to the body
such as allergies and the uncertainty of its use as well as
decreased sensation during intercourse and the possibility
of the abusive use of these methods.
Majority of them believe that the use of these
contraceptives could help solve problems in our country
such as overpopulation leading to more squatter areas, and
unemployment.
Regarding the RH Bill, they perceived that it is wise
to pass and approve this bill to promote the use of
artificial contraception.
About the church’s opposition they’re opinions varied.
Majority believe that the church is just following the will
of God; equally, some believed that opposing the government
would do nothing, instead according to their own opinion
the church should support the government in this matter.
And most of the respondents disagree with the belief of the
6
church that the use of these contraceptives could be a way
or may lead to abortion.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the foregoing findings, the researchers have
concluded that:
1. Majority of the respondents were between 18 to 20
years old with Roman Catholic as the major religious
affiliation. The respondents has varying number in
terms of courses with BSHT having the most number of
respondents and there were more females than males.
7
2. Top three most commonly known artificial
contraceptives were condom as the most familiar of all
followed by pills and then tubal ligation. Ages from
18 to 20 years old had great familiarity with all the
three methods. The Roman Catholics are greatly
familiar with the different methods. All respondents
according to course are greatly familiar with condoms
and pills.
3. The most common sources of information regarding the
different contraceptive methods were from different
broadcast media followed by learned from school and
then as talked about by friends.
4. They believe that these artificial contraceptive
methods were greatly effective with proper use. And
although beneficial in preventing the rapid growth of
population, the respondents are afraid about the
uncertainty of the use of these methods which they say
could cause undesirable effects to the body.
5. Majority of the respondents in accordance to different
demographic data believe that the use of these
contraceptives could help solve problems in our
country such as overpopulation leading to lesser
squatter areas and decreased unemployment.
7
6. They perceived in accordance to all the demographic
data in general that it is wise to pass and approve
the RH Bill in relation to the use of contraceptives
so that there would be freedom in the promotion and
use of these different contraceptives to help control
the rapid growth of our population.
7. About the church's opposition, the reasons were
greatly affected in terms of the respondent's religion
with majority of the Roman Catholics believing that
the church should not meddle with the activities of
the government and the Born Again Christians believe
that the church is definitely right as well as the
Assembly of God.
8. In general, most of the respondents disagree with the
belief that the use of these contraceptives are forms
or may lead to abortion. Except for the two religions, the
Born Again Christians and the Assembly of God which firmly
believe that contraceptive use is definitely a form of
abortion through suspending life.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of the study and conclusion, the
researchers would like to recommend the following:
7
Research Recommendation
The researchers would like to recommend the
replication of this study on different respondents or
likewise improve this study with a larger population and
scope.
Program Reccomendation
The researchers would like to recommend to the Public
Health Office to promote awareness program and give
emphasis on the kowledge dissemination regarding the proper
use, effectiveness, as well as the advantages and
disadvantages of different artificial contraceptive use to
promote confidence for those who are willing to try such
methods.
Likewise to the government, we would like to suggest
and give emphasis that although this study did not
represent the general population of the student body, that
the students has a lot to say regarding the issue about
contraceptive use and that the major factor affecting their
beliefs is their religion.
7
REFERENCES
Internet:
The Philipine Reproductive Health Bill: Where Do you Stand?
http://www.scribd.com/doc/9939806/Philippine-Reproductive-
Health-Bill.
Date Retrieved: October 20, 2010.
7
http://eprints.aston.ac.uk/699/
Date Retrieved: November 10, 2010
Khurram, Moshina, Hafsa, Noah and Wagas;,

http://www.mariestopespk.org/PublicationFiles/91.pdf)
Date Retrieved: October 20, 2010
Zuo, Wu, Li, Xu;

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HBYK200704034.htm
Date Retrieved: October 20, 2010
Santelli, Morrow, Anderson and Lindberg;,

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1931-
2393.2006.tb00067.x/abstract
Date Retrieved: December 6, 2010
Cortina, Berry;
http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/10928
Date Retrieved: December 6, 2010
Richter and Mlambo, 2005)
Date Retrieved: 2005
Netshikwet,
Cortina, 2009)
7
http://www.gmanews.tv/story/207185/pulse-asia-survey-69-of-
filipinos-agree-with-rh-bill
Cortina, Berry
Bautista
December 6, 2010
Book:
Webster's Dictionary, 2000
Oxford Dictionary, 2000

7
Perceptions On The Use Of Artificial Contraceptive Methods

As One Of The Health Packages In Reproductive Health Bill
Among Selected Students Of Aklan State University Banga
Campus School Year 2010-2011
APPENDIX A: Letter to the Respondents
__________________
Date
Dear Sir/Madame,
The undersigned are presently conducting a study for the thesis

titled “Perception On The Use Of Artificial Contraceptive Methods As
One Of The Health Packages In Reproductive Health Bill Of Selected
Students Of Aklan State University Banga Campus School Year 2010-2011”
in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Nursing Research.
In this regard we would like to ask for your assistance by being

one of the respondents for this study.
Your utmost support for this endeavor will be highly appreciated.
Respectfully yours,
Cymil Paul O. Montoya

Rose Anne I. Randoy
Psalm F. Pioquid
Jonas Mari A. Mercurio
Kegel I. Pabroa
Jonna Mae B. Nepomuceno
Noted:
Pia Christine T. Fulgencio, RN

Adviser
Approved:
Sheila A. Mercurio, RN, MN

Dean of the BSN Program

7
Perceptions On The Use Of Artificial Contraceptive Methods As One Of

The Health Packages In Reproductive Health Bill Among Selected Students
Of Aklan State University Banga Campus School Year 2010-2011
APPENDIX B: Letter to OIC-President
__________________
Date
BENNY A. PALMA, PhD

OFFICER IN CHARGE
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned are presently conducting a study for the thesis
titled “Perception on the Use of Artificial Contraceptive Methods as
One of the Health Packages of Reproductive Health Bill of Selected
Students of Aklan State University Banga Campus School Year 2010-2011”
We would like to inform you that randomly selected students from
different courses here in Aklan State University Banga Campus shall
serve as our respondents for the study. We humbly ask for your
permission for the conduction of the said study.
We are hoping for your approval of this request.
Thank you very much and God Bless!
Prepared by:
CYMIL PAUL O. MONTOYA

Group Representative
Noted:
PIA CHRISTINE T. FULGENCIO, RN

Research Adviser
Recommending Approval:
SHEILA A. MERCURIO, RN, MN

Dean, Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program
Approved:
BENNY A. PALMA, Ph.D.

OIC-President

7

APPENDIX C: Interview Guide
Hello, I am ________________________ a BSN 4th year student

from Aklan State University. We are currently conducting a
study about the Perceptions on Artificial Contraceptives as
One of the Health Packages in Reproductive Health Bill of
Selected ASU Banga Campus students. And we would like to
solicit your participation for this study. I would like to
ask you some questions regarding artificial contraceptive
methods and the Reproductive Health Bill. Please be assured
that the information you will share will be treated in great
confidentiality.
Thank you very much.
Date:
Time Started: _________ Time Ended: _______
Name of Interviewer: _________________________
Signature of Interviewee: ____________________
PART I
(DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS)
1. NAME:
2. Age:
15 to 17 _____
18 to 20 _____
21 to 23 _____
24 to 26 _____
3. Religion:
a. Roman Catholic
b. Iglesia ni Cristo
c. Baptist
d. Jehovah’s Witnesses
e. Islam
f. Others: _____________
Course:
a. BSED
7
b. BOIM / AOIM
c. AB
d. BSHT
e. BSAT
f. Others: _____________
4. Year Level:
a. First Year
b. Second Year
c. Third Year
d. Fourth Year
5. Civil Status:
Single: _____
Married: _____
Others: _____
PART II
1. What are the artificial contraceptive methods that you know?
a) Condoms (male or female)
b) IUD
c) Diaphragm
d) Cervical Cap
e) Patch
f) Pills
g) Injectibles
h) Implants
i) Vasectomy
j) Tubal Ligation
k) Others:_____________
2. How did you know about these? (different methods of

artificial contraceptives)
a. School
b. Media (TV/Radio/Internet)
c. Family member
d. Friends
e. Health practitioners
f. Newspapers/ Magazines / Brochures etc.
g. Others:____________________
3. How effective are artificial contraceptives for you? Why do

you think so? (Explain)
8
Very Effective
Moderately Effective
Poorly Effective
Why?______________________________________________________
4. What do you think are the benefits that you can get by
using these?
a. Help control the population: ____

b. Help control the spread of STD: ____
c. Others:
6. Do you think there are disadvantages in using these? What

are those for example?
a. Use of artificial contraceptives can cause undesirable

effects to the body: (example)
_____________________
b. improper use of these methods: __________
c. Others:
7. In relation to the current problems that our country faces

right now, for example: the growing population, poverty and
unemployment, do you think the use of these artificial
contraceptive methods can help in solving these problems? Why
do you say so? (Explain)
Part III
1. What can you say about the issue regarding the Reproductive
Health Bill wherein there will be a solid support to the use
of artificial contraceptives and shall be included in the
regular purchase of essential medicines? Do you think that it
is wise to pass and approve this bill? (Explain)
If yes why?
If no why?
8
2. The religious sector disagrees with this bill and warns the
government about an all out war against it. What can you say?
3. The church say that the use of artificial contraceptives is

somewhat similar or shall lead to abortion. Do you agree with
them?
If yes… Why?
If no… Why?

8

APPENDIX D: Curriculum Vitae
Name: Cymil Paul O. Montoya
Date of Birth: September 9, 1990
Place of Birth: Kalibo, Aklan
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Home Address: 298 L. Barrios Street, Kalibo, Aklan
Mother: Lucy O. Montoya
Father: Ramil P. Montoya
Educational Background
Elementary: Kalibo Pilot Elementary School
School Year Graduated: 2003
Secondary: Regional Science High School For Region VI
College: Aklan State University
Year Attended: 2007-Present
Course: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Name: Psalm F. Pioquid
8
Date of Birth: January 15, 1990
Home Address: Roxas Avenue, Extension Kalibo, Aklan
Mother: Suzette F. Pioquid
Father: Boy Bautista B. Pioquid
Elementary: Aklan Learning Center
Secondary: Sto. Niño Seminary
Name: Rose Anne I. Randoy
8
Date of Birth: January 14, 1990
Home Address: Badiangan, Banga, Aklan
Mother: Rosebella I. Randoy
Father: Juan R. Randoy
Secondary: Aklan Valley High School
Name: Jonna Mae B. Nepomunceno
8
Date of Birth: May 29, 1991
Place of Birth: Balete, Aklan
Religion: 7th Day Adventist
Home Address: Magnolia Street, Andagao Kalibo, Aklan
Mother: Grace B. Nepomuceno
Father: Juanito D. Nepomuceno
Elementary: Andagao Elementary School
Secondary: Aklan National High School for Arts and
Trades
Name: Jonas Mari A. Mercurio
8
Date of Birth: December 25, 1990
Home Address: Vizcarra Subd., Kalibo, Aklan
Mother: Sheila A. Mercurio
Father: Joel R. Mercurio
Secondary: Sto. Niño Seminary
Name: Kegel I. Pabroa
8
Date of Birth: May 10, 1991
Place of Birth: Torralba Banga, Aklan
Home Address: Torralba, Banga, Aklan
Mother: Mercy I. Pabroa
Father: Lope G. Pabroa, Jr.
Elementary: Torralba Elementary School
Secondary: Torralba National High School

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AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Contraceptives, defined as tending or serving to

prevent conception or impregnation (Oxford Dictionary,

2000); a term long opposed of using by the church is

included in the Philippine Reproductive Health Bill.

One of the most talked topics nowadays is the issue

about the Philippine Reproductive Health Bill which

packages several ideas including making contraceptives as

essential medicines. With strong pillars from the

government, its use shall be promoted as well as becoming

available nationwide in national or local hospitals as well

as other government health units.

About 69% of Filipinos according to the Pulse Asia

say if they agree or disagree with this Bill

With information dissemination of different

contraceptive use to different age groups including teens,

alarms the church about the use of this artificial

contraceptives and the RH Bill quoting it and its

supporters as “anti life” (Inquirer.net/natural vs.

artificial birth control).

They are in the belief that passage of the proposed

bill will give children proper knowledge and training in

Reproductive Health which would surely contribute to more

cases of abortion. While the proposed bill endeavor to

consider the present world problem of population growth,

they believe that this should not be remedied through the

introduction of the bill as natural use of birth control

can still be considered the best approach to population

control without resorting to abortion or blocking human

Information to the use of different contraceptive

methods is a major factor to the people’s beliefs regarding

the different methods and is the key to its widespread use;

that’s what the church is trying to prevent and is the

passive method of the government to control the rapid

growth of our population.

This study was done to delve for the different

perceptions of the chosen subjects to know their personal

insights regarding the issue of contraceptive use, the RH

Bill and the opposition of the church.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to determine the perceptions of

students of Aklan State University Banga Campus on the use

of artificial contraceptive methods as one of the health

packages in Reproductive Health Bill.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following

1. What were the socio-demographic characteristics of

2. What were the common artificial contraceptive

methods that they know according to their demographic

3. What were the respondents’ common sources of

information about artificial contraceptives according

to their demographic data?

4. What were the respondents’ beliefs about the

effectiveness, benefits and disadvantages of

artificial contraceptives according to their

5. What were the beliefs of the respondents regarding

artificial contraceptives as key in solving national

problems according to their demographic data?

6. What were the perceptions of the respondents about

the passing and approval of the RH Bill indicating

artificial contraceptives as essential medicines