WHAT IS PACKAGING

• Coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, distribution,

storage, retailing, and use of the goods
• Fundamental function of packaging:
Contain
Protects / preserves
Transports
Informs / sells
WHAT IS PACKAGING?
Packaging functions range from technical ones to marketing ones

TECHNICAL FUNCTIONS MARKETING FUNCTIONS

Contain Protect Communicate Display
Preserve Measure Inform Promote
Dispense store Sell motivate
Technical packaging professionals Marketing professionals need
need science and engineering skills artistic and motivational
understanding
WHAT IS PACKAGING?
• HOW PACKAGING CHANGES TO MEET SOCIETY’S NEEDS
Packaging is not a recent phenomenon
Packaging is an activity closely associated with the evolution of society
and can be traced back to human beginnings
The nature, degree, and amount of packaging at any stage of society’s
growth reflect the needs, cultural patterns material availability and
technology of that society.
Social changes are inevitably reflected in the way we package, deliver and
consume goods
WHAT IS PACKAGING?

MOTOR OIL
WHAT IS PACKAGING?
• European metal milk containers
6 Oct 1860 in this time period, many
MILK Europeans began using large metal
containers to store milk. These were a
huge advantage because they were
reliable and could hold large quantities of
milk. Since these were just large metal
cans, there is not a single inventor.
Rather, this method was improved over
time. Due to the heaviness and space
consumption of these containers,
modifications were made to this design.
WHAT IS PACKAGING?
GLASS MILK
• Glass milk container 6 Jul 1884in
1884 Dr. Thatcher invented the glass
milk container. This container was
made completely from glass, hence
the name. This innovation allowed
for the milk packaging process to be
more sanitary. Since these glass
containers could be sealed, they
became largely popular. However,
its breakability made consumers
irritable over time.
 • Paper/wax milk container6 Cct 1915
PAPER • In 1915, a young man named John Van Wormer broke
his glass bottle of milk. He was very angered about this
and was determined to make a change. He invented a
paper container that was created by folding, gluing, and
being dipped in wax. This model prevented a huge
mess if the container was dropped. A few years later,
this paper container was given a spout that could be
opened and closed many times.
WHAT IS PACKAGING?
Plastic milk container
• April 1963 Walter R. Bard, an artist
and designer came up with the design
for a plastic milk jug. These plastic
milk jugs provided the ability to hold
large quantities of milk but also keep it
sanitary. The screw on caps sealed out
germs and other undesirable objects.
These containers were also easily filled
and sold in stores. This design has
proven useful and is still used today.
HISTORY OF PACKAGING
• . Packaging in some form or another has always
been around to assist man in transporting, storing,
and protecting a variety of items. Early man would
use crude packaging materials and designs to
meet the needs of hunting and gathering to
survive.
http://www.uspackagingandwrapping.com/blog/The-History-of-Packaging.html
EARLY PACKAGING / PRIMITIVE
PACKAGING
EARLY PACKAGING
EARLY PACKAGING

• A THERE IS A LOT OF SPECULATION TO WHAT THE FIST PACKAGING

PRODUCT WAS MADE FROM. EVEN THOUGH THE MATERIALS WERE
BASIC THERE ARE SEVERAL POSSIBILITIES TO WHAT WAS USED.
EARLY PACKAGING
EARLY PACKAGING
PRIMITIVE PACKAGING
• How packaging changed as social structures changed
5000 B. C. , domesticated plants and animals
A reasonable food supply in a given vicinity
Evolutionary stage: supported larger groups, gave birth to small
tribal villages
Storage and transport containers needed for milk, honey, seed
grains, nuts and dried meat;
About 250 B.C. the Greek city-state period, law that affected
packaging enacted
PRIMITIVE PACKAGING
• Early packaging materials
Fabricated sacks
Baskets
Bags form plant animal
Wood boxes (replaced hollow logs)
Clay bowl
Fire dried clay pots
 PRIMITIVE PACKAGING
• The discovery of glass
By 2500 B.C. a hard inert substance in the fire’s remains;
glass beads and figures made in Mesopotamia (Iraq)
About 1500 B. C. the earliest hollow glass objects
appeared in Mesopotamia and Egypt
FROM ROME TO RENAISSANCE
• How packaging changed as social structures changed
• Many societal changes leading to the corresponding changes in packaging:
mostly the quality and quantity of existing packaging practices

• The invention of the glass blowpipe, wood barrels

• The Romans in about 50 B.C., invented the glass blowpipe
• The blowpipe’s invention brought glass out of noble households and
temples
• The first wooden barrel appeared possibly in the Alpine regions of Europe,
one of the most common packaging forms for many centuries
FROM ROME TO RENAISSANCE
• The Dark Ages
• With the Roman Empire’s collapse in about 450 A. D. Europe
reduced to minor city states many established arts and crafts
forgotten or stagnant

• The discovery of Paper

• In China, Ts’ai Lun is credited with marking the first true paper
from the inner bank of mulberry trees. The name “paper” given to
the Chinese invention made of matted plant fibers
FROM ROME TO RENAISSANCE
• Printing from woodcuts - the ancient parent of the printing process
known as flexography -Also originated in the far east.
• Diamond sutra - oldest existing book printed in 868 ad.
• European world awoke in 1100 ad. Gutenberg Printed a bible in 1455.
• Consumer needs were non-existent.
• No retail trade. Concepts of marketing, advertising, price structures
and distribution were irrelevant
• Population levels were not large enough to support mass production.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• "the change that transforms a people with peasant occupations and
local markets into an industrial society with worldwide connections"
• started in England in about 1700 and spread rapidly through Europe
and North America.
• rural agricultural workers migrated into cities where they were
employed in factories
• mass-produced goods became available
• factory workers needed commodities and food
• many new shops and stores opened
• increase in demand for barrels, kegs, boxes, bags and baskets
THE EVOLUTION OF NEW
PACKAGING ROLES
• for most of recorded history, bulk packaging was the rule
• Packaging served primarily to contain and protect
• Growth of cities spurred importance of individual packaging
• Medicines, cosmetics, teas, liquors were among the first Prepackaged
products
• Products were sold generically
• The first brand names were those of the maker: Yardley's (1770),
• Schweppes (1792), Perrier (1863), Colgate (1873).
THE EVOLUTION OF NEW
PACKAGING ROLES
THE EVOLUTION OF NEW
PACKAGING ROLES
• Early food can labels has to appeal to simple country folk.
• 1877 - packaging milestone
• Set when the American Cereal company chose a symbol to
Trademark its product
THE EVOLUTION OF NEW
PACKAGING ROLES
PACKAGING IN THE LATE 20 TH

CENTURIES
• 1950s - emergence of fast-food outlets
• Growth of convenience and prepared food packages
• 1970s - 80s - legislative changes e.g. Labeling laws, tamper-evident
closures, etc.
• International agreements
• Health awareness
• 1990s - convenience and fast
• Highly-developed countries vs less-developed countries
ENVIRONMENTAL AND
SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
THE FOOUR R’S
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recover
 SUSTAINABILITY
“SUSTAINABILITY IS A BALANCING ACT”
Arable crop is being reduced

environment consumption Global forest coverage is shrinking

Petrochemicals are becoming harder to come
by
Air, water, and soil pollution are increasing as is
global temperature
Global economic growth is based on
continuous growth, global resources are fixed.
 SUSTAINABILITY
Concept of meeting the needs of the
present without comprising the ability
environment consumption of future generations to meet their
needs
SUSTAINABILITY AND PACKAGING

• Packaging Industry is a major consumer of materials and as a result, is a

significant producer of waste materials
• Significant user of enery