PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3

Fundamentals of Games and Sports

Nature of Physical Education, Legal Basis of Teaching Physical Education, Definition of

Terms, and Introduction to Fundamentals of Games and Sports

Learning Material (Week 2)

Preface
This Learning Material is an organized collection of content presented together to aid the needs
of the students during the pandemic. Students will learn and understand basic skills, rules, strategy
and etiquette of individual and dual sports, and incorporates those into structured games in the future.
The focus of this learning material offering will be to provide students with the knowledge and skills
essential to selecting and implementing activities, which will insure long-term wellness.

Students will progressively learn the skills and game strategies for each sport as well as the
historical background and terminology. 

INSTRUCTION TO THE STUDENTS

This Learning Material has 2 Units for the term. The first unit is about Nature of Physical
Education and second unit is about the History of Athletics and Olympic Games. It has the following
parts.

-Objectives
- Topic
- Content
- Activities
- Quizzes

To get the most from this Learning Material, do the following.

1.    Schedule and manage your time to read and understand every part of the lesson. Read it
carefully until you fully understand the point.

2.    Plan on how you can manage to do the activities of this learning material in consideration of
your other learning materials from the other courses. Be very conscious with the study schedule.

3.    If you did not understand the content and the other tasks, re-read and comprehend. Focus. If
this will not work, find all the possible resources. You may ask other family members for their
assistance.

4.    Accomplish the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or more Information Sheets.
An Information Sheetcontains important links, notes, basic or additional information that you
need to know. The different links attached to the information sheet(s) are highly informative to the
lesson. Do not settle with low standards, target high standards in doing you assigned tasks.

5.    Through correspondence, you will be instructed to send back the accomplished Learning

Material, before the end of the term.

6.    The long test and term-exams will be online, with the use of other online platforms. The link
will be posted into the course Learning Management System (LMS).
7.    Announcement/s and updates will be sent through call or text messaging. For information and
inquiries, you may ask and contact your instructor.

Unit 1
NATURE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

OBJECTIVES:

·          Define and explain the Nature of Physical Education

·         Recognize the skills and develop how to apply the basic rules and regulations.

NATURE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

            In recent years there has been considerable discussion, whether Physical Education is the
best name for this field of endeavor. Other names that have been given were the following:

1.    Movement Education

2.    Sports Education

3.    Motor Education

4.    Physical Fitness

5.    Human Kinetics

The term is widely used at present time is “Physical Education and Sports”, which incorporates
the traditional emphasis on Physical Education and at the same time stresses the area of sports.

To define physical education, we need to say that it is an educational process that aims to
improve human development and performance through physical activity. It tends to take place at
school through formal lessons, but it also includes informal activity such as play.

Physical education is a process of learning, the context being mainly physical. The purpose of this
process is to develop specific knowledge, skills, and understanding and to promote physical
competence.

Different sporting activities can and do contribute to this learning process, and the learning
process enables participation in sports. The focus, however, is on the child and his or her
development of physical competence rather than the activity.

Physical education has a holistic view within a societal context that identifies the interdependence
of personal health with societal health and environmental health. On an individual level, physical
education is an agent for health and wellness that can promote personal responsibility and control
for active lifestyles. However, equally as important, physical education focuses students' attention
on understanding the problems of the social environment that may inhibit them and others from
pursuing active lifestyles.

Physical education contributes to individual wellness through the innate 'experience of the
moment' and is reinforced on a daily basis through the knowledge, skills, and feelings of
 enhanced self-esteem and wellness that develop over time. Physical education is an area in
which physical activity is valued and integrated into daily living. It is anchored in three fundamental
axioms that lead to these guiding principles:

Individual: It recognizes that people are active for all sorts of reasons - work, play, challenge and
achievement, health and personal development, contemplation and relaxation, creative and
cultural expression, and social interaction.

Social: It focuses on the individual, but it also recognizes that social norms and values, available
resources, influential learners, and other factors affect our choices and opportunities for
participation. Our choices, in turn, affect these factors.

Inclusive: It provides essential ways to express who we are as individuals or groups. It is a right
of all, regardless of ability, age, gender, race, ethnic background, religion, socio-economic status,
or educational achievement.

IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The importance of physical education and physical activity in our society is encouraged by a
number of guiding principles entrenched in active living such as:

1.    Promotes a way of life in which physical activity is valued, enjoyed, and integrated into daily
life.

2.    Promotes the principle of individual choice by responding to learners' individual needs,

interests, and circumstances.

3.    Provides a unique contribution to lifelong development of all learners, enhancing their

physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

4.    Facilitates learning processes, which encourage critical thinking, thereby affecting the
learners' personal wellness and the well-being of society.

5.    Nurtures individual self-reflection and consciousness, which preserves human rights and the
development of supportive and sustainable environments.

HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical Education: Its Origin

            Do you ever wonder where some of the words we use in physical education come from? They
originate from combinations of different Latin and Greek words. But mainly the Greek, The Greeks
were the epitome (a Greek word meaning, prototype or abridgment) of the standards of physical
training and culture of the standards of physical training and culture.
 LEGAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1.Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO Paris, 1978
and Recommendation 1, Disciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts on Physical Education,
UNESCO, Brisbane Australia, 1982. States that:

            “The practice of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental right for all.”

            “And this right should not be treated as different in principle from the right to adequate food,
shelter, and medical care. “

2.    Article XIV, section 19, 1986 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.

“The State shall promote Physical Education and encourage sports programs, league competitions,
and amateur sports including training for international competition to foster self-discipline, teamwork,
and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.”

“All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country and in
cooperation with athletic club and other sectors”.

3.    Article II Section 17 (Philippine Constitution 1987)

“The state shall give priority to Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports to foster
patriotism and nationalism”

4.    Proclamation Order no. 406

“Declaring the period from 1990 to year 2001 as the “Decade of Physical Fitness and Sports”

5.    Executive Order no. 63

“Creating the National Physical Fitness and Sports Development Council up to the Barangay level”

6.    Executive Order no. 64

“Adopting the National Policy and program of “Sports for All”

7.    D.E.C.S Order no. 84

“Physical Education and School Sports is a D.E.C.S priority program”

8.    Republic Act 9155 – Basic Education Act of 2002

“The law asserts that the physical fitness and school sports remain part of the basic education
program”                                                                                                                                          

9.    United Nation Declaration

“Declaring 2005 as the international year of sports and physical education. The United Nation cited
the importance of “Sports and Physical Education” as a means for Health, Education, Peace and
Development”.

DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVES

What is Physical Education?

Physical Education is an educational process which includes the acquisition and refinement or motor
skills, the development and maintenance of fitness for optimal health and wellbeing, the attainment of
knowledge and the growth of positive attitudes toward physical activity.

Physical Education came from the Latin word: Physica- which means “Physics” and Education- which
means the training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion of heart and vigor.

Physical Education is an integral part of general education which aims to develop the individual
physically, mentally, socially and emotionally through big muscle activity and done at play level.

What are the objectives of Physical Education?

The following objectives of Physical Education are viewed and stated in terms of their contribution to
the outcomes of education and which justify the existence of physical education in the curriculum.

Physical Development

          Through carefully selected physical education activities, an individual who participates actively
will develop and maintain good health and high level of physical fitness. The acquisition of physical
skills can motivate and individual to participate further in physical activities; hence, healthy growth
and development of each learner will be enhanced.

Social Development

Participation in Physical Education activities provides opportunities for the acquisition and practice of
desirable social traits necessary for adjustment to happy living and to the social life in general. Some
worthwhile traits are:

·         Friendliness

·         Cooperation 

·         Respect for the rights of others

·         Good sportsmanship

·         Good leadership and followership

·         Honesty in group competition

Emotional Development 

The informal nature of physical education offers opportunities for development of expression and
emotional traits needed for emotional mastery like:

·         Self confidence
·         Self-control

·         Self-reliance

·         Courage

·         Determination

·         Personal Discipline

Mental Development 

Through participation in Physical Education activities the individual develops his mental capacities as
he learns the mechanical principles of underlying movement as the learner acquires knowledge and
understanding of rules and strategies of games and sports as well as dance instructions, as he
discovers ways of improving his movements in gymnastics and dance and the ability to analyze and
give judgements.

INTRODUCTION TO INDIVIDUAL/DUAL SPORTS

Principles

There are four basic principles that govern training for an individual sport:

Overload - You must train harder than normal to force your body to improve.
Progression - You must start slowly and build up to overload.
Reversibility - If you stop training, you will lose some of your gains, but, if you start training
again, you can get back to your peak.
Specificity - You must train the muscles specific to your sport.

PLAY- means to take part in a game or games

GAME- is a contest played for sports according to simple rules

SPORTS- means playing of games or participation in competitive competition involving physical

exertion and skills.
 CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS

1.    Individual- in which participants compete as individuals. However, team competitions in

individual sports also occur, such as relay race. Ex: Athletics

2.    Dual- it is played by two people striving against one another

a.    Combative- with body contact

Ex: karate, boxing, taekwondo, judo

b.    Non-combative- without body contact

Ex: chess, billiards, table tennis, badminton, lawn tennis

3.    Team/Group- consist of 2 or more individuals that works together to accomplish an ultimate goal.

Ex: basketball, volleyball, baseball, football

TYPES OF SPORTS

1.    Competitive- sports for competition

2.    Recreational- sports for recreation

3.    Traditional- Laro ng lahi