Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 89

RiverdaleNetZeroProject

– One of Canada’s First 12 NetZero Energy Homes –

Gordon Howell, P.Eng.


Howell-Mayhew Engineering © 2008
Edmonton
Phone: +1 780 484 0476 E-mail: ghowell@hme.ca
Focus of Presentation

z Tell you about the house

z Show you:
– What net zero energy means

– How we achieved it

– What we’ve learned

z Answer some frequently asked questions

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 2
Information in the Presentation
z Repeat information:
– from previous presentations;

– to introduce people to the house who have not known


about it.

z New information:
– from additional performance modelling;

– today’s construction costs;

– new ways of presenting concepts.

z There continue to be changes in the information:


– as we learn more about the house and its costs and
performance more accurately.

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 3
Objective of Presentation
z See what solar energy and energy efficiency can do
in houses when they are combined

z To empower you to get ready for the energy and


environmental issues coming upon us:
– to reduce your electricity and gas bills;

– to reduce your environmental footprint;

– to increase your energy security;

– to leave a legacy…

Service to others…
is the rent you pay for your room here on earth.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca Muhammad Ali 4
My Role…

z I am a solar system project developer


z I am not an equipment supplier
z I have no vested interest in any technology

z My interest is that you choose wisely


– with your eyes wide open
– based on the facts and whether it is right for you
or not.

z We are open for questions, challenges…

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 5
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Proponents

z Peter Amerongen Habitat Studio and Workshop


– designer, builder, developer

z Andy Smith, P.Eng. Solnorth Engineering


– consultant, structural engineer, passive solar heating

z Gordon Howell, P.Eng. Howell-Mayhew Engineering


– consultant, electrical engineer, solar PV, performance monitoring

z Plus 45 additional team members…

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 6
Net Zero Energy Healthy Housing Competition

z 72 teams across Canada indicated their interest to CMHC in 2006 July.

z 20 were selected to design the project in 2006 August.

z 12 were selected to build their proposed project in 2006 October:


– Quebec – 3 projects (Verdun, Eastman, Hudson)
– Ontario – 3 projects (2 in Toronto, 1 in Ottawa)
– Manitoba – 1 project (Winnipeg)
– Saskatchewan – 1 project (Prince Albert)
– Alberta – 4 projects (Edmonton, 2 in Red Deer, 1 in Calgary)

z CMHC brand:
“EQuilibrium Housing”
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 7
Elements of EQuilibrium Housing
z Health z Resources
– Indoor air quality – Sustainable materials
Emissions
z – Durability
z Thermal comfort – Material efficiency
z Moisture – Water conservation
z Particle control – Adaptability / flexibility
z Ventilation
z Environment
– Daylighting – Land use planning
– Noise control – Sediment and erosion control
– Water quality – Storm water management
– Waste water management
z Energy – Solid waste management
– Annual energy consumption – Air pollution emissions
– Renewable energy strategy z Affordability
– Peak electricity demand – Financing
– Embodied energy strategy – Marketability

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 8
Discussions of EQuilibrium Housing
z Technology z Attributes of House
– Products – Energy
– Performance simulation – Indoor environment (air, water)
– Design – Outdoor environment (water, landscaping)
– Installation – Sustainability, materials
– Operation – Emissions (air, water, land, waste)
– Monitoring – Costs, economics

z Technology Transfer z Organisation of Society


– Communication – Policy
– Awareness – Infrastructure
– Education – Industrial capacity
– Training – Incentives
– Demonstration – Subsidies
– Marketing – Remove competing subsidies

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 9
Why is it called a
Net Zero Energy Home?
z A home that generates
all its heat and electricity
on an annual basis.

z It still uses energy…


z but it gets all its energy
from renewable sources (usually solar)

Net zero is just the dividing line between


– net deficit (when your house needs energy from the grid
because it doesn’t generate enough), and
– net surplus (when the environment is better off
because your house exists).
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 10
The Net Zero Energy Target!

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 11
Achieving Net Zero Energy
– the most expensive way…
Purchased Where is it?
Energy
#1 #2 #2
100%

Conventional Inexpensive,
Energy reliable energy
75% efficiency… Add
expensive
renewable
50% energy

Net zero
25%
energy
home

0% Cost: $250k
Renewable
Conventional Efficient Efficient &
Energy
Renewable

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 12
Achieving Net Zero Energy
– the least expensive way…
Purchased
Energy (but…
#1 #2 #3
100% energy
Inexpensive efficiency is
Conventional energy efficiency emotionally
Energy 75% boring)

More
50% expensive
renewable
energy
25%
Cost: $90k to $110k
Net zero
( and decreasing) energy
0%
home
Conventional Efficient
Efficient Efficient&&
Efficient
Renewable
Renewable

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 13
Achieving Net Zero Energy
– the most exciting way…
Purchased
Energy
#1 #2 #3 More
100%
expensive…
Renewable
Conventional yeah, but
energy
Energy 75%
really exciting

Energy
50%
efficiency:
most important,
least expensive
25%

Net zero
0% energy home
Conventional Renewable
Efficient Efficient
Efficient &
&
Energy Renewable
Renewable

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 14
How do you plan
for a net zero energy house?

z Minimise
the heating and electricity consumption of the house
– The cheapest energy option

z Maximise
solar energy contribution to the house’s heating and
electricity supply

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 15
Design Challenge:
Where is the point where we decide between using more EE
z We know: and using more RE?
– the goal is net zero energy…
– we need large amounts of energy efficiency (EE)
and large amounts of renewable energy (RE).
Small amounts of
inexpensive energy efficiency
Cost of
NZE home
Require large amounts of
expensive renewable energy
Optimum cost point…
Cost of home’s Where is it?
renewable energy
Cost of home’s
efficiency energy
??
Amount of energy efficiency or renewable energy needed to achieve net zero energy
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 16
The Design Challenge:
Is it possible to achieve NZ energy?

z An average house uses:


– Around 6 times more heating fuel energy
than electricity!

– Biggest challenge is not in supplying


household electricity…

– Instead … it is in supplying home heating!

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 17
Integrated Design Process

1.
Orientation
& shape

6. 2.
Material Site
selection design
7.
Envelope
design 3.
5.
Heating & Lighting,
cooling daylighting
& electricity
4.
Ventilation
8.
Quality
assurance © 1994-2008 Teresa Coady
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 18
Bunting Coady Architects, Vancouver
Energy Flows – Standard Home
Home’s envelope
(walls, ceiling, floor, windows, doors)

Heat loss through


envelope
Passive Any
solarsolar
for
heating
space heating?? Appliances, Heat loss from

Heat
– all windows lights, ventilation air
electrical (forced plus natural ventilation)
equipment
Any solar power Electricity Heat loss from
or wind power?? waste water
Electricity used
outside the home
===============================
Why does a home have an
Natural gas So, we need some heat
electricity bill and a natural gas bill?
and we need some electricity.
imported from grid
Because its on-site production of
From where do we get it?
Coal and natural gas electricity and heat is not sufficient to meet
its electrical and heating requirements and so it
electricity imported needs to import energy from the grids.
from grid
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
© 1982-2008 Gordon Howell
19
Howell-Mayhew Engineering, Edmonton
Energy Flows – Riverdale NetZero Home
Home’s envelope
(walls, ceiling, floor, windows, doors)
Passive solar for
home heating Heat loss through
– all windows envelope
Active solar heat Heat loss from
for water and home ventilation air
(forced plus natural ventilation)

Solar photovoltaics Appliances, lights,


electrical equipment Heat loss from
(PV) for electricity waste water
Electricity used
===============================
The first key outside the home
=============================== to net zero energy housing ===============================
Coal and natural gas
The third key is toZero
Net control
Goal: Surplus
The secondsolar
key
to net zero energy housing the electricity usage…
electricity
is to maximiseimported
and control
Electricity imported from grid to netelectricity
zero energy housing
minus is to minimise and control
from
the energy grid
gains… Electricity exported to grid exported to grid
the heat loss…
=
Zero when added up over the year
© 1982-2008 Gordon Howell
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 20
Howell-Mayhew Engineering, Edmonton
Efficiency & Renewables to Get to Net Zero
High EnerGuide numbers become
100% - En more expensive to reach
Energy e rg
Consumption yE – because increasing amounts of
ffic
(% compared to ie nc the energy savings are wasted
average new
construction) 67% - y in the summer.

Re
33% - ne
wa
ble
En
erg
y
55 to 58 62 to 65 68 78-79 80 to 82 90 100 EnerGuide
Today’s Approx.
R-2000 /
Maximum
Net Zero Rating
Average EnergyStar Energy
New Performance Performance
Performance
Housing with Efficiency Alone
– 1/3 reduction
– 2/3 reduction
1970s 1990s Built Green
homes homes Gold ecoENERGY

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 21
Riverdale NetZero Energy Home
z duplex z Garage: 1 regular car or 4 Smart cars
2
z 1844 ft per unit z integrated with city

z 3 bedrooms bus transportation


z Faces SSE z walking distance

from downtown

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 22
Riverdale NetZero Energy Home

Solar PV system for


electricity
Active solar heating
system for water
and home heating
Passive solar for
home heating
– all windows

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 23
Main Floor

K Garage
Deck
Garage
B
B
K

DR

LR

LR
Entrance
DR Deck

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 24
Upper Floor

B
Nook
Nook
MB B

BR
BR
BR

BR
MB

Balcony
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 25
Order of Priorities
for Achieving a Net Zero Energy Home
- cheapest to most expensive

z Electrical fixtures and appliances – electrical Ultra-high


z
z
Water fixtures and appliances
Building envelope
– water
– heating } efficiency
technologies

z Passive solar home heating…???

}
z Active solar thermal for household water heating…???
Heating
z Active solar thermal for home heating…???
technologies
z Solar air heating… ???
z Geothermal heat pump…???

z
z
Solar photovoltaics…???
Microwind…??? } Electricity
technologies
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 26
#1. Electrical Efficiency
z Energy Efficient Appliances
– Stove/oven, refrigerator, clothes dryer, clothes washer
– Using the most efficient EnerGuide rated appliances

z Energy Efficient Lighting


– compact fluorescents, LEDs
– task lighting
– day lighting through windows

z Energy Efficient Motors


– ventilation, heating

z Control of Phantom Electrical Loads

z Uses only 4500 kWh (about $500 per year)


(conventional is 9058 kWh, about $1000 per year)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 27
#2. Water Efficiency + Heat Recovery
z To reduce consumption of water and
the energy used to heat it
z Household hot water consumption:
– average: 225 L per day
– Riverdale: 100 litres of hot water per day
z Low flow shower heads
and faucets
z Water conserving
dishwasher
z Water conserving
clothes washer

z Drain water heat recovery


– reduces water heating to
equivalent of 90 L/d
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 28
#3. Energy Efficiency
– most important
Riverdale NZE 90s house 70s house
Wall construction: double 2x4 single 2x6 single 2x4

Insulation:
– ceiling: R-100 R-28 to 34 R-12
– walls: R-56 R-20 R-8
– basement walls: R-54 R-8 (upper part) nothing
– basement floor: R-24 nothing nothing

Windows: 3-glazed (S, E, W) 2-glazed 2-glazed


4-glazed (N)
low-e, argon gas

Air leakage rate: 0.5 AC/hour 4 to 6 AC/hour 5 to 7 AC/hour


Ventilation system: with heat recovery none none
80% efficient
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 29
Outside of wall
Wall Construction
and Insulation
z Double-stud 2x4
– Easily able to be reproduced
by home builders
Inside
of wall (405 mm,
16 inches)
z Cellufibre insulation
– Recycled newspapers
– Low embodied energy
– Locally produced
– Sequestered carbon
– Not a hydrocarbon product

– Walls: 400 mm (R- 56)


– Ceiling: 690 mm (R-100)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 30
Outside of wall Inside of wall

Wall detail and AVB

Space for cellufibre


insulation

(405 mm,
16 inches)

Polyethylene air Air barrier is on


barrier stub the warm side of
(as per building code) the inside stud
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 31
Space for the window’s
structural support
Window Header Framing
plus lotsDetails
of insulation

Need insulation here, not wood, but


also need structural support for window
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 32
Basement Wall Insulation
50% fly-ash
concrete

Expanded
polystyrene
insulation (R8)

Isocyanurate
Insulation (R13)

Space for cellufibre insulation (R33)

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 33
Height of attic hatch shows
the depth of Ceiling
the attic Insulation
insulation to achieve R-100

(690 mm,
27 inches)

Attic hatch
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 34
High Performance Windows

South windows
3-glazings
R-7.3

East/west
windows
3-glazings
R-8.3
z Soft low emissivity coatings
z Argon gas between the glazings
z “Warm edge” spacer
z Insulated fibreglass frames North windows
z Manufactured by Duxton, 4-glazings
Winnipeg R-10
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 35
2007 June 9

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 36
Results: Heat Loss
at Winter Design Conditions
Riverdale NZE 90s house 70s house

Floor area: 1844 ft2 1500 to 1800 1500 to 1800

Heat loss at –32°C: 6.6 kW 20 to 26 kW 29 to 35 kW


(22,400 BTU/h) (70,000 to 90,000) (100,000 to 120,000)
_____________________________________________________________
# of 4-slice toasters 4 12 to 15 17 to 21
to heat the house (or 6 hair dryers) (18 to 22) (24 to 30)
at –32°C at night

EnerGuide rating:
(building envelope efficiency) 86 62 to 65 55 to 58
(Built Green Gold = 78, 79)
(R-2000 = 80 to 82)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 37
#4. Passive Solar
Home Heating
z 16.9 m2 of south glazing
= 10% of floor area

z Provides daylight to further reduce


electricity consumption

z 20,000 kg thermal mass


– Feature wall
– Concrete counter tops
– Extra drywall

z EnerGuide rating: 93
(electricity efficiency, passive solar)

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 38
#5. Active Solar Water Heating
combined system
#6. Active Solar Home Heating
z 7 Zen collectors – high-efficiency flat-plate collectors
(21 m2) – mounted on a vertical tilt
– to maximise winter solar gain
– to eliminate snow cover
– to maximise reflected solar energy
z 300 litres – hot water storage – water heating
+ 17 000 litres – warm water storage in basement – home heating

z Drainback system – water-based


– does not use glycol

z May include a very small solar-assist


heat pump (3/4 T)

z EnerGuide rating: 96
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 39
17,000 Litre Solar
Storage Tank
Concrete
tank

Some insulation

Tank with partial R50 insulation


www.riverdalenetzero.ca (walls and ceiling, R20 under floor)40
Solar thermal collectors
Qty: 7
Brand: Conergy from Belgium
Gross area: 3.1 m2 each, 21 m2 total
3s
2s
Drain water heat
recovery unit
Household
Solar water heating
Pump 6w (This shows concept.
5w Actual design is slightly modified.)
Water
Mains

Heat
7w exchanger
4s

17,000 litre Household


hot water
water-filled 8w 9w
solar heat loads
storage 12 kW electric
top-up water heater
1s tank
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 41
Solar thermal
collectors
Cool
return air
from house
3s 12a
2s

13a
Solar
Pump 8h
14a
Fan-coil
Fan- Heated
coil 10f supply air
pump to house

7h
5h
4s 9f Home heating
11f (This shows concept.
17,000 litre Actual design is slightly
water-filled 6h modified.)
solar heat
storage 12 kW electric
1s tank top-up water heater

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 42
Solar assist
heat pump
(This shows concept.
Actual design is
slightly modified.)

Very small, ¾ T capacity


(like a large fridge)

z Makes the solar collectors


more efficient in winter
- cools storage tank faster

z Allows more heat to be


drawn from the solar tank
- about 600 kWh

z Provides cooling in the


summer, if needed

2 1
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 43
Air heat recovery
6s ventilator 7f
Cool stale
house air 5 Cold fresh
Cold fresh air
exhausted outside
drawn air
from
to outside outside 4s
Warm stale
house air
8f drawn from
bathrooms
Warm fresh
Cold air and kitchen
outside air
supplied to return
house 1a
3a
Heated
fresh air to
all rooms
in house
2a
Fan-coil

Standard air ventilating system


with heat recovery
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 44
Heating System
Return air at
z Forced air outside of wall
z Uses ventilation system that is
already required by the house
z Low-speed fan – very quiet Heat and air
z Gives uniform room temperatures supply vents to
centre of rooms

z Can do this because the walls


and windows have such high
R-values and so:
– the walls and windows will be
warmer; and
– the rooms will need such little
www.riverdalenetzero.ca amounts of heat. 45
#7. Solar Electric
Power System
called “photovoltaics” or PV
z 28 Sanyo high efficiency (17%) 200 W PV modules (Japan)
– 33 m2, 5600 W in bright sunshine
– Solar array is mounted at 53°tilt to:
z minimise snow cover, and
z maximise annual electricity production

z SMA Sunny Boy 6000W


grid-dependent inverter (Germany)
z No battery bank
z Exports to grid every day of the
year (even cloudy days)

z EnerGuide rating: 100.4

(surplus of 580 kWh/year)


www.riverdalenetzero.ca 46
PV Array
Installation

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 47
PV Array Installation

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 48
Wire Service Provider's
electricity distribution lines

How can you


Import kWh
meter generate
PV Array electricity into
1
Export kWh
kWh
DC
your house
meter
2 and also
3 Inverter back into the grid?
4
AC This is by far the most
common configuration for
a grid-connected solar
power system.
All electrical circuits in a house or building There is no battery bank.
©1995-2008
Solar energy is the ultimate in wireless nuclear fusion
… where the fusion generator is very safely stored 150,000,000 km away!
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 49
Wire Service Provider's
electricity distribution lines

Import kWh What happens


meter
during a
PV Array
Export
1 power outage?
kWh
kWh
meter DC
2 The inverter senses that
there is a power outage
3 Inverter and turns itself off.
4
AC When power returns it
turns itself on
automatically.

All electrical circuits in a house or building


©1995-2008
People who say it cannot be done
… should not interrupt those who are doing it.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca George Bernard Shaw 50
How does "net metering" work?
Energy Retailer ("net metering" means "running your meter backward")
& Wires Service - as solar power system owners see it
Provider Exported electricity is carried to neighbour without extra
carriage fees, and displaces the electricity that would Electricity
have been otherwise provided by the Energy Retailer. distribution lines
3

1 kWh 1 kWh 1 kWh Neighbour pays the ER and


Electricity 2 PV system owner runs the meter the WO full fees for the
4
paid in full 1 backwards, sending the previously electricity and its delivery.
imported electricity back for full
Import Export credit. In effect, the PV system
owner stores the Energy
Retailer's electricity but without Ordinary kWh
kWh charging any storage fee. kWh meter
Ordinary kWh meter
(goes both ways)

PV system owner Neighbour

1 kWh supplied, 1 kWh paid for ©1995-2008


www.riverdalenetzero.ca 51
How does net billing work?
Energy Retailer
& Wires Service Some Wire Service Providers have meter data management fees
Provider that are quite high relative to the value of the electricity delivered
($2 to $10 fees per day to deliver 40¢ to $1.50 worth of electricity). Electricity
Its time we work together to resolve this.
distribution lines
3
Energy Retailer sells it to
1 kWh 1 kWh 1 kWh the neighbour for full
Electricity 1
2
AESO pays the provincial export price for retail price.
paid in full the electricity. Since this electricity 4
exists on the grid at this
Import Export
customer point, the Energy
Retailer, in effect, swaps this
electricity with the AESO in Ordinary kWh
kWh exchange for the electricity that kWh meter
its own supplier would have
generated.
Bidirectional
kWh meter
Net billing permits exported electricity
to be valued at any price, such as:
- a discounted wholesale price, Neighbour
- a price equal to the import price, or
- a premium feed-in (green) price.
PV system owner
1 kWh supplied, 1 kWh paid for ©1995-2008
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 52
2008 January 03

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 53
How about Cooling?
z Very small cooling requirements…

z Passive cooling:
– Ventilation through openable windows,
– Shading on the south windows,
– Low solar heat gain coefficient (tinting) on the east and west
windows.

z Active cooling:
– Ground loops under the garage and next to the foundation
zprovide a very small amount of cooling to the fan coil and
to the solar assist heat pump
– Using the solar heating system as an active solar cooling
system?

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 54
What we did not use…
z Insulated concrete forms (ICF)
– great products,
– more expensive than RNZ wall,
– did not give us the R-value we needed,
– very high embodied energy and
manufacturing emissions.

z Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)


– great products,
– more expensive than RNZ wall,
– is a hydrocarbon product.

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 55
What we did not use…
z Radiant floor heating
– great system,
– more expensive than RNZ low-speed forced air heating,
– not necessary – duplicates existing air distribution system,
– did not see an advantage in comfort – we are already going to
be comfortable with our warm walls, warm windows, no drafts,
and even temperature.

z Window shutters (inside or outside)


Concerns with:
– condensation, air sealing,
– rattling, effective R-value,
– would they be used consistently?,
– cost.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 56
What we did not use…
z Evacuated tube solar collectors (ETC)
– great technology,
– more expensive than flat-plate collectors,
– concerned about durability.

z Geothermal Heat Pump (GTHP)


– great technology,
– was a possibility,
– did consider it,
– could still be a good option if we did not
have an active solar space heating system.

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 57
Why use expensive electricity instead
of cheap natural gas?
z If we supplied our backup heat from natural gas,
we would only be need 4.6 GJ worth of heat, which would mean
we would need to burn 4.9 GJ of natural gas to get this heat.

z This would cost us:


– $42 for the gas (= $40 to heat the house and $2 to heat the water)
– plus $348 for the annual service charges
– for a total of $390 per year.

z Natural gas: $390 for 4.6 GJ of heat = $84 /GJ.

z Electricity: $145 for 4.6 GJ of heat at $31 /GJ.

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 58
Other options
to consider on next houses

z Solarwall air pre-heating

z Solarwall air heating to recover heat from solar PV system

z Very small geothermal heat pump

z Recycling grey water in the house

z Solarwall pre-heat to clothes dryer

z Drying cabinet (as supplement to clothes dryer)

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 59
22,970 kWh Home heating energy Water heating energy Electrical energy
[kWh] [kWh] [kWh]
RNZ with conventional construction

Heating efficiency: Energy Consumption


building envelope and (preliminary numbers)
mechanical systems

Internal gains Conventional home


(electricity and people) Conventional
home
53%
savings Water efficiency Electrical
Passive solar + Heat recovery 9060 efficiency
heating kWh
8250
66% kWh
Active
Active solar
7890 solar heating
heating Solar
Solar 52%
85% Solar PV
PV
PV 4350
75%
95% 100% 107%
2060 98%
0 100% -620
Heating: natural gas------------- electricity------ natural gas------ electricity-------
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 60
surplus
Home heating bill Water heating costs Electricity bill
RNZ with conventional construction,
Conventional

{
reduced by passive solar and internal Electricity $1226
gains (people and electricity) bill home
subscription fees
= $214 /year

}
$1070 Natural gas
bill subscription fees $1012
= $348 /year Energy Bills energy Electrical
costs efficiency
Heating efficiency (2007 prices)
36% Internal gains
savings (electricity and people) 42%
Conventional
$722 home $716
energy $688 44% Passive solar Water efficiency
costs heating
$594 + Heat recovery
57% Active $502
$457 Active solar
solar heating Solar
heating PV
$340 Solar
Solar
PV $259 PV
$246 88%
87% energy
Supplementary costs 100% $166
100% 76% 95%
heating: $109 $137 natural bill
natural gas gas gas elec $0 bill $62 $8 $0 costs
gas
gas electricity -$48
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
Costs: $25k none ??? $16k $7.5k $2.5k $8k $1k $2k $35k61
Home heating Water heating Electrical energy
emissions [kg] emissions [kg] emissions [kg]
RNZ with conventional construction
Conventional
home
6250 kg 7540 kg

Heating efficiency
GHG Emissions Electrical
Internal gains efficiency
(electricity and people) Conventional
water heating 52%
3620
53% Passive solar Water efficiency
savings heating + Heat recovery

2960 kg Active Active


remaining solar 2240 kg
66% solar heating
heating
2100 Solar Solar
PV PV
Solar
85% 85% PV
Supplementary 75% 94%
915 936 100% 100% 107%
heating: natural 130
0 560 0
natural gas gas gas elec gas -510
gas electricity Helps to restore
www.riverdalenetzero.ca the environment 62
Total fossil energy use Total energy bill Total emissions
RNZ with 16,040
40,300
conventional $ 2541 Conventional home Conventional
kWh kg

{
construction home
Sub.
fees Summary
Energy efficiency, $562
Energy efficiency, Energy
internal gains,
heat recovery $ 1979 internal gains, efficiency,
heat recovery internal gains,
heat recovery
Passive solar
Passive solar heating Passive solar
heating 42% heating
Active
$ 1464 solar
52%
Active heating Active solar
solar $ 1228 heating
65% 61%
heating
savings
67% 6,300 68%
14,300 $902
$850
76% Solar 5,100 71%
Solar
$665 $636 PV 4,000
9,800 PV
86% Solar
PV
Supplementary 5,600 94%
heating: 102% natural natural
$166 gas gas gas elec. 103%
natural gas gas elec. -620 gas gas gas elec.
-$48 Green power value: -510
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
Capital costs: $30k $24k $44k $385 $152 $122 $113 63
-$12
Preliminary Cost Numbers

z Wall energy efficiency: $4 to 4.50 /ft2 extra

z Energy efficiency: $20k to $30k


z Solar thermal: $25k to $30k
z Solar electricity: $40k to $50k

z Total additional cost: ~$85k to $110k


Total house cost: ~$244 /ft2

Socialism collapsed because it did not allow the market to tell the economic truth. Øystein Dahle
www.riverdalenetzero.ca
Capitalism may collapse because it does not allow the market to tell the ecological truth. Exxon Norway 64
NZE Home Energy Supply Options
– preliminary cost comparison
Several competing options:

z Solar PV with standard construction: $245 k


z Solar PV, standard construction,
plus all energy and water efficient appliances: $216 k

z Solar PV, solar thermal, energy/water efficiency,


plus geothermal heat pump: $110 k
z Solar PV plus all energy efficient building envelope: $104 k
z Riverdale NZE house: $98 k
z Solar PV, all energy efficiency, geothermal heat pump: $92 k
All combinations of solar heating, solar PV, and
geothermal heat pump are within ~$20k of each other.

Conclusion:
z Energy efficiency pays off very quickly
z Many opportunities to develop innovative technologies, strategies and
commercial capacity to achieve net zero energy.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 65
Why Net Zero Energy…
Why not just buy Green Power?
z Very important question

z Does energy matter?


– No!!! (but it is exciting to relate to and talk about…)

z What really matters is:


– Environmental degradation
caused by the exploration, production, operation, transmission,
distribution, maintenance and administration of natural gas and
coal resources
(through air, water and land emissions, plus destruction of wildlife
and plant habitat)

– Resource depletion
(natural gas, coal, fields, wildlife, plants,
plus clean ground water, clean river water, clean air, clean ground)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 66
Net Zero Energy… or Green Power?
Strategy: Riverdale NZE Same home except with standard construction,
home plus Green Power to offset all energy emissions
Annual energy bill $162 $2,625
Additional annual $0 For natural gas heating emissions: $204
Green Power costs $0 For coal & natural gas elec. emissions: $181
Annual 0 kg For heating: (originally 8500 kg) unchanged
GHG air emissions 0 kg For electricity: (orig. +7550 kg) now -8500 kg
Annual resource 0 m3 Natural gas for heating: (3000 m3) unchanged
depletion 0 m3 Natural gas for electricity: (+530 m3) now -500
(water not included) 0 kg Coal for electricity: (+2040 kg) now -1910
Additional home $85k to $110k $0
construction costs
Time to accomplish 18 to 24 Now… with a phone call and credit card to a
NZ emissions goal months Green Power supplier
Who supplies a NZ 2? Edmonton ENMAX, Bullfrog Power, and ??
emissions home? home builders
Who can buy a NZ People who Most everyone,
emissions home? want one
www.riverdalenetzero.ca regardless of economic means 67
Landscaping
• All about much more than energy

• All about beauty, nature, low


maintenance, fresh secure food…

• Native and low water plants


• Rain water collection
• Minimal lawn
• Ron Berezan
www.riverdalenetzero.ca TheUrbanFarmer.ca 68
Sustainable Materials, Air Quality
z Use materials that: Sustainable materials database:
– Had low manufactured energy GreenAlberta.ca
– Are cleanly manufactured
– Have low transportation energy
– Are highly durable

– Have high recycled content, are recyclable


z Uses feature beams
recycled from liquor store
z Uses siding from the old house for finish
exterior around the windows

– Have low off-gassing of VOC’s


(volatile organic compounds)
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 69
Construction Waste
z Most efficient (?) framer in Edmonton
– Reduces framing waste
– Uses roughly the same amount of wood as an
Plastic identical non-efficient home
Cardboard
z Recycle most of the building construction wastes
– Sorted into bins on site
– Bins placed next to curb so that neighbours
can take what they would find useful

Firewood Useable scrap wood RhinoBag.ca

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 70
In designing and building the house,
what have we learned so far?
z Likely we do not need to have a heat distribution system!
– Standard ventilation system can be used to distribute any additional heat that
the rooms need in addition to the house

z Make the house “grey water ready” so that when you want to add a grey
water heat recovery system in the future, you will be ready for it.

z Use more passive solar space heating and make sure it is controlled well.

z The design, installation and control points for the active solar space
heating system are quite complex.

z Solar electric power is a very easy and flexible technology, though


expensive.

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 71
Barriers and Opportunities
– where policies need to facilitate change
instead of blocking the changes…

z LOTS of work to be done here…


– Re-organisation of society’s energy and development priorities

z Green loans – interest rates easily block energy efficiency and


renewable energy options

z Changes to fossil fuel energy tariff and subsidy structure:


– Elimination of utility bill monthly connection charges
– Full-cost accounting for fossil fuel health care and environmental costs
– Remove substantial subsidies on fossil fuels
– Remove industrial-scale fees and taxes on renewable energy

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 72
Financial Contributions
z CMHC EQuilibrium Housing Initiative
– $10k towards additional required design charrette,
– $50k (roughly $25k towards additional required monitoring, project
reporting and $25k towards some of the design and construction costs)

z Habitat Studio & Workshop


– $35k project management fee (in kind)

z Solar Energy Society of Canada – Northern Alberta Chapter


– $12k towards design charrette
– Strong partnership in technology transfer and public education

z In-kind professional time and volunteer team


– likely worth $200k on this first-time house

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 73
Want to Learn More?
z Riverdale NetZero presentations, workshops, tours
– www.riverdalenetzero.ca
– Send us your e-mail address so we can keep in touch with you.

z Solar Energy Society of Canada – Northern Alberta Chapter


– www.solaralberta.ca

z Trimline Renewable Energy Training Centre


– renewable energy training courses
– www.TrimlineDesignCentre.com

z Eco-Solar Home Tour – 2nd Saturday in June


– www.ecosolar.ca

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 74
Public Tours
z When: TBA
z Time: TBA
z Format: Open house, come and go as you please
z Where: at the house, 9924 - 87 Street
(just north of river, west of Dawson Bridge)

z Cost: Free, no need to register


z Duration: Would take about an hour to see

z What to see: Solar heating system, solar power system, high performance
windows, highly insulated walls and construction details,
air tightness + ventilation with air heat recovery, sustainable
materials, energy and water efficient appliances, drain water
heat recovery.

Discover details, ask questions, and learn for your own house.

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 75
103A Ave
City Hall

95 Street

Dawson
Bridge

87 Street

From River
Valley Road Low Level Bridge

House:
From 99 Street
9924-87 St
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 76
What can you do?
– Becoming Ready for NetZero in a New House!
z Make your house as energy efficient and solar friendly as possible!

z House orientation
– roof lines from SW to SE

z Amount of solar collection area


– Area of south windows
– Area of roof
– Roof tilt angle

z Landscaping
– Well-placed trees
– Deciduous trees on the south

z Space from basement to attic


– Conduit for electrical cables
– "Chase" for 2 solar hot water pipes
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 77
What can you do?
– Energy Efficiency in an Existing House!

z Make your house as energy efficient as possible!

z Get an energy audit done on your house – it is a roadmap


of what can be done
– See www.energyexperts.ca and www.atcoenergysense.com

z Replace your incandescent light bulbs (6 month payback)

z Replace your ancient fridge

z Change out your standard efficiency furnace to a high


efficiency one
– 14 year payback (at 0% loan rate),
– 18 years if standard loan at 7%.
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 78
What can you do?
– Energy Efficiency in an Existing House!
z Make your house as energy efficient as possible!

z Lots of energy information is available


– “Keeping the Heat In” from CMHC
– Energy Solutions Alberta (www.energysolutionsalberta.com)

z Eco-Solar Contacts and Services List for Alberta


– e-mail ghowell@hme.ca and ask for a copy

z Sustainable Materials
– See Green Alberta (www.greenalberta.ca)

z Landscaping
– See The Urban Farmer (www.theurbanfarmer.ca)

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 79
What can you do?
– Solar Energy in an Existing House!
z There is a lot of research and information already
available for you.

z Solar Energy
– Tap the Sun passive solar design book from CMHC
– Solar Energy Society – Northern Alberta Chapter
(www.solaralberta.ca)
– Canadian Solar Industries Association (www.cansia.ca)

z Trimline Renewable Energy Training Centre


– www.trimlinedesigncentre.com on 67 Ave, 99 Street
– Courses in solar power, solar heating, microwind, biodiesel,
straw bale, geothermal, carbon busting
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 80
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Architectural Design –

z Habitat Studios & Workshop Peter Amerongen


Bruce Watt
z Manasc Isaac Architects Shafraaz Kaba
z U of Calgary Environmental Design Tang Lee
z Ron Wickman Architect Ron Wickman
z architect Peter Bull

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 81
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Energy and Water Design –

z Habitat Studios & Workshop Peter Amerongen


z Solnorth Engineering Andy Smith
Dan Langford
z Saskatchewan Research Council Robert Dumont
z Howell-Mayhew Engineering Wil Mayhew
Gordon Howell
z Hydraft Development Services David Morrow
z chemical engineer Phillip Mees
z Alberta Research Council Chris Astle
Kazimierz Szymocha
z mechanical engineering EIT Mikhael Horvath
z The Urban Farmer Ron Berezan
www.riverdalenetzero.ca 82
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Communication –

z Taylor Munro Energy Systems Peg Keenleyside


z Manasc Isaac Architects Shafraaz Kaba
z Habitat Studio and Workshop Michel Barrier
z specialist consultant Max Amerongen
z Pembina Institute Kristin Zarowny
z Climate Change Central Helen Corbett
z graphics and media Natasha Goudar
Scott Harris
z documentation Joanne Moffat
z Howell-Mayhew Engineering Gordon Howell

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 83
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Financial, Economics –

z Climate Change Central Simon Knight

z Servus Credit Union Gail Stepanik-Keber


Richard Zolkiewski

z Anielski Management Mark Anielski

z ATCO Gas Walter Dunnewold

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 84
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Marketing –

z Planet Organic Markets Mark Craft

z Lincolnberg Homes Lewis Nakatsui

z Alberta Research Council Dean Richardson

z realtor Leslee Greenaway

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 85
Riverdale NetZero Team
–Technology Transfer –

z Solar Energy Society of Canada – Northern Alberta Chapter


Rob Harlan

z Telus World of Science Max Scharfenberger

z NAIT Peggy MacTavish


Greg Peters

This is not just about building a house…


it is about helping society to prepare for
the energy and environmental issues around us…

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 86
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Technology Partners –

z Green Door Builders Adam Larsen


z Taylor Munro Energy Systems Joe Thwaites
Morgan McDonald
z Conergy Mark Cuglietta
z EarthNet Geothermal Doug Nelson
z Threshold Energies Leigh Bond
z Trimline Design Centre Harold Verburg
z Green Alberta Stephani Carter
z City of Edmonton, Environment Brenda Osborne
z CanCell Industries
z Duxton Windows

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 87
Riverdale NetZero Team
– Management, Events, Logistics –

z Hicklin Consultants Janne Hicklin

z Kitska Designs Lorie Saito

z design charrette Teresa Chilkowich

z electrical engineer Richard Caldwell

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 88
…we hold our childrens' future in our hands

But will they want to live…


…in what we are giving to them?

Gordon Howell, P.Eng.


Howell-Mayhew Engineering

Edmonton
Phone: +1 780 484 0476
E-mail: ghowell@hme.ca
©1995-2008
Photo credits: Gordon Howell,
Peter Amerongen, Max Amerongen
and several others

www.riverdalenetzero.ca 89

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi