EDUCATION MINISTRY MALAYSIA

INTEGRATED CURRICULUM SYLLABUSSECONDARY SCHOOL

INNOVATION

PUSAT PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM

KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA
KUALA LUMPUR
2002
INTRODUCTION

The subject of Invention is an elective subject in upper secondary schools based on

technology. The emphasis is on pupils’ creativity. The aim of this subject is to mould
pupils’ creativity, innovation and inventive skills preparing them as future workforce with
informative and positive self image in facing the global technological challenge of the
millennium.

This subject encompasses three dimensions or concepts. They are the mind, skills and
values. In the process of inventing, everything begins with the mind. Any invention starts
with an abstract idea and this idea is translated into sketches. Therefore specific skills
are required to transform these sketches into concrete models or prototypes. In
addition, positive values are imported to ensure quality products.

This subject requires pupils to invent new products or modify existing products to solve
problems and satisfy the needs of the present and future consumers. These innovative
and commercial valued products should come from the pupils’ own ideas guided by
their teachers. The process of inventing involves past experiences from various
disciplines, design and manufacturing technology applications learnt though curiosity,
competitiveness, trial and error which will eventually produce inventors. Knowledge of
intellectual properties including paten and marketing strategies will enable pupils to be
ready to produce commercialized products.

AIM

The aim of this subject is to produce pupils with creative and critical minds; able to
adapt to current technological changes through their inventions and hence contribute to
the development of the country.

OBJECTIVE

The curriculum is to enable pupils to:

1. Understand and apply skills and knowledge in designing and manufacturing

technology to produce innovative and commercial value products.

2. Understand electrical, electronic, basic mechanic and controlled systems in

mechatronic.

3. Use Computer Aided Design (CAD) in the invention of products.

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4. Understand the marketing strategies of the products.

5. Understand the concept of intellectual properties and ways of protecting the

inventions.

6. Document, promote and market the inventions effectively.

7. Practice positive values and sensitive to surrounding problems and current

technology.

8. Encourage inquisitiveness, desire to attempt, competitiveness, cooperation and

conscious of the supremacy of God

CONTENT STRUCTURE

This subject is organized into five learning areas. Each area is sub-divided into various
units which include sub topics and activities. The description and list of units are as
follows

1. Design

This unit enables pupils to understand the historical development of inventions, the
importance of the products and their contributions to the betterment of life. The
invention process starts from identifying problems, modifying models, generating ideas,
transforming them into sketches and finally producing them in the form of functioning
models or prototypes. Illustrations through sketches, drawings and Computer Aided
Design (CAD) enable pupils in designing their own projects.

1.1 Introduction

a. Historical Development Of Invention

b. Inventors And Their Inventions
c. The Importance And Contribution Of The Inventions

1.2 Invention Process

a. Identifying problems
b. Generating ideas
c. Designing projects

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 d. Choosing designs
e. Planning the construction of functioning models or prototypes
f. Constructing functioning models or prototypes
g. Testing and evaluating functioning models or prototypes
h. Modifying functioning models or prototypes

1.3 Illustration

a. Sketches
b. Drawings
c. Project drawings

1.4 Computer Aided Design (CAD)

a. The use of CAD

b. Application of CAD

2. Manufacturing Technology

Pupils are exposed to the manufacturing technology in terms of materials, appliances,

tools, methodology and systems. Understanding of the mechanical, electric, electronic
and control systems would assist the pupils with the designing of their projects.

2.1 Materials

a. Introduction
b. Nature Of Materials
c. Material Specifications

2.2 Appliances, Tools And Methodology

a. Types and functions

b. Technical usage
c. Methodology

2.3 Systems

a. Introduction
b. Mechanical system
c. Electric system

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 d. Electronic system
e. Control system

3. Marketing Strategies

To enable pupils to apply the strategies in marketing their products where by

emphasis is given in the aspects of product, price, promotion and place.

3.1 Product

a. The type and classification of the product

b. The branding of the product
c. The slogan for the product

3.2 Price

a. Objective of price determination

b. Method of price determination

3.3 Promotion

a. Promotion objective
b. Mixed promotion
c. Choice of promotion

3.4 Place

a. Distribution channel
b. Choice of places

4. Intellectual Properties

The pupils are exposed to the importance and types of intellectual properties as well
as procedural matters in applying protection for their inventions.

4.1 Introduction And Types

a. Definition of intellectual properties

b. Types of intellectual properties

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4.2 Protection Of Inventions

a. Types of protection
b. Application for protection
c. paten

5. Documentation

A description of a pupil’s coursework is documented in a folio as part of the subject

requirement which includes ideas and objectives, invention process, material usage and
appliances, suggestions for improvement as well as marketing prospects.

5.1 Introduction

a. Definition of documentation
b. Preparation of documentation

5.2 Format

a. Orderliness of document
b. Neatness