The Three Laws of Robotics, often shortened to The Three Laws or Three Laws, are a set of

three rules written by science fiction authorIsaac Asimov and later expanded upon. The rules are
introduced in his 1942 short story Runaround although they were foreshadowed in a few earlier
stories. The Laws are:

1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being
to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such
orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not
conflict with the First or Second Law.

4. Fourth Law in Icarus's Way

The 1974 Lyuben Dilov novel Icarus's Way introduced a Fourth Law of robotics:
"A robot must establish its identity as a robot in all cases."

5.The Fifth Law of Robotics

The Fifth Law was introduced by Nikola Kesarovski in his short story "The Fifth Law of Robotics".
The Fifth Law says:
"A robot must know it is a robot."

Uses
Industrial applications – material handling ,welding, panting, packaging, pick and place,
assembly,

Military Robots - Airborne robot drones are used for surveillance in today's modern
army. In the future automated aircraft and vehicles could be used to carry fuel and
ammunition or clear minefields

The Intelligent Home - Automated systems can now monitor home security,
environmental conditions and energy usage. Door and windows can be opened
automatically and appliances such as lighting and air conditioning can be pre
programmed to activate. This assists occupants irrespective of their state of mobility.

The Intelligent Home - Automated systems can now monitor home security,
environmental conditions and energy usage. Door and windows can be opened
automatically and appliances such as lighting and air conditioning can be pre
programmed to activate. This assists occupants irrespective of their state of mobility.
Hospitals - Under development is a robotic suit that will enable nurses to lift
patients without damaging their backs. Scientists in Japan have developed a power-
assisted suit which will give nurses the extra muscle they need to lift their patients -
and avoid back injuries.

Robots in Medicine

Surgery

Possibly the most glamorous application of robots in medicine, current state of

the art couples a human surgeon with mechanisms that can perform surgery
through very small incisions, greatly reducing the risk to patients. The
surgeon's ability to control the mechanism is enhanced by providing force
feedback to the controls, allowing the operator to have a sense of touch to help
control the robot. This type of robot isn't completely independent, and is more
properly called a teleoperated device, but uses much of the same technology
an independant robot would employ for motion control, imaging and
tactile/force feedback. The fully autonomous surgical robot that is a feature of
science fiction literature and screen entertainment is unlikely to appear in the
near future, and even if technically possible, would be viewed with great
skepticism by patients (and their lawyers).

Diagnosis
Robotic test instruments range from exotic scanners (such as
computerized axial tomography: the CAT scan) to laboratory equipment
that processes and analyzes samples of blood and other materials
extracted from the body for diagnostic purposes. They provide
consistency and accuracy, reducing the possibility of human error that
can cause an inaccurate diagnosis. While not the classic industrial robot,
they do employ many of the same automation techniques.

Prosthetics
Mechanical replacements for missing limbs and organs that can interact
with the human organic system are a long-standing goal of the medical
community. Research into replacement hearts, limbs, eyes, ears and
other organs offers hope for the development of effective implanted
devices and replacement limbs that can function for long periods of
time. Robotic devices can also provide assistance to people with severe
restrictions on movement, in many cases allowing them at least some
capability to move around or nearby their homes.

One of the great challenges facing the designers of implantable devices

is the need to avoid stimulating the normal immune system response to
foreign objects, a response that can cause serious complications or
disable the device. It is also necessary for the device to be able to
survive in the biological environment without damaging chemical
interactions with the body.

Rehabilitation
Robots can provide exercise platforms to help restore limb function and
can monitor the condition of patients undergoing rehabilitation from the
effects of injuries, stroke or other brain or nerve damage.

Pharmaceuticals
Industrial robots used to manufacture drugs provide consistency and
cost control in drug production and can perform many process and
handling steps without the risk of contamination from human operators
or exposing humans to dangerous chemicals or inadvertant drug doses.