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Senior Inter Physics

Electric Charges And Fields
e t
2- Marks Questions
. n
1. What is meant by the statement "Charge is Quantized"?
h a
i b
A: The electric charge on the surface of any body can be expressed as an integral
multiple of charge of an electron i.e., Q = ± ne, where n = an integer and e = 1.6
t
× 10−19C. This is Quantization of electric charge.
a
2.
p r
How many electrons constitute one coulomb of an electric charge?
Q
A: From Q = ± ne, n = 
1C
e = 
d u
1.6 × 10−19C

n a
= 6.25 × 1018 electrons.
3.
e e
The electric lines of force do not intersect. Why?
.
w w →
e t
A: If any two electric lines of an electric field intersect, at the point of intersection

w n
the intensity of electric field ( E) will act in two different directions which is not
possible.
.
4. State Gauss's law in electrostatics.
h a
b 1 times the net
A: The total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to 
i ∈0
electric charge enclosed by the closed surface.
QTot
a t
∴ Electric flux, φE = 
∈0
p r
∫→ → QTot
⇒ O E . DS = 
∈0 d u
S

n a
Where ∈0 = Permittivity of free space

.e e= 8.85 × 10−12 C2 / N.m2

ww
5. Consider two electric charges + Q and − Q placed at 'B' and 'C' of an
equilateral triangle ABC. For this system, the total charge is zero. But the
w
electric field intensity at 'A' which is equidistant from 'B' and 'C' is not zero.
Why?
A: At vertex 'A' resultant electric field intensity is not zero because the angle
between electric field intensity due to +Q and −Q is 120°.

R-6-1-15
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1 Q
E =  . 
4π∈0 l2 E
A
120°
At A;
t
.
120°
EA = 2Ecos  ( ) L
60°
L
e
2

. n

>
E
= 2E cos 60°
1
= 2E × 
(+Q) 60°
h
60°
a(-Q)

=E
2 B L

i b C

∴ EA ≠ 0
a t
6.
p r
Write the expression for electric intensity due to a charged conducting spherical

u
shell at points outside and inside the shell.

d
1 . Q
n a
A: 1) At a point outside the shell,
σ r2
E = 

.e e
4π∈0
2 (or) E = 
r ∈0r2

w
Where Q = Charge on the surface of Shell
w e t
w R = Radius of Shell
Q
. n
σ = Surface charge density of Shell = 
4πR2
h a
b
r = Distance of outside point from centre of the Shell (r > R)
i
2) At all points inside the Shell, E = 0
t
ra
→
7. The electric field in a region is given by E = (a i + b j) NC−1 where 'a' and 'b'
Λ Λ

p
are constants. Find the electric flux of this field through a square area of side
u
→ →
A: Electric flux, φE = E . A
a d
'l'm parallel to Y - Z plane.

.e
Λ

en
⇒ φE = (a i + b j) . (l2 i ) NC−1 × m2
Λ

= al2 NM2 / C
Λ

8.
ww
What is the importance of Gauss's law in electrostatics?

w
A: 1) Electric field intensity due to complex configurations of electric charge can be
calculated easily by applying Gauss's law.
2) Symmetric considerations in many problems make the application of Gauss's
law much easier.
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4 Marks Questions
9. Define intensity of electric field at a point. Derive an expression for the
intensity of electric field due to a point electric charge.

e t
. n
A: Intensity of Electric Field (E): It is defined as the magnitude of force
experienced by a unit positive charge placed at the point in an electric field.
Electric field intensity due to a point electric charge:
h a
i b
Consider a point electric charge 'Q'. Electric field exists around that charge.

★ a t
Consider a point 'P' in that electric field at a distance 'r' from the given charge.
Let a test positive charge (+qo) be placed
Force on 'qo' is,
p r at 'P'.

Q
d u +q
O
→ r ←
a
.................................. 0

n P

1
e e
Q × q0
F =  . 
.
w w
4π∈0 r2

e t
w
But electric field intensity at point 'P' is,
F
. n
E = 
q0
h a
1 Q
∴ E =  . 
i b
4π∈0 r2
Where ∈0 = permittivity of free space a t
1
p r
 = 9 × 109 Nm2/C2
4π∈0
d u
n a
10. An infinite number of point electric charges each of magnitude 'Q' are

.e e
placed on X-axis at distances of 1, 2, 4, 8, ..... ∞ from the origin respectively.
Find the intensity of electric field at the origin.

w ww
At origin 'O',
1
A: Formula: E =  . 
4π∈0
Q
r2

Q Q Q Q ......∞
•••••→ X
0 1 2 4 8 ......∞
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1 Q 1 . Q 1 . Q
E0 =  .  +   +   + ......∞
4π∈0 12 4π∈0 22 4π∈0 42
Q
4π∈0 1
1
( 1
4
1
⇒ E0 =   +  +  + ......∞
16 ) e t
. n
The series within the brackets is a G.P and sum of infinite terms of a G.P. is
a 1
S∞ =  =  =
4

h a
1−r 1−1
4
3
( )
i b
Q
∴ E0 =  
4
( ) a t
4π∈0 3

p r
Q
u
⇒ E0 =  units (Towards the origin)
3π∈0
d
n a Writer: G.V. Chandra Sekhar

.e e
w w e t
w . n
h a
i b
a t
p r
d u
n a
.e e
w ww

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