TDLS Gas Analyzer

Combustion Analysis

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 Combustion Control Goals

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Combustion Analysis – TDLS

TruePeak TDL Enables

-Measurement in/near combustion
zone
Concentration - Before CO levels are reduced
Variations -Fast Response
-5 seconds
-High Sensitivity for CO
-<10 ppm
-CH4 Measurement for Safety
-Burner Coverage
Oxygen
Oxygen +
+ Gas
Gas Temperature*
Temperature* - Cross burner measurement to
catch CO and CH4 breakthrough
CO
CO +
+ CH4
CH4 +
+ H2O*
H2O*
-O2/CO Measurement
“Matching”
-Same location, same conditions
*Gas Temperature and H2O
measurement capability are
application dependant, contact
Yokogawa
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 Efficiency Measurements

– Primary combustion efficiency measurement. Easy to use for control

Oxygen – Typically also used as safety measurement

– Ideal set point measurement (for excess air) - adjustment -

CO – Pre-cursor to combustibles breakthrough

FUEL RICH AIR RICH
20 EFFICIENCY LOSSES
NOx “VIOLATIONS”

CO &  16
NOx
Combustibles
12 EFFICIENCY
CO2
8
UNSAFE
CO “VIOLATIONS” 4 IDEAL
CO2 EXCURSIONS O2
EFFICIENCY LOSSES

‐20 ‐10 0 10 20
% EXCESS AIR

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 Measurement Needs
Efficiency & Emissions
–O2/CO to minimize excess air, maximize efficiency
and reduce emissions

Fuel rich burner conditions

–CO levels increase as a precursor to hydrocarbon
breakthrough

Burner flame out

–Temperature drops rapidly*
–Hydrocarbons (methane) increase rapidly
–Oxygen increases rapidly
–Moisture drops rapidly*

Process tube leaks

–Moisture may increase (steam cracking)*
–Hydrocarbons increase (methane)
–Oxygen may not change significantly
–Temperature may not change significantly*
–CO may not change significantly

*Consult Yokogawa for Temperature, and H2O .

These are application dependant
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 Simultaneous TDLS measurement of O2 + CO
Operator Test. Adjust O2 downward to cause CO breakthroughs.

4500
4500 4.5
4.5
Second breakthrough. Operator increases
O2 and CO goes down.
4000
4000 44

3500
3500 3.5
3.5

3000
3000 33

2500
2500 2.5
2.5
TDL
TDLCO
COppm
ppm
TDL
TDLO2
O2%%
2000
2000 22

1500
1500 1.5
1.5
First breakthrough. Operator increases
O2 and CO goes down. Its Reproducible
1000
1000 11

500
500 0.5
0.5

00 00
11 13
13 25
25 37
37 49
49 61
61 73
73 85
85 97
97 109
109121
121133
133145
145157
157169
169181
181193
193205
205217
217229
229241
241253
253265
265277
277289
289

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 Conclusion

TDLS measurements can provide combustion diagnostics not

possible before:

• CO measurement with cross firebox coverage

• Average O2 value from one analyzer
• O2/CO Matching for control
• CH4 and gas temperature measurements at high speed and
across the firebox

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