A MATHEMATICAL INVENTION

X X X

RAJNI PATEL
 A new method for Square root calculation of any number.
Firstly, the current method is explained.

The number 121 is selected, which is the square of number 11.

The current method.

1 2 1 The number is under-lined in

pairs of two’s from the unit
digit

The first no from the left is

1 21 taken for consideration, which
is no. 1

The nearest no. to the no. 1 is

1, 21 sought from the pairs, 1 x 1 = 1,
2 x 2 = 4, 3 x 3 = 9 and so on

1 1 21 The nearest pair is 1 X 1 =1 .

- 1 The number 1 is deducted from
0 the above no.
 1

1 1 21
+1 -1 The same no. (1) is
2 0 added to above number.

1 1 21
+1 - 1 00 The next pair 21 is
2 0 21 brought down

11

1 1 21
+1 - 1 00 From the pairs 21x1,
21 0 21 22x2, 23x3 and so on, the
- 21 closest pair to no. 21 is
00 selected. It is 21 x 1

11

1 1 21
+1 -1 00 The last digit of 21,
21 0 21 which is 1, is added to
+1 - 21 above no.
22 00

The no 11 is thus worked out as the square root of 121. The no.11 is achieved in 2
steps, first the digit 1 and then the other digit 1. This is the summation of 10 + 1 =
11.

One more no. is worked out. Let’s say 14641, which is the square of 121.
The square root is worked out by the current method.

1 46 41 The number is under-lined in

pairs of two’s from the unit
digit

The first no from the left is

1, 46,41 taken for consideration, which
is no. 1

1
The nearest no. to the no. 1 is
1 1, 46, 41 sought from the pairs, 1 x 1,
- 1 2 x 2, 3 x 3 and so on. The
0 nearest pair is 1 x 1 = 1. The no
1 is deducted from the above
no.

1 1, 46, 41
+1 -1 The same no. (1) is
2 0 added to above number.
 1

1 1, 46, 41
+1 - 1 00 The next pair 46 is
2 0 46 brought down

12

1 1, 46, 41 From the pairs 21x1,

+1 - 1 00 22x2, 23x3 and so on, the
22 0 46 closest pair to no. 46 is
- 44 selected. It is 22x2 = 44.
02 This no. is deducted from
the no. 46

12

1 1, 46,41
+1 - 1 00 The last digit of 22 ,
22 0 46 which is 2 is added to
+2 - 44 above no
44 02

12

1 1, 46,41
+1 - 1 00 The next pair 41 is
22 0 46 brought down
+ 2 - 44
24 0241
 121

1 1, 46,41 From the pairs 241x1,

+1 - 1 00 242x2 and so on, the
22 0 46 nearest pair to no. 241 is
+2 - 44 selected. It is 241x1=241
241 0241
241
000

121

1 1, 46,41 The no. 241 is deducted

+1 - 1 00 from the above no. 241
22 0 46
+2 - 44
241 241
- 241
000

121

1 1, 46,41 The last digit of 241 ,

+1 - 1 00 which is 1, is added to
22 0 46 the no.
+2 - 44
241 241
+ 1 241
242 000

The no. 121 is thus worked out as the square root of 14641. The no. 121 is achieved
in 3 steps, first the digit 1, then the digit 2 and then the last digit 1. This is the
summation of 100 + 20 + 1 = 121.

The current method’s underlying principle is summation.

 THE INVENTED METHOD

The no. 11 which was achieved by the summation of 10 + 1, can also be achieved by
substraction, as 20 – 9 = 11 and no. 121 which was achieved by summation of 100 +
20 + 1, by substraction as 200 – 80 – 9.

The square root of 121 is worked out by the new method.

1 2 1 The no. is underlined in pairs

of two’s from the unit digit

The first no from the left is

1 21 taken for consideration, which
is no. 1

2 121 The next higher digit to the

no.1 is sought from the pairs
1x1, 2x2, 3x3 and so on;
which is 2x2=4

2 400 The no. 4 is placed above the

121 no.1 and pairs of 00 are
placed beside till the pairs
below.

2 400 The no. 121 is substracted

-121 from the above no.
279
 2

2 400 One less no. ( 2-1 ) is added

+(2- 1) -121 to the above no.
3 279

20

2 400 To the top no.2 , are added

+ (2-1) -1 2 1 as many 0’s as the pairs of
3 279 numbers after the first no.

In this method unlike the pairs; a1 X 1, a2 X 2, a3 X 3 and so on; pairs of 10 are

considered. The pairs of 10 are :

a1 x 9, a2 x 8, a3 x 7, a4 x 6, a5 x 5, a6 x 4, a7 x 3, a8 x 2, a9 x 1 .

20-9
From the pairs 31x9, 32x8,
2 400 33 x 7 and so on, the closest
+(2-1) -121 pair to no. 279 is selected. It
31 279 is 31x9=279. This is deducted
-2 7 9 from the no. 279. A
000 subtraction sign is put before
the no. 9.

20-9

2 400 From the no 31 is subtracted

+(2-1) - 1 2 1 (9 + 1).
31 279
-(9+1) - 2 7 9
21 000

The square root is 20 – 9 = 11.

One more no. 14641 is taken, which is the square of 121. The square root is worked
out by the new method.

1 46 41 The no. is underlined in pairs

of two’s from the unit digit.

1 46 41 The first no from the left is

taken for consideration which
is no.1

4 The next higher digit to the

2 1 46 41 no.1 is sought from the pairs
1x1, 2x2, 3x3 and so on, which
is 2x2.

4 00 00 The no 4. is placed above the

2 1 46 41 no.1 and pairs of 00’s are
placed beside till the pairs
below

4 00 00 The no 14641 is subtracted

2 - 1 46 41 from the above no.
2 53 59
 2

4 00 00 One less no ( 2-1 ) = 1, is

2 - 1 46 41 added to the above no.
+(2-1) 2 53 59
3

200

4 00 00 To the top no.2 are added as

2 - 1 46 41 many 0’s as the pairs of
+(2-1) 2 53 59 numbers after the first no.
3

200-7

4 00 00 From the pairs 31x9, 32x8,

2 - 1 46 41 33x7 and so on the closest pair
+(2-1) 253 59 to the no 253 is selected. It is
3 3 - 33x7=231. This is deducted
-(7+1) 231 from the no 253. From the
25 22 no.33 is subtracted
(7+1). A subtraction sign is put
before the no 7.

200–70

4 00 00 One less no. of 0’s added to

2 - 1 46 41 the no. 7, then to the
+(2-1) 253 59 preceeding no. Since two 0’s
3 3 - added to 2, one 0 added to 7.
-(7+1) 231
25 22
 2 0 0 - 70

4 00 00 The no. 59, is brought down.

2 - 1 46 41
+(2-1) 2 53 59
3 3 -
-(7+1) 2 31
25 22 59

2 0 0 – 70 - 9

4 00 00 From the pair 251x9, 252x8,

2 - 1 46 41 253x7 and so on, the closest
+(2-1) 25359 pair to the no.2259 is
3 3 - selected. It is 251x9=2259.
-(7+1) 23100 This is deducted from the
251 2259 no.2259. From the no.251 is
-(9+1) - 2259 subtracted (9+1).
241 0000

The square root is 200-70-9 = 121.

The squre root of one more no. is worked out without explanation. The no. is 128164
which is the square of 358.

400–40-2

16 00 00
4 - 12 81 64
+(4-1) 3 18 36
76 -
-(4+1) 3 04
718 1436
-(2+1) - 1436
715 0000

The square root of 128164 is 400-40-2 = 358.