g]kfn ;/sf/

lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno

j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|

gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg kl/rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&)

h]i7 @)&)
 ljifo ;"rL
!= k|f/lDes====================================================================================================@
@= kl/efiff==================================================================================================== @
#= ;+:yfut Joj:yf=======================================================================================$
$= cg'bfgsf cfwf/ tyf ljt/0f Joj:yfM u}/ ljB'tLs/0f=======================================$
$=! ;f}o{ tflko k|0ffnL============================================================================================== $
$=@ ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL tyf u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL=========== &
$=# jfof]Uof;=========================================================================================================== !!
$=$ h}ljs pmhf{=======================================================================================================!^
$=% ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§============================================================================================= !(

%= cg'bfgsf cfwf/ tyf ljt/0f Joj:yfM u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f================================== @@

%=! 3/]n ;f}o{ ljB't k|0fffnL======================================================================================= @@
%=@ ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL============================================================================== @$
%=# ;fgf tyf n3' hnljB't dfkm{t ljB'tLs/0f========================================================== @%
%=$ jfo' pmhf{======================================================================================================= #$
%=% h}ljs pmhf{jf6 ljB't pTkfbg=========================================================================== #^
^= pTkfbgd'ns pmhf{ k|of]u========================================================================= #*

&= s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if==================================================================== $)

&=! s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if ;ldlt===================================================================== $)
&=@ s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if ;ldltsf d'Vo d'Vo sfo{x?======================================== $!
*= cGo k|fjwfgx?====================================================================================== $!
*=! cg'bfg k|jfx ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yf==================================================================== $!
*=@ yk cg'bfg ;DjGwL Joj:yf=============================================================================== $!
*=# lbUbz{g, lgb]{lzsf, dfkb08 :jLs[t ug]{=============================================================== $!
*=$ ljleGg k|fljlws ;ldltx? u7g ug{ ;Sg]============================================================ $!
*=% JofVof ug]{====================================================================================================== $@
*=^ k'g/fjnf]sg==================================================================================================== $@
*=& vf/]hL============================================================================================================ $@

1
!= k|f/lDes
g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf]] cfly{s tyf k"jf{wf/ ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^(÷!!÷!$ ut]sf] lg0f{oaf6
:jLs[t “gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg gLlt @)^(” sf] j'Fbf g+ ( sf] (=! n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L
dGqfnon] of] sfo{ljlw tof/ u/]sf] 5 . of] sfo{ljlw lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t
ePsf] ldlt b]lv nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff
of] sfo{ljlwsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgDg zAbfjlnnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 .
-!_ æcg'bfg gLltÆ eGgfn] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg gLlt @)^( ;Demg'k5{ .
-@_ æs]Gb|Æ eGgfn] j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|nfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-#_ æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]ifnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-$_ æzfvf÷OsfO{Æ eGgfn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt cGt{ut /x]sf] pmhf{ tyf jftfj/0f zfvf÷OsfO{nfO{
hgfFp5 .
-%_ ælhNnf pmhf{ sf]ifÆ eGgfn] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ ljsf;sf] nflu cfly{s ;|f]tx? hDdf x'g] / kl/rfng
x'g] u/L :yflgo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] clwgdf /lx :yfkgf ul/Psf] sf]ifnfO{
hgfFp5 .
-^_ æn3' pBd ljsf; sf]ifÆ eGgfn] n3' pBd ljsf;sf] nflu :yfkgf ul/Psf] sf]ifnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-&_ æ;]jf s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] ljleGg lhNnfx? ;d]6Gg] u/L If]lqo :t/df u|fdL0f tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{
;DjGwL sfo{qmd sfo{fGjog ug{ j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] 5gf}6 u/]sf u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf,
;xsf/L ;+:yf jf lghL sDkgLnfO{ hgfFp5 .
-*_ æ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] ;d'bfosf] k/:k/ nfe Pj+ kmfObfsf nflu ;dfg kxF'rsf] cfwf/df
;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ hgfpFb5 . o; cGtu{t ;+:yfx? ;/sf/L ljBfno, ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldlt, :jf:Yo rf}sL÷s]Gb|, wfld{s ;+:yfx? cflbnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-(_ æ;fd'bflos ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] ;d'bfodf /x]sf 3/w'/Lx?sf] ;dfg p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;dfg :jfldTj
tyf kxF'rsf] cfwf/df ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-!)_ æpkef]Qmf ;ldltÆ eGgfn] ;d'bfodf ;+rflnt ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf k|ltlglw ;b:ox? ldn]/
pmhf{ cfof]hgfsf] :yfkgf Pj+ ;+rfngsf] nflu k/:k/ nfe Pj+ kmfObfsf] cfwf/df u7g eO{
;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf ;+:yfnfO{ hgfFp5 .
-!!_ æpRre]udf /x]sf] 3/w'/L jf kl/jf/Æ eGgfn] ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 !%)) ld6/ jf ;f] eGbf dflysf]
prfOdf /x]sf ufFp ljsf; ;ldltsf 3/w'/LnfO{ hgfFp5 .
-!@_ æk|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos|Æ eGgfn] jfof]Uof; sfo{s|dsf] sfof{Gjogdf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknJw
u/fpg j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] 5gf}6 u/]sf u}/ ;/sf/L, ;xsf/L jf lghL ;+:yfnfO{
hgfFp5 .
-!#_ æ3§ ;'wf/ :yfgLo ;fem]bf/ :fF:yfÆ eGgfn] ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§ ;e]{If0f, h8fg / laqmL kl5sf]
;]jfsf] nflu lhNnf l:yt dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-!$_ æ3§wgL ;+3Æ eGgfn] 3§wgLx?sf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj;fosf] k|j{4gsf] nflu ;+:yf btf{ P]g
@)#$ adf]lhd ul7t 3§wgLx?sf] ;+u7gnfO{ hgfFp5 .
-!%_ æ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLÆ eGgfn] !) jf6 kLs Ifdtfsf] ;f}o{ kmf]6f]ef]N6]s kftf, Jof6«L,
Jof6«Lrfh{ lgoGqs Pj+ plrt ;+Vofdf aQLx? ePsf] ;f}o{ k|0ffnLnfO{ hgfFp5 .

2
-!^_ æ3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLÆ eGgfn] @) jf6 kLs jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] Ifdtfsf] ;f}o{ kmf]6f]ef]N6]s
kftf, Jof6«L, Jof6«L rfh{ lgoGqs Pj+ plrt ;+Vofdf aQLx? ePsf ;f}o{ k|0ffnLnfO{ hgfFp5 .
-!&_ ækmnfd] /s]6 r"nf]Æ eGgfn] 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf nflu kmnfdsf kftfx?jf6 /s]6 l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t
/x]/ agfO{Psf] b'O{ d'v] jf ;f] eGbf sdsf lskmfolt r"nf]nfO{ hgfFp5 .
-!*_ æ;+:yfut kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf]Æ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs jf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?df vfgf ksfpg] /
sf]7f ttfpg] k|of]hgsf nflu kmnfdsf kftfx?af6 agfO{Psf lglZrt dfkb08sf Ps d'v], b'O{
d'v] / tLg d'v] kmnfdsf] lskmfotL r"nf]nfO{ hgfFp5 .
-!(_ ækmnfd] Uof;Lkmfo/ k|0ffnLÆ eGgfn] h}ljs kbfy{ af6 pTkGg x'g] tflko pmhf{nfO{ k|of]u u/L
ljleGg s[lif hGo a:t'x? ;'sfpg jf k|Zff]wg ug{sf] nflu k|of]u x'g] UofF;Lkmfo/ k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t
pmhf{ k|0ffnLnfO{ hgfFp5 .
-@)_ ædf]6/ af6f]Æ eGgfn] Ps aif{df sDtLdf % dlxgf 6«ofS6/ rNg] af6f]nfO{ hgfFp5 .
-@!_ ældgL lu|8Æ eGgfn] n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't, ;f}o{ pmhf{, jfo' pmhf{, h}ljs pmhf{jf6 ljB't
pTkfbg eO{ :yfgLo ljB'lto dfu cfk"lt{ ug]{ cfof]hgfx?sf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ldgL lu|8 hgfFp5 .
-@@_ æ:yfgLo lu|8Æ eGgfn] b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L ldgL lu|8x?nfO{ Ps cfk;df cfj4 u/fO{ :yfgLo jf
If]qLo dfu cfk"lt{ ug]{ n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] ljB'tLo ;~hfnnfO{ hgfFp5 . ;f]
;~hfn If]qLo jf /fli6«o ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg;+u cfj4 eO{ jf :jtGq ?kdf ;+rfng x'g;Sg]5 .
-@#_ æIf]qLo lu|8Æ eGgfn] b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L :yfgLo lu|8x?nfO{ Ps cfk;df cfj4 u/fO{ If]qLo dfu
cfk"lt{ ug]{ ljB'tLo ;~hfn nfO{ hgfFp5 .
-@$_ æPsn k"0f{ 7]Ssf -6g{sL_Æ eGgfn] Psn 7]s]bf/ jf sDkgLn] cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h8fg ug]{ /
;+rfngdf Nofpg] u/L ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lng]] Joj:yfnfO{ hgfFp5 . o;n] ;fdfg cfk"lt{,
h8fg÷lgdf{0f, k/LIf0f, k/LIf0f ;+rfng, tflnd, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf tyf k|Tofe"ltsf nflu s/f/
;Demf}tf ;d]tnfO{ hgfFp5 .
-@%_ æcfof]hgfsf] hl8t jf pTkfbg IfdtfÆ eGgfn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 ljB't zlQm tyf
3/w'/L pTkfbg k/LIf0fsf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ePsf] ljB't Ifdtf -lsnf]jf6_ nfO{ hgfFp5 .
-@^_ æJofkfl/s k|of]hgÆ eGgfn] lghL, ;fd'bflos jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfn] cfocfh{gsf] nflu ug]{
lqmofsnfknfO{ hgfFp5 . o;n] ;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/ a9fpg] p2]Zon] ;d'bfoåf/f 3/fo;L k|of]usf
nflu dfq geO{ ahf/of]Uo j:t'sf] pTkfbgnfO{ ;d]t hgfFp5 .
-@&_ æk'gM:yfkgÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf ldgL lu|8
cfof]hgfsf] k'gM:yfkgf jf ;'wf/nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@*_ æ3§ ljB'tLs/0fÆ eGgfn] ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§sf] dfWodaf6 % lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf] ljB't pTkfbg
eO{ ljt/0f ug{] k|lqmofnfO{ 3§ ljB'tLs/0f hgfFp5 .
-@(_ æpTkfbgd'ns pmhf{ k|of]uÆ eGgfn] cfo, pTkfbsTj, ;]jf jf a:t'sf] u'0f:t/ tyf ;+Vof j9fpg
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] kl/k|of]unfO{ hgfpF5 .
-#)_ æ;fd'bflos pBf]uÆ eGgfn] ;ft jf ;f] eGbf a9L JolQmx? ldn]/ ;+rfng ul/Psf] Joj;fo tyf
pBf]unfO{ hgfpFb5 . o;n] ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?, ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb|x? tyf ljleGg :yfgLo
;d''xx? cfj4 eP/ ;+rfng ul/Psf pBf]u Joj;fox?nfO{ ;d]t hgfpFb5 .
-#!_ æJoj;fo ljsf; ;]jf k|bfosÆ eGgfn] Joj;fo tyf pBf]u ;+rfng tyf :t/f]Ggltsf nflu
rflxg] ljleGg ;]jfx? Joj;flos ?kdf k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-#@_ æ;DjlGwt lgsfoÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfwfl/s lgsfo jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ;+3
;+:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 .

3
#= ;+:yfut Joj:yf
gjLs/0fLo tyf u|fdL0f pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] k|j4{g, ljsf; tyf lj:tf/sf] nflu j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g
s]Gb|n] cfjZos cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k'/¥ofpg]5 . s]Gb|nfO{ o; cGtu{tsf ljleGg sfo{qmd
Pjd zfvfx? ljz]ifu/L ;fd'bflos ljB'tLs/0f sfo{qmd, ;f}o{ pmhf{ sfo{qmd, h}ljs pmhf{ sfo{qmd,
jfof]Uof; sfo{qmd, pmhf{sf] pTkfbgd'ns kl/k|of]u sfo{qmd cflbn] cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u
k'/¥ofpg]5g\ .
lglZrt lhNnfx? ;Dd]6g] u/L s]Gb|jf6 5gf}6 ePsf ljleGg If]lqo ;]jf s]Gb|x?n] :yfgLo:t/df
ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwx?sf] dfu ;[hgf ug]{, nlIft ;d'bfo tyf 3/w'/L, lhNnf pmhf{ tyf
jftfj/0f zfvf÷OsfO{nfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg], ljleGg cfof]hgfx?sf]
;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] k|f/lDes d"Nof+sg, s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL tyf ;+:yfx?n]
lgdf{0f Pjd h8fg u/]sf ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|0ffnLx?sf] ;'kl/lehg Pjd cg'udg ug]{ cflb
sfo{ ub{5g\ . To:tf ;]jf s]Gb|x? j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb| k|lt hjfkmb]xL Pjd lhDd]jf/L x'g]5g\ .
lhNnf:t/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt cGtu{t /x]sf lhNnf pmhf{ tyf jftfj/0f zfvf÷OsfO{x?n]
sfo{ljlwdf pNn]lvt sfo{x?sf] cltl/Qm :yfgL:t/df ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] k|j4{g, ;+hfn
lgdf{0f, cg'udg h:tf sfo{x? ub{5g\ .
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg gLlt @)^( df plNnlvt ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|0ffnL Pjd cfof]hgfx?
lgdf{0f tyf h8fg ug{ pknJw u/fOg] cg'bfg /sd j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df s]lGb|o
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if dfkm{t k|jfx ul/g]5 . s]Gb|n] pQm sf]ifnfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u pknJw
u/fpg]5 .

$=cg'bfgsf cfwf/ tyf ljt/0f Joj:yfM u}/ ljB'tLs/0f

$=! ;f}o{ tflko k|0ffnL
-s_ kfgL ttfpg, vfB kbfy{ ksfpg tyf s[lifhGo jf cGo a:t' ;'sfpgsf nflu ;f}o{ tfk pmhf{sf]
clwstd k|of]uåf/f k/Dk/fut / cfofltt k]6«f]lnod OGwgsf] pkef]unfO{ 36fpg ;f}o{ tflko
k|0ffnLsf] b]zel/ k|j4{g ul/g]5 .
-v_ s]Gb|n] pTkfbg, ljt/0f, h8fg tyf laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ sDkgL tyf o;sf
k|ltlglw tyf laqm]tfsf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] lgldQ sfo{ljlw jgfO{ nfu" ug]{ / dfkb08sf] cfwf/df
pgLx?sf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug]{ / cfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{5 .
-u_ ;f}o{ tflko k|0ffnLsf] pTkfbs÷ljt/s÷pkef]QmfnfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg'sf] ;fy}
dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dfkm{t\ dfGotf k|fKt k|0ffnLdf pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-3_ ;f}o{ tflko k|0ffnLsf] k|j4{g, k|rf/ k|;f/, ahf/ lgodg Pj+ u'0f:t/ lglZrttf / cg'udg
pkef]Qmf ;Gt'i7L d"Nof+sg ;DaGwL ljifodf s]Gb| pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
-ª_ pkef]Qmfn] k|lt:k4f{Tds ahf/ dfkm{t\ plrt d"Nodf u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg Pj+ ;]jf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\
eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ sDkgLx?, o;sf ;+hfn :yflgo lgsfo / pkef]Qmfx? aLrsf]
cGt/s[ofnfO{ ;xh agfpg] .
-r_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw jf ljqm]tfn] k|To]s 3/fo;L ;f}o{
8«fo/ k|0ffnL;Fu} dd{t ;Def/, k|of]u tyf h8fgsf] ;Dk"0f{ lrqfTds ljj/0f k|:t't ul/Psf]
k'l:tsf pkef]QmfnfO{ pknJw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
$=!=! cg'bfg ljt/0f
dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] laqmL ljhs;fy ;f}o{ tflko k|0ffnLsf] cg'bfgsf nflu s]Gb|jf6 lgwf{l/t
cfj]bg kmf/fdsf] ;fy lgj]bg k]z ug{'kg]{5 . sDkgLx?n] lgwf{l/t ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u u/L cg'bfg cfj]bg

4
kmf/d / tYofÍsx?sf] ljB'tLo k|lt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . cfj]bg kmf/fd e/L k|fKt ePkl5 s]Gb|n]
cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf] nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/÷zt{ Pj+ sfuhft cflb hfFr u/L To;sf] ljZn]if0f Pj+
d"Nof+sg ug]{ / cfjZostfg';f/ sf]ifnfO{ cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . sf]ifn]
cfj]bgx?sf] yk d"Nof+sg Pj+ ljZn]if0f u/L zt{ tyf k|lqmofx? k"/f ePsf] cj:yfdf cg'bfg :jLs[lt
ug{]5 . cg'bfg :jLs[t ePkl5 pkef]QmfnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt h8fg ug]{ sDkgL dfkm{t
e'QmfgL lbO{g]5 / jfFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|Tofel"t jfkt w/f}6L /sdsf]
?kdf /flvg]5 . Ps jif{ kl5 laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df w/f}6L e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .

$=!=!=! 3/fo;L ;f}o{ 8«fo/

-s_ u|fdL0f If]qdf dfq 3/fo;L ;f}o{ 8«fo/sf] nflu cg'bfg pknJw x'g]5 .
-v_ 3/fo;L ;f}o{ 8«fo/sf] cg'bfgsf] nflu lk5l8Psf ju{nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-u_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw÷ljqm]tfn] s]Gb|sf] k|fljlws
dfkb08 jdf]lhdsf] ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx? k|of]u u/L k|dfl0ft l8hfOgsf] 3/fo;L ;f}o{ 8«fo/sf]
h8fg ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] sf]ifåf/f lgwf{l/t cfj]bgsf] 9f+rfdf cg'bfgsf nflu cg'/f]w
ug'{kg]{5 .
-ª_ 3/fo;L ;f}o{ 8«fo/sf nflu cfj]bg kmf/d;Fu} @ k|lt /lËg t:jL/ ;+nUg u/L k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
klxnf] t:jL/df pkef]Qmf k|of]u k'l:tsfsf] ;fydf 8«fo/ ;Fu} plePsf] /lËg t:jL/ :ki6;fy
b]lvg'kb{5 . o:t} bf];|f] t:jL/df pkef]Qmf k|of]u k'l:tsf ;fy 8«fo/ / ljqm]tf÷ljt/s;Fu}
plePsf] /lËg t:jL/ :ki6;fy b]lvg' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy g]kfnL gul/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, df]afOn
jf kmf]g gDa/ / 3/ 7]ufgf ;xh} kQf nufpg ;lsg] :ki6 gS;f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
$=!=!=@ d´f}nf tyf 7"nf ;f}o{ 8«fo/
-s_ ;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ eO{ s[lifhGo Joj;fo ;~rfng ul//x]sf lghL sDkgL, pBf]u, ;+:yf jf
;fd'bflos ;+:yfn] d´}fnf tyf 7"nf ;f}o{ 8«fo/ cg'bfgsf lglDt of]Uo x'g]5g\ . pkef]Qmf ;d"x
u7g ubf{ ul/j, Psn dlxnf, ljklQ lkl8t, åGbaf6 k|efljt tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hghftLx?nfO{
ljif]z k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{5 .
-v_ u}/ gfkmfd"ns ;+:yfn] ;+:yf gjLs/0f k|df0fsf ;fy} uflj; jf lhlj;sf] l;kmfl/; k]z ug{'kg]{5
eg] gfkmfd"ns ;+:yfn] cl3Nnf] cfly{s aif{sf] s/ lt/]sf] k|df0f kq k]z ug{'kg]{5 .
-u_ d´}fnf tyf 7"nf ;f}o{ 8«fo/sf] cg'bfgsf lglDt pkef]Qmf :jod jf dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{
sDkgL tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw÷ljqm]tfn] ;DEffJotf cWoog kmf/d e/L s]Gb|df
k|ltj]bg k]z ug{'kb{5 . s]Gb|n] k|ltj]bgsf] d"Nof+sg u/L cfof]hgfn] ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/ tyf zt{ k"/f
u/]sf] kfOPdf cg'bfgsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-3_ ;f}o{ 8«fo/sf] ;fdfg, kf6{k"hf{ / l8hfOg s]Gb|n] tf]s]s.] k|fljlws dfkb08 jdf]lhdsf x'g'kg]{5 .
-ª_ d´}fnf tyf 7"nf ;f}o{ 8«fo/sf nflu cfj]bg kmf/d;Fu} 8«fo/ h8fg ePsf] :yfgsf] @ k|lt /lËg
t:jL/ ;+nUg u/L k]z ug'{kg{]5 . klxnf] t:jL/n] h8fg u/]sf] :yfgdf pkef]Qmf k|of]u k'l:tsf
;fydf hl8t 8«fo/ ;Fu} plePsf] /lËg t:jL/ :ki6;fy b]lvg'kb{5 . To;}u/L bf];|f] t:jL/df
h8fg ePsf] :yfgdf pkef]Qmf k|of]u k'l:tsf ;fy hl8t 8«fo/ / h8fgstf{;Fu} plePsf] /lËg
t:jL/ :ki6;fy b]lvg'kb{5 . kmf/fd ;fy df]afOn cyjf kmf]g gDj/ / h8fg :ynsf] 7]ufgf
;xh} kQf nufpg ;Sg] :ki6 gS;f k]z ug'{kg{]5 .

5
 -r_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw jf ljqm]tfn] h8fg u/]sf] Ps
aif{ leq slDtdf ! k6s lgz'Ns ?kdf laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf pknJw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-5_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw jf ljqm]tfn] k|To]s d´f}nf
tyf 7"nf ;f}o{ 8«fo/ k|0ffnL ;Fu} dd{t ;Def/, k|of]u tyf h8fg ;DjGwL] ;Dk"0f{ lrqfTds
ljj/0f k|:t't ul/Psf] k':tLsf pkef]QmfnfO{ ljt/0f ug'{kg]{5 .
$=!=!=# 3/fo;L ;f}o{ s's/
-s_ u|fdL0f If]qdf dfq 3/fo;L ;f}o{ s's/ k|of]usf] nflu cg'bfg pknJw x'g]5 .
-v_ 3/fo;L ;f}o{ s's/sf] cg'bfgsf] nflu lk5l8Psf ju{x?nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-u_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw÷ljqm]tfn] s]Gb|sf] k|fljlws
dfkb08 jdflhdsf] ;fdfu|L tyf pks/0.x? k|of]u u/L k|dfl0ft l8hfOgsf] 3/fo;L ;f}o{
s's/sf] h8fg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-3_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] s]Gb|åf/f lgwf{l/t cfj]bgsf] 9f+rfdf cg'bfgsf nflu cg'/f]w
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ 3/fo;L ;f}o{ s's/sf] nflu cfj]bg kmf/d;Fu} s's/ h8fg ePsf] :yfgsf] @ k|lt :ki6 /lËg
t:jL/ ;+nUg u/L k]z ug'{ kg{]5 . klxnf] t:jL/n] h8fg u/]sf] :yfgdf pkef]Qmf k|of]u
k'l:tsfsf] ;fy hl8t s's/ ;Fu} plePsf] /lËg t:jL/ :ki6;fy b]lvg'kb{5 . To;}u/L bf];|f]
t:jL/df h8fg ePsf] :yfgdf pkef]Qmf k|of]u k'l:tsf ;fy} hl8t s's/ / h8fgstf{ ;Fu}
plePsf] /lËg t:jL/ :ki6;fy b]lvg'kb{5 . o;sf ;fy}} g]kfnL gul/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, df]afOn jf
kmf]g gDa/ / h8fg :ynsf] 7]ufgf ;xh} kQf nufpg ;lsg] gS;f k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
-r_ 3/fo;L tyf Aoj;flos k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/stf gePsf] v08df 3/w'/Lsf] xsdf lgj]bg
kq;fy uf=lj=; sf] l;kmfl/; kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-5_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw jf ljqm]tfn] k|To]s
3/fo;L;f}o{ s's/ k|0ffnL;Fu} dd{t ;Def/, k|of]u tyf h8fgsf] ;Dk"0f{ lrqfTds ljj/0f k|:t't
ul/Psf] k'l:tsf pkef]QmfnfO{ pknJw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
$=!=@ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / b08 hl/jfgf
sf]if tyf s]Gb|n] h8fg ePsf ;f}o{ tflko k|0ffnLsf] cg'udg Pj+ hfFr zfvf÷OsfO{, :jtGq
k/fdz{bftfx? Dffkm{t ug{ ;Sg]5 . h8fg :ynaf6 k|fKt tYof+s tyf hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df
sDkgLsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg ul/g] / sDkgLn] h8fg gu/L cg'bfg bfjL u/]df, tf]lsPsf]
eGbf csf]{ :yfgdf h8fg u/]df, h8fg ubf{ q[6L u/]df jf clgoldttf u/]sf] kfOPdf jf
tf]lsPsf] k|fljlws dfkb08 ljkl/tsf pks/0fx? k|of]u u/]sf] kfOPdf k"j{ lgwf{l/t u'0f:t/
k|Tofe"lt tyf cg'udg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ sf]if tyf s]Gb|n] lgoldt?kdf jf cfjZostfg';f/ ph'/L
jf k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df :ynut cg'udg tyf hfFr b]xfo cg';f/ b08 tyf h/Ljfgf ul/g]5MM—
-s_ cg'bfg ljt/0f ePsf] Ps jif{ kl5 h8fg ul/Psf k|0ffnLdWo] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt kmf§km'§
-/¥ofG8d ;fDklnË_ ?kdf gd"gf lnO{ dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfjf6 :ynut cg'udg
ul/g]5 .
-v_ :ynut cg'udg tYof+snfO{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL 8f6fa];df /fvL d"Nof+sg ul/g]5 /
sDkgLx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg tyf auL{/0f -u|]l8ª_ sf] nflu ;d]t o;nfO{ cfwf/ lnOg]5 .
;fy} pQm tYof+s laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|bfg u/] jf gu/] jfkt hl/jfgf nufpg], v/fa tyf sd
u'0f:t/sf] ;fdfg tyf pks/0fsf] k|of]u Pj+ bf]xf]/f] cg'bfg bfjL ug{] jf cGo clgoldttf ug{]
cflb sfo{x? jfkt hl/jfgf nufpg ;d]t k|of]u ul/g]5 . b08 hl/jfgfsf] clwstd xb
6
 sDkgLsf] dfGotf vf/]h ;Ddsf] x'g]5 . :jtGq k/fdz{bftfx?jf6 x'g] :ynut lgl/If0fsf
cltl/Qm sf]if, s]Gb| / zfvf÷OsfO{n] lgoldt Pj+ cfjZostf cg';f/ :ynut cg'udg tyf hfFr
ug{]5g\ .
-u_ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb|n] ;d]t ;Dk"0f{ k|fljlws kIfx?sf] :ynut cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg
u/L To:tf k|ltj]bg cfjZos ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0fsf] ?kdf ;DalGwt sDkgLx?nfO{ pknAw
u/fpg]5 .
-3_ h8fg ul/Psf k|0ffnLsf] lhNnf cg';f/ s]Gb|n] k"j{lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 9Ffrf cg'?k dfl;s /]s8{sf]
Ps÷Ps k|lt ;DjlGwt lhNnfsf] ;]jf s]Gb|, zfvf÷OsfO{, sf]if / s]Gb|df a'´fpg' kg]{5 .
$=@ ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL tyf u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL
s]Gb|n] ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL / u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLdf k|fljlws
;xof]usf ;fy} cfjlws ?kdf pQm k|0ffnLx?sf] pTkfbg, ljt/0f, h8fg / laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] nflu
sDkgLx?sf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . sf]ifn] ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL / u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos ;f}o{
ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLdf dfGotf k|fKt ;f}o{ pmhf{ sDkgLx? dfkm{t\ pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ cg'bfg pknJw
u/fpg]5

$=@=! ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL

$=@=!=! cg'bfgsf] nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/x?
cg'bfgsf] nflu ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLn] b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f ug'{kg]{5M—
-s_ Psn k|0ffnL -:6\of08 Pnf]g df]8_ df /x]sf ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL cN6/g]l6e s/]G6 -P;L_
jf 8fO/]S6 s/]G6 -8L;L_ jf ;d"xut k|0ffnLdf x'g ;Sg]5 .
-v_ cg'bfg sfg"gL ?kdf btf{ ePsf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?nfO{ dfq k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
-u_ n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't jf /fli6«o ljB't k|zf/0f nfOg k'u]sf] :yfgsf] nflu cg'bfg k|fKt x'g]
5}g .
-3_ o;df k|of]u x'g] ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx? g]kfn kmf]6f]ef]N6]s u'0f:t/ dfkb08df pNn]lvt k|fjwfg
-:k]l;lkms];g_ jdf]lhd x'g' kg]{5 / To:tf ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx? gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f
s]Gb|åf/f k/LIf0f Pj+ k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] x''g'kg]{5 . To:tf k|0ffnLx?df k|of]u x'g] ;f]nf/ kftf tyf
Aof6«Ldf OGu|]e gDa/ /flvPsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-ª_ o; cGtu{t sDKo"6/ tyf lk|G6/, /]lk|mh]/]6/ cflb h:tf pks/0fx?nfO{ cg'bfg lbOg]5}g .
-r_ o;sf] pTkfbg, ljt/0f tyf h8fg s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] dfq ug{ kfpg]5g\ .
-5_ o;sf] l8hfOg / ;+efJotf cWoog ;fy} h8fg k|lqmofsf] ;'kl/j]If0f s]Gb|åf/f dfGotf k|fKt
sDkgLx?df cfj4 k|fljlwsx?n] dfq ug{ kfpg] 5g\ .
-h_ ;f}o{ pmhf{df k|of]u x'g] Aof6«L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Aof6«L ef}r/df pNn]v ul/Psf] /sd cg'bfg
/sdjf6 s§f u/L 5'6\6} vftf vf]nL Aof6«L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 . t/ pQm s§f ul/g]
/sd cg'bfg /sdsf] % k|ltzt eGbf j9L x'g]5}g\ .
$=@=!=@ cg'bfg ljt/0f
;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL h8fg ug{sf] nflu ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] lgj]bg ;fy ;DjlGwt uflj; jf
lhlj;sf] l;kmfl/;, s]Gb|n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] 9f+rfdf dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dWo] sDtLdf tLg j6f
sDkgLx?;Fu pks/0f ;+rfngfy{ cfjZos kg]{ ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|0ffnLsf] cg'dflgt nfut, h8fg, jf/]G6L
cflb ;DjGwL l;njGbL sf]6]zg lnO{ k|lt:k|wfTds cfwf/df sDkgL 5gf}6 u/L lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf

7
 ;DefJotf cWoog u/fO{ nfutsf] sDtLdf @% k|ltzt /sd Joxf]g]{ k|lta4tf ;lxt ;DefJotf
cWoog k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . s]Gb|df lj:t[t k|ltj]bg k|fKt eP kZrft ;f}o{ pmhf{
d"Nof+sg k|fljlws ;ldltn] b'u{dtf, lk5l8Psf hgtfsf] jfx'Notf, ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;+Vof, ;DjlGwt
;+:yfsf] k|lta4tf, dd{t ;Def/sf] Joj:yf, ;+:yf;+u pknAw pks/0fx?, k|ltj]bgsf] cfly{s kIf
cflb cfwf/x?sf] d"Nof+sg ug{]5 . s]Gb|n] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+sg ug{sf] nflu cfjlws ?kdf
;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] k|lt jf6 lks cg'dflgt nfut lgwf{/0f ug]{5 / k|fljlws ;ldltn]
;f]xL nfutsf] cfwf/df k|:tfj d"Nof+sg u/L cfof]hgfn] ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/ tyf zt{ k"/f u/]sf] kfOPdf
cg'bfg nflu sf]ifdf l;kmfl/; ug{]5 . ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL h8fg ug'{ k"j{ sDkgLn] cg'bfg
cfj]bg kmf/fd e/L s]Gb|df k]z u/L sf]ifjf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 dfq ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf
nflu 5gf}6 ePsf] cfk"lt{stf{;+u pks/0f cfk"lt{, h8fg Pj+ cGo ;]jfsf] nflu ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
;fy} pQm ;+:yfn] ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] :jfldTj, /]vb]v tyf dd{t ;+ef/sf nflu s]Gb|;Fu
;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 . ;DjlGwt lhlj; jf uflj;sf] k|df0fLs/0f, hl8t ;f}o{ k|0ffnL ;lxt ;DjlGwt
;+:yf -:s'nsf] xsdf lzIfs / ljBfyL{ tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb| tyf cGo ;+:yfsf] xsdf k|d'v ;lxt
cGo sd{rf/L_ / h8fg ug]{ k|fljlws ;lxtsf] kmf]6f] ;d]t ;+nUg ul/Psf] h8fg tyf k/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 sf]ifn] pko'Qm b]v]df cg'bfg /sdsf] () k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{
e'QmfgL lbg]5 . hl8t k|0ffnL b'O{ jif{;Dd ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf ;+rfng ePkl5 tyf sDkgL÷;+:yfn]
laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|bfg u/L pkef]Qmf ;Gt'li6 ePsf] ;'lgZrt ePkl5 sf]ifn] s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df
jfFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgL lbg]5 . sf]if / s]Gb|n] cfjZostf cg';f/ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf
tyf k|Tofe"lt s]Gb| cfkm} jf :jtGq k/fdz{bftf, ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb| jf ;DalGwt lhNnfsf]
zfvf÷OsfO{af6 cg'udg ug{, u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
$=@=!=# cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / b08 hl/jfgf
s]Gb|n] h8fg ePsf ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] cg'udg Pj+ hfFr zfvf÷OsfO{, jf :jtGq
k/fdz{bftfx? Dffkm{t ug{ ;Sg]5 . h8fg :ynaf6 k|fKt tYof+s tyf hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df sDkgLsf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ul/g] / sDkgLn] h8fg gu/L cg'bfg bfjL u/]df, csf]{ :yfgdf h8fg u/]df,
h8fg ubf{ q[6L u/]df jf clgoldtf u/]sf] kfOPdf lgwf{l/t dfkb08 tyf lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ hl/jfgf
ul/g]5 . ;fy} sf]if tyf s]Gb|n] lgoldt?kdf jf cfjZostfg';f/ ph'/L jf k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df
:ynut cg'udg tyf hfFr u/L b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] b08 tyf h/Ljfgf ul/g]5MM—
-s_ sDkgLn] ;f}o{ pmhf{ pks/0f h8fg gu/L cg'bfg bfaL u/]df jf tf]lsPsf] eGbf cGo :yfgdf
h8fg u/]df jf tf]lsPsf] Ifdtf eGbf sd Ifdtfsf] ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|0ffnL h8fg u/]df cg'bfg
/sdsf] #)) k|ltzt h/Ljfgf u/L sDkgLsf] dfGotf vf/]h ul/g]5 .
-v_ lau|]sf, :jLs[t gul/Psf / sfd gnfUg] kf6{k"hf{x? -;f}o{ Kofgn, Aof6«L, rfh{ sG6«f]n/ cflb_
h8fg u/]sf] kfO{Pdf pQm ;fdfgsf] sf]6]zg jf cg'bfg cfj]bg kmf/fddf pNn]v ePsf] :jLs[t
cg'bfgsf] @)) k|ltzt ;Dd h/Ljfgf ul/g]5 . To:tf ;fdfgx? sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf]
ldltn] Ps dlxgf leq km]/]/ To;sf] k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df a'emfpg' kg]{5 . o; ;DjGwdf s]Gb| cfkm} jf
s]Gb|jf6 lgo'Qm k/fdz{bftfn] :ynut cg'udg ubf{ sDkgLn] clgoldttf u/]sf] kfOPdf
sDkgLsf] dfGotf vf/]h ul/g]5 .
-u_ sDkgLn] ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|0ffnL h8fg u/]sf] b'O{ jif{ leq k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf lgz'Ns ?kdf sDtLdf #
k6s laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;DalGwt :yfgdf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 . sDkgLn] lbPsf] jf/]G6L ;do
;Dd tyf b'O{ aif{ ;Dd laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf pknJw gu/fPdf sDkgLn] clGtd ls:tf jfkt e'QmfgL
lng afFsL /x]sf] cg'bfgsf] !) k|ltzt /sd cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DjlGwt ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|0ffnLsf]
dd{t tyf ;Def/sf nflu pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 . olb sDkgLn] Ps cfly{s jif{ leq h8fg
u/]sf k|0ffnLx? dWo] !) k|ltzt eGbf w]/} k|0ffnLx?df laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf pknJw gu/fPsf] jf
jf/]G6L cjlw leq ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] k|0ffnL lau|]sf] elg lnlvt ?kdf cg'/f]w u/]sf] Ps
dlxgfleq sDkgL ;DjlGwt :yfgdf gk'u]sf] e]l6Pdf sDkgLnfO{ ^ dlxgf;Dd lgnDag ul/g]5 .
;f] kZrft ;d]t laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf pknJw u/fPsf] gb]lvPdf sDkgLsf] dfGotf vf/]h ul/g]5 .

8
$=@=@ u|fdL0f ;fdbflos ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL
$=@=@=! cg'bfgsf] nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/x?
u|fdL0f ;fd'bfoLs ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] cg'bfgsf nflu b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g'
kg{]5M—
-s_ cGo dfWodåf/f ljB'tLs/0f gePsf If]qdf dfq tf]lsPsf] u|fdL0f ;fd'bfoLs ;f}o{ ljB't
vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLdf cg'bfg pknJw x'g]5 .
-v_ u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf ug{ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ kl/If0f s]Gb|åf/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf ;fdfg tyf
pks/0fx? dfq k|of]u ug{'kg]{5 .
-u_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] k|fljlws dfkb08 k'/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . l;len sfo{sf]
xsdf s]Gb|jf6 :jLs[t lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ l;len ;+/rgf lgdf{0f sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cfkm} jf ljB'tLo tyf oflGqs ;fdfg cfk"lt{ tyf
h8fg ug]{ sDkgLaf6 ;d]t u/fpg ;lsg]5 . t/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] cfkm} lgdf{0f ug]{ xsdf
ljB'tLo tyf oflGqs pks/0f h8fg ug]{ sDkgLn] ;ldltn] lgdf{0f ug]{ l;len ;+/rgf
tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 cg';f/ ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
-ª_ ;DjlGwt h8fgstf{ sDkgLdf cfj4 k|fljlwssf] k|ToIf ;'k/lehgdf ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL
k|0ffnL h8fg ul/Psf] eGg] k|dfl0ft x'g' kg]{5 .
-r_ s]Gb|åf/f lgwf{l/t dfu kmf/fd e/L cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg{]5 .
-5_ sf]ifåf/f lgwf{l/t cg'bfg kmf/fd e/L cg'bfgsf] dfu ug{'kg]{5 .
-h_ nlIft au{n] yk cg'bfg ;xof]usf] nflu zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t s]Gb|df lgj]bg
lbg'kg]{5 .
$=@=@=@ cg'bfg ljt/0f
/fli6«o ljB't k|zf/0f nfOg gk'u]sf / vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of ePsf u|fdL0f If]qx?sf hgtfx?n] u|fdL0f
;fd'bflos ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL h8fg ug{ rfx]df pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g u/L lj:t[t
hfgsf/Lsf nflu s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf s]Gb|df ;Dks{ ug{'kg]{5 . pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g ubf{
ul/j, Psn dlxnf, ljklQ lkl8t, åGbaf6 k|efljt tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hghftLx?nfO{ ljif]z k|fyldstf
lbg'kg]{5 . ;d'x u7g ubf{ s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 kfngf ug'kg]{5 . s]Gb|åf/f lgwf{l/t 9fFrf ;lxtsf]
cfof]hgf dfu kmf/fd e/L ;DjlGwt zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf s]Gb|df k]z ug{'kg]{5 . ;]jf s]Gb|x?n] s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos cfwf/ tyf zt{x?sf] d"NofÍg u/L ;DefJo tyf pko'Qm
cfof]hgfsf] ;"lr s]Gb|df k7fpg' kg{]5 . ;]jf s]Gb|jf6 k|fKt ;"lr / cfof]hgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L
s]Gb|n] ;DefJo cfof]hgfx?sf] lj:t[t l8hfO{g k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ ;DjlGwt ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ lgb]{zg
lbg]5 . ;]jf s]Gb|n] pQm cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws / cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg
tof/ u/L k'g s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;DefJo cfof]hgfx?sf] d"Nof+sg tyf ljZn]if0f u/L s]Gb|n]
cg'bfgsf nflu sf]ifdf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . sf]ifn] cfjZos 7fg]df yk hfFrj'´ u/L cg'bfgsf nflu
of]Uo b]lvPsf cfof]hgfnfO{ ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, jftfj/0f zfvf÷OsfO{ / ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . pkef]Qmfn] cg'bfg jfx]ssf] cfof]hgfsf] nfutsf] /sdsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .
pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dWo] sDtLdf # j6f sDkgLx?af6 l;njGbL
sf]6]zg dfu ug'{kg]{ / k|lt:k|wfTds cfwf/df sf]6]zg 5gf}6 u/L h8fgstf{ sDkgL / pkef]Qmf
;ldlt ljr s/f/ ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 . sf]6];g vf]Nbf ;DjlGwt zfvf÷OsfO{sf] sd{rf/L clgjfo{
pkl:yt x'g'kg{]5 . ;fy} cg'bfg jfx]s pkef]Qmfjf6 Joxf]g'{kg]{ /sdsf] Joj:yf u/L lnlvt kq;lxt
;DjlGwt ;]jf s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;]jf s]Gb|n] cg'bfg lgsf;fsf] nflu s]Gb|df l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .
s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/; cg';f/ sf]ifn] b]xfo jdf]lhd e'QmfgL ug]{5 .

9
-s_ l;len ;+/rgf ;lxt ;Dk"0f{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ 5gf}6 ePsf] sDkgLn] sfo{ ug]{ u/L pkef]Qmf
;d"x / ;DjlGwt sDkgL ljrdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] cj:yfdf b]xfo jdf]lhd cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgL
x'g]5M—
-!_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / sDkgL ljr ;Demf}tf ePkl5 cg'bfg /sd afx]s pkef]Qmfn] Joxf]g'{kg]{
s"n /sdsf] %) k|ltzt /sd pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/P cg';f/sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljB'lto tyf oflGqs pks/0f
lgdf{0f :yndf pknAw u/fPsf] k|df0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 k|fKt ePkl5 sf]if dfkm{t pknAw
u/fpg] cg'bfgsf] ^) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-#_ ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] ;Dk"0f{ l;len lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 dfq
pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] pknAw u/fpg afFsL %) k|ltzt /sd sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ sDkgLn] l;len, ljB'lto tyf d]sflgsn k|0ffnL h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg
;+lIfKt k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z u/]kl5 s]Gb|n] :ynut lgl/If0f Ps dlxgfleq cfkm} jf cGo
k|fljlws dfkm{t u/fpg]5 . cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgl/If0f k|ltj]bg sf]ifdf l;kmfl/;
;lxt k]z u/]kl5 cg'bfgsf] #) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-%_ h8fg ;DkGg ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ kl5 b'O{ dlxgf leq h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] laqmL kl5sf]
;]jf ;Demf}tf cg';f/ lbP,glbPsf] olsg u/L, lbO{Psf] kfO{Pdf jfFsL cg'bfgsf] clGtd !)
k|ltzt /sd sf]ifn] ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-v_ l;len ;+/rgf pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] lgdf{0f ug]{ / ljB'lto tyf oflGqs pks/0f dfq dfGotf k|fKt
sDkgLn] cfk"lt{ / h8fg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] cj:yfdf b]xfo jdf]lhd cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgL
ul/g]5M—
-!_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / sDkgL ljr ;Demf}tf ubf{ l;len ;+/rgf lgdf{0f / ljB'lto tyf oflGqs
pks/0f h8fg ubf{ nfUg] vr{sf] :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ePsf] x'g'kb{5 .
-@_ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] cg'bfg /sd jfx]ssf] /sd Joj:yf u/L l;len ;+/rgf lgdf{0f Zf'? ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ sf]if dfkm{t pknJw x'g] s"n cg'bfg /sd ljB'lto tyf oflGqs pks/0fsf] nflu ePsf] s/f/
;Demf}tfsf] /sd eGbf j9L ePdf To;/L jl9 x'g] /sd pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] cg'/f]wdf sf]ifn]
;f]em} pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd dfu ubf{
pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] Joxf]g'{kg]{ /sd cg';f/sf] sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;ldltn] Joxf]g'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ /sd
;d]t vr{ eO{;s]sf] k|df0f clgjfo{?kdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf] k|df0fnfO{ ;DjlGwt ;]jf s]Gb|
jf zfvf÷OsfO{n] l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ l;len ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ clGtd
cg'bfg :jLs[t eP kZrft $) k|ltzt / k"/f lgdf{0f eP kZrft ^) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL
lbOg]5 . o;/L pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ /sd pknJw u/fpFbf ;DjlGwt ;]jf s]Gb|sf] hdfgLdf
dfq pQm /sd pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-$_ l;len ;+/rgf lgdf{0flwg cj:yf jf ;DkGg ePkZrft ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/sf] ljB'lto tyf oflGqs ;fdfg cfof]hgf :yndf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf
;fdfg cfof]hgf :yndf k|fKt ePsf] Joxf]/f ;lxt pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePdf
sf]ifn] ljB'lto tyf oflGqs ;fdfg cfk"lTf{ tyf h8fg ug{ nfUg] elg ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt
/sdsf] ^) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-%_ l;len ;+/rgf lgdf{0f tyf ;Dk"0f{ ljB'lto tyf oflGqs ;fdfg h8fg u/L cfof]hgf lgdf{0f
;DkGg ePsf] k|df0f ;lxt ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] lgj]bg lbPkl5 dfq s]Gb|df cfjZos k|df0f
;lxt lgj]bg btf{ ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq k|dfl0ft u/] kZrft sf]ifn] ljB'lto tyf d]sflgsn
;fdfg cfk"lt{ tyf h8fg ug{ nfUg] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt /sdsf] #) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt
10
 sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 . h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg eP kZrft Ps}k6s
() k|ltzt /sd lng rfx]df sf]ifn] pQm /sd e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
-^_ sDkgLn] h8fg ;DkGg ePsf] ldltn]] k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf @ jif{ leq lgz'Ns ?kdf sDtLdf #
k6s laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;DjlGwt :yfgdf k'lu pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 . @ jif{ kZrft @ dlxgf
leq h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Demf}tf cg';f/ u/], gu/]sf] olsg u/L ;]jf
pknJw u/fPsf] ;'lglZrt ePdf jfFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd dWo] & k|ltzt /sd sf]ifn]
;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ / # k|ltzt /sd dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmfsf] d'2tL
vftfdf e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
$=@=@=# cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / b08 tyf hl/jfgf
cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf zt k|ltzt cfof]hgfd} cfjZostf cg';f/ s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{ jf
;]jf s]Gb|sf k|fljlwsx?n] :ynut lgl/If0f ug{]5g . lgl/If0f k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df sf]ifn] jfFsL
cg'bfg /sd ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ kl/If0f s]Gb|n] ;d]t u|fdL0f
;fd'bflos ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIfx?sf] :ynut cWoog tyf cg'udg u/L To:tf
k|ltj]bg cfjZos ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0fsf] ?kdf ;DjlGwt sDkgLx?nfO{ pknJw u/fpg]5 .
sf]ifn] h8fg ePsf] u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos ;f}o{ ljB't vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] cg'bfg e'QmfgL ubf{ lgl/If0f
ug{ cfjZos b]v]df cfof]hgfsf] :ynut lgl/If0f tyf cg'udg ug{ ;Sg]5 . h8fgstf{ sDkgLn]
h8fg ;DkGg u/]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbPkl5 s]Gb|n] cfkm} jf zfvf÷OsfO{ dfkm{t ;D´f}tfdf
pNn]v eP cg';f/ h8fg ;DkGg eP, gePsf] lg/LIf0f u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

h8fg :ynaf6 k|fKt tYof+s tyf hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df sDkgLsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg ul/g] 5 .
sDkgLn] h8fg gu/L cg'bfg bfjL u/]df, km/s :yfgdf h8fg u/]df, h8fg ubf{ qm'6L u/]df jf
clgoldttf u/]sf] kfOPdf jf tf]lsPsf] k|fljlws dfkb08 ljkl/tsf pks/0fx? k|of]u u/]sf] kfOPdf
lgwf{l/t u'0f:t/ k|Tofe"lt tyf cg'udg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ hl/jfgf ul/g]5 . ;fy} sf]if / s]Gb|n]
lgoldt ?kdf jf cfjZostfg';f/ ph'/L jf k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df :ynut cg'udg tyf hfFr ug]{5 .
$=# jfof]Uof;
$=#=! cg'bfgsf nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ tyf cg'bfg ljt/0f
-s_ 3/fo;L jfof]Uof; Knf06
-!_ s]Gb|n] ;do ;dodf jfof]Uof; sDkgLx?nfO{ afof]Uof; lgdf{0f tyf cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf
pknJw u/fpg of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-@_ s]Gb|af6 lgwf{l/t k|fljlws dfkb08 jdf]lhd dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL dfkm{t lgdf{0f ePsf @ b]lv
* 3gld6/ Ifdtf ;Ddsf jfof]Uof; KnfG6x?nfO{ dfq cg'bfg lbOg]5 . sDkgL / pkef]Qmf
jLr x'g] ;Demf}tf kqdf KnfG6 lgdf{0f kl5 hl8t KnfG6df sDtLdf $ jif{sf] k|Tofe"lt
-Uof/]G6L_ lbg'kg]{5 .
-#_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n]] KnfG6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fd tyf cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? s]Gb|n]
5gf}6 u/]sf] k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx?df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . pQm k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos
;+:yfn] jfof]Uof; sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf KnfG6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fdx?sf] d"Nof+sg Pjd
cfjZos hfFr u/L cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/; ;lxt k|ltj]bg / cfjZos sfuhftx? s]Gb|df
k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ s]Gb|n] k|fKt cfj]bgdf pk/ cfjZos hfFr u/L cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/x? k"/f ePsf]
;'lgZrt u/L sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . sf]ifn] cfjZos d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr

11
 u/L cg'bfgsf] nflu pko'Qm b]v]df pkef]QmfnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfg /sdsf] () k|ltzt /sd
dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dfkm{t e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
-%_ ;Dk"0f{ cfjZos z'Nsx? h:t} n]bf] dn ;b'kof]u z'Ns, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf z'Ns cflb
cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgL ubf{ s§f ul/g]5 . dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] Knf06 lgdf{0f kZrft\ laqmL
kl5sf] ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ s]Gb|n] tof/ u/]sf] dfkb08 / lgb{]lzsf cg';f/ ug'{kg]{5 .
-^_ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs eP, gePsf] ;DalGwt k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos, s]Gb| jf s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] :jtGq k/fdz{bftfn] cg'udg ug]{5 . ;fy} lalqm kl5sf] ;]jf z'Ns e'QmfgL ubf{
s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;Sg]5 . n]bf] dn sf] ;b'kof]u z'Ns
;DalGwt sDkgLsf] l;kmfl/;df pknJw u/fOg]5 . lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt ;]jf / sfo{
;Gtf]ifhgs kfOPdf afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifdf l;kmfl/; ul/g]
5.
-v_ Zfx/L 3/]n' jfof]Uof;
zx/L If]qsf 3/x?sf efG5f tyf 3/ j/k/ pTkGg x'g] s'lxg] h}ljs kbfy{sf] k|of]u u/L jfof]Uof;
pTkfbg ug{ s]Gb|n] tf]s] cg';f/sf] dfkb08 / l8hfOgsf $ 3g ld6/ ;Ddsf] jfof]Uof; Knf06
lgdf{0fsf nflu pknJw u/fOg] cg'bfg /sdsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] k|s[of k'¥ofpg'kg]{5M—
-!_ s]Gb|af6 lgwf{l/t k|fljlws dfkb08 jdf]lhd dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL dfkm{t lgdf{0f ePsf
afof]Uof; KnfG6x?nfO{ dfq cg'bfg lbOg]5 .
-@_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n]] KnfG6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fd tyf cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? s]Gb|n]
5gf}6 u/]sf] k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx?df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . pQm ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfn]
afof]Uof; sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf KnfG6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fdx?sf] cfjZos hfFr u/L
cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/;sf ;fy To;sf] k|ltj]bg / cfjZos sfuhftx? s]Gb|df k]z ug]{5 .
-#_ s]Gb|n] cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/x? k"/f ePsf] olsg u/L sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/;
ug'{kg]{5 . sf]ifn] cfjZos d"Nof+sg tyf hfFr kZrft cg'bfgsf nflu pko'Qm b]v]df
pkef]QmfnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfg /sdsf] () k|ltzt /sd dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL jf h8fgstf{nfO{
e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
-$_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] Knf06 lgdf{0f kZrft\ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ s]Gb|n] :jLs[t
u/]sf] dfkb08 / lgb{]lzsf cg';f/ ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs eP, gePsf] ;DalGwt k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos, s]Gb| jf s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] :jtGq k/fdz{bftf dfkm{t cg'udg u/fOg]5 . ;fy} laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf z'Ns
e'QmfgLsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{sf]] k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dfGg ;Sg]5 .
;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs kfOPdf afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu s]Gb|n] sf]ifnfO{
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . olb ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPdf laqmL kZrftsf] ;]jf jfkt kfpg' kg{] /sd
jfof]Uof; KnfG6 dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-u_ ;+:yfut jfof]Uof; Knf06
ljBfno, SofDk;, c:ktfn, k|x/L / ;}lgs Jof/]s, j[4f>d / wfld{s h:tf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?jf6
lg:sg] h}ljs j:t' tyf dfgj dnd"q k|of]u u/L afof]Uof; pTkfbg ug{ !@ 3gld6/ eGbf j9L
Ifdtfsf jfof]Uof; Knf06sf] nflu pknJw u/fOg] cg'bfg /sdsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] k|s[of
k'¥ofpg'kg]{5M—
-!_ s]Gb|af6 lgwf{l/t k|fljlws dfkb08 jdf]lhd dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL dfkm{t lgdf{0f ePsf
jfof]Uof; KnfG6x?nfO{ dfq cg'bfg lbOg]5 .

12
 -@_ Knf06 lgdf{0f ug{ OR5's ;+:yfx?n]] jfof]Uof; KnfG6 lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf u/]sf] lg0f{o ;lxt
dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftfåf/f tof/ ul/Psf] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg ;lxt s]Gb|df
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ s]Gb|n] pQm cWoogsf] d"Nof+sg u/L cfjZos b]v]df cfly{s, k|fljlws tyf jftfj/0fLo kIf
;lxtsf] lj:t[t ;e{]If0fsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-$_ s]Gb|n] :jLs[t u/]sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{jf6
lj:t[t ;DefAotf cWoog u/fO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ s]Gb|n] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog jf lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;f] pk/
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L ;DefJo b]lvPdf jfof]Uof; KnfG6 lgdf{0fsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg]5 .
-^_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n]] KnfG6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fd ;lxt cGo cfjZos sfuhftx?
cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/; ;fy k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ s]Gb|n] cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/x? k'/f ePsf] olsg u/L sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/;
ug]{5 . sf]ifn] cfjZos d"Nof+sg Pjd hf+r u/L cg'bfgsf] nflu pko'Qm b]v]df pkef]QmfnfO{
lbOg] cg'bfg /sdsf] () k|ltzt /sd dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-*_ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs eP, gePsf] ;DjlGwt k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos, s]Gb| jf s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] :jtGq k/fdz{bftfn] cg'udg ug]{5 . laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf z'Ns e'QmfgLsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ubf{ s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{sf]] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;Sg]5 . olb sDkgLn] lbOPsf]
;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs kfOPdf afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu s]Gb|n] sf]ifdf
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . olb ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPdf laqmL kZrftsf] ;]jf jfkt\ kfpg' kg{]
/sd jfof]Uof; KnfG6 dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-3_ ;fd'bflos jfof]Uof; KnfG6
ufO{ e+};Lsf] uf]j/ tyf cGo h}ljs j:t'x?sf] k|of]u u/L ;d'bfosf] k|of]usf nflu jfof]Uof;
KnfG6 lgdf{0f ubf{ k|fljlws ?kdf jfof]Uof; ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg] ;Ldf leq /xL aGg] !@ 3gld6/
eGbf j9L Ifdtfsf ;fd'bflos Knf06sf] cg'bfg /sdsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] k|s[of
k'¥ofpg'kg]{5 . o:tf] cg'bfg !@ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;b:o /x]sf] 3/w'/Ln] ;DjlGwt uflj; jf
gu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/; / k|df0fLs/0fsf cfwf/df k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-!_ s]Gb|af6 lgwf{l/t k|fljlws dfkb08 jdf]lhd dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL dfkm{t lgdf{0f ePsf
jfof]Uof; KnfG6x?nfO{ dfq cg'bfg lbOg]5 .
-@_ s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t l8hfO{g jdf]lhd Knf06 lgdf{0f ubf{ k|lt r'nf] Go"gtd $ 3g ld6/ Ifdtfsf]
x'g'kg]{5 .
-#_ ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] Knf06 lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos hUufsf] Joj:yf cfkm}n] ug'{kg]{5 .
olb To:tf] hUuf ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] eP :jfldTj x'g] lgsfosf] ;xdlt
;lxtsf] lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ jfof]Uof; KnfG6 lgdf{0f ug{ OR5's ;d'bfon] lgj]bg lb+bf ;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf]
gjLs/0f ;lxtsf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] btf{ k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk / pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{
;b:ox?sf] x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf] lg0f{osf] k|lt s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg{]5 . lgj]bgsf] ;fy dfGotf
k|fKt k/fdz{bftfåf/f tof/ ul/Psf] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ s]Gb|n] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoogsf] d"Nof+sg u/L cfjZos b]v]df cfly{s, k|fljlws tyf
jftfj/0fLo kIf ;lxtsf] lj:t[t ;e{]If0fsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .

13
 -^_ s]Gb|n] :jLs[t u/]sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{jf6
lj:t[t ;DefAotf cWoog u/fO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ s]Gb|n] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog jf lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;f] pk/
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L ;DefJo b]lvPdf jfof]Uof; KnfG6 lgdf{0fsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg]5 .
-*_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n]] KnfG6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fd ;lxt cGo cfjZos sfuhftx?
cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/; ;fy k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-(_ s]Gb|n] cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/x? k"/f ePsf] olsg u/L sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/;
ug{]5 . sf]ifn] cfkm' ;dIf k|fKt ePsf cg'bfgsf cfj]bg kmf/fd tyf sfuhft ;DjGwdf
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L ;j} k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] nfu]df cg'bfg :jLs[t u/L pkef]QmfnfO{
lbOg] cg'bfg /sdsf] () k|ltzt /sd dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL jf h8fgstf{x? dfkm{t e'QmfgL
lbg]5 .
-!)_ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs eP, gePsf] ;DalGwt k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos, s]Gb| jf s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] :jtGq k/fdz{bftfn] cg'udg ug]{5 . laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf z'Ns e'QmfgLsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ubf{ s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{sf]] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;Sg]5 . olb sDkgLn] lbOPsf]
;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs kfOPdf afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu s]Gb|n] sf]ifdf
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . olb ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPdf laqmL kZrftsf] ;]jf jfkt kfpg' kg{]
/sd jfof]Uof; KnfG6 dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-!!_ o:tf ;fd'bflos afof]Uof; Knf06sf] ;~rfng, dd{t ;Def/ tyf :jfldTjsf] lhDd]jf/L
;xsf/L, z}lIfs ;+:yfg, ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf lghL If]qsf] ;+:yfx?n] ;d]t lng ;Sg]5g .
-ª_ Jofj;flos jfof]Uof; KnfG6
ljleGg Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgx? h:t} s'v'/f kmfd{, ufO{ e};L uf]7, kz' awzfnf, ;fgf tyf 3/]n'
pBf]u h:tf lghL pBd cflbaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/sf] ;b'kof]u u/L pTkflbt jfof]Uof; cfkm\g}
k|of]hg jf laqmL k|of]hgsf nflu lgdf{0f ul/g] Knf06df cg'bfg /sdsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf]
k|s[of k'¥ofpg'kg]{5M—
-!_ Knf06 lgdf{0f ug{ OR5's k|lti7fgn] lgj]bg lb+bf sDkgL jf pBf]u btf{sf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|ltlnlk, af]8{ jf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] k|lt ;lxt dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftfn] u/]sf]
k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg k]z ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pQm cWoog k|ltj]bgnfO{ s]Gb|n] cWoog u/L lgwf{l/t dfkb08 k"/f ePsf] ;'lgZrt ePdf
lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf nflu s]Gb|n] l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-#_ lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog ;lxt dfGotf k|fKt lgdf{0f sDkgLn] s]Gb|df lj:t[t lgdf{0f of]hgf
k]z u/L cg'dlt lbPkl5 dfq sDkgLn] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n]] Knf06 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fd / cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? ;lxt
cg'bfgsf nflu s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ s]Gb|n] cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/x? k"/f ePsf] olsg u/L sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/;
ug{]5 . sf]ifn] cfkm' ;dIf k|fKt ePsf cg'bfgsf cfj]bg kmf/fd tyf sfuhft ;DjGwdf
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L ;j} k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] nfu]df cg'bfg :jLs[t ug]{5 . ;DalGwt
h8fgstf{ jf sDkgLn] a}+s Uof/]G6Ldf cg'bfg /sd lng rfx]df sf]ifn] s"n cg'bfg /sdsf]
$) k|ltzt ;Dd /sd k]ZsLsf] ?kdf pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 . lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/L sDkgLn]
k|ltj]bg k]z u/]kl5 s]Gb|n] d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L s"n cg'bfg /sdsf] %) k|ltzt /sd
e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-^_ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs eP, gePsf] ;DalGwt k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfos, s]Gb| jf s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] :jtGq k/fdz{bftfn] cg'udg ug]{5 . lalqm kl5sf] ;]jf z'Ns e'QmfgL ubf{ s]Gb|n]
14
 zfvf÷OsfO{sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;Sg]5 . sDkgLn] lbOPsf] ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs
kfOPdf afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu s]Gb|n] sf]ifdf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . ;]jf
;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPdf laqmL kZrftsf] ;]jf jfkt kfpg' kg{] /sd jfof]Uof; KnfG6 dd{t
;Def/sf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-r_ kmf]x/jf6 pTkfbg x'g] jfof]Uof;
gu/kflnsf jf gu/f]Gd'v If]qdf lghL If]qsf kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug{ k|ltj4tf hgfpg] sDkgL jf
;+:yfn] jfof]Uof; KnfG6 lgdf{0f ug{ rfx]df b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] k|s[of k'¥ofpg'kg]{5M—
-!_ kmf]x/jf6 pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{ OR5's sDkgL jf ;+:yfx?n] ;DjlGwt gu/kflnsf jf uflj;sf]
;xdlt ;lxt s]Gb|df btf{ k|df0f kq, s/ j'emfPsf] k|df0f, ;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws
Ifdtf :ki6 b]lvg] sfuhft ;fy lgj]bg k]z ug{' kg{]5 . ;f] lgj]bgsf] ;fy dfGotf k|fKt
k/fdz{bftfjf6 ul/Psf] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg klg k]z ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pQm cWoog k|ltj]bgnfO{ s]Gb|n] cWoog u/L lgwf{l/t dfkb08 k"/f ePsf] ;'lgZrt ePdf
lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf nflu s]Gb|n] l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-#_ lgdf{0f ul/g] Knf06x?sf nflu s]Gb|, ;DjlGwt gu/kflnsf jf uflj; / lghL sDkgL jf ;+:yf
aLr lqkIfLo ;Demf}tf ePsf] x'g' kb{5 . Knf06x?sf] :jfldTj gu/kflnsfn] lng'kg]{ ePtf
klg lghL sDkgL jf ;+:yfx?nfO{ Knf06 ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg
;lsg]5 .
-$_ lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog ;lxt kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug{ OR5's sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] s]Gb|df
lj:t[t lgdf{0f of]hgf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . s]Gb|af6 :jLs[lt ePkl5 dfq ;DjlGwt sDkgL jf
;+:yfn] Knf06 lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ kmf]x/af6 pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{ OR5's sDkgL jf ;+:yfx?n]] Knf06 lgdf{0f ;DkGg kmf/fd / cGo
cfjZos sfuhftx? ;lxt cg'bfgsf nflu s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5
-^_ s]Gb|n] cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/x? k"/f ePsf] olsg u/L sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf nflu l;kmfl/;
ug{]5 . sf]ifn] cfkm' ;dIf k|fKt ePsf cg'bfgsf cfj]bg kmf/fd tyf sfuhft ;DjGwdf
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L ;j} k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] nfu]df cg'bfg :jLs[t ug]{5 . ;DjlGwt
kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug{ OR5's sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] a}+s Uof/]G6Ldf cg'bfg /sd lng rfx]df
sf]ifn] s"n cg'bfg /sdsf] $) k|ltzt ;Dd /sd k]ZsLsf] ?kdf pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/L sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]kl5 s]Gb|n] d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L
s"n cg'bfg /sdsf] %) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-&_ kmf]x/af6 pmhf{ pTkfbg ug]{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Knf06 ;+rfng kl5sf] rf/ jif{df slDtdf
b'O{k6s laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf pknJw x'g] k|Tofe"lt lbg'kg{]5 . klxnf] laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf
pknAw ePkl5 % k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu s]Gb|n] sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{5 .
afFsL % k|ltzt /sd bf];|f] ljqmL kl5sf] ;]jf Kf|fKt u/]kl5 /sd e'QmfgLsf nflu s]Gb|n]
sf]ifdf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . t/ kmf]x/af6 pmhf{ pTkfbg ug]{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] klxnf] / bf]>f]
laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf pknJw u/]sf] gb]lvPdf cg'bfg /sdsf] @% k|ltzt /sd hl/jfgf jfkt\
sf]ifnfO{ ltg'{kg]{5 .
$=#=@ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
-s_ ;j} k|sf/sf jfof]Uof; KnfG6sf] :ynut cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg s]Gb|åf/f :jLs[t lgb]{lzsf
jdf]lhd ul/g]5 .
-v_ jfof]Uof; KnfG6sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu s]Gb|n] o; sfo{ljlwsf] cfwf/df cg'udgsf]
nflu :jtGq k/fdz{bftf dfkm{t u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

15
 -u_ ;DalGwt sDkgLx?n] lgwf{l/t cg'udg tyf u'0f:t/ lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd sfo{ gu/]df, laqmL
kl5sf] ;]jf k|bfg gu/]df, Knf06 lgdf{0f ;DkGg jf lgdf{0f gu/L cg'bfg bfjL u/]df, KnfG6
lgdf{0f ubf{ clgoldttf u/]df, :jLs[t dfkb08 jdf]lhdsf] KnfG6 lgdf{0f gu/]df jf Pp6}
Knf06 lgdf{0fdf bf]xf]/f] cg'bfg bfjL u/]df ;f]xL cfwf/df hl/jfgf, Ifltk"lt{ e/0f, lgnDjg /
;Demf}tf e+u ug{] ;d]tsf] sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
-3_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL jf h8fgstf{n] cfkm'n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] jfof]Uof; KnfG6x?sf] cfGtl/s
u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f / cg'udg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] # dlxgf
leq sf]if / s]Gb|df clgjfo{ ?kdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-8=_ sf]if / s]Gb|n] lhNnf :t/df zfvf÷OsfO{sf]] ;xof]udf sDkgL jf h8fgstf{sf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$=$ h}ljs pmhf{
$=$=! kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
$=$=!=! cg'bfgsf nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/x?
-s_ 3/fo;L kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
3/fo;L kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf]df cg'bfgsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhd zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5M—
-!_ s]Gb|af6 lgwf{l/t ;Dk"0f{ dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf :jLs[t df]8nsf Ps d'v], b'O{ d'v] / tLg d'v]
kmnfd] r'nf]df cg'bfg pknAw x'g]5 .
-@_ 3/fo;L kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf]sf] nflu ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 !%)) ld6/ jf ;f] eGbf dflysf]
prfO{df /x]sf 3/w'/LnfO{ cg'bfg lbO{g]5 . To:tf :yfgx?sf] lgwf{/0f 6f]kf] gSzf tyf
lhlkP; jf cN6Lld6/sf] ;xfotf lnO{ ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ s]Gb|af6 dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLsf tflnd k|fKt k|fljlwsx?af6 dfq r"nf] h8fg
sfo{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ ;'wfl/Psf] kmnfd] r"nf] h8fg u/] kl5 tf]lsPsf] cfj]bg kmf/d e/L kmf/fd ;fy pkef]Qmfsf]
gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL / r"nf] h8fg ePsf] 3/sf] efG5fsf]7fsf] @ k|lt t:jL/
;+nUg ug'{kg]{5 . klxnf] t:jL/df pkef]Qmf, h8fgstf{, h8fg u/]sf] r"nf] / lrDgLsf]
efG5fsf]7f leq kg]{ efu k"0f{ ?kdf b]lvPsf] x'g'kg]{5 eg], bf];|f] t:jL/df 3/jflx/jf6
efG5fsf]7fnfO{ k[i7e"dL agfO{ pkef]Qmf / h8fgstf{ ;Fu} a;]sf] tyf efG5f sf]7faf6 lrDgL
kfOk :ki6 lglSnPsf] b]lvg' kg]{5 .
-%_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] r'nf] h8fg kZrft cfjZos laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf pknJw
ePsf] lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
-v_ ;+:yfut kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf]
pRr lxdfnL tyf kxf8L If]qdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs ljBfno, ;fj{hlgs c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|,
k|x/L tyf ;}lgs Jof/]s, wfld{s :yn tyf cgfy cf>dx?df vfgf ksfpg] / sf]7f ttfpg]
k|of]hgsf nflu kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf]]df cg'bfgsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf k|s[of k'¥ofpg'
kg]{5M—
-!_ s]Gb|af6 lgwf{l/t ;Dk"0f{ dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf :jLs[t df]8nsf ;+:yfut b'O{ d'v] / tLg d'v]
kmnfd] r"nf]df cg'bfg pknAw x'g]5 .
-@_ s]Gb|af6 dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLsf tflnd k|fKt k|fljlwsx?af6 dfq h8fg
ug'{kg]{5 .

16
 -#_ kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf] /fVg OR5's ;+:yfn] ;+rfns ;ldlt jf Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 ePsf]
lg0f{o ;lxt ;+:yfsf] cg'/f]w kq, ;+:yf btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;fy zfvf÷OsfO{sf]
;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . lhlj;n] pQm lgj]bg ;lxtsf] sfuhftsf] d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr
u/L cg'bfgsf] nflu cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df h8fgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt
h8fgstf{ sDkgLnfO{ cg'dlt lbg]5 . cg'dlt k|fKt ePkl5 sDkgLn] r"nf] h8fg u/L
cg'bfg e'QmfgLsf nflu tf]lsPsf] cg'bfg cfj]bg 9fFrfdf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft ;lxt s]Gb|df
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;'wfl/Psf] kmnfd] r"nf] h8fg u/]kl5 tf]lsPsf] cfj]bg kmf/d e/L kmf/fd ;fy r"nf] h8fg
ePsf] ;+:yfsf] efG5fsf]7fsf] @ k|lt t:jL/ ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . klxnf] t:jL/df ;+:yfsf
k|ltlglw, h8fgsftf{, h8fg u/]sf] r"nf] / lrDgLsf] efG5fsf]7f leq kg]{ efu k"0f{ ?kdf
b]vfpg' kg]{5 eg] bf];|f] t:jL/df 3/jflx/jf6 ;+:yf÷efG5fsf]7fnfO{ k[i7e"ld agfO{ ;+:yfsf
k|ltlglw / h8fgstf{ ;Fu} a;]sf] tyf efG5f sf]7faf6 lrDgL kfOk lglSnPsf] b]lvg' kg]{5 .
b'j} t:jL/df ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw Ps} JolQm x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] r"nf] h8fg kZrft cfjZos laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ePsf]
lglZrt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ kmnfd] /s]6 r"nf]
pRr lxdfnL tyf kxf8L If]qdf vfgf ksfpg] / sf]7f ttfpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu b'O{ d'v] jf ;f]
eGbf sdsf kmnfd] /s]6 r"nf]df cg'bfgsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5M—
-!_ s]Gb|af6 lgwf{l/t ;Dk"0f{ dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf :jLs[t df]8nsf b'O{ d'v] jf ;f] eGbf sdsf
kmnfd] /s]6 r"nf]df cg'bfg pknAw x'g]5 .
-@_ s]Gb|af6 dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLsf tflnd k|fKt k|fljlwsaf6 dfq h8fg ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ kmnfd] /s]6 r'nf] h8fg u/]kl5 tf]lsPsf] cfj]bg kmf/d e/L cfj]bg kmf/d ;fy
pkef]Qmfsf] gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL / r'nf] h8fg ePsf] 3/sf] efG5fsf]7f tyf
r"nf] :ki6 b]lvg] u/L pkef]Qmf / h8fgstf{sf] Ps k|lt t:jL/ ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . lrDgL
h8fg ePsf] cj:yfdf eg] 3/jflx/jf6 3/÷efG5fsf]7fnfO{ k[i7e"dL agfO{ pkef]Qmf /
h8fgstf{ ;Fu} a;L efG5f sf]7faf6 lrDgL kfOk aflx/ lglSnPsf] yk csf]{ t:jL/ klg
;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] r"nf] h8fg u/]kl5 cfjZos laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ePsf]
;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{5 .
$=$=!=@ cg'bfg ljt/0f
-s_ s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf lglZrt l8hfOgsf 3/fo;L kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf], ;+:yfut kmnfd] ;'wfl/Psf]
r"nf], kmnfd] /s]6 r"nf]sf] nflu cg'bfg pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-v_ dfGotf k|fKt pTkfbg jf h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] r"nf] h8fg u/L lgwf{l/t cg'bfg kmf/fd e/L ;]jf
s]Gb|sf] Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cfjZos tYof+s /flv ;]jf s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt
cg'bfgsf] nflu s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] nlIft 3/w'/Ldf kmnfd] r"nf] nufot cGo h}ljs pmhf{ k|0ffnL h8fg u/L ;f]sf]
k|ltj]bg dfl;s ?kdf zfvf÷OsfO{sf] df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg / sfuhftx? k|fKt ePkl5 s]Gb|n] cg'bfgsf cfwf/, zt{ Pj+ sfuhft
cflb k"/f eP, gePsf] d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L cg'bfgsf nflu of]Uo ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg
:jLs[ltsf] nflu sf]if ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . sf]ifn] cfkm' ;dIf k|fKt ePsf cg'bfgsf cfj]bg
kmf/fd tyf sfuhft ;DjGwdf d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L ;j} k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg
:jLs[t ug]{5 .

17
 -ª_ cg'bfg :jLs[t ePkl5 sf]ifn] lgwf{l/t cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt /sd sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbO{
afFsL !) k|ltzt /sd laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] k|Tofe"lt jfkt w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf /fVg]5 .
-r_ laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf s]Gb| jf s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] :jtGq
k/fdz{bftf / zfvf÷OsfO{n] cg'udg ug]{5 . laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf z'Ns e'QmfgL ubf{ s]Gb|n] pQm
zfvf÷OsfO{sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;Sg]5 . ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs kfOPdf afFsL !) k|ltzt
cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifdf l;kmfl/; ul/g]5 . ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPdf laqmL
kZrftsf] ;]jf jfkt kfpg' kg{] /sd ;'wfl/Psf] r"nfsf]] dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 .
$=$=!=# cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
-s_ ;'wfl/Psf] kmnfd] r"nf]sf] u'0f:t/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt pTkfbgstf{ sDkgL4f/f
pTkfbg ePsf r"nf]x? ljt/0f ug'{ cufl8 pTkflbt r"nf] dWo] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt r"nf]sf]
gd"gf 5gf}6 u/L ;]jf s]Gb| jf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{af6 :ynut
cg'udg ul/g]5 .
-v_ ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf] h8fg eO{ cg'bfg e"QmfgL ePsf] Ps jif{ kl5 Go"gtd !) k|ltzt r"nf]sf]
gd'gf 5gf}6 -/¥of08d :ofDklnË_ lnO{ :ynut u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f tyf cg'udg ul/g]5 .
u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu s]Gb|n] :jtGq k/fdz{bftf jf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb| jf
;]jf s]Gb| / zfvf÷OsfO{n] r"nf]sf] gd"gf lnO{ :ynut cg'udg ug{;Sg]5 . tflnd k|fKt tyf
dfGotf k|fKt k|fljlwsx?jf6 dfq :ynut cg'udg sfo{ u/fOg]5 .
-u_ tf]lsPsf 9f+rfdf k|fKt ePsf tYof+snfO{ h}ljs pmhf{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL 8f6fj];df /fvL
ljZn]if0f ul/g]5 . o:tf ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt tYox? pTkfbgstf{, h8fgstf{ / ljt/0fstf{
sDkgLx?nfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg Pj+ k[i7kf]if0fsf] ?kdf pknJw u/fOg]5 . pQm tYof+s
;DjlGwt sDkgLaf6 laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|bfg gu/]] jfkt hl/jfgf nufpg], v/fa tyf sd
u'0f:t/sf] ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx?sf] k|of]u Pj+ bf]xf]/f] cg'bfg bfjL ug]{ jf cGo clgoldttf
ug]{ cflb sfo{x? jfkt b08 hl/jfgf ug{ ;d]t k|of]u ul/g]5 . b08 hl/jfgfsf] clwstd xb
sDkgLsf] dfGotf vf/]h ;Ddsf] x'g]5 .
-3_ s]Gb|n] lgoldt ?kdf tyf ph'/L jf clgoldttf ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df cfjZostfg';f/
:ynut cg'udg Pj+ hfFr ;d]t ug{;Sg]5 . s]Gb|n] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb| dfkm{t
h}ljs pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] lj:t[t k|fljlws kl/If0f u/fO{ cfjZos ;'wf/sf nflu k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
;DalGwt sDkgLx?nfO{ pknJw u/fOg]5 .
$=$=@ kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/ k|0ffnL
$=$=@=! cg'bfgsf] nflu k"/f ug"{kg]{ cfwf/x?
kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/sf] cg'bfgsf] nflu b]xfo jdf]lhdsf zt{x? k"/f ug'{ kg]{5M–
-s s]Gb|jf6 :jLs[t l8hfOgsf kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/df dfq cg'bfg lbOg]5 .
-v_ s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLåf/f pTkfbg jf cfoft, ljt/0f tyf h8fg ePsf] kmnfd]
Uofl;kmfo/sf nflu dfq cg'bfg k|fKt x'g]5 .
-u_ ;DjlGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] sDkgL, ;+:yfx? jf ;+ul7t ;d"xx? h:t} cfdf ;d"x, pkef]Qmf
;d"x, :yfgLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ dfq cg'bfg pknAw x'g]5 .
-3_ kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/sf] cg'bfgsf lglDt dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL tyf pkef]Qmf b'j}sf]
x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf] ;+EffJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg, ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L jf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]
lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk / ;+:yfsf] btf{ k|df0f kq ;+nUg u/L dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgL
dfk{mt s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . gfkmfd"ns sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] xsdf cl3Nnf] cfly{s aif{sf] s/
lt/]sf] k|df0f kq ;d]t k]z ug{' kg]{5 .

18
 -ª_ s]Gb|df k]z x'g cfPsf] ;+EffJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L h8fgsf] nflu
:jLs[t u/]kl5 h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] h8fg u/L lgwf{l/t cg'bfg kmf/fd e/L cg'bfgsf nflu
k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-r_ h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/ KnfG6 lgdf{0f :yndf 9'jfgL u/]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L
;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] s]Gb|nfO{ lbPkl5 s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t To;sf] :yfnut
lgl/If0f u/fO{ 9'jfgL u/]sf] ;'lglZrttf ePkl5 s]Gb|n] cg'bfgsf] %) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt
sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{]5 . sf]ifn] cfjZos d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L
cg'bgsf nflu ;j} k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df e'QmfgL ug]{5 . afFsL $) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd
h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ePkl5 e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ul/g]5 .
-5_ h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/ /fd|/L ;+rfng x'g] ;'lglZrt ug{ h8fg ul/Psf] Ps
jif{ ;Dd laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf lbg' kg]{ 5 .
-h_ dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] k|To]s kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/ k|0ffnL;Fu} dd{t ;+ef/ ;DjGwL
k'l:tsf pkef]QmfnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
$=$=@=@ cg'bfg ljt/0f
-s_ cg'bfgsf] nflu s]Gb|åf/f dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ sDkgLx?n] pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] lgj]bg kq,
kmnfd] Uof;Lkmfo/ k|0ffnLsf] laqmL ljhs / lgwf{l/t cg'bfg kmf/fd e/L s]Gb|df k]z ug{'
kg]{5 .
-v_ lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 s]Gb|n] cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/÷zt{ Pjd sfuhft
cflb d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L sf]ifnfO{ cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-u_ sf]ifn] cfkm' ;dIf k|fKt ePsf cg'bfgsf cfj]bg kmf/fd tyf sfuhft ;DjGwdf d"Nof+sg
Pjd hfFr u/L ;j} k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg :jLs[t ug]{5 .
-3_ cg'bfg :jLs[t ePkl5 pkef]QmfnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt sDkgL dfkm{t e'QmfgL
lbO{g]5 . jfFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|Tofel"t jfkt w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf
/flvg]5 . Ps jif{ kl5 h8fg kl5sf] ;]jfsf] d"Nof+sg / pkef]Stfsf] ;Gt'li6 ;lxtsf]
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df pQm /sd e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
$=$=@=# cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
h8fg ul/Psf kmnfd] Uofl;kmfo/sf] :ynut cg'udg tyf hfFr s]Gb| cfkm}n] jf zfvf÷OsfO{ jf
;]jf s]Gb| jf :jtGq k/fdz{bftfx? dfkm{t ul/g]5 . h8fg kl5 Ps jif{ ;Dd Uofl;kmfo/ /fd|f];Fu
;+rfng ePsf] kfOPdf afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd h8fgstf{ sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ s]Gb|n]
sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . :ynut cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYof+s tyf hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df sDkgLsf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg ul/g]5 . sf]if / s]Gb|n] lgoldt?kdf jf cfjZostfg';f/ ph'/L jf
k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df :ynut cg'udg tyf hfFr ;d]t ug]{5 .

$=% ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§

$=%=! cg'bfg ljt/0f
;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§sf] cg'bfg ljt/0f b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5M—
-s_ s]Gb|n] ;]jf s]Gb|, :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L ;+:yf, 3§ wgLx?sf] ;+3 / ;fdfg Pjd pks/0f
pTkfbsx?sf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-v_ ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL3§ h8fg ug{ rfxg] OR5's 3§wgLx?n] cfkm\gf] lhNnfdf 3§ wgL ;+3 jf
dfGotf k|fKt :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf dfkm{t tf]lsPsf] cg'bfg cfj]bg kmf/fd ;fy 3§
wgLx?sf] ;+3sf] ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxt cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft k]z
19
 ug'{kg]{5 . t/ gofF ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§ h8fg ug'{ k/]df 5'§} cfj]bg kmf/fd e/L k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ h8fg ;DkGg ePkl5 o; ;DjGwL k|ltj]bg :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yfn] ;]jf s]Gb|sf] cltl/Qm !
k|lt k|ltj]bg lhNnf pmhf{ tyf jftfj/0f zfvf÷OsfO{df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-3_ :yfgLo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?n] 3§wgLnfO{ ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§ h8fg ePkl5 dd{t ;+ef/
k'l:tsf pknJw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-ª_ :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L ;+:yf jf pTkfbs sDkgLn] h8fg u/]sf] ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§sf nflu
sDtLdf tLg jif{sf] k|Tofe"lt lbg' kg]{5 . pQm cjlwdf h8fg ;DjGwL s'g} ;d:of b]lvPdf
:yfgLo ;fem]bf/L ;+:yf tyf pTkfbsn] dd{t Pj+ ;Def/ ;]jf pknJw u/fpg'kg]{5 . olb
lgdf{0f ;DjGwL q'6L b]lvPdf kfgL 3§sf] ls6 pTkfbsn] dd{t ;Def/ u/L cfjZos ePdf
;fdfg tyf pks/0f clgjfo{?kdf km]g'{kg]{5 .
-r_ :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L ;+:yfn] dfGotf k|fKt pTkfbs sDkgLn] pTkfbg u/]sf] tyf jgfPsf]
;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§;Fu ;DjGwL pks/0f dfq k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .
-5_ cg'bfg gLltdf pNn]lvt æsÆ / ævÆ ju{df kg]{ uflj;x?df kfgL 3§sf] ;'wf/, h8fg tyf
3§jf6 ljB'tLs/0f ug{sf nflu ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-h_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] dfly -u_ df pNn]lvt h8fg k|ltj]bg cWoog u/L tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 jdf]lhd
h8fg ul/Psf dWo] slDtdf #) k|ltzt 3§x? :ynut lg/LIf0f u/L cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu
l;kmfl/; ;fy s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L k]z ePsf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx? s]Gb|n] d"Nof+sg
Pjd hfFr u/L ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]lvPdf sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-em_ sf]ifn] yk d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L cg'bfg ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg
:jLs[t u/L cg'bfg /sdsf] () k|ltzt /sd :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf jf dfGotf k|fKt
;fdfg tyf pks/0f pTkfbs sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 . afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd
w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf /fvL Ps jif{sf] k|Tofe"lt cjlw kl5 s]Gb|n] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt 3§sf] 5gf}6
u/L dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftfåf/f ul/Psf] cg'udgsf] cfwf/df /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
$=%=@ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
-s_ kfgL 3§sf] ;'wf/ tyf h8fg kl5 u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf / h8fg ePsf] k|dfl0fs/0f ;DjGwdf
s]Gb| cfkm} jf :jtGq k/fdz{bftf4f/f sDtLdf !) k|ltzt hl8t ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§sf]
:ynut cg'udg tyf u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ul/g]5 . t/ :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yfn] !) j6f eGbf
sd kfgL 3§ h8fg u/]df ;j} kfgL 3§x?sf] u'0f:t/ lglZrttfsf] nflu :ynut lg/LIf0f
ug'{kg]{5 .
-v_ s]Gb|n] kfgL 3§ ;DjGwL lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;fy} ;]jf s]Gb|, :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf / pTkfbs
sDkgLx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{5 .
-u_ s]Gb|n] :jtGq k/fdz{bftfåf/f k|To]s @ jif{df k|efj ;DjGwL d"Nof+sg / pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;Gtl'i6
;DaGwL cWoog u/fpg]5 .
$=%=# b08 hl/jfgf
-s_ ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§sf] :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ o;sf] s'g} ;+/rgf jf h8fg ul/Psf] k|0ffnLdf
q'l6 b]lvP jf ;'wf/ ug{'kg{] eP ;f]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L ;DjlGwt :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf Pjd
ls6 pTkfbs sDkgLnfO{ u/fO{g]5 .

20
-v_ kfgL 3§sf] ;'wf/ u/L sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] hfgsf/L ;lxt ;DjlGwt :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf
Pjd ls6 pTkfbs sDkgLn] bf]>f] k6s :ynut lg/LIf0fsf] nflu ;]jf s]Gb|df lgj]bg
lbg'kg]{5 .
-u_ lgj]bg k|fKt eP kl5 ;]jf s]Gb|n] bf]>f] k6s :ynut lg/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . bf];|f]
k6ssf] lg/LIf0fdf ;d]t s'g} ;+/rgf jf h8fg ul/Psf] k|0ffnLdf q'6L b]lvP jf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
eP t]>f] k6ssf] lg/LIf0fdf nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ;DjlGwt :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf Pjd ls6
pTkfbs sDkgL :jo+n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . t]>f]] k6ssf] lg/LIf0fdf ;d]t tf]lsP cg';f/sf] sfo{
;DkGg ePsf] gkfO{Pdf ;DjlGwt :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf Pjd ls6 pTkfbs sDkgLn] cg'bfg
/sdsf] @)) k|ltzt ;Dd h/Ljfgf ltg'{kg]{5 .
-3_ hl/jfgf jfktsf] /sd ga'emfPdf ;DjlGwt :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf Pjd ls6 pTkfbs
sDkgLnfO{ sDtLdf Ps jif{ lgnDag ul/g]5 . lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ s]Gb| dfkm{t cg'bfgdf yk
;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§ h8fg Pjd lgdf{0f u/]sf] kfOPdf :yfgLo ;fem]bf/L :f+:yf Pjd ls6
pTkfbs sDkgLsf] dfGotf :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .

21
%= cg'bfgsf cfwf/ tyf ljt/0f Joj:yfM u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f
s'g} dfWodjf6 ljB't ;]jf pknJw gePsf If]qx?df ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL, n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't,
jfo' pmhf{ jf h}ljs pmhf{ k|ljlw dfkm{t ljB't ;]jf pknJw u/fOg] 5 .
%=! 3/]n ;f}o{ ljB't k|0fffnL
-s_ ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL tyf o; ;DaGwL ;fdfg Pjd pks/0fx? k|of]uzfnfdf k/LIf0f ug{,
u/fpgsf nflu lghL If]qsf sDkgL tyf o;sf ;+hfnx? / gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb|
;fd"lxs ?kdf pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .
-v_ ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL, k|0ffnLsf ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx?sf] xsdf pQm k/LIf0f s]Gb|n] g]kfn
kmf]6f]ef]N6fOs u'0f:t/ dfkb08sf] kfngf eP, gePsf] k|dfl0ft ug{]5 . ;DjlGwt ;f}o{ pmhf{
sDkgLx?n] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb|jf6 ;f}o{ pmhf{;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx?
kl/If0f u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-u_ s]Gb|n] lgwf{l/t dfkb08 / sfo{ljlw adf]lhdsf k|dfl0ft ;fdfg tyf pks/0f dfq sDkgLx?n]
laqmL, ljt/0f ug'{kg{]5 .
-3_ pQm k/LIf0f s]Gb|jf6 k|dfl0ft x'g' cuf8L sDkgLn] laqmL ljt/0f u/]df s]Gb|n] ;DalGwt
sDkgLnfO{ cg'udg tyf u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd b08 hl/jfgf u/L ;"rLs[taf6
x6fpg ;Sg]]5 .
-ª_ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\n] ;f}o{ ljB't k|fljlws tx ! / @ sf] l;k kl/If0f
k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfddf ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{5 .
-r_ ;f}o{ k|0ffnL;+u ;DalGwt ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx?sf] cfoft, pTkfbg, ljt/0f Pj+ laqmL kl5sf]
;]jf k|bfg ug{ lghL If]qsf sDkgL tyf o;sf ;+hfnx? pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .
%=!=! cg'bfgsf] nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/x?
cg'bfgsf nflu ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLn] b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5M–
-s_ cGo dfWodåf/f ljBtLs/0f gePsf If]qsf g]kfnL gful/sx?nfO{ dfq tf]lsPsf] ;f}o{ ljB't
k|0ffnLdf cg'bfg pknAw x'g]5 .
-v_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? tyf o;sf k|ltlglw jf laqm]tfn] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb|n]
k|dfl0ft u/]sf] ;fdfg tyf pks/0f dfq k|of]u u/L ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL h8fg ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\åf/f sDtLdf ;f}o{ ljB't k|fljlws tx ! kf;
u/]sf] k|dfl0ft k|fljlwsn] dfq ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] h8fg u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
-3_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] h8fg:ynd} laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|of{Kt dfqfdf pknJw u/fPsf]
;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
-8=_ s]Gb|af6 tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfsf] cg'bfg kmf/d h8fg :yndfg} el/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-r_ ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf nflu cfj]bg kmf/d ;fy pkef]Qmfsf] gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL /
k|0ffnL h8fg ePsf] 3/sf] @ k|lt :ki6?kdf b]lvPsf] t:jL/ ;+nUg u/L k]z ug'{kg{]5 . klxnf]
t:jL/n] h8fg u/]sf] 3/df ;f}o{ kftf -Kofgn_ sf] k"/f t:jL/ ljz]ifu/L pko'Qm sf]0faf6
Kofgnsf] cuf8Lsf] efu :ki6;fy b]lvg'kb{5 . bf];|f] t:jL/n] pQm 3/nfO{ k[i7e"ld agfO{
pkef]Qmf / h8fgstf{;Fu} b]lvg' kg]{5 .
%=!=@ cg'bfg ljt/0f
-s_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] kq;fy 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] cg'bfgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t cfj]bg
kmf/fd s]Gb|df k]z ug{'kg]{5 .
22
 -v_ s]Gb|n] sDkgLx?nfO{ j9Ldf !@) lbgsf] lglZrt ;dofjlw /flv sDkgLx?sf] ljutsf]
sfo{Ifdtf, ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx?sf] laqmL ljt/0f tyf df}Hbftsf] cfwf/df cg'bfg cfj]bg
kmf/d ljt/0f ug]{5 . sDkgLx?n] lgwf{l/t ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u u/L cg'bfg cfj]bg kmf/d /
tYofÍsx?sf] ljB'tLo k|lt -On]S6«f]lgs k|ltlnkL_ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-u_ cfj]bg kmf/fd k|fKt ePkl5 s]Gb|n] cfkm} jf k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]udf cfjZos k|f/lDes
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L pko'Qm b]v]df sf]ifnfO{ a}+s k|Tofe"lt jfkt cg'bfg /sdsf] &)
k|ltzt /sd ;Dd k]ZsLsf] ?kdf e'QmfgL lbg l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 . sf]ifn] cfkmgf] k|lqmof
cg';f/ plrt nfu]df pQm k]ZsL /sd e'QmfgL lbg ;Sg]5 .
-3_ s]Gb|n] cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/ Pjd zt{ / sfuhftx? d"Nof+sg u/L ;Dk"0f{
k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] ;'lgZlrt ePkl5 j9Ldf ^) lbgleq sf]ifnfO{ cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-ª_ sf]ifn] cfj]bgx?sf] yk d"Nof+sg Pj+ hfFr u/L zt{x? tyf k|lqmofx? k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg
:jLs[lt u/L pkef]QmfnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt /sd -k]ZsL /sdsf] km/kmf/s ;lxt_
;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
-r_ jfFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|Tofel"t jfkt w/f}6L /sdsf] ?kdf
/flvg]5 .
-5_ Ps jif{ kl5 laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|n] w/f}6L /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu
sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-h_ ;f}o{ phf{df k|of]u x'g] Aof6«L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Aof6«L ef}r/df pNn]v ul/Psf] /sd cg'bfg
/sdjf6 s§f u/L 5'6\6} vftf vf]nL u/L Aof6«L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 . t/ pQm s§f
ul/g] /sd cg'bfg /sdsf] !) k|ltzt eGbf j9L x'g]5}g\ .
%=!=# cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / b08 tyf hl/jfgf
-s_ cg'bfg e'QmfgL ePsf] Ps jif{ kl5 h8fg ul/Psf ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL dWo] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt
kmf§km'§ ?kdf gd"gf -/¥of08d :ofDklnË_ lnO{ dfGotf k|fKt :jtGq k/fdz{bftfjf6 :ynut
cg'udg ul/g]5 . ;f}o{ pmhf{sf] Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL 8f6fa]; jf6 sDKo"6/fO{H8 k|0ffnL
dfkm{t To:tf] gd"gf lnO{g]5 . s]Gb|¢f/f tflnd lbOPsf dfGotf k|fKt k|fljlwsx? Dffq :ynut
cg'udgsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5g .
-v_ :ynut cg'udgjf6 k|fKt ePsf tYof+snfO{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL 8f6fa];df /fvL
d"Nof+sg ul/g]5 / sDkgLx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg tyf auL{/0f -u|]l8ª_ sf] nflu ;d]t
o;nfO{ cfwf/sf] ?kdf lnOg]5 .
-u_ dfly pNn]lvt tYof+s laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf k|bfg u/], gu/] jfkt hl/jfgf nufpg], v/fa tyf
sd u'0f:t/sf] ;fdfg tyf pks/0fsf] k|of]u Pj+ bf]xf]/f] cg'bfg bfjL ug{] jf cGo clgoldttf
ug{] cflb sfo{x? jfkt hl/jfgf nufpg ;d]t k|of]u ul/g]5 . b08 hl/jfgfsf] clwstd xb
sDkgLsf] dfGotf vf/]h ;Ddsf] x'g]5 . dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftfx?jf6 x'g] :ynut lgl/If0fsf
cltl/Qm sf]if / s]Gb|sf sd{rf/Lx?n] lgoldt Pj+ cfjZostf cg';f/ :ynut cg'udg tyf
hfFr ug{]5g\ .
-3_ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb|n] ;d]t ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|fljlws kIfx?sf] :ynut
cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg u/L To:tf k|ltj]bg cfjZos ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0fsf] ?kdf
;DalGwt sDkgLx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-ª_ h8fg :ynaf6 k|fKt tYof+s Pjd hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df ;DjlGwt sDkgLsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nof+sg ul/g] / sDkgLn] h8fg gu/L cg'bfg bfjL u/]df, csf]{ :yfgdf h8fg u/]df, h8fg
ubf{ q[6L u/]df jf clgoldttf u/]sf] kfOPdf / tf]lsPsf] k|fljlws dfkb08 ljkl/tsf pks/0f
Pjd ;fdfgx? k|of]u u/]sf] kfOPdf u'0f:t/ k|Tofe"lt tyf cg'udg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ hl/jfgf
23
 ul/g]5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm sf]if / s]Gb|n] lgoldt?kdf jf cfjZostfg';f/ ph'/L tyf
k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df :ynut cg'udg tyf hfFr ug]{5 .
%=@ ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL
%=@=! cg'bfgsf] nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/x?
cg'bfgsf nflu b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5M—
-s_ cGo dfWodåf/f ljB'tLs/0f gePsf] If]qsf g]kfnL gful/sx?nfO{ dfq tf]lsPsf] ;fgf 3/]n'
;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLdf cg'bfg pknAw x'g]5 .
-v_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? tyf o;sf dfGotf k|fKt k|ltlglw jf ljqm]tfn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] ;fdfg
tyf pks/0f dfq k|of]u u/L ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ k|0ffnL h8fg ug'{kg]{5 . u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf
ug{ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k/LIf0f s]Gb|åf/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf ;fdfg tyf pks/0fx? dfq k|of]u
ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] :yfgLo :t/dfg} laqmL kl5sf] kof{Kt ;]jf pknJw x'g]5 eGg] s'/f
;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf nflu ljs]|tf sDkgLn] ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ k|0ffnL ljqmL u/]sf] lhNnf
;b/d'sfddf clgjfo{ ?kdf dd{t ;]jf lbg ;Sg] ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ jf :yflkt To:tf
;]jf s]Gb| jf Joj;foL;Fu lnlvt ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ s]Gb|åf/f lgwf{l/t dfu kmf/fd e/L cg'bfgsf] dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf pkef]Qmfn]
lbg] lgj]bg, lhlj; / uflj;sf]] l;kmfl/;, qm]tf ljqm]tfsf] ;fdfg a'em]sf] a'emfPsf] k|df0f /
sDkgLn] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug{] lgj]bg Pp6} kmf/fddf x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
%=@=@ cg'bfg dfu ug{ k"/f ug'{kg{] k|s[of
-s_ lgwf{l/t cg'bfg cfj]bg tyf l;kmfl/; kmf/fd of]Uotf k|fKt sDkgLx?nfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-v_ ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL h8fg ug{ rfxg] 3/w'/Ln] cg'bfg cfj]bg tyf l;kmfl/; ;DjGwL
kmf/fd e/L ;DjlGwt uflj; sfo{no jf gu/kflnsfsf] j8f sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .
-u_ lgj]bsn] k]z u/]sf] ljj/0f /mh' tyf cfjZos hfFra'em u/L ;DjlGwt uflj; jf j8f
sfof{non] æhf] h; ;+u ;DjlGwt 5 elgÆ cg'bfgsf] nflu ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL vl/b
ug{ lgj]bs of]Uo ePsf] Joxf]/fsf] l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ pkef]Qmfn] uflj;df lbPsf] lgj]bg, uflj; jf j8fsf] l;kmfl/;, ljs|L ul/Psf] k|0ffnLsf] ljj/0f,
pkef]Qmfn] k|0ffnL a'lemlnPsf] ekf{O ;lxt ;DalGwt sDkgLn] zfvf÷OsfO{df l;kmfl/;sf nflu
k]z ug'{kg]{5 / lhlj;n] ljj/0fsf] oyfy{ nut ptf/L l;kmfl/; ug]{5g\ . zfvf÷OsfO{n]
;DalGwt sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf lgj]bgx?df z+sf nfu]df cfjZos hfFra'´ u/L sDkgLnfO{ lkmtf{
u/L ;f]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L s]Gb|df u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-ª_ To;/L k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg kmf/fdx?sf] ljj/0f uflj; / zfvf÷OsfO{n] cWofjlws u/L /fVg'kg]{5 .
-r_ pkef]Qmfn] uflj;df lbPsf] lgj]bg, uflj; jf j8fsf] l;kmfl/;, ljs|L ul/Psf] k|0ffnLsf] ljj/0f,
pkef]Qmfn] k|0ffnL a'lemlnPsf] ekf{O, zfvf÷OsfO{sf] l;kmfl/; ;d]t /x]sf] cfj]bg tyf
l;kmfl/; kmf/fd sDkgLsf] cflwsfl/s JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ / 5fk ;lxt cg'bfg /sd sf nflu
s]Gb|df lgj]bg ;fy k]z ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L lgj]bg k]z ubf{ Ps k6sdf Go"gtd @) j6f kmf/fd
k]z ug{'kg{]5 .
-5_ s]Gb|n] lgj]bg pk/ cfjZos cWoog tyf hfFr u/L cfjZos ljj/0fnfO{ sDKo"6/ 8f6fj]zdf
/fvL cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{]5 .
-h_ sf]ifn] cfjZos hfFr Pjd d'Nof+sg u/L pko'Qm b]v]df ;DjlGwt sDkgL cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgL
ug]{5 .

24
 %=@=# cg'bfg ljt/0f
-s_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?n] kq;fy ;fgf 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] cg'bfgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t
cfj]bg kmf/fd zfvf÷OsfO{sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt s]Gb|df k]z ug{'kg]{5 .
-v_ s]Gb|n] sDkgLx?nfO{ a9Ldf !@) lbgsf] lglZrt ;dofjlw lbO{ pgLx?sf] ljutsf] sfo{Ifdtf,
;fdfg tyf pks/0fx?sf] laqmL ljt/0f tyf df}Hbftsf] cfwf/df cg'bfg cfj]bg kmf/d ljt/0f
ug]{5 . sDkgLx?n] lgwf{l/t ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u u/L cg'bfg cfj]bg kmf/d / tYofÍsx?sf]
ljB'tLo k|lt -On]S6«f]lgs k|ltlnkL_ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-u_ cfj]bg kmf/fd k|fKt ePkl5 s]Gb|n] cfkm} jf k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]udf cfjZos k|f/lDes
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L pko'Qm b]v]df sf]ifnfO{ a}+s k|Tofe"lt jfkt cg'bfg /sdsf] &)
k|ltzt /sd ;Dd k]ZsLsf] ?kdf e'QmfgL lbg l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 . sf]ifn] d"Nof+sg Pjd
hfFr u/L pko'Qm b]v]df k]ZsL /sd e'QmfgL lbg ;Sg]5 .
-3_ s]Gb|n] cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/ Pjd zt{ / sfuhftx? d"Nof+sg u/L ;Dk"0f{
k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] ;'lgZlrt ePkl5 a9Ldf ^) lbg leq sf]ifnfO{ cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-ª_ sf]ifn] cfj]bgx?sf] yk d"Nof+sg Pj+ hfFr u/L zt{x? tyf k|lqmofx? k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg
:jLs[lt u/L pkef]QmfnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt /sd -k]ZsL /sdsf] km/kmf/s ;lxt_
;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 . jfFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf
k|Tofel"t jfkt w/f}6L /sdsf] ?kdf /flvg]5
-r_ Ps jif{ kl5 laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|n] w/f}6L /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu
sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-5_ ;f}o{ phf{df k|of]u x'g] Aof6«L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Aof6«L ef}r/df pNn]v ul/Psf] /sd cg'bfg
/sdjf6 s§f u/L 5'§} vftf vf]nL u/L Aof6«L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 . t/ pQm s§f
ul/g] /sd cg'bfg /sdsf] !) k|ltzt eGbf j9L x'g]5}g\ .
%=@=$ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / b08 tyf hl/jfgf
sf]ifjf6 cg'bfg pknAw u/fOPsf ;fgf ;f}o{ k|0ffnLx?sf] nut s]Gb|df /flvg]5 . pQm nut
cg';f/ ljleGg ;dodf b]zsf ljleGg If]qx?x?df h8fg ul/Psf ;fgf ;f}o{ k|0ffnLx?sf] k|of]u af6
pkef]Qmfx?df k/]sf] k|efjsf] :ynut cWoog ul/g'sf ;fy} s]Gb|, zfvf÷OsfO{, uflj;, ;]jf s]Gb| /
cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] ;xof]u lnO :ynut cg'udg ug{
;Sg]5 .

%=# ;fgf tyf n3' hnljB't dfkm{t ljB'tLs/0f

!))) lsnf]jf6 jf ! d]ufjf6 ;Ddsf Ifdtf ;Ddsf hnljB't cfof]hgf dfkm{t /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOg
/ lgs6 eljiodf ;d]t k|;f/0f nfOg k'Ug] ;Defjgf gePsf If]qx?df ljB'tLs/0f sfo{qmdnfO{
k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
%=#=! cfof]hgf klxrfg / ;DefJotf cWoog
-s_ !))) ls=jf= Ifdtf ;Ddsf n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfnfO{ dfq cfjZos k|fljlws
;xof]u / cfly{s ;xof]u pknJw u/fOg]5 .
-v_ !) lsnf]jf6 Ifdtf ;Ddsf n3' hnljB't -lksf] xfO{8«f]_ cfof]hgfsf] xsdf lhlj;n] ;DefJotf
cWoogsf] d"Nof+sg u/L cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf lglZrt ug'{sf] ;fy} cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu
s]Gb|df l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .

25
 -u_ !) lsnf]jf6 Ifdtf eGbf dflysf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf s]Gb|n] cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws tyf ljlQo
;DefJotf cWoogsf] d"Nof+sg ug{]5 .
-3_ s]Gb|n] goFf n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] lj:t[t ;+efJotf cWoog ug{
b]xfojdf]lhsf] /sd eGbf j9L gx'g]u/L k|lt cfof]hgf s"n ;DefJotf cWoog nfutsf]
clwstd *) Kf|ltzt ;Dd cfly{s ;xof]u pknJw u/fOg]5 .

lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf] nflu lbOg] cfly{s ;xof]u -?=df_

!) %) ls=jf= !)) ls=jf=
:yfg % ls=jf= eGbf
% ls=jf= ;Dd ls=jf=eGbf eGbf dfly eGbf dfly
dfly !) ls=jf=
dfly %) !)) ls=jf= !))) ls=jf=
;Dd
ls=jf= ;Dd ;Dd ;Dd
æsÆ ju{sf ?=
?= %),))) ?= (),))) ?=@(%,))) ?=!@,)),)))
uflj;x? @@%,)))
ævÆ ju{sf ?= $),))) ?= *),)))
?=@)),))) ?=@&%,))) ?=!!,)),)))
uflj;x?
æuÆ ju{sf ?= #),))) ?= &),))) ?=
?=!&%,))) ?=@%),)))
uflj;x? !),)),)))

-ª_ n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf] nflu s]Gb|jf6 lnlvt
:jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ dfq cfly{s ;xof]u pknJw u/fOg]5 . t/ :jLs[lt glnO{
;DefJotf cWoog ul/Psf cfof]hgfx? cfly{s ;xof]usf] nflu of]Uo gePklg cg'bfgsf nflu
eg] of]Uo x'g] 5g\ .
-r_ !)) lsnf]jf6 :fDdsf cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog s]Gb|af6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? /
dfGotf k|fKt k|fljlwsx?af6 lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd u/fO{Gf]5 .
-5_ !)) lsnf]jf6 eGbf dfly !))) ls=jf= Ifdtf ;Ddsf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf s]Gb|n] ;DjlGwt
lgsfodf btf{ ePsf sDkgLx?af6 v'nf k|lt:kwf{df lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog lgb]{lzsf
adf]lhd cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{sf] lnlvt cg'/f]wdf ;DefJotf cWoog u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
%=#=!=! lj:t[t :fDefJotf cWoog ug]{ k|lqmof
-s_ !) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf n3' hnljB't -lksf] xfO8«f]_ / ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§ ljB'lts/0f cfof]hgfsf]]
nfluM
O{R5's cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] cfof]hgf dfu kmf/fd e/L ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb| jf
zfvf÷OsfO{df k]z ug]{5g\ . cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf
s]Gb|sf] ;xlhs/0fdf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftf sDkgLx? / dfGotf
k|fKt k|fljlwsx? dfkm{t ug]{ 5g .

-v_ !) ls=jf= eGbf dfly !)) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf cfof]hgfsf] nfluM

-!_ O{R5's cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] cfof]hgf dfu kmf/fd e/L ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|
jf zfvf÷OsfO{df k]z ug]{5g\ .
-@_ cfof]hgsf] k|f/lDes ;j]{If0fsf] sfd s]Gb|n] ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t l:ylt
klxrfg tyf k|dfl0fs/0f u/]sf] cfwf/df ;]jf s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{n] ug]{5g . l:ylt klxrfg
tyf k|dfl0fs/0f cWoog gePsf] cj:yfdf ;]jf s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{n] cfof]hgf
lgdf{0fstf{sf] dfunfO{ k|fyldlss/0f u/L k|f/lDes ;j]{If0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . cfof]hgf
26
 lgdf{0fstf{ cfkm}n] Kf|fljlwsx? Dffkm{t k|f/lDes ;j]{If0f u/L k|ltj]bg ;lxt cfof]hgfsf] dfu
;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ lj:t[t ;j]{If0f u/fpgsf] nflu cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] k|lt:kwf{Tds k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df
s]Gb|af6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dWo]af6 sDtLdf # j6f sDkgLjf6 l;njGbL sf]6]zg lnO{
sDkgL 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfjZos ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
5gf}6 ePsf sDkgLn] s]Gb|4f/f lgwf{l/t lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ lj:t[t
;j]{If0f tyf l8hfOg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt;]jf s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ lj:t[t ;j]{If0f / l8hfO{g s]Gb|af6 dfGotf k|fKt k|fljlwsx? Dffkm{t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf k]z ePsf lj:t[t ;j]{If0f tyf l8hfOg k|ltj]bgsf] cfjZos
d"NofÍg tyf hfFr u/L k|fljlws / cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu ;DjlGwt lhlj;sf] l;kmfl/;
;lxt s]Gb|df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] lj:t[t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg cg'';f/ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eP, gePsf]
;'lglZrt ug{ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f cjlw leq sDtLdf b'O{ k6s cfof]hgfsf] :ynut lgl/If0f
u/L cfof]hgfsf] gSzf+sg ;lxt u'0f:t/ lgl/If0fsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ !)) eGbf dfly !))) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
-!_ O{R5's cfof]hgf lgd+f{0fstf{n] ljB't ljsf; ljefuaf6 lnPsf] :jLs[lt kq ;fy s]Gb|n]
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfof]hgf dfu kmf/fd e/L ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{df k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ lj:t[t ;j]{If0f u/fpgsf] nflu cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{sf] cg'/f]wdf s]Gb|n] k|rlnt sfg"g
jdf]lhd sDkgL 5gf}6 ug]{5 . 5gf}6 ePsf] sDkgLn] s]Gb|4f/f lgwf{l/t lj:t[t ;DefJotf
cWoog lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ lj:t[t ;j]{If0f tyf l8hfOg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ;]jf
s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf k]z ePsf lj:t[t ;j]{If0f tyf l8hfOg k|ltj]bgsf] cfjZos
d"NofÍg Pjd hfFr u/L k|fljlws / cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu ;DjlGwt lhlj;sf] l;kmfl/;
;lxt s]Gb|df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ ;DjlGwt k/fdz{bftfn] lj:t[t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg cg'';f/ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eP,
gePsf] ;'lgZlrt ug{ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f cjlw leq sDtLdf b'O{ k6s cfof]hgfsf]
:ynut lgl/If0f u/L cfof]hgfsf] gSzf+sg ;lxt u'0f:t/ lgl/If0fsf] k|ltj]bg k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
%=#=!=@ lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u /sd e'QmfgL
lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogsf] nflu ;fd'bflos, ;xsf/L, lghL jf ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L
cfof]hgfnfO{ dfq cfly{s ;xof]u pknJw u/fOg]5 . ;+rflnt cfof]hgfx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt
ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ s]Gb|n] k|fljlws ;xof]u ug{;Sg]5 .
-s_ !) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf lksf] hnljB't / ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§ ljB'lts/0f cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
lj:t[t ;j]{If0f jfktsf] cfly{s ;xof]u lj:t[t cWoog ;DkGg eO{ k|ltj]bg k]z u/]kl5 %)
k|ltzt / jfFsL %) k|ltzt lksf] hnljB't k|fljlws d"Nof+sg ;ldltsf] lg0f{o kZrft
;DalGwt lhlj; dfkm{t e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-v_ !) lsnf]jf6 eGbf dflysf hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
lj:t[t ;j]{If0f jfktsf] cfly{s ;xof]u lj:t[t cWoog ;DkGg eO{ k|ltj]bg k]z u/]kl5 ;]jf
s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df $) k|ltzt / $) k|ltzt k|fljlws d"Nof+sg ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]kl5
e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . afFsL @) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] cfof]hgfsf] gSzf+sg / lgdf{0fflwg
27
 ;dodf ul/Psf] u'0f:t/ lgl/If0f k|ltj]bg s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . t/ s'g}
cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu cg'bfg :jLs[t gePsf] cj:yfdf afFsL @) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL x'g]
5}g .
%=#=!=# b08 hl/jfgf ;DaGwdf
-s_ ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] !)) ls=jf= Ifdtf eGbf dflysf] ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] xsdf
^ dlxgf / !)) ls=jf= Ifdtf ;Ddsf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf # dlxgf leq lj:t[t cWoog
k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] cjlw leqdf k]z gePsf cfof]hgsf] xsdf k|lt xKtf cfly{s
;xof]u /sdsf] ! k|ltztsf] b/n] a9Ldf !) k|ltzt /sd h/Ljfgf ul/g] 5 . h/Ljfgf
/sd !) k|ltzt eGbf j9L ePsf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tf :jt vf/]h x'g]5 . t/ ;DjlGwt
sDkgLsf] lgoGq0f eGbf aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt h:t} k|fs[lts ljklQ, jGb x8tfn, 4G4 cflbsf]
sf/0fn] sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;s]df ;DjlGwt sDkgL / pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;xdltdf Ps
k6sdf a9Ldf b'O{ dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ ;do yKg ;lsg]5 .
-v_ h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] :ynut k|dfl0fs/0f ubf{ cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf / cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf /
k|zf/0f Pjd ljt/0f -ljn ckm sjflG66L_ sf] kl/df0f kl/jt{g eP/ s'n nfutdf !)
k|ltzt eGbf a9L km/s kg{ uPdf pQm cfof]hgfsf] k'gM lj:t[t ;j]{If0f ug'{kg]{5 . ;DjlGwt
sDkgLn] k'gM lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog Gfu/] jf k'gM cWoog ubf{ cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf /
k|zf/0f Pjd ljt/0fsf] kl/df0fdf !) k|ltzt eGbf a9L km/s kg{ uPdf s]Gb|n] sDkgLsf]
dfGotf vf/]h ug]{5 .
-u_ lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog ug]{ sDkgL / h8fgstf{ sDkgL aLr s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf
s]Gb|n] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
%=#=@ cg'bfgsf nflu k"/f ug{'kg]{ cfwf/x?
cfof]hgfsf lgdf{0fstf{n] cg'bfgsf nflu b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f ug'{kg{]5M—
-s_ !) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf] n3' hnljB't -lksf] xfO8«f]_ / ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§ ljB'tLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
-!_ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fstf{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-@_ cfof]hgfn] lhNnf hn;|f]t ;ldltaf6 kfgLsf] cu|flwsf/ btf{ k|df0fkq ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ cfof]hgfsf] ;+efJotf / lj:t[t ;a]{If0f k|ltj]bg lhlj; af6 :jLs[t ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-$_ ;+:yfut tyf ;fd'bflos pkof]usf] nflu cfof]hgf dfkm{t ljB't dfu k'i6ofO{ ug]{ cfjZos
sfuhftx? Hf:t} uflj;sf] l;kmfl/;, ;+:yfut lg0f{o, ljB'tLo pks/0f÷Efjgn] vkt ug]{
ljB'tsf] dfkg / ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu sf]6]zg÷6]08/ cfJxfg ug'{ cufl8 ;DalGwt cfof]hgf
lgdf{0fstf{n] cg'bfg ;lxt &% k|ltzt /sdsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g] cflwsfl/s sfuhft k];
ug'{kg]{5 .
-^_ s]Gb|af6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL jf 7]s]bf/åf/f dfq cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] ;DjlGwt uflj;sf] k|dfl0fs/0f ;lxt ljB't h8fg ePsf 3/w'/Lsf
gfdfjnL k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-*_ ljB't pTkfbg Pj+ hl8t 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0f: lgwf{l/t pFrfO{ tyf kfgLsf] k|jfxdf jf:tljs
ljB't pTkfbg s'g}klg cj:yfdf l8hfO{g ul/Psf] pTkfbg Ifdtf eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g . ljB't
pTkfbg Pj+ hl8t 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0f s]Gb|sf] ljB't pTkfbg tyf 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0f
lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd x'g]5 . cfof]hgfsf] l8hfOg ubf{sf] ;dosf] cg'dflgt ljB't pTkfbgsf]
Ifdtf eGbf jf:tljs pTkfbg Ifdtf sd ePdf ;f]lx cg';f/ clGtd cg'bfg lgwf{/0f
ul/g]5 . sd ePsf] cg'bfg /sd bf];|f] ls:tfjf6 s6fO{ afFsL /sd e'QmfgL lbO{g]5 .

28
 -(_ k|Tofe"lt cjlwM h8fgstf{n] lksf]] xfO{8«f] cfof]hgfdf k|of]u ePsf] oflGqs pks/0fdf
sDtLdf # jif{ / ljB'tLo pks/0fdf ! jif{ cjlwsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg'kg]{5 . o; ;DaGwL
k|fjwfg pTkfbs÷h8fgstf{{ / cfof]hgf ;~rfnsåf/f x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf
:ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 . k|Tofe"lt cjlwe/ h8fgstf{n] cfof]hgfsf]] sDtLdf
Ps k6s lgoldt hfFr u/L ;~rfng Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;~rfnsnfO{ ;'emfj
lbg'kg]{5 . cg'ko'Qm sfo{z}nL, ;fdfu|L Pj+ ;'k/Lj]If0fsf sf/0f pTkGg s'g} klg ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{sf nflu h8fgstf{ pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
-!)_ k|:tfljt dx;'n b/n] cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfng vr{ -ljz]ifu/L sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQf, lgoldt
dd{t ;Def/_ tyf C0f e'QmfgL ug{ ;Sg'kg]{5 .

-v_ n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't -!) eGbf dfly !))) lsnf]jf6 ;Dd_ cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
-!_ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fstf{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ x'g'kg]{5 . o; cGtu{t k|rlnt P]g,
lgodfg';f/ btf{ ePsf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, lghL ;+:yf jf ;fj{hlgs lghL
:ffem]bf/L ;+:yf kb{5g\ .
-@_ /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOgsf] kx'Fr eGbf aflx/sf] If]qdf lgdf{0f x'g] ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfsf]
xsdf ;fd'bflos -;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L ;d]t_ / ;xsf/L :jfldTj ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ cfof]hgfsf] Joj;fo of]hgf ;lxtsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf l8hfOgsf] ;fy} ;fd'bflos tyf
jftfj/0fLo kIf ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] 3/w'/L -% 3/w'/L k|lt lsnf]jf6_ afx]s
yk lsnf]jf6sf] nflu cg'bfgsf] dfu ePsf] v08df cfof]hgfsf] Joj;fo of]hgfdf ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-$_ !)) ls=jf= ;Ddsf k|:tfljt cfof]hgfn] lhNnf hn;|f]t ;ldltaf6 kfgLsf] cu|flwsf/ btf{
k|df0fkq lnPsf] x'g'kg]{5 . !)) lsnf]jf6 eGbf dflysf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf ljB't ljsf;
ljefuaf6 ;j]{If0f hfgsf/Lsf] k|df0f lng'kg]{5 .
-%_ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfjgf / k|ltj]bg s]Gb|af6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] x'g'kb{5 .
-^_ cfof]hgf k|:tfjgf ;u} :jnufgLsf] k|Tofe"lt :j?k cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu /sd lemSg
gldNg] cfof]hgfsf] a}+s vftfdf /sd hDdf u/]sf] k|df0f / shf{ lnPsf] xsdf ;DjlGwt
ljlQo ;+:yfsf] shf{ :jLs[lt kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 cfly{s ;xof]u
pknJw x'g] eP ;f] ;DaGwL kq k]z ug'{kg]{5 . :yfgLo lgsfo afx]s cGo lgsfon] nufgL
jf ;xof]u ug]{ ePdf s]Gb|;Fu lnlvt ;dembf/L u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-&_ C0fsf] ;fFjf Aofh e'QmfgL kZrft cfof]hgfsf]] gub k|jfxsf] v'b jt{dfg d"No jflif{s ^
k|ltzt b/sf] l8:sfp06]6 /]6df wgfTds x'g' kg]{5 .
-*_ !)) ls=jf= ;Ddsf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] s/f/ ;Demf}tf dfGotf k|fKt h8fgstf{ jf 7]s]bf/
jf sDkgLx?;+u ug'{kg]{5 / To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf s]Gb|åf/f lglb{i6 Go"gtd gd"gf s/f/
;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt k|fjwfgx? ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dWo]af6
s'g} Ps sDkgL 5gf}6 ubf{ / cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ s]Gb|sf] ldgL lu|8 v/Lb lgb]{lzsfsf]
clwgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ !)) ls=jf= eGbf dfly !))) ls= jf= ;Ddsf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] xsdf eg]
/fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o 7]s]bf/ sDkgLx?;+u 7]Ssf k|lqmof cGf'';f/ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] s/f/
;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . Ps b]lv a9Ldf rf/ j6f Kofs]h -l;len, xfO8«f] d]sflgsn,
On]S6«f—
] d]sflgsn, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f_ agfO{ 7]s]bf/ sDkgLx? 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;s];Dd Psn 7]s]bf/nfO{ 5fGg' kg]{5 . 7]s]bf/ sDkgL 5gf}6 ubf{ / cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{
s]Gb|sf] ldgL lu|8 v/Lb lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 .

29
-!)_ s'g} klg :yfgLo, If]qLo jf /fli6«o k|zf/0f nfO{gdf ghf]l8g] ldgLlu|8 cfof]hgfn] k"/f
ug'{kg]{ yk zt{M cfof]hgfsf] Joj;flos of]hgfdf pNn]lvt ljB'tsf] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt
k|of]u pTkfbgd'ns kl/k|of]udf x'g] k|lta4tf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ :yfgLo, If]qLo jf /fli6«o k|zf/0f nfO{gdf eljiodf hf]l8g]] cfof]hgfn] k"/f ug'{kg]{ yk zt{M
-s_ lu|8 ;~rfngstf{ jf ljt/s;Fu ePsf] ljB't vl/b laqmL ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnkL ;+nUg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ :yfgLo, If]qLo jf /fli6«o k|zf/0f nfO{gjf6 ljB't ;]jf gk'u]sf tyf k|:tfljt
cfof]hgfaf6 l;w} ljB't ;]jf pknAw x'g] 3/w'/Lsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df cg'bfgsf]
lgSof}{n ul/g]5 .
-u_ s]Gb|af6 cfof]hgfdf lbO{g] cg'bfg ljB't k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f nfOg lgdf{0fdf vr{
ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ ljB't pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / cfof]hgf lgdf{0f stf{ aLr ljB't pkof]u / ljB't k|;f/0f
tyf ljt/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf s]Gb|n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gd"gf ;Demf}tf
kmf/fd cg';f/ x'g'kg]{5 .
-!@_ k'gM:yfkgf cfof]hgfx?sf nflu yk zt{{x?M
-s_ cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf !) lsnf]jf6 eGbf a9L x'g'kg]{5 .
-v_ cfof]hgf k/LIf0f ;~rfng ePsf] ldltn] !) jif{ eGbf k'/fgf] x'g'kg]{5 . s]Gb|sf]
;xof]udf lgld{t cfof]hgf tyf g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] k"0f{?kdf pkef]Qmf
;d"xx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf cfof]hgf dfq k'gM:yf{kgf cg'bfgsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5g .
To:tf cfof]hgfnfO{ s]Gb|åf/f ul7t ;ldlt jf s]Gb|n] lgo'lQm u/]sf k/fdz{bftfn] Iflt
ljj/0fsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df ;fdfGo Iflt / 7"nf] Ifltsf] lgSof}{n ul/g]5 . t/
To:tf cfof]hgfx? ;DalGwt lhlj;af6 ;d]t l;kmfl/; ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-u_ k|fs[lts ljklQaf6 gf]SzfgL ePsf cfof]hgfx? ;fdfGotM k'gM:yfkgf cfof]hgfsf]
?kdf cg'bfgsf] lgldQ of]Uo x'g]5g\ . To:tf cfof]hgfx?sf] xsdf eg] !) aif]{ l;df
nfu' x'g] 5}g . To:tf cfof]hgfnfO{ s]Gb|åf/f ul7t pk ;ldlt jf s]Gb|n] lgo'lQm u/]sf
k/fdz{bftfn] Iflt ljj/0fsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df ;fdfGo Iflt / 7"nf] Ifltsf] lgSof}{n
ul/g]5 .
-!#_ ljB't pTkfbg Pj+ hl8t 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0fM lgwf{l/t prfO{ tyf kfgLsf] k|jfxdf jf:tljs
ljB't pTkfbg s'g} klg cj:yfdf l8hfO{g ul/Psf] pTkfbg Ifdtf eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g .
ljB't pTkfbg Pj+ hl8t 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0f s]Gb|sf] ljB't pTkfbg tyf 3/w'/L k|dfl0fs/0f
lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd x'g]5 . cfof]hgfsf] l8hfOg ubf{sf] ;dosf] cg'dflgt ljB't pTkfbgsf]
Ifdtf eGbf jf:tljs pTkfbg Ifdtf sd ePdf jf pTkfbs jf h8fgstf{{ jf
cfk"lt{stf{sf] nfk/jfxLjf6 clgoldttf ePsf] v08df s]Gb|åf/f lgwf{l/t÷:jLs[t k|lt
lsnf]jf6sf] nfut vr{sf] b/df pTkfbs jf h8fgstf{{ jf cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ e'QmfgL ul/g]]
t];|f] tyf clGtd ls:tfsf] /sdaf6 36]sf] k|lt lsnf]jf6 jfkt s§f ul/g]5 . pQm s§f
ul/g] /sd clGtd ls:tf eGbf j9L ePdf sDkgL4f/f lgdf{0fflwg cGo cfof]hgfx?sf]
cg'bfg ls:tfaf6 s§f ul/g]5 .
-!$_ k|Tofe"lt cjlwM cfk"lt{stf{ jf h8fgstf{n] ldgL lu|8 cfof]hgfdf k|of]u ePsf oflGqs
pks/0fdf sDtLdf # jif{ / ljB'tLo pks/0fdf sDtLdf ! jif{ cjlwsf] k|Tofe"lt
lbg'kg]{5 . o; ;DaGwL k|fjwfg pTkfbs jf h8fgstf{{ jf cfk"lt{stf{ / lgdf{0fstf{åf/f
x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 . k|Tofe"lt
cjlwe/ h8fgstf{ jf cfk"lt{stf{n] cfof]hgfsf]] slDtdf b'O{ k6s lgoldt hfFr u/L
cfof]hgf ;~rfng Pjd Joj:yfkgsf] ;'wf/sf nflu lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ ;'emfj lbg]5 .
cg'ko'Qm sfo{z}nL, ;fdfu|L Pj+ ;'k/Lj]If0fsf sf/0f pTkGg s'g} klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf
30
 nflu cfk"lt{stf{ jf h8fgstf{ pQ/bfoL x'g]5 . ;~rfns tyf k|aGwssf] tkm{jf6 ePsf]
nfk/jfxLsf sf/0f pTkGg ;d:ofsf] nflu lgdf{0fstf{ pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
%=#=# cg'bfg ljt/0f
cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfgsf] nflu cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ubf{ k|lt 3/w'/L ;fdfGotM @)) jf6 / a9Ldf
$)) jf6 ;Ddsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 . t/ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] ;f] eGbf 7"nf] Ifdtfsf] cfof]hgf
agfpg klg ;Sg]5 .
ljleGg Ifdtfsf n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] nflu cg'bfg ljt/0f b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M—
-s_ !) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf n3' hnljB't -lksf] xfO8«f]_ cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
-!_ lksf] hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'bfg e'QmfgL ;DalGwt lhlj; dfkm{t ul/g]5 .
-@_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] dfGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftfåf/f lj:t[t ;+efJotf cWoog u/fO{ ;f]sf]
k|ltj]bg lhlj;df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . lhlj;n]] cfjZos cWoog tyf d"Nof+sg u/L cfly{s tyf
k|fljlws ?kdf ;DefJo pko'Qm cfof]hgfnfO{ z;lt{o :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{5 . ;fy} o;sf]
hfgsf/L s]Gb|df u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-#_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] lj:t[t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cg'bfg ;lxt s"n nfutsf]
&% k|ltzt /sdsf] k|Tofe"lt lhlj;nfO{ u/fP kZrft s]Gb|jf6 :jLs[t lgb]{lzsf cg';f/
k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df ;fdfg cfk"lt{ tyf h8fgsf nflu dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dWo]af6
sDkgL 5gf}6 u/L ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ lhlj;n] s]Gb|jf6 :jLs[t lgb]{lzsf df plNnlvt dfkb08 jdf]lhd clGtd cg'bfg :jLs[t
u/L cg'bfg lgsf;fsf] nflu s]Gb|df l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . s]Gb|n] cfjZos d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr
u/L sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] s]Gb|sf] lgb]{lzt dfkb08 jdf]lhd h8fg ;DkGg ug'{kg]{5 .
-^_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ / ;DalGwt sDkgLn] k|To]s # dlxgfdf sfo{ k|ult k|ltj]bg ;]jf s]Gb|
÷lhlj; dfkm{t s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ lhlj;n] ;DalGwt lgsfox?nfO{ kl/rfng u/L lgdf{0flwg cfof]hgfsf] u'0f:t/sf]
;'lglZrtfsf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u ug'{kg]{5 .
-*_ cfof]hgf ;DkGg eO{ ;t k|ltzt 3/x?df ljB'tLs/0f ePkl5 h8fgstf{ sDkgL, cfof]hgf
lgdf{0fstf{ / s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf ljB't zlQm pTkfbg k/LIf0f tyf x:tfGt/0f /
ljB't pTkfbg tyf 3/w'/L k|dfl0fs/0f sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 . lhlj;n] pQm k|lta]bg d"Nof+sg u/L
bf]>f] ls:tfsf] cg'bfg lgsf;fsf] nflu s]Gb|nfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{kg]{5 . s]Gb|n] cfjZos d"Nof+sg
u/L pko'Qm b]v]df sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .
-(_ cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{kl5 h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ /
lhlj;sf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df Ps aif{] k|Tofe"lt hfFr ug'{kg]{5 .
cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfg e'QmfgL k|lqmof ;DaGwdf M
cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfgsf] nflu e'QmfgL k|lqmof b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M—

-!_ klxnf] ls:tfM

lhlj;af6 clGtd :jLs[lt k|fKt eO{ cg'bfgsf nflu s]Gb|df k]z ePkl5 sf]ifdf l;kmfl/;
ul/g]5 . sf]ifn] cfjZos cWoog tyf d"Nof+sg u/L k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg :jLs[t
ug]{5 . sf]ifn] z'?df %) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd lhlj; jf lhNnf pmhf{ sf]ifdf k7fpg]5 .

31
 lhlj;n] 7]s]bf/ sDkgL jf cfof]hgf h8fgstf{nfO{ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{sf] l;kmfl/; / clu|d
e'QmfgL a}+s k|Tofe"lt afkt cg'dflgt cg'bfgsf] %) k|ltzt;Dd /sd e'QmfgL lbg]5 . j}+s
k|Tofe"lt kq slDtdf # dlxgf b]lv a9Ldf ^ dlxgf;Ddsf] x'g'kg]{5 . :fDalGwt lgdf{0fstf{sf]
l;kmfl/;df Ps k6s dfq a9Ldf # dlxgf;Dd a}+s hdfgt kqsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf ;fdfg tyf pks/0f cfof]hgf :yndf jf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ zfvf÷OsfO{sf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ x:tfGt/0fkl5 s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] ;fdfg tyf pks/0f x:tfGt/0f kmf/fd lhlj;df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . lhlj;n] cfjZos
cWoog tyf d"Nof+sg u/L ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df clu|d ls:tf jfktsf] Af}+s
k|Tofe"lt lkmtf{ ug{]5 . t/ h8fgstf{ jf 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] clu|d e'QmfgL a}+s k|Tofe"ltdf
/sd glnPtf klg cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] ;fdfg÷pks/0f x:tfGt/0f
u/]/ x:tfGt/0f kmf/fd e/L k]z u/]df lhlj;n] cg'bfgsf] %) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL
ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ bf];|f] ls:tfM
cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf cg';f/ sDtLdf &@ 306f;Dd lg/Gt/ ;+rfng ePsf] ;kmn k/LIf0f kl5
s]Gb|sf] lgwf{l/t kmf/fddf k/LIf0f ;~rfng, ljB't zlQm pTkfbg / 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0f
k|ltj]bg, uflj;af6 cfof]hgfn] ;Dk"0f{ 3/x?df ljB't hf]8]sf] k|dfl0ft u/L cfof]hgf
x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] k|ltj]bg lhlj;n] l;kmfl/; ;lxt s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 . s]Gb|n] d"Nof+sg
Pjd hfFr u/L sf]ifdf k]z u/]sf] ! dlxgf leq $) k|ltzt cg'bfg / nlIft ju{n] kfpg]
yk cg'bfg lhlj; jf lhNnf pmhf{ sf]ifdf k7fpg]]5 . lhlj;n] () k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd
h8fgstf{ jf cfof]hgf lgdf{0f stf{ / nlIft ju{n] kfpg] cg'bfg cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ dfkm{t
;DalGwt nlIft ju{nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
cg'bfg gLlt cg';f/ pNn]lvt nlIft ju{nfO{ pknJw u/fOg] yk cg'bfgsf] nflu s]Gb|n]
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd cg';f/ lj:t[t gfd;"lr tof/ u/L ;DjlGwt lhlj;sf] l;kmfl/;
;lxt s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] yk cg'bfg ;DalGwt cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ dfkm{t ;DalGwt
nlIft ju{x?nfO{ 3/w'/Ldf ljB't h8fgsf nflu e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .

-#_ clGtd ls:tfM

pTkfbg k/LIf0f, k/LIf0f ;~rfng tyf cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0fsf] ldltjf6 ! jif{ kl5
pks/0fsf] u'0f:t/, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ pknJw ePkl5 lhlj;n] afFsL !) k|ltzt
cg'bfgsf] nflu sf]ifdf sfuhft k]zug]{5 . sf]ifn] sfuhftsf] cWoog Pjd d"Nof+sg u/L !
dlxgf leq afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg lhlj; jflhNnf pmhf{ sf]ifdf k7fpg]]5 . lhlj; jf
lhNnf pmhf{ sf]ifn] pQm !) k|ltzt /sd dWo] & k|ltzt /sd 7]s]bf/ sDkgLnfO{ / afFsL #
k|ltzt /sd tLg aif{;Dd vr{ ug{ gldNg] u/L cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{sf] d'2tL vftfdf dd{t
tyf ;Def/ sf]ifdf e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
-v_ n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't -!) eGbf dfly !))) lsnf]jf6 ;Dd_ cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
-!_ cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg ;fd'bflos ljB'tLs/0f Zffvfsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|fljlws d"Nof+sg ;ldltn] :jLs[t ug'{kg]{5 . lgwf{l/t dfkb08 cg';f/ s]Gb|n]
;DalGwt cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ ;ztL{o cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf] nflu kqfrf/ ug]{5 .
-@_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] ;]jf s]Gb| / zfvf÷OsfO{sf] ;xlhs/0fdf !)) ls=jf ;Ddsf
cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfg ;lxt s"n nfutsf] &% k|ltzt /sd / ;f] eGbf dflysf cfof]hgfsf]
xsdf cg'bfg ;lxt () k|ltzt /sd ;'lglZrt ePkl5 s]Gb|sf] ldgL lu|8 v/Lb
lgb]{lzsfsf] cwLgdf /xL dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dWo] s'g} Pp6f;Fu ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 .
;fy} ;zlt{o cg'bfgsf cGo zt{x? k"/f u/L Ps aif{leq s]Gb|df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
h8fgstf{ sDkgL 5gf}6 ubf{ slDtdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f ug'{kg]{5M
32
 -c_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ :jod jf p;n] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] lgsfon] af]nkq /
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf tof/ kf/L s]Gb|4f/f dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx?nfO{ l;naGbL af]nkq
cfXjfg ug]{5 .
-cf_ To;/L k|fKt l;naGbL af]nkq lhlj; sfo{nodf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{, zfvf÷OsfO{,
;]jf s]Gb| / jf]nkq k]z ug]{ sDkgLsf k|ltlgwL ;lxtsf] d"Nof+sg ;ldltsf]]
/f]xj/df vf]Ng' kg]{5 . ;DjlGwt sDkgLsf k|ltlglw pkl:yt geP klg j]nkq vf]Ng
jfwf x'g]5}g\ .
-O_ d'Nof+sg ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] cfjZos k|lqmof k'/f
u/]sf ;a}eGbf sd /sd saf]n ug]{ sDkgLnfO{ 5gf}6 u/L ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf k]z ePsf sfuhftsf] cfjZos cWoog Pjd d"NofÍg u/L sf]ifdf
cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-$_ sf]ifn] yk d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df clGtd cg'bfg
:jLs[t ug]{5 .
-%_ s]Gb|n] ;DalGwt lgsfox?nfO{ kl/rfng u/L lgdf{0flwg cfof]hgfsf] u'0f:t/sf]
;'lglZrtfsf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{5 .
-^_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ / ;DalGwt sDkgLn] k|To]s # dlxgfdf sfo{ k|ult k|ltj]bg ;]jf
s]Gb| ÷lhlj; dfkm{t s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 lgdf{0fstf{ sDkgLn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ / s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwsf]
pkl:yltdf k|fljlws kIf, ljB't pTkfbg k/LIf0f / x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{5 .
-*_ cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] ldltn] Ps aif{ leq s]Gb|n] 5gf}6 u/]sf k/fdz{bftf sf]
;xof]udf ljB't pTkfbg tyf 3/w'/L k|dfl0fs/0f sfo{ u/fpg]5 .
-(_ cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{ kl5 lgdf{0fstf{ sDkgLn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{
/ s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf Ps aif{] k|Tofe"lt hfFr ug'{kg]{5 .
cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfg e'QmfgL k|lqmof ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfgsf] nflu e'QmfgL k|lqmof b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M—

-!_ klxnf] ls:tfM

dfGotf k|fKt cfof]hgf h8fgstf{ / lgdf{0fstf{ jLr ;Demf}tf u/L cGo cg'bfgsf nflu
cfjZos sfuhftx? k]z u/L sf]ifjf6 clGtd :jLs[lt ePkl5 cfof]hgfsf] h8fgstf{nfO{
lgdf{0fstf{sf] l;kmfl/; / sf]ifn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]] 9fFrf cg';f/sf] a}+s k|Tofe"lt sf] cfwf/df
cg'dflgt cg'bfgsf] ^) k|ltzt;Dd /sd clu|d e'QmfgL lbg]5 . pQm clu|d e'QmfgL j}+s
hdfgt kq lgdf{0fstf{sf] l;kmfl/;df slDtdf # dlxgf b]lv a9Ldf ^ dlxgf;Ddsf]
x'g'kg]{5 . ljz]if kl/l:yltdf :fDalGwt cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{sf] l;kmfl/;df Ps k6s dfq
a9Ldf # dlxgf;Dd a}+s hdfgt kqsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]5 . h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] lng
rfxg] clu|d e'QmfgLsf] k|ltzt ;Demf}tfdf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v eP cg';f/sf ;fdfg tyf pks/0f cfof]hgf :yndf ;Dd jf ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v
ePsf] :yfg ;Dd k'¥ofO{ s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ s]Gb|n]
tf]s]sf] ;fdfg tyf pks/0f x:tfGt/0f kmf/fd e/L x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{5 . x:tfGt/0f kmf/fd
s]Gb|df k]z eP kZrft lgdf{0fstf{sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df sf]ifn] ;DjlGwt
h8fgstf{sf] clu|d ls:tf jfktsf] Af}+s k|Tofe"lt km's'jf ug{]5 . t/ clu|d e'QmfgL glnO{
h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] ;fdfg tyfpks/0f
x:tfGt/0f u/L x:tfGt/0f kmf/fd s]Gb|df k]z ePsf] cj:yfdf lgdf{0fstf{sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt
s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df sf]ifn] cg'bfgsf] ^) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL ug]{5 .

33
 ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] xsdf, cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] cg'bfgsf zt{x? k"/f u/L
cfjZos sfuhftx? ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t s]Gb|df k]z ug]{5 . k]z ePsf sfuhftx? s]Gb|n]
cfjZos cWoog tyf d"Nof+sg u/L cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu sf]ifdf k]z ug]{5 . sf]ifaf6
clGtd :jLs[lt k|fKt u/] kZrft :jLs[t cg'bfg /sdsf] ^) k|ltzt /sd cfof]hgfsf]
lgdf{0fstf{ / s]Gb|sf] k|ltlglwsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtdf ;~rfng x'g] a}+s vftfdf sf]ifn] e'QmfgL
ug]{5 . pQm vftfaf6 cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ k|ultsf]] cfwf/df, lgdf{0fstf{ / s]Gb|sf]
k|ltlglwsf] l;kmfl/;df qmdzM e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-@_ bf];|f] ls:tfM
cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf cg';f/ sDtLdf &@ 306f ;Dd lg/Gt/ ;+rfng ePsf] ;kmn k/LIf0f
u/]kl5 cfof]hgfsf] cflwsfl/s k/LIf0f ul/g]5 . s]Gb|sf] lgwf{l/t kmf/fddf k/LIf0f ;+rfng,
ljB't zlQm pTkfbg k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 cfof]hgfn] sDtLdf of]hgf
ul/Psf] 3/;+Vofsf] &% k|ltzt 3/df ljB'lts/0f ePsf] k|dfl0ft u/L cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f
u/]kl5 cg'bfg /sdsf] *) k|ltzt;Dd cfof]hgf h8fgstf{ sDkgL jf lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ /
nlIft ju{n] kfpg] yk cg'bfg /sd cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ dfkm{t ;DalGwt nlIft ju{nfO{
e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg gLlt cg';f/ pNn]lvt nlIft ju{nfO{ pknJw u/fOg] yk
cg'bfgsf] nflu s]Gb|n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd cg';f/ lj:t[t gfd;"lr tof/ u/L
;DjlGwt lhlj;sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] yk cg'bfg ;DalGwt
cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ dfkm{t ;DalGwt nlIft ju{x?nfO{ 3/w'/Ldf ljB't h8fgsf nflu
e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-#_ t];|f] ls:tfM
ljB't zlQm pTkfbg / hl8t 3/w'/Lsf] k|df0fLs/0f kl5 s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df sf]ifn] cg'bfg
/sdsf] !) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL ug]{5 . h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] cfof]hgfsf] k/LIf0f ;~rfng
tyf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z u/L s]Gb|jf6 :jLs[t eO{;s]kl5 h8fgstf{
sDkgLn] pQm cfof]hgf lagf cj/f]w ;~rfng eO/x]sf] ;'lglZrttf u/L ljB't zlQm
pTkfbg / hl8t 3/w'/Lsf] k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu cg'/f]w ug'{ kg]{5 . lnlvt cg'/f]w k|fKt
ePsf] ldltjf6 ! jif{ leq ljB't pTkfbg tyf 3/w'/L k|dfl0fs/0f lgb]{lzsfsf] cfwf/df
s]Gb|n] pQm sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ clGtd ls:tfM
pTkfbg k/LIf0f, k/LIf0f ;~rfng tyf cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0fsf] ldltjf6 ! jif{ kl5 pks/0f,
laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ / ;t k|ltzt 3/df ljB't h8fg ePsf] ;'lglZrt ePkl5
cg'bfgsf] afFsL !) k|ltzt /sd lgdf{0fstf{sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df sf]ifn]
e'QmfgL lbg]5 . sf]ifn] pQm !) k|ltzt /sd dWo] & k|ltzt /sd cfof]hgf h8fgstf{
sDkgLnfO{ / afFsL # k|ltzt /sd sDtLdf tLg aif{;Dd vr{ ug{ gldNg] u/L cfof]hgf
lgdf{0fstf{sf] d'2tL vftfdf dd{t tyf ;Def/ sf]ifdf e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
%=#=$ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
-s_ !) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf] n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] xsdf s]Gb|n] sDtLdf %) k|ltzt cfof]hgfsf]
:jtGq k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]udf ljB't pTkfbg Pj+ hl8t 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0f ug]{5 .
-v_ !) ls=jf= Ifdtf eGbf dfly !))) ls=jf= Ifdtf ;Ddsf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf s]Gb|n] :jtGq
k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]udf ;]jf s]Gb|, zfvf÷OsfO{ / cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{sf] k|ltlglwsf]
pkl:yltdf ;j} cfof]hgfx?sf] ljB't pTkfbg Pj+ hl8t 3/w'/L k|df0fLs/0f ug]{5 .

34
 -Uf_ s]Gb|n] :jtGq k/fdz{bftfåf/f k|To]s @ aif{df cfof]hgsf] k|efj d"Nof+sg / pkef]Qmfx?sf]
;Gt'li6 ;DaGwL cWoog u/fpg]5 . d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgsf] lgisif{ ;DjlGwt lgsfox? k]z
ul/g]5 .
-3_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{n] cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ug'{ cl3 / ;DkGg eP kZrft
clgjfo{?kdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf] ;'g'jfO{ ;xh agfpgsf nflu ;]jf s]Gb| /
jftfj/0f zfvf÷OsfO{n] ;dGjo tyf ;xhLs/0f ug]{5g\ .

%=$ jfo' pmhf{

-s_ jfo' pmhf{jf6 ljB't pTkfbg u/L ljB't ;]jf pknJw gePsf] :yfgdf ljB'tLs/0fsf] jfo' 6jfO{g
h8fg ug{ s]Gb|n] ;DjlGwt sDkgL Pjd ;+:yfx?nfO{ dfGotf lbg]5 .
-v_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL Pjd ;+:yfx?¢f/f cWoog u/L :yfkgf ul/Psf] cfof]hgfsf nflu dfq
cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-u_ !)) ls=jf= Ifdtf ;Ddsf jfo' pmhf{ cfof]hgfnfO{ dfq cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-3_ jfo' pmhf{ cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo Pjd ;fdflhs tyf nlIft ;d'bfosf]
cj:yf ;d]tsf] ;DefJotf cWoogsf] d"Nofs+g k|fljlws d"Nofs+g ;ldltn] ug]{5 .
%=$=! cg'bfgsf nflu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/x?
-s_ cfof]hgf :ynsf nflu cGo s'g} dfWodjf6 ljB't ;]jf gk'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_ tYo+fÍ dfkg, lj:t[t ;+efJotf cWofog, l8hfOg Pjd h8fgsf nflu dfGotf k|fKt
sDkgLx?jf6 ul/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-u_ k|lt 3/w'/Lsf cfwf/df pknJw u/fOg] cg'bfg /sd j9Ldf k|lt ls=jf=!) 3/w'/Lsf nflu
lbOg]5 .
-3_ jfo' dfkg oGq, ljZn]if0f ug]{ ;km\6jo/ nufot jfo' pmhf{ pTkfbgsf nflu k|of]u x'g] ;fdfg
tyf pks/0fx? jfo' pmhf{ pks/0f u'0f:t/ dfkb08 lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ x'g'kg]{5 .
-ª_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL4f/f laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
-r_ cg'bfg kmf/fd, lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWofog, tYo+fÍ cfwf/x? lhlj; Pjd ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf]
l;kmfl/;df tf]lsPsf] 9Ffrfdf s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-5_ !) ls=jf= Ifdtf eGbf j9Lsf kl/of]hgfx?sf] xsdf kl/of]hgf :jLs[t x'g' cufl8 kl/of]hgfsf]
s"n nfutsf] cg'bfg ;lxt sDtLdf *) k|ltzt cfly{s :f|f]t h'6]sf] ;'lgZlrt x'g'kg]{5 .
%=$=@ cg'bfg ljt/0f
%=#=@=! !) ls=jf=;Ddsf cfof]hgfsf] nfluM
-s_ cfof]hgf klxrfg, tYo+fÍ dfkg, lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog, h8fg tyf ;'kl/lehg sfo{
s]Gb|4f/f dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? Dffkm{t ug'{kg]{5 . h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] ljqmL kl5sf] ;]jf
;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
-v_ e'pku|x tYof+ssf cfwf/df ul/Psf] jfo' pmhf{ ;|f]t d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df lj:t[t ;DefJotf
cWoog ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL4f/f cfof]hgf lgdf{0f u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;]jf s]Gb| / lhlj; sf] l;kmfl/;
;fy cg'bfg kmf/fd e/L s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .

35
 -3_ s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf k|ltj]bgsf] cWoog tyf d"Nof+sg u/L cg'bfgsf] :jLs[ltsf
nflu sf]if ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . sf]ifn] yk d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L cg'bfg ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{
k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg :jLs[t u/L cg'bfg /sdsf] %) k|ltzt /sd h8fgstf{
sDkgLnfO{ j}+s k|Tofe"ltdf e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
-ª_ h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] cfof]hgfsf] h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg u/L ;kmnk"j{s ljB't pTkfbg ePkl5
s]Gb|jf6 lgwf{l/t cg'bfg kmf/fd e/L cg'bfgsf nflu sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg ;lxt s]Gb|df k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
-r_ s]Gb| cfkm} jf zfvf÷OsfO{jf6 :ynut lgl/If0f u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|n] $)
k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . sf]ifn] yk d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr
u/L of]Uo b]v]df ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ /sd e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
-5_ jFfsL !) k|ltzt /sd ljqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] nflu w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf /fvL ! jif{kl5 cfof]hgf /fd«f]
;Fu ;+rfng eO{ pkef]Qmf ;Gtl'i6 ePdf s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df sf]ifn] ;DjlGwt
sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
%=$=@=@ !) b]lv !)) ls=jf=;Ddsf cfof]hgfsf nfluM
-s_ cfof]hgf klxrfg, tYo+fÍ dfkg, lj:t[t ;+efJotf cWoog, h8fg sfo{ s]Gb|4f/f dfGotf k|fKt
sDkgLx? Dffkm{t ul/g]5 . h8fgstf{ sDklgn] ljqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
-v_ dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL4f/f k|dfl0ft tYo+fÍ sf cfwf/df lj:t[t ;+efJotf cWoog ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ lhNnf pmhf{ tyf jftfj/0f / ;]jf s]Gb|åf/f cfof]hgfsf] cg'df]lbt kqsf ;fy lj:t[t ;+efJotf
cWofog k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] dfly pNn]lvt k|ltj]bgsf] cWoog Pjd d"Nofs+g u/L
cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfgsf] :jLs[ltsf nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-ª_ sf]ifn] yk d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L cg'bfgsf ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/x? k"/f ePsf] b]v]df s"n cg'bfg
/sdsf] %) k|ltzt /sd j}+s k|Tofe"ltdf ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
-r_ s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{, ;]jf s]Gb|, ;DjlGwt sDkgL / ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf
cfof]hgfsf] k/LIf0f ul/g]5 .
-5_ cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] ;]jf s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt k|ltj]bg s]Gb|nfO{
k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-h_ s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf k]z ePsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cWoog tyf d"Nof+sg u/L ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePsf]
b]v]df s]Gb| cfkm} jf zfvf÷OsfO{jf6 kl/of]hgfsf] :ynut lgl/If0f u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bgsf]
cfwf/df $) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . sf]ifn] yk
d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L of]Uo b]v]df ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ /sd e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
-em_ jFfsL !) k|ltzt /sd ljqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] nflu w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf sDtLdf ! jif{ /fvL s]Gb|n]
:ynut cg'udg u/L cfof]hgf /fd«f];Fu ;+rfng eO{ pkef]Qmf ;Gt'i6 ePdf s]Gb|sf]
l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df sf]ifn] ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
%=% h}ljs pmhf{jf6 ljB't pTkfbg
%=%=! cg'bfgsf] nflu k"/f ug{'kg]{ cfwf/x?
h}ljs pmhf{jf6 ljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu cg'bfgsf nflu b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg{]5M—

36
 -s_ cGo dfWod4f/f ljB'tLs/0f gePsf tyf k|r'/ dfqfdf h}ljs pmhf{sf] ;|f]tsf] ;Defjgf ePsf
u|fdL0f If]qdf s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] k|fljlws dfkb08 k"/f u/L hl8t k|0ffnLdf dfq cg'bfg pknJw
x'g]5 .
-v_ s]Gb|jf6 lgwf{l/t cg'bfg kmf/fd e/L cg'bfgsf] dfu ug{'kg]{5 .
-u_ s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLjf6 dfq cfof]hgfsf] h8fg ul/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 . h8fg ePsf
ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] xsdf slDtdf ! jif{ tyf oflGqs pks/0fsf] xsdf slDtdf # jif{ jf/]G6L
x'g'kg]{5 .
-3_ ljB't h8fg ePsf 3/w'/Lsf gfdfjnL h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] ;DjlGwt uflj;af6 k|df0fLs/0f
u/L s]Gb|sf] ;fy} ! k|lt ;DjlGwt zfvf÷OsfO{nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-ª_ ;DjlGwt sDkgLsf k|fljlws jf OlGhlgo/sf] k|ToIf ;'k/lehgdf h}ljs pmhf{jf6 ljB't
pTkfbg ul/Psf] eGg] k|dfl0ft x'g' kg]{5 .
-5_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ lghL If]q / sDkgL aLr ;Demf}tf ePkl5 cg'bfg
/sd afx]s pkef]Qmfn] Joxf]g'{kg]{ /sdsf] ;'lglZrttf ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
%=%=@ cg'bfg ljt/0f
-s_ s'g} klg dfWodjf6 ljB'tLs/0f gePsf tyf k|r/' dfqfdf h}ljs pmhf{sf] ;|f]t ePsf] u|fdL0f
If]qsf hgtfx?n] h}ljs pmhf{jf6 ljB't pTkfbgug{ rfx]df pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g u/L lj:t[t
hfgsf/Lsf nflu s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf s]Gb|df ;Dks{ ug{'kg]{5 . pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g
ubf{ nlIft ;d"xnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 .
-v_ olb lghL If]qn] cfkm\gf] nufgL ;d]tdf pNn]lvt If]qdf h}ljs pmhf{jf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug{
rfx]df ;f] If]qsf pkef]Qmfx? ;lDdlnt pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g u/L lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu s]Gb|
jf zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf s]Gb|df ;Dks{ ug{'kg]{5 .
-u_ s]Gb|åf/f lgwf{l/t 9fFrf ;lxtsf] cfof]hgf dfu kmf/fd e/L ;DalGwt zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;DjlGwt
;]jf s]Gb|df k]z ug{'kg]{5 . ;]jf s]Gb|x?n] k]z ePsf kmf/dx? cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu tf]s]sf]
cfjZos cfwf/ tyf zt{x?sf] d"NofÍg u/L ;DefJo ePsf pko'Qm cfof]hgfsf] dfu kmf/d
l;kmfl/; ;fy s]Gb|df k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-3_ s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf l;kmfl/; ePsf cfof]hgfx? dWo];j} eGbf pko'Qm cfof]hgfx?sf] lj:t[t
cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ cfof]hgf dfu ug{] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ lghL
If]qnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]5 . dGotf k|fKt k/fdz{bftfn] cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws, cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L s]Gbdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf] ;DefJotf
cWoogsf nflu s]Gb|n] ;DefJotf cWoogsf] nfutsf] %) k|ltztdf gj9g] clwstd ?= %)
xhf/ ;Dd cfly{s ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg]5 .
-ª_ s]Gb|n] ;DefJo cfof]hgfx?sf] d"Nof+sg tyf ljZn]if0f u/L cg'bfgsf] nflu sf]ifnfO{ l;kmfl/;
ug]{5 .
-r_ sf]ifn] cfkm' ;dIf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf cfof]hgfx?sf] d"Nof+sg Pjd hfFr u/L cg'bfgsf nflu
of]Uo b]lvPsf cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'bfg :jLslt ug]{5 .
-5_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ lghL If]qn] cg'bfg jfx]ssf]] /sdsf] Joj:yf u/L
s]Gb|jf6 dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLx? dWo]af6 cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu l;njGbL sf]6]zg lnO{
k|lt:k|wf{jf6 s'g} Ps sDkgL 5gf}6 u/L s/f/ ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 .
-h_ h}ljs ljB't KnfG6 /xg] tyf To;nfO{ cfjZos h}ljs kbfy{ e08f/0f ug{] 3/ lgdf{0f ;lxt
;Dk"0f{ cfof]hgf h8fg ug]{ u/L pkef]Qmf ;d"x jf cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ lghL If]q / ;DjlGwt

37
 sDkgL jLrdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] cj:yfdf s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/; cg';f/ sf]ifn] b]xfo adf]lhd
e"StfgL lbg]5M—
-!_ ;DjlGwt sDkgLn] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/P cg';f/sf] h}ljs pmhf{jf6 laB't pTkfbg ug{]
pks/0f lgdf{0f :yndf pknAw u/fPsf] k|df0f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug]{
lghL If]qaf6 k|fKt ePkl5 lhlj; jf ;]jf s]Gb|af6 :ynut lgl/If0f u/L k|ltj]bg k|fKt
eP kZrft s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/;df sf]if dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] cg'bfgsf] ^) k|ltzt /sd
;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-@_ sDkgLn] h}ljs ljB't KnfG6 / To;nfO{ cfjZos h}ljs kbfy{ e08f/0f ug{] 3/ / ljB't
ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+lIfKt k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z
u/]kl5 s]Gb|n] cfkm} jf k/fdz{bftfjf6 :ynut lgl/If0f ug]{5 . l;kmfl/; ;lxt
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgl/If0f k|ltj]bg sf]ifdf k]z u/]kl5 sf]ifn] afFsL cg'bfgsf]
#) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-#_ h8fg ;DkGg ePsf] ldltn] ! jif{ kZrft h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] ljqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ lbP, glbPsf] olsg u/L, lbO{Psf] kfO{Pdf afFsL !) k|ltzt /sd ;DjlGwt
sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
%=%=# cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf cfjZostf cg';f/ sf]if, s]Gb| jf zfvf÷OsfO{ jf ;]jf s]Gb|sf
k|fljlwsx?n] :ynut lgl/If0f ug{]5g\ . h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] h8fg ;DkGg ePsf]] k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k]z
u/]kl5 s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{ dfkm{t h8fg ;DkGg eP, gePsf] cg'udg tyf ;'kl/lehg ug{]5 .

^= pTkfbgd'ns pmhf{ k|of]u

-s_ /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{gdf ghf]l8Psf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwaf6 pTkfbg ePsf] pmhf{ k|of]u u/L
;+rfng ul/g] pBd tyf Joj;fox? Dffq cg'bfgsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5g\ .
-v_ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlw;Fu} cfj4 eO{ cfpg] kl/k|of]u ljz]ifu/L ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL 3§, ;f}o{ ljB't
kDk, cflb afx]ssf pTkfbgd'ns pmhf{ k|of]usf nflu dfq cg'bfg pknAw u/fO{g]5 .
^=! cg'bfgsf nflu k"/f ug'{ kg]{ cfwf/x?
-s_ /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{g ghf]l8Psf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljB't cfof]hgf Pjd k|0ffnLdf
pTkfbgd'ns pmhf{ k|of]u k|j4{gsf nflu :yfgLo cfly{s ljsf; ;ldlt u7g ug'k{ g]{5 . cGo
;+:yfut tyf ;fd'bflos gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] xsdf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf]
x'g'kg{]5 .
-v_ pBdLnfO{ cg'bfg ljt/0fsf nflu :yfgLo cfly{s ljsf; ;ldlt jf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt hdfgt
a:g'kg{]5 .
-u_ Joj;flos of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / k|ljlw tyf pks/0f h8fg sfo{ s]Gb|n] klxrfg u/]sf Joj;fo
ljsf; ;]jf k|bfos jf sDkgL dfkm{t ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ h8fgstf{ sDkgL4f/f laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .
-ª_ cg'bfg :jLs[t ug{sf nflu pBdLn] cg'bfg afx]ssf] cfjZos /sdsf] ;'lglZrtf ug'{kg]{5 .
-r_ cg'bfg kmf/fd, Joj;flos of]hgf tyf cfj]bgx? :yfgLo cfly{s ljsf; ;ldlt jf Joj:yfkg
;ldlt, lhlj; Pjd ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf] l;kmfl/;df tf]lsPsf]] 9fFrfdf s]Gb|df k]z ug'{kg]{5 .

38
^=!=! cg'bfg ljt/0f
^=!=!=! /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{g ghf]l8Psf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljB't cfof]hgf÷k|0ffnLn] pTkfbg
u/]sf pmhf{ k|of]u u/L ;+rfng ul/g] lghL / ;fd'bflos pBf]u Joj;fosf] nfluM
-s_ pBdLn] Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jf k|bfos jf ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf] ;xof]udf pBf]usf] Joj;flos of]hgf
tof/ u/L cfkm\gf] pBd ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ ug'k{ g]{5 .
-v_ pBdLn] cfkmgf] Joj;flos of]hgf ;lxt cg'bfg kmf/fd :yfgLo cfly{s ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ ;ldltn] k|fKt cg'/f]wx?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f u/L l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|df k7fpg'
kg]5{ .
-3_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] k|fKt Joj;flos of]hgfx?nfO{ cWoog Pjd hfFr u/L ;DalGwt zfvf÷OsfO{df
l;kmfl/; ;lxt k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-ª_ ;DjlGwt lhlj;n] pBf]usf] k|sf/ x]/L n3' pBd cg'bfgsf nflu sfuhft :jLs[t u/L lhNnf
pmhf{ sf]if jf n3' pBd ljsf; sf]ifdf cg'bfg pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu s]Gb|df l;kmfl/;
ug]'{kg]{5 . ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf] xsdf lhlj;n] l;kmfl/; ;lxt pBdLsf] Joj;flos
of]hgf nufot ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx? s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 .
-r_ ;fd'bflos pBf]ux?sf] xsdf lhlj;n] l;kmfl/; ;lxt Joj;flos of]hgf nufot ;DjlGwt
;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx? s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 .
-5_ s]Gb|n] cfkm' ;dIf k]z ePsf sfuhftx? d"Nof+sg u/L ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] cj:yfdf
sf]ifdf cg'bfg :jLs[ltsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-h_ cg'bfg ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ k|s[of k"/f ePsf] ;'lgZlrt ePdf sf]ifn] n3' pBdsf] xsdf cg'bfg
/sd lhNnf pmhf{ sf]if jf n3' pBd ljsf; sf]ifdf lgsfzf ug]{5 . lhlj;n] cfjZos
cWoog Pjd d"Nof+sg u/L cg'bfg :jLs[t u/L s"n cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt /sd :yfgLo
cfly{s ljsf; ;ldltsf] vftfdf lgsfzf ug'{kg]{5 . afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg lhNnf pmhf{
sf]if jf n3' pBd ljsf; sf]ifn] pBf]u tyf Joj;fosf] cg'udg kZrft :yfgLo cfly{s
ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-em_ ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u / ;fd'bflos pBf]usf] xsdf cg'bfg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|s[of k"/f
ePsf] b]v]df sf]ifn] cg'bfg :jLs[t u/L s"n cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt /sd :yfgLo cfly{s
ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ lgsfzf ug'{kg]{5 . afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg sf]ifn] pBf]u tyf Joj;fosf]
:ynut cg'udg kZrft :yfgLo cfly{s ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
-`_ sf]if ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd :yfgLo cfly{s ljsf; ;ldltn] k|fKt cg'bfg /sd ;DalGwt
pBdLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
^=!=!=@ cGo gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwaf6 pTkfbg u/]sf ljB'tLo, oflGqs tyf tflko pmhf{
k|of]u u/L ;+rfng ul/g] lghL÷;fd'bflos pBf]u Joj;fosf] nfluM
-s_ pBdLn] Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jf k|bfos jf ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf] ;xof]udf pBf]usf] Joj;flos
of]hgf tof/ u/L cfkm\gf] pBd ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ ug'k{ g]{5 .
-v_ ;+:yfut tyf ;fd'bflos gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] xsdf pBdLn] cfkmgf] Joj;flos
of]hgf ;lxt cg'bfg kmf/fd Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ptm ;ldltn] l;kmfl/;
;lxt Joj;flos of]hgf ;DjlGwt ;]jf s]Gb|df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwaf6 pTkflbt pmhf{ k|of]u ug]{ lghL pBdLx?n] Joj;flos of]hgf
tyf cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? ;DalGwt uflj;sf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|df
k7fpg kg]{5 . cg'bfg k|fKt ug{sf nflu pBf]usf] gfddf a+}s vftf clgjfo{ x'g'kg]{5 .
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 -3_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] k|fKt Joj;flos of]hgfx?nfO{ cWoog tyf hfFr u/L ;DalGwt lhlj;sf]
l;kmfl/; ;lxt s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]5
{ .
-ª_ s]Gb|n] k]z ePsf sfuhftx?sf] d"Nof+sg u/L sf]ifdf cg'bfgsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-r_ sf]ifn] yk cWoog tyf hfFr u/L cg'bfg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|s[of k"/f ePsf] b]v]df cg'bfg
:jLs[t u/L s'n cg'bfgsf] () k|ltzt /sd Joj:yfkg ;ldlt jf pBdLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
afFsL !) k|ltzt cg'bfg sf]ifn] pBf]u tyf Joj;fosf] :ynut cg'udg kZrft Joj:yfkg
;ldlt jf pBdLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
^=!=@ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
-s_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] k|To]s $ dlxgfsf] cGt{/fndf ;Dk"0f{ pBf]u tyf Joj;fox?sf] :ynut cg'udg
u/L s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf k|ltj]bg s]Gb| / ;DjlGwt lhlj;df lgoldt ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ n3' pBdsf] xsdf ;]jf s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{sf] ;dGjodf pBf]u tyf Joj;fox?sf] :ynut
cg'udg u/L afFsL /x]sf] !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ;lxt lhNnf
pmhf{ sf]if jf n3' pBd ljsf; sf]ifnfO{ k|ltj]bg k7fO{ Ps k|lt s]Gb|df ;d]t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf] xsdf ;]jf s]Gb|n] zfvf÷OsfO{sf] ;dGjodf pBf]u tyf
Joj;fox?sf] :ynut cg'udg u/L afFsL /x]sf] !) k|ltzt cg'bfg /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ;lxt s]Gb|df k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ pTkfbgd"ns pmhf{ k|of]u ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx?sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg s]Gb|, lhlj; jf
;]jf s]Gb|af6 ul/g]5 .
-ª_ :yfgLo cfly{s ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s ?kdf ;]jf s]Gb| tyf zfvf÷OsfO{sf] pkl:yltdf
;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{5 .

&= s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if

cg'bfg gLltdf plNnlvt gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf ljleGg k|ljlw Pjd k|0ffnLx?df pknJw x'g] cg'bfg
/sdnfO{ k|efjsf/L, kf/blz{ Pjd ;/n?kdf kl/rfng ug{ s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
ul/g]5 . pQm sf]ifsf] ;+rfng, sfo{If]q, sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ sf]ifsf] sfo{ljlwdf tf]lsP jdf]lhd
x'g]5 .

s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]ifsf] ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ / gjLs/0fLo pmhf{
If]qdf ;xof]u ug]{ ljsf; ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;xdltdf k|lt:kwf{ dfkm{t s'g} Ps æsÆ ju{sf] jfl0fHo j}+snfO{
5gf}6 u/L lhDd]jf/L lbg ;lsg]5 . pQm Joj:yfklso j}+s -xfG8lnË j}+s_ sf] d'Vo sfo{df ;fem]bf/L
j}+s -kf6g/ j}+s_ nfO{ yf]s shf{ pknJw u/fpg], cg'bfg sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg / nufgL Joj:yfkg ug]{
x'g]5 . sf]ifsf] nufgL jf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] pQm Joj:yfklso j}+ssf] ;dGjo Pjd ;xof]udf
cjZostf cg';f/ ;fem]bf/L j}+ssf] ?kdf cGo ljlQo ;+:yfx? ;d]t 5gf}6 ug{ ;Sg]5 . pQm ljlQo
;+:yfx?n] ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwx? Pjd cfof]hgfx?df shf{ k|jfx ug]{5g\ . ;]jfsf] kx'Fr
j[l4 ug{ :yfgLo ljlQo ;+:yfx? Dffkm{t ;d]t shf{ k|jfx ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
&=! s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if ;ldlt
s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if Ps pRr:tl/o nufgL jf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt4f/f lgb]{lzt x'g]5 . pSt
;ldtLdf cy{ dGqfno, lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, g]kfn /fi6« a}s, j}slNks pmhf{
k|j4{g s]Gb|, ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] ;+3sf] k|ltlglw, sf]ifdf ;xof]u ug]{ ljsf; ;fem]bf/Lx?n] dgf]gog
u/]sf] lghL If]qsf] Ps hgf k|ltlglw / ljsf; ;fem]bf/Lsf tkm{jf6 Ps hgf k|ltlglw /xg]5g\ .
sf]ifsf] ;ldltn] cfjZos b]v]df j}7sdf sf]ifsf] Joj:yfklso j}+s / ;fem]bf/L j}+ssf k|ltlglwnfO{
ko{j]Ifssf] ?kdf efu lng cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

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 ;ldltsf] a}7s q}dfl;s ?kdf a:g]5 / ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] dfu u/]df cfjZostf cg';f/ ;d]t
a}7s a:g]5 .
&=@ s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if ;ldltsf d'Vo d'Vo sfo{x?
-s_ sf]ifsf] ;+:yfut 9fFrf, sf]ifsf] Joj:yfklso j}+ssf] 5gf}6sf] nflu sfo{ If]qut zt{ lgwf{/0f ug]{,
6]08/ k|lqmofsf] Joj:yfkg, j}+s;Fu s/f/ ;Demf}tf / ;fem]bf/L j}+ssf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-v_ sf]ifsf] ljlQo Joj:yfkgsf] jflif{s k'g/fjf]sg, /0fgLlts ljlQo Joj:yfkg 9fFrf tof/ ug]{, yf]s
shf{sf] nufgLsf] cfwf/x? lgwf{/0f ug]{, cg'udg k|0ffnL tyf k|lqmof th'{df ug]{ .
-u_ sf]ifsf] Joj:yfklso j}+s / sf]ifsf] nufgL ePsf] /sdsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] cg'udg, Joj:yklso
j}+sjf6 k|fKt ljleGg of]hgfx?, k|I]fk0f, k|ltj]bgx? k|fKt u/L /fo ;'emfj lbg] .
-3_ Joj:yfklso j}+sn] u/]sf] cfly{s k|If]k0f / of]hgfsf] cfwf/df cfjZos jh]6 lgsfzfsf] nflu
:jLs[t ug]{ .
-ª_ sf]ifsf] ;lrjfnon] tof/ kf/]sf] Joj:yfklso / ;fem]bf/L j}+sx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ;DjGwL
sfo{qmdx? :jls[t ug]{ .
-r_ sf]ifn] ;xof]u u/]sf] cg'bfg / shf{ ;DjGwL hgr]tgf tyf k|j4{g ;DjGwL sfo{x? ug]{ .
-5_ sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno :yfkgf tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

*= cGo k|fjwfgx?
*=! cg'bfg k|jfx ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
o; sfo{ljlwdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePklg s]lGb|o gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if :yfkgf eO{ ;+rfngdf
geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ cg'bfg /sd o; sfo{ljlw hf/L ug'{ cufl8 u7g ePsf] u|fdL0f
pmhf{ sf]ifsf] sfo{ljlw Pjd k|lqmof jdf]lhdg} x'g]5 .
*=@ yk cg'bfg ;DjGwL Joj:yf
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg gLlt @)^( df plNnlvt ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|0ffnL Pjd cfof]hgfdf
yk cg'bfgsf] nflu æPsn dlxnfÆ sf] xsdf ;DjlGwt lgsfojf6 hf/L ePsf] kl/rokq jf
kl/rokq gePsf] cj:yfdf uflj;sf] l;kmfl/; kq, ælk5l8Psf ju{Æ sf] xsdf ;DjlGwt lgsfo jf
uflj;sf] l;kmfl/;, æljkQL lkl8tÆ Pjd æ4G4jf6 k|efljtÆ sf] xsdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{nosf]
l;kmfl/; kq, æul/jÆ sf] xsdf ;DjlGwt lgsfon] hf/L u/]sf] kl/ro kq jf ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]ifn]
klxrfxg u/]sf ;d'bfosf ;b:o /x]sf 3/w'/Lsf] klxrfxg v'Ng] sfuhft / æ;/sf/n] klxrfxg u/]sf
nf]kf]Gd'v hghfltÆ sf] xsdf uflj;sf] l;kmfl/; kq clgjfo{?kdf ;+nUg x'g'kg]{5 .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] eGbf jflx/sf 3/kl/jf/, ju{ jf hfltnfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]df yk cg'bfgsf]
nflu dfGo x'g]5}g .
*=# lbUbz{g, lgb]{lzsf, dfkb08 :jLs[t ug]{
o; sfo{ljlwdf plNnlvt lgb]{lzsf, dfkb08, cg'bfg tyf cGo cfj]bg kmf/fdx? cflb sfo{ljlwdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 / pNn]v gePsf] xsdf j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] :jLs[t ug]{5 .
*=$ ljleGg k|fljlws ;ldltx? u7g ug{ ;Sg]
s]Gb|n] o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]lvt ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{;Fu ;DjlGwt cfof]hgfx?sf] k|fljlws,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs cflb kIfsf] d"Nof+sg ug{ s]Gb|sf ;DjlGwt sDtLdf jl/i7 clws[tsf]
41
 ;+of]hsTjdf ljleGg k|fljlws ;ldltx? u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;ldltdf cfjZostf cg';f/
;DjlGwt ;+:yfx?sf k|ltlglw ;d]t u/L j9Ldf % hgf ;b:ox? x'g]5g\ . !) ls=jf= Ifdtf ;Ddsf]
n3' hnljB't -lksf] xfO8«_ sf] k|fljlws, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kIfsf] d"Nof+sg ug{ :yfgLo ljsf;
clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf zfvf÷OsfO{sf] clws[t:t/sf] k|fljlws sd{rf/L ;b:o—;lrj x'g] u/L
lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, l;rfO{ sfof{no, vfg]kfgL sfof{no / cGo ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] k|fljlws
k|ltlglwx? ;lxtsf] j9Ldf % ;b:o /xg] u/L k|fljlws ;ldlt u7g ug'{kg]{5 .
*=% JofVof ug]{
o; sfo{ljlwsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf s'g} c:ki6tf, l4ljwf jf ;d:of b]lvPdf j}slNks pmhf{
k|j4{g s]Gb|n] u/]sf] JofVof clGtd x'g]5 .
*=^ k'g/fjnf]sg
cg'bfg kl/rfng sfo{ljlw k|To]s b'O{ aif{df jf cfjZostf cg';f/ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]5 . dfGotf
k|fKt sDkgLx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg :jtGq k/fdz{bftfåf/f x/]s aif{sf] cGt/fndf
ul/g]5 .
*=& vf/]hL
*=&=! gjLs/0fLo -u|fdL0f_ pmhf{ cg'bfg kl/rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^^ vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
*=&=@ dfly *=&=! adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw adf]lhd eP, u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;} sfo{ljlw adf]lhd eP
u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

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