Circuit Phasors

Series and Parallel R-L and R-C

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME

Series R-L
Formulas:
Impedance
Z = R + jXL

Voltage Q factor of coil

VT = VR + jVL
Formulas
Impedance Current Voltage
VT = VR = VL

A coil of wire designed to provide impedance in an

electric circuit.
Z = R + jXL
Series R-C
Formulas
Impedance
Z = R - jXc

Voltage Current
VT = VR – jVC IT = IR = IC

Note that the IXc phasor is downward, exactly

V = IZ opposite from IXL phasor because of the
opposite phase angle.
Parallel R-C

Formulas
Impedance Current Voltage
VT = VR = VC

Dielectric Loss in Capacitor

An ideal capacitor is one in which there are no losses and whose current
leads the voltage by 90°. In practice, it is impossible to get such a capacitor
although close approximation is achieved by proper design. In every
capacitor, there is always some dielectric loss and hence it absorbs some
power from the circuit. Due to this loss, the phase angle is somewhat less
than 90°
Problems
1) If a 50- R and 70- XL are in series with 120V applied.
Find the impedance, total current, power factor, and voltage
across inductor and resistor.
2) A 500- R is in parallel with 300- XL with 500V. Find IT,
pf, ZT.
3) A coil has a resistance of 35- and an inductance of 0.14H
the coil is connected to 60cps, 117V power source. Calculate
a)the circuit current b)phase angle c)power used in the
external circuit.
4) An impedance coil has a resistance of 20 and an
inductive reactance of 40 . For what value of series
resistance with overall power factor of the circuit be 0.6
5) What should be the capacitance of a capacitor in series
with a 250 resistor that will limit the current to 1.2 amp when
the circuit is connected to a 600V 60cycle source. Calculate
also the power factor in this condition.
6) A 15 R is in parallel with 20- capacitor are placed 120V
ac line. Find IR,IC, IT, pf, ZT.
Supplementary Problems
1) A small ac motor used in washing machine is in effect, an
RL circuit. If the machine takes 311 watts and 4.5 amp from a
115volt source when operating normally, calculate its power
factor.
2) A 240 Volt 60cycle source is connected to a coil of wire
that has a resistance of 75 and an inductance of 0.0477
Henry. Calculate the following. a)impedance b)current c)power
d) power factor
3) A resistor, in series with a 138 f capacitor is connected to
a 60cycle source. If the voltage drop across the capacitor is
115 volts and the power taken by the circuit is 922 watts.
Calculate a)the circuit current b)the ohmic value of resistor c)
the line voltage d) the circuit power factor