Angles of a polygon

POLYGON:-A polygon is a 2-dimensional closed shape with straight sides.

In this section we will revise the properties of polygons.
Regular and irregular polygons:-
1The simplest polygon is a triangle (a 3-sided shape).
2Polygons of all types can be regular or irregular.
3A regular polygon has sides of equal length,
and all its interior angles are of equal size.
4Irregular polygons can have sides of any length and angles of any size.
5Here are the names of some common polygons:
* regular triangles and regular quadrilaterals have special names.
* All other regular polygons are simply termed 'regular pentagon',
'regular hexagon' etc.
 REGULAR POLYGON
TYPE SIDES INTERIOR SUM OF EACH SUM OF
ANGLE INTERIOR EXTERIOR EXTERIOR
ANGLES ANGLE ANGLES
(n-2)×180°
Triangle 3 60O 180 O 120O 3(120O)
Quadrilateral 4 90O 360 O 90O 4(90O)
Pentagon 5 108O 540 O 72O 5(72O)
Hexagon 6 120O 720 O 60O 6(60O)
Heptagon 7 128.571O 900 O 51.4285O 7(51.428O)
Octagon 8 135O 1080 O 45O 8(45)
Nonagon 9 140O 1260 O 40O 9(40O)
Decagon 10 144O 1440 O 36O 10(36O)
Undecagon 11 147.273O 1620 O 32.7272O 11(32.727O)
Dodecagon 12 150O 1800 O 30O 12(30O)
Tridecagon 13 152.3077O 1980 O 27.6923O 13(27.692O)
Tetradecagon 14 154.2857O 2160 O 25.7142O 14(25.714O)
Pentadecagon 15 156O 2340 O 24O 15(24O)

Angle properties of TRIANGLES:-

Angles in a triangle add up to 180°.
Angles on a straight line also add up to 180°.
In the diagram, we see that:
a + b + c = 180° (angles in a triangle) and
c + d = 180° (angles on a straight line).
If we rearrange both equations (subtract c from both
sides), we get: a + b = 180° - c and d = 180° - c.
Therefore, a + b and d must be the same
(they are both equal to 180° - c): a+b=d
The exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two
opposite interior angles.
This is true for any triangle.

Q:- Find each angle marked with a letter, giving reasons for
your answer.

QUADRILATERALS:-
1The angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360º.
2There are other facts that you will need to know about
special types of quadrilaterals. These are shown
below:
Square:-
1A square is a regular quadrilateral.
2All of its angles are equal (90°).
3All of its sides are of equal length.
4Opposite sides are parallel.
5The diagonals bisect each other at 90°.
6The diagonals are equal in length.
7It has 4 lines of symmetry.
8Order of rotational symmetry: 4.
Rhombus:-
1Diagonally opposite angles are equal.
2All of its sides are of equal length.
3Opposite sides are parallel.
4Diagonals bisect each other at 90°.
5It has 2 lines of symmetry.
6Order of rotational symmetry: 2.

Rectangle:-
1All angles are equal (90°).
2Opposite sides are of equal length.
3Opposite sides are parallel.
4The diagonals bisect each other.
5The diagonals are equal in length.
6It has 2 lines of symmetry.
7Order of rotational symmetry: 2.

Parallelogram:-
1Diagonally opposite angles are equal.
2Opposite sides are of equal length.
3Opposite sides are parallel.
4The diagonals bisect each other.
5It has no lines of symmetry.
6Order of rotational symmetry: 2.
Trapezium:-
1One pair of opposite sides is parallel.
2It has no lines of symmetry.
3It has no rotational symmetry.

Kite:-
1Two pairs of sides are of equal length.
2One pair of diagonally opposite angles is equal.
3Only one diagonal is bisected by the other.
4The diagonals cross at 90°.
5It has 1 line of symmetry.
6It has no rotational symmetry.

Angle properties of polygons:-

1-The formula for calculating the sum of the interior angles
of a regular polygon is: (n - 2) × 180°
where n is the number of sides of the polygon.
2-This formula comes from dividing the polygon up into
triangles using full diagonals.
3- interior angles of a triangle add up to 180°.
4-For any polygon, count how many triangles it can be
split . Then multiply the number of triangles by 180.
5-This quadrilateral has been divided into two triangles,
so the interior angles add up to 2 × 180 = 360°.
1-This pentagon has been divided into three triangles,
so the interior angles add up to 3 × 180 = 540°.

2-In the same way,

a hexagon can be divided into 4 triangles,
a 7-sided polygon into 5 triangles etc.

3-Can you see the pattern forming?

The number of triangles = number of sides - 2.

1-The exterior angle of a polygon and its corresponding

interior angle always add up to 180°
(because they make a straight line).
2-For any polygon, sum of its exterior angles is 360°.
(You can see this because if you imagine 'walking' all the
way round the outside of a polygon you make one full
turn.)

Calculating the interior and exterior angles of regular

polygons
Finding the interior angle:-
1-Formula Sum of Interior angles= (n - 2) × 180°
Example. A hexagon has 6 sides. So n = 6.
Using our formula from above, that gives us
180(6-2) = 180(4) = 7200
Example. An octagon has 8 sides. So n = 8.
Using our formula from above, that gives us
180(8-2) = 180(6) = 10800
2-All the interior angles of a regular polygon are equal.
3-Interior angle of a regular polygon = sum of
interior angles ÷ number of sides
Q- Find the interior angle of a regular hexagon.
Finding the exterior angle:-
1- Exterior angles of a regular polygon always add up to
360°,

so the exterior angle of a regular hexagon is 

Remember : The interior angle and its corresponding
exterior angle always add up to 180°. (For a hexagon, 120°
+ 60° = 180°.)
Q- Calculate the exterior angle of a regular octagon,
and write down the value of the interior angle.
Calculating the number of sides in a regular polygon,
given the interior angle

1- The interior and exterior angles add up to 180°.

(a straight line – e.g., a + f = 180°), and
2- The sum of the exterior angles is 360°.
(a + b + c + d + e = 360°).

Q#1- The interior angles of a regular polygon are each

120°. Calculate the number of sides.
Q#2- The interior angles of a regular polygon are each
150°. Calculate the number of sides.

A polygon is a shape with

straight sides. All of the
exterior angles of a polygon
add up to 360°. because if you
put them all together they
form the angle all the way
round a point:

*****WISH YOU GOOD LUCK***** nasir*16-01-2011 (Pages 5)