No.

3/1

Student Personal Identification

Marker Code
Number (SPIN)

Pacific Senior Secondary Certificate

CHEMISTRY
2011
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET
Time allowed: 3 hours

1. This Examination Paper consists of TWO sections. ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS.

MARKS TIME
SECTION A Multiple Choice Questions 40 36 mins
SECTION B Q21: Atomic Structure and Bonding 25 22 mins
Q22: Quantitative Chemistry 28 24 mins
Q23: Organic Chemistry 20 18 mins
Q24: More Organic Chemistry 20 18 mins
Q25: Inorganic Chemistry 21 20 mins
Q26: Oxidation and Reduction 25 22 mins
Q27: Principles of Physical Chemistry 21 20 mins
TOTAL 200 180 mins
2. Write your Student Personal Identification Number (SPIN) on the top right hand corner of
this page and at the top of the fold-out flap on the last page.
3. Write all answers to the Multiple Choice questions on the answer sheet on the FOLD-OUT
FLAP on the last page.
4. In SECTION B, write the answers to the questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
A copy of the Periodic Table of the Elements – Sheet No. 3/2 is provided.
NOTE: The symbol M is used for molar mass.
For example, M(Na) = 23 g mol-1 and M(CO2) = 44 g mol-1

Check that this booklet contains pages 2-29 in the correct order and none of these pages is blank.
Page 30 has been left blank deliberately.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE
EXAMINATION.

TOTAL MARKS 200

 2

SECTION A
(40 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section. Write the LETTERS of the best answers in the
boxes on the fold-out flap provided on the back flap of this booklet. Each question is worth 2
marks.
17
1. The atoms of the isotope of oxygen denoted by 8 O have the composition denoted by which

row of the following table?

No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons

A. 17 8 9
B. 8 8 8
C. 9 9 8
D. 8 8 9

2. Which of the species listed below does not have the electron configuration (main energy
levels) 2, 8, 8?

A. Ar
B. Al3+
C. Cl-
D. Ca2+

3. Which statements about ionic compounds is not correct?

A. They usually have high melting points.
B. The solids are good conductors of electricity.
C. They are generally insoluble in organic solvents.
D. In the solid state a positive ion is held in position by several ions of opposite charge.

4. List the following 0.1molL-1 solutions in order of increasing pH.

a. NaOH b. H2SO4 c. C2H5OH d. HCl

A. b, d, c, a
B. b, d, a, c
C. d, b, c, a
D. d, b, a, c
 3

5. The shape of an isolated PCl5 molecule is likely to be

A. pyramidal.
B. tetrahedral.
C. trigonal planar.
D. trigonal bipyramid.

6. Given the following data:
cH°(CH3OH(l)) = -715 kJmol-1 and M(CH3OH(l)) = 32 g/mol
calculate the maximum possible energy released when three moles of the sample methanol are
completely combusted.

A. 1072.5 kJ
B. 2145 kJ
C. 4290 kJ
D. 6435 kJ

7. The number of moles of C2H6 which contain 30 g of hydrogen is:

M(H) = 1 g/mol M(C) = 12 g/mol

A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6

Use this information to answer question 8.

M(H) = 1 g/mol M(C) = 12 g/mol M(O) = 16 g/mol M(N) = 7 g/mol
M(Na2CO3) = 106 g/mol

8. Which of the following samples contains the greatest number of molecules?

A. 10g H2
B. 10g O2
C. 10g N2
D. 10g H2O

9. If 1.06 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate requires 50.0 mL of hydrochloric acid for

neutralization, the concentration of the acid in molL-1 is:

A. 0.05
B. 0.1
C. 0.2
D. 0.4
 4

10. An aqueous solution containing ONE of the following salts is acidified with a little dilute
nitric acid. When a few drops of barium nitrate solution are added a white precipitate forms.
The original solution contains

A. barium nitrate.
B. barium chlorine.
C. barium sulphate.
D. barium carbonate.

From the key list below, select the compound that best fits the properties given in questions 11
and 12.
KEY LIST
A. Iodine B. Silicon dioxide C. Sodium chloride D. Potassium iodide

11. A coloured solid which melts to give a dark red liquid.

12. A white solid which gives a giant covalent network of atoms.

13. Which of the following compounds is a liquid at room temperature?

A. NaCl
B. SO2
C. Al2O3
D. PCl3

14. The reaction of bromine with acetylene is an example of

A. addition.
B. substitution.
C. esterification.
D. neutralization.

15. The systematic name for the molecule with the following structure is

A. pentanal.
B. pentan-2-ol.
C. pentan-2-one.
D. methyl pent-2-ene.
 5

16. When a mixture of ethanol, ethanoic acid and sulphuric acid is warmed in a test tube

A. a dense purple colour is seen.

B. an orange-brown vapour is seen.
C. a pleasant, sweet vapour is smelt.
D. the mixture separates into two layers.

17. Which of the following statements is correct when applied to the reaction between
magnesium metal and dilute hydrochloric acid?

A. Hydrogen ions are reduced and magnesium is oxidized.

B. Magnesium ions are reduced and chloride ions are oxidized
C. Hydrogen ions are reduced and chloride ions are oxidized.
D. Hydrogen ions are reduced and chloride ions and magnesium ions are oxidized.

18. The fastest reaction between marble (CaCO3(s)) and hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) would take
place between

A. powdered marble and 0.1 molL-1 HCl(aq).

B. powdered marble and 0.2 molL-1 HCl(aq).
C. large lump of marble and 0.1 molL-1 HCl(aq).
D. small lumps of marble and 0.2 molL-1 HCl(aq).

19. If the pH of a sodium hydroxide solution is 10, then the concentration of hydroxide ions,
[OH-] will be
A. 10-2 molL-1.
B. 10-4 molL-1.
C. 10-5 molL-1.
D. 10-10 molL-1.

20. Acetic acid is a weak acid because

A. it does not ionize in water.

B. it is an organic compound.
C. it ionizes in water to only a very small extent.
D. one mole of it will not neutralize one mole of sodium hydroxide.
 6

SECTION B
(160 marks)

Answer ALL seven questions (21-27) in the spaces provided.

If you are unable to calculate a value for a question and need that value in a later question,
select a convenient value and use where needed.

QUESTION 21 Atomic Structure and Bonding (25 marks)

A. 1. Write the electron configuration for the following using s, p, d, f notation.

(i) P (1 mark)

(ii) Zn (1 mark)

(iii) Xe (1 mark)

2. The term ‘Ionisation Energy’ refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an
atom.

(i) Explain why ionization energy tends to increase from Group I to Group VIII.

(2 marks)

(ii) Define the term isotope.

(1 mark)

(iii) Explain why isotopes of the same element show the same chemical properties.

(2 marks)
 7

3. Use the table below to answer parts (i)-(iii).

Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Electronegativity 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0
Chloride NaCl MgCl2 Al2Cl6 SiCl4 PCl3 SCl2 Cl2
Melting point of
801 712 190 -68 -111 -80 -101
chloride (°°C)

(i) Give TWO trends that can be determined from the table above.

(2 marks)

(ii) Explain why the melting point of sodium chloride is much higher than that of
phosphorus trichloride.

(2 marks)

(iii) Predict the bond types of magnesium chloride and sulphur dichloride and give
reasons for your choice.

magnesium chloride

Reason
(2 marks)

sulphur dichloride

Reason
(2 marks)
 8

B. 1. Complete the table, filling in the blanks with the appropriate item(s) from the list
provided below.

List for Column A List for Column B List for Column C

sulphur ionic ionic lattice
hydrogen chloride covalent molecular
copper Van der Waals force macro-molecular
potassium bromide metallic lattice metallic lattice

Column A Column B Column C

Element of compound Type of bonding in the solid Type of crystal
(i)
sodium hydroxide ionic and covalent

(ii)
diamond macromolecular

(iii) (iv)
carbon dioxide

(v)
ionic ionic lattice

(5 marks)
 9

2. Sketch and complete this graph of atomic radii of the alkali metals to show the general
trend of this property down a group of the periodic table.

(2 marks)

3. (i) Describe a test of a physical property which could show a solid to be a metal.

(1 mark)

(ii) Describe a chemical test which would show magnesium is a metal.

(1 mark)

p. 6-9

25
 10

QUESTION 22 Quantitative Chemistry (28 marks)

A. 1. When hydrated copper sulphate is heated it loses its water of crystallization:

CuSO4.xH2O(s) → CuSO4(s) + xH2O(g)

A 2.50 g sample of the hydrated salt was heated to constant mass. This constant mass
was 1.60 g.

(i) Why is it important to heat to constant mass?

(1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the amount of anhydrous copper sulphate.

(1 mark)

(iii) Calculate the mass of water and hence the number of moles of water lost in the
reaction.

(2 marks)

(iv) Determine the value of ‘x’ in the formula CuSO4.xH2O.

M(H) = 1 g/mol M(O) = 16 g/mol M(Cu) = 63.5 g/mol

(2 marks)
 11

2. In 0.4 moles of H2S (hydrogen sulphide):

(i) How many molecules of H2S are present?

(2 marks)

(ii) How many atoms of hydrogen are present?

(2 marks)

3. The reaction between magnesium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid is represented
by the equation:

MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O + CO2

(i) Calculate the molecular mass of carbon dioxide.

(2 marks)

(ii) Calculate the number of molecules of carbon dioxide in 0.2 mole of CO2.

(2 marks)

(iii) Calculate the mass of magnesium carbonate that will be needed to produce 8.8 g of
CO2.

__________________________________________________________ (2 marks)
 12

B. 1. A 2.65 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate was dissolved in water and made up to 500 mL
in a standard (graduated) flask. 20 mL portions of this required 18.5 mL of a solution of
hydrochloric acid when titrated using methyl orange indicator.

(i) Calculate the concentration of the standard sodium carbonate solution in molL-1.
M(Na) = 23 g/mol M(C) = 12 g/mol M(O) = 16 g/mol

(2 marks)

(ii) Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in molL-1.

M(H) = 1 g/mol M(Cl) = 35.5 g/mol

(2 marks)

(iii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen chloride gas which would be present
in 250 mL of this solution.

(2 marks)

(iv) Calculate the mass of gas present in 250 mL of this solution.

M(H) = 1 g/mol M(Cl) = 35.5 g/mol

(2 marks)
 13

C. 1. Name the following pieces of equipment.

(i) _____________________ (ii) ____________________

(2 marks)

(iii) ______________________ (iv) ______________________

(2 marks)

p. 10-13

28
 14

QUESTION 23 Organic Chemistry (20 marks)

A. 1. Name the following organic compounds:

(i) CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3

(ii) CH3CCl(CH3)CH3

(iii) CH3CH2CCH

(iv) CH3CH2CH2OH

(v) CH3CHOCH3

(vi) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO
(6 marks)

2. Explain what is meant by the terms:

(i) unsaturated hydrocarbons

(1 mark)
(ii) branched chain hydrocarbons

(1 mark)

(iii) straight chain hydrocarbons

(1 mark)

(iv) polymerisation

(1 mark)
 15

3. Siaki was given two labeled gas cylinders, A and B. It was known that one cylinder
contained propane and the other contained acetylene. In order to identify them, Siaki
carried out a test with each of the gases. A sample of each gas in turn was bubbled
through separate solutions of bromine.

Br2

A B
propane acetylene

Describe the result of each test.

(i) Gas from cylinder A bubbled in Br2 solution:

(1 mark)
(ii) Gas from cylinder B bubbled in Br2 solution:

(1 mark)
(iii) Write the equation for the reaction which occurred for gas from cylinder B.

(2 marks)

4. Many chloroalkanes are used as monomers in the plastic industry. List any TWO
monomers.

(i)

(ii)
(2 marks)
 16

B. Soap making involves the alkaline hydrolysis of triesters of glycerol. Complete the following
hydrolysis and name the two products formed.

(i) (1 mark)

(ii) (1 mark)

(iii) (1 mark)

(iv) (1 mark)

p. 14-16

20
 17

QUESTION 24 More Organic Chemistry (20 marks)

A. 1. Complete the diagram below by writing the correct names for the parts labeled (i)-(iii).

(i) (1 mark)

(ii) (1 mark)

(iii) (1 mark)

2. During the laboratory preparation of propanal from propan-1-ol:

(i) What is the most likely impurity in the product?

(1 mark)

(ii) How are the products separated?

(1 mark)

(iii) Why is there no similar impurity during the production of propanone from
propan-2-ol?

(1 mark)
 18

B. Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds including glucose which is the
building unit for cellulose and starch. Glucose exists in two forms, cyclic form and an open
chain form as shown in the diagram below.

(i) Name the functional group marked X.

(1 mark)

(ii) When functional group X reacts with Fehling’s solution does it undergo
substitution, addition, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or elimination?

(1 mark)

(iii) What is the original colour of Fehling’s solution?

(1 mark)

(iv) What is the colour of the precipitate that is formed in the reaction in (ii)?

(1 mark)
 19

C. Use the key list below to answer questions (i)-(iv).

KEY LIST
CH3CH2OH CH3COOH C2H4
CH3CHOHCH3 CH3CHO CH3COCH3
CH3COH(CH3)CH3 C4H10 C3H4

(i) Select the compound which is a primary alcohol.

(1 mark)

(ii) The compound in (i) is oxidized to form which compound?

(1 mark)

(iii) Select the compound which is a secondary alcohol.

(1 mark)

(iv) The compound in (iii) is oxidized to form which compound?

(1 mark)

D. The carboxylic acids used to make triacylglycerols, the fatty acids, generally have just one
carboxyl group on an unbranched chain of an even number of carbons.

(i) List any TWO physical properties of fatty acids.

(2 marks)

(ii) Give any difference between vegetable oils and animal fat.

(1 mark)

(iii) Briefly explain why vegetable oils are polyunsaturated.

(1 mark)
(iv) List any TWO common fatty acids.

(1 mark)
(1 mark)
p. 17-19

20
 20

QUESTION 25 Inorganic Chemistry (21 marks)

A. 1. The following table summarises the reactions of a number of pairs of solutions. Several
spaces have been filled with descriptions of what happens when the solutions are mixed.
Fill in the missing descriptions (i)-(iv).

Reacting sodium sodium sodium

solutions chloride sulphate carbonate
(i)
silver a white precipitate of a white precipitate of
nitrate silver sulphate silver carbonate

(ii)
a white precipitate of
barium chloride no reaction
barium carbonate

(iii) (iv)

copper chloride no reaction

(4 marks)

2. (i) When sodium oxide, Na2O is added to water, the solution turns litmus blue. Write
the equation for the reaction of sodium oxide with water.

___________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(ii) Sulphur dioxide, SO2 when added to water, forms a solution which turns litmus red.
Describe this result using your knowledge of the properties of row three oxides.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
 21

B. 1. The equilibrium between nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide is represented by:

2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
H = -54 kJ mol-1

(dark brown) (colourless)

Some of the equilibrium mixture is put into a syringe as shown in the diagram below.

plunger light brown gas mixture blocked end

(i) What would be the effect on the number of molecules of nitrogen dioxide if the
plunger was pushed into the 30 mL mark while the temperature was kept constant?

(2 marks)

(ii) List TWO observations that would be made when the syringe is placed in iced water
to cool it down.

Observation 1: __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Observation 2: __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(4 marks)
 22

2. The reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ PCl5(g) is exothermic at 25°C. Giving brief reasons,
state the effect of the following changes on the equilibrium amount (number of moles) of
PCl5(g) in a closed container.

(i) More Cl2(g) is added to the system at constant temperature.

(2 marks)
(ii) The temperature is increased.

(2 marks)
(iii) The pressure is increased by decreasing the volume at constant temperature.

(2 marks)

C. A solution of hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 3.65gL-1.

Given: M(H) = 1 gmol-1 M(Cl) = 35.5 gmol-1

1. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in molL-1.

(1 mark)

2. Calculate the pH of the solution.

(1 mark)

p. 20-22

21
 23

QUESTION 26 Oxidation and Reduction (25 marks)

A. 1. What observations would be made when the following are reduced?

(i) acidified permanganate ions

(1 mark)

(ii) acidified dichromate ions

(1 mark)

2. Place the following compounds of manganese in order of increasing oxidation number for
manganese.

K2MnO4 MnSO4 KMnO4 MnO2

(1 mark)

3. Write ion-electron half-equations for the oxidation of:

(i) aqueous iron (II) ions

(1 mark)

(ii) zinc metal

(1 mark)

(iii) sulfite ions, SO32-(aq)

(1 mark)
 24

4. Balance the following oxidation or reduction half-reactions.

(i) C2O42- → CO2

____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(ii) MnO4- → Mn2+

___________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(iii) Combine your answers from (i) and (ii) into a fully balanced oxidation-reduction
equation.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
Use the list given below to answer question 5.

SO2(aq) Dilute H2SO4 NH3

Na2SO4 CH3COOH Cr2O72-(aq)

[NOTE: You may use any member of this list more than once.]

5. Select a reagent from the list above that is:

(i) a common oxidizing agent.

_________________________________________ (1 mark)

(ii) a common reducing agent.

________________________________________ (1 mark)

(iii) used to acidify oxidizing agents.

________________________________________ (1 mark)

(iv) neither oxidizing nor reducing agent.

________________________________________ (1 mark)
 25

B. 1. Use the schematic diagram below of a cell membrane which is used for the electrolysis of
concentrated sodium chloride solution to answer questions (i)-(vi).

(i) Write a balanced half-equation that could occur in the anode.

_____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(ii) Write a balanced half-equation that could occur in the cathode.

_____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(iii) Name the gas produced at A.

____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(iv) Name the gas produced at B.

____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(v) Name the product at C.

____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(vi) Name the reactant D which forms the anions in product C.

____________________________________________________ (1 mark)
 26

C. 1. List the following metals in order of decreasing reactivity.

copper, sodium, calcium, aluminium, lead, iron, zinc

(1 mark)

2. Define each of the following.

(i) galvanized iron

(1 mark)
(ii) rusting

(1 mark)
(iii) corrosion

(1 mark)
(iv) alloy

(1 mark)

p. 23-26

25
 27

QUESTION 27 Principles of Physical Chemistry (21 marks)

A. 1. Enthalpy diagram for the combustion of magnesium is shown below.

(i) Represent the information from the above diagram as a balanced equation. Include
the enthalpy change term (
H) with the appropriate sign.

(2 marks)
(ii) What does AB represent in the above diagram?

(1 mark)

2. Erica wishes to calculate the heat change for the following reaction:

NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

(i) Give THREE types of measurements that Erica must make during the experiment
and their typical units.

1. (1 mark)

2. (1 mark)

3. (1 mark)

(ii)
H for this reaction is -98.8 kJmol-1. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?

(1 mark)
 28

3. Calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction of acetylene (C2H2) from its elements:

2C(graphite) + H2(g) → C2H2(g)

The equations and the corresponding enthalpy changes are as follows:

(i) C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g)
H = -393.5 kJ/mol

(ii) H2(g) + ½O2(g) → H2O(l)
H = -285.8 kJ/mol

(iii) 2 C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
H = -2598.8 kJ/mol

________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)

B. Given that 9.2g of ethanol (C2H5OH) burns according to the equation:

C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
H = -1370 kJmol-1

1. Calculate the amount of ethanol that burns.

(1 mark)
2. For this amount of ethanol, calculate
H, the enthalpy of reaction.

(1 mark)
 29

C. Zinc powder reacts rapidly with 2molL-1 hydrochloric acid.

1. List THREE ways of reducing the rate of the reaction.

(i) __________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(ii) __________________________________________________ (1 mark)

(iii) __________________________________________________ (1 mark)

2. Explain ONE of these methods in terms of the collision theory

(1 mark)

D. Complete the following equations:

1. Al(OH)3(s) + HCl(aq) → ____________ + ______________ (2 marks)

2. Al(OH)3(s) + NaOH(aq) → ___________ + ______________ (2 marks)

3. Equations (1) and (2) show aluminium hydroxide acting as a base and as an acid. State the
term used to describe this property.

(1 mark)

p. 27-29

21
 30

This page has been left blank deliberately.

 31

Student Personal
SECTION A Identification Number

ANSWER SHEET

1. 11.

SECTION B
2. 12. (Markers Only)

Q21
3. 13. 25

4. 14.
Q22
28

5. 15. Q23 20

6. 16. Q24
20

7. 17.
Q25 21
8. 18.
Q26
25
9. 19.
Q27
21
10. 20.

SECTION A SECTION B TOTAL

For SECTION A

Number + =
Correct X 2
40 160 200