Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
z Show you:
– What net zero energy means
– How we achieved it
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 2
Information in the Presentation
z Repeat information:
– from previous presentations;
z New information:
– from additional performance modelling;
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 3
Objective of Presentation
z See what solar energy and energy efficiency can do
in houses when they are combined
– to leave a legacy…
Service to others…
is the rent you pay for your room here on earth.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca Muhammad Ali 4
My Role…
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 5
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Proponents
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 6
Net Zero Energy Healthy Housing Competition
z CMHC brand:
“EQuilibrium Housing”
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 7
Elements of EQuilibrium Housing
z Health z Resources
– Indoor air quality – Sustainable materials
Emissions
z – Durability
z Thermal comfort – Material efficiency
z Moisture – Water conservation
z Particle control – Adaptability / flexibility
z Ventilation
z Environment
– Daylighting – Land use planning
– Noise control – Sediment and erosion control
– Water quality – Storm water management
– Waste water management
z Energy – Solid waste management
– Annual energy consumption – Air pollution emissions
– Renewable energy strategy z Affordability
– Peak electricity demand – Financing
– Embodied energy strategy – Marketability
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 8
Discussions of EQuilibrium Housing
z Technology z Attributes of House
– Products – Energy
– Performance simulation – Indoor environment (air, water)
– Design – Outdoor environment (water, landscaping)
– Installation – Sustainability, materials
– Operation – Emissions (air, water, land, waste)
– Monitoring – Costs, economics
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 9
Why is it called a
Net Zero Energy Home?
z A home that generates
all its heat and electricity
on an annual basis.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 11
Achieving Net Zero Energy
– the most expensive way…
Purchased Where is it?
Energy
#1 #2 #2
100%
Conventional Inexpensive,
Energy reliable energy
75% efficiency… Add
expensive
renewable
50% energy
Net zero
25%
energy
home
0% Cost: $250k
Renewable
Conventional Efficient Efficient &
Energy
Renewable
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 12
Achieving Net Zero Energy
– the least expensive way…
Purchased
Energy (but…
#1 #2 #3
100% energy
Inexpensive efficiency is
Conventional energy efficiency emotionally
Energy 75% boring)
More
50% expensive
renewable
energy
25%
Cost: $90k to $110k
Net zero
( and decreasing) energy
0%
home
Conventional Efficient
Efficient Efficient&&
Efficient
Renewable
Renewable
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 13
Achieving Net Zero Energy
– the most exciting way…
Purchased
Energy
#1 #2 #3 More
100%
expensive…
Renewable
Conventional yeah, but
energy
Energy 75%
really exciting
Energy
50%
efficiency:
most important,
least expensive
25%
Net zero
0% energy home
Conventional Renewable
Efficient Efficient
Efficient &
&
Energy Renewable
Renewable
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 14
How do you plan
for a net zero energy house?
z Minimise
the heating and electricity consumption of the house
– The cheapest energy option
z Maximise
solar energy contribution to the house’s heating and
electricity supply
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 15
Design Challenge:
Where is the point where we decide between using more EE
z We know: and using more RE?
– the goal is net zero energy…
– we need large amounts of energy efficiency (EE)
and large amounts of renewable energy (RE).
Small amounts of
inexpensive energy efficiency
Cost of
NZE home
Require large amounts of
expensive renewable energy
Optimum cost point…
Cost of home’s Where is it?
renewable energy
Cost of home’s
efficiency energy
??
Amount of energy efficiency or renewable energy needed to achieve net zero energy
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 16
The Design Challenge:
Is it possible to achieve NZ energy?
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 17
Integrated Design Process
1.
Orientation
& shape
6. 2.
Material Site
selection design
7.
Envelope
design 3.
5.
Heating & Lighting,
cooling daylighting
& electricity
4.
Ventilation
8.
Quality
assurance © 1994-2008 Teresa Coady
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 18
Bunting Coady Architects, Vancouver
Energy Flows – Standard Home
Home’s envelope
(walls, ceiling, floor, windows, doors)
Heat
– all windows lights, ventilation air
electrical (forced plus natural ventilation)
equipment
Any solar power Electricity Heat loss from
or wind power?? waste water
Electricity used
outside the home
===============================
Why does a home have an
Natural gas So, we need some heat
electricity bill and a natural gas bill?
and we need some electricity.
imported from grid
Because its on-site production of
From where do we get it?
Coal and natural gas electricity and heat is not sufficient to meet
its electrical and heating requirements and so it
electricity imported needs to import energy from the grids.
from grid
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
© 1982-2008 Gordon Howell
19
Howell-Mayhew Engineering, Edmonton
Energy Flows – Riverdale NetZero Home
Home’s envelope
(walls, ceiling, floor, windows, doors)
Passive solar for
home heating Heat loss through
– all windows envelope
Active solar heat Heat loss from
for water and home ventilation air
(forced plus natural ventilation)
Re
33% - ne
wa
ble
En
erg
y
55 to 58 62 to 65 68 78-79 80 to 82 90 100 EnerGuide
Today’s Approx.
R-2000 /
Maximum
Net Zero Rating
Average EnergyStar Energy
New Performance Performance
Performance
Housing with Efficiency Alone
– 1/3 reduction
– 2/3 reduction
1970s 1990s Built Green
homes homes Gold ecoENERGY
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 21
Riverdale NetZero Energy Home
z duplex z Garage: 1 regular car or 4 Smart cars
2
z 1844 ft per unit z integrated with city
from downtown
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 22
Riverdale NetZero Energy Home
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 23
Main Floor
K Garage
Deck
Garage
B
B
K
DR
LR
LR
Entrance
DR Deck
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 24
Upper Floor
B
Nook
Nook
MB B
BR
BR
BR
BR
MB
Balcony
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 25
Order of Priorities
for Achieving a Net Zero Energy Home
- cheapest to most expensive
}
z Active solar thermal for household water heating…???
Heating
z Active solar thermal for home heating…???
technologies
z Solar air heating… ???
z Geothermal heat pump…???
z
z
Solar photovoltaics…???
Microwind…??? } Electricity
technologies
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 26
#1. Electrical Efficiency
z Energy Efficient Appliances
– Stove/oven, refrigerator, clothes dryer, clothes washer
– Using the most efficient EnerGuide rated appliances
Insulation:
– ceiling: R-100 R-28 to 34 R-12
– walls: R-56 R-20 R-8
– basement walls: R-54 R-8 (upper part) nothing
– basement floor: R-24 nothing nothing
(405 mm,
16 inches)
Expanded
polystyrene
insulation (R8)
Isocyanurate
Insulation (R13)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 33
Height of attic hatch shows
the depth of Ceiling
the attic Insulation
insulation to achieve R-100
(690 mm,
27 inches)
Attic hatch
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 34
High Performance Windows
South windows
3-glazings
R-7.3
East/west
windows
3-glazings
R-8.3
z Soft low emissivity coatings
z Argon gas between the glazings
z “Warm edge” spacer
z Insulated fibreglass frames North windows
z Manufactured by Duxton, 4-glazings
Winnipeg R-10
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 35
2007 June 9
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 36
Results: Heat Loss
at Winter Design Conditions
Riverdale NZE 90s house 70s house
EnerGuide rating:
(building envelope efficiency) 86 62 to 65 55 to 58
(Built Green Gold = 78, 79)
(R-2000 = 80 to 82)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 37
#4. Passive Solar
Home Heating
z 16.9 m2 of south glazing
= 10% of floor area
z EnerGuide rating: 93
(electricity efficiency, passive solar)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 38
#5. Active Solar Water Heating
combined system
#6. Active Solar Home Heating
z 7 Zen collectors – high-efficiency flat-plate collectors
(21 m2) – mounted on a vertical tilt
– to maximise winter solar gain
– to eliminate snow cover
– to maximise reflected solar energy
z 300 litres – hot water storage – water heating
+ 17 000 litres – warm water storage in basement – home heating
z EnerGuide rating: 96
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 39
17,000 Litre Solar
Storage Tank
Concrete
tank
Some insulation
Heat
7w exchanger
4s
13a
Solar
Pump 8h
14a
Fan-coil
Fan- Heated
coil 10f supply air
pump to house
7h
5h
4s 9f Home heating
11f (This shows concept.
17,000 litre Actual design is slightly
water-filled 6h modified.)
solar heat
storage 12 kW electric
1s tank top-up water heater
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 42
Solar assist
heat pump
(This shows concept.
Actual design is
slightly modified.)
2 1
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 43
Air heat recovery
6s ventilator 7f
Cool stale
house air 5 Cold fresh
Cold fresh air
exhausted outside
drawn air
from
to outside outside 4s
Warm stale
house air
8f drawn from
bathrooms
Warm fresh
Cold air and kitchen
outside air
supplied to return
house 1a
3a
Heated
fresh air to
all rooms
in house
2a
Fan-coil
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 47
PV Array Installation
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 48
Wire Service Provider's
electricity distribution lines
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 53
How about Cooling?
z Very small cooling requirements…
z Passive cooling:
– Ventilation through openable windows,
– Shading on the south windows,
– Low solar heat gain coefficient (tinting) on the east and west
windows.
z Active cooling:
– Ground loops under the garage and next to the foundation
zprovide a very small amount of cooling to the fan coil and
to the solar assist heat pump
– Using the solar heating system as an active solar cooling
system?
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 54
What we did not use…
z Insulated concrete forms (ICF)
– great products,
– more expensive than RNZ wall,
– did not give us the R-value we needed,
– very high embodied energy and
manufacturing emissions.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 55
What we did not use…
z Radiant floor heating
– great system,
– more expensive than RNZ low-speed forced air heating,
– not necessary – duplicates existing air distribution system,
– did not see an advantage in comfort – we are already going to
be comfortable with our warm walls, warm windows, no drafts,
and even temperature.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 57
Why use expensive electricity instead
of cheap natural gas?
z If we supplied our backup heat from natural gas,
we would only be need 4.6 GJ worth of heat, which would mean
we would need to burn 4.9 GJ of natural gas to get this heat.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 58
Other options
to consider on next houses
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 59
22,970 kWh Home heating energy Water heating energy Electrical energy
[kWh] [kWh] [kWh]
RNZ with conventional construction
{
reduced by passive solar and internal Electricity $1226
gains (people and electricity) bill home
subscription fees
= $214 /year
}
$1070 Natural gas
bill subscription fees $1012
= $348 /year Energy Bills energy Electrical
costs efficiency
Heating efficiency (2007 prices)
36% Internal gains
savings (electricity and people) 42%
Conventional
$722 home $716
energy $688 44% Passive solar Water efficiency
costs heating
$594 + Heat recovery
57% Active $502
$457 Active solar
solar heating Solar
heating PV
$340 Solar
Solar
PV $259 PV
$246 88%
87% energy
Supplementary costs 100% $166
100% 76% 95%
heating: $109 $137 natural bill
natural gas gas gas elec $0 bill $62 $8 $0 costs
gas
gas electricity -$48
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
Costs: $25k none ??? $16k $7.5k $2.5k $8k $1k $2k $35k61
Home heating Water heating Electrical energy
emissions [kg] emissions [kg] emissions [kg]
RNZ with conventional construction
Conventional
home
6250 kg 7540 kg
Heating efficiency
GHG Emissions Electrical
Internal gains efficiency
(electricity and people) Conventional
water heating 52%
3620
53% Passive solar Water efficiency
savings heating + Heat recovery
{
construction home
Sub.
fees Summary
Energy efficiency, $562
Energy efficiency, Energy
internal gains,
heat recovery $ 1979 internal gains, efficiency,
heat recovery internal gains,
heat recovery
Passive solar
Passive solar heating Passive solar
heating 42% heating
Active
$ 1464 solar
52%
Active heating Active solar
solar $ 1228 heating
65% 61%
heating
savings
67% 6,300 68%
14,300 $902
$850
76% Solar 5,100 71%
Solar
$665 $636 PV 4,000
9,800 PV
86% Solar
PV
Supplementary 5,600 94%
heating: 102% natural natural
$166 gas gas gas elec. 103%
natural gas gas elec. -620 gas gas gas elec.
-$48 Green power value: -510
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
Capital costs: $30k $24k $44k $385 $152 $122 $113 63
-$12
Preliminary Cost Numbers
Socialism collapsed because it did not allow the market to tell the economic truth. Øystein Dahle
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
Capitalism may collapse because it does not allow the market to tell the ecological truth. Exxon Norway 64
NZE Home Energy Supply Options
– preliminary cost comparison
Several competing options:
Conclusion:
z Energy efficiency pays off very quickly
z Many opportunities to develop innovative technologies, strategies and
commercial capacity to achieve net zero energy.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 65
Why Net Zero Energy…
Why not just buy Green Power?
z Very important question
– Resource depletion
(natural gas, coal, fields, wildlife, plants,
plus clean ground water, clean river water, clean air, clean ground)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 66
Net Zero Energy… or Green Power?
Strategy: Riverdale NZE Same home except with standard construction,
home plus Green Power to offset all energy emissions
Annual energy bill $162 $2,625
Additional annual $0 For natural gas heating emissions: $204
Green Power costs $0 For coal & natural gas elec. emissions: $181
Annual 0 kg For heating: (originally 8500 kg) unchanged
GHG air emissions 0 kg For electricity: (orig. +7550 kg) now -8500 kg
Annual resource 0 m3 Natural gas for heating: (3000 m3) unchanged
depletion 0 m3 Natural gas for electricity: (+530 m3) now -500
(water not included) 0 kg Coal for electricity: (+2040 kg) now -1910
Additional home $85k to $110k $0
construction costs
Time to accomplish 18 to 24 Now… with a phone call and credit card to a
NZ emissions goal months Green Power supplier
Who supplies a NZ 2? Edmonton ENMAX, Bullfrog Power, and ??
emissions home? home builders
Who can buy a NZ People who Most everyone,
emissions home? want one
www.riverdalenetzero.ca regardless of economic means 67
Landscaping
• All about much more than energy
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 70
In designing and building the house,
what have we learned so far?
z Likely we do not need to have a heat distribution system!
– Standard ventilation system can be used to distribute any additional heat that
the rooms need in addition to the house
z Make the house “grey water ready” so that when you want to add a grey
water heat recovery system in the future, you will be ready for it.
z Use more passive solar space heating and make sure it is controlled well.
z The design, installation and control points for the active solar space
heating system are quite complex.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 71
Barriers and Opportunities
– where policies need to facilitate change
instead of blocking the changes…
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 72
Financial Contributions
z CMHC EQuilibrium Housing Initiative
– $10k towards additional required design charrette,
– $50k (roughly $25k towards additional required monitoring, project
reporting and $25k towards some of the design and construction costs)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 73
Want to Learn More?
z Riverdale NetZero presentations, workshops, tours
– www.riverdalenetzero.ca
– Send us your e-mail address so we can keep in touch with you.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 74
Public Tours
z When: TBA
z Time: TBA
z Format: Open house, come and go as you please
z Where: at the house, 9924 - 87 Street
(just north of river, west of Dawson Bridge)
z What to see: Solar heating system, solar power system, high performance
windows, highly insulated walls and construction details,
air tightness + ventilation with air heat recovery, sustainable
materials, energy and water efficient appliances, drain water
heat recovery.
Discover details, ask questions, and learn for your own house.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 75
103A Ave
City Hall
95 Street
Dawson
Bridge
87 Street
From River
Valley Road Low Level Bridge
House:
From 99 Street
9924-87 St
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 76
What can you do?
– Becoming Ready for NetZero in a New House!
z Make your house as energy efficient and solar friendly as possible!
z House orientation
– roof lines from SW to SE
z Landscaping
– Well-placed trees
– Deciduous trees on the south
z Sustainable Materials
– See Green Alberta (www.greenalberta.ca)
z Landscaping
– See The Urban Farmer (www.theurbanfarmer.ca)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 79
What can you do?
– Solar Energy in an Existing House!
z There is a lot of research and information already
available for you.
z Solar Energy
– Tap the Sun passive solar design book from CMHC
– Solar Energy Society – Northern Alberta Chapter
(www.solaralberta.ca)
– Canadian Solar Industries Association (www.cansia.ca)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 81
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Energy and Water Design –
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 83
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Financial, Economics –
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 84
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Marketing –
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 85
Riverdale NetZero Team
–Technology Transfer –
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 86
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Technology Partners –
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 87
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Management, Events, Logistics –
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 88
…we hold our childrens' future in our hands
Edmonton
Phone: +1 780 484 0476
E-mail: ghowell@hme.ca
©1995-2008
Photo credits: Gordon Howell,
Peter Amerongen, Max Amerongen
and several others
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 89