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FREIO X
SEGURANÇA
EVITAR O
ESCORREGAMENTO
DAS RODAS
QUASE SEMPRE O
FREIO ESTÁ
ENVOLVIDO NO
ACIDENTE
QUE PARADA
EFICIENTE
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Slide 2
NBR 10966
NBR 10967
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Slide 3
NBR 10967
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Slide 4
NBR 10967
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Slide 5
HIDRÁULICOS
PNEUMÁTICOS
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Slide 6
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Slide 7
Freio a disco
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Slide 8
Caliper fixo
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Slide 9
Caliper móvel
Caliper móvel
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Slide 10
Ganho de força
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Slide 11
Funcionamento normal
Falha no funcionamento
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Slide 12
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Slide 13
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Slide 14
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Slide 15
tambor
patim
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Slide 16
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Slide 17
Cilindros – freio a
tambor
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Slide 18
Freio S came
Raio efetivo S came
Frenagem 27
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Slide 19
Frenagem 31
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Slide 20
Frenagem 29
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Slide 21
Fator de freio
Simulador geral
Leadin trailing
Duo servo
Frenagem 30
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Slide 22
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Slide 23
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Slide 24
eficiência
Frenagem 34
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Slide 25
Eficiencia x segurança
frenagem 35
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Slide 26
0,7
muf
0,6
0,5
mur
k=z+0,08 NBR 14354
0,4 k=z
0,3 k=z-0,08 AGO 1999
k=(z+0,07)/0,86
0,2
k=(z-0,02)/0,74
0,1
0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
desac / g
aderência no eixo
0,6
70
eficiência
60 0,5
50 0,4
40 0,3
30
0,2
20
10 0,1
0 0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
Colóquio freios Caxias Aderência da pista
k=z+0,08 k=(z-0,02)/0,74 k=(z+0,07)/0,86 k=z-0,08
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Slide 27
1
0,9
0,8
aderência utilizada
0,7
muf
0,6
0,5
mur
k=z+0,08
NBR 14354
0,4 k=z
0,3 k=z-0,08 AGO 1999
k=(z+0,07)/0,86
0,2
k=(z-0,02)/0,74
0,1
0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
desac / g
z (desac/g)
eficiência
60 0,6
50 0,5
40 0,4
30 0,3
20 0,2
10 0,1
0 0
Colóquio freios Caxias
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
Aderência da pista
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Slide 28
0,6 k=z-0,08
k=(z+0,07)/0,86
0,5
k=(z-0,02)/0,74
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
Simuador geral
0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8
desac / g
100 1
90 0,9
80 0,8
70 0,7
z (desac/g)
eficiência
60 0,6
50 0,5
40 0,4
30 0,3
20 0,2
10 0,1
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Slide 29
100 0,8
90 0,7
80
aderência no eixo
0,6
70
0,5
eficiência
60
50 0,4
40 0,3
30 PROBABILIDADE
0,2
20 ESCORREGAMENTO
10 0,1
0 0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9
Aderência da pista
k=z+0,08 k=(z-0,02)/0,74 k=(z+0,07)/0,86 k=z-0,08
Uso do ABS
NBR 14353
AGO 1999
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Slide 30
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Slide 31
Frenagem 36
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Slide 32
b f 0.01
S (Vi Vf 2)
2 2
S 18.35
g ( f ) t 2.20
b 7.56
b
t (Vi Vf )
g ( f )
g
b ( f )
b
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Slide 33
b 8,52
t
b
g
W
C ( f )
tg 1( (Vi Vf )
C
W ( f )
)
g Ra
b ( f )
b W
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Slide 34
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Slide 35
Simulação geral
Frenagem 38
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Slide 36
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Slide 37
200
Wop
0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Peso [kgf]
84,2
84,0
90 83,8
83,7
83,5
83,4
83,3
83,1
83,0
82,9
82,8
82,7
82,5
82,5
82,1
81,1
80,1
79,2
78,3
77,4
80
70
60 %WBF4E
EIXOS
50 %WBF4D
40 %WBR4E
30 %WBR4D
20
10
0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
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Slide 38
1200
Wop
1000
Peso dinâmico [kgf[
400
200
Wop
0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Peso do veículo [kgf]
PESO DINÂMICO x PESO DO VEÍCULO [kgf] -
pista asfalto/concreto molhada [0,4]
1200
Wop
1000
PESO DINÂMICO [kgf]
800
400
wbf front. Esq.
wbf front. Dir.
200
wbr front. Esq.
Wop
wbr front. Dir.
0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
PESO VEÍCULO [kgf]
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Slide 39
2
DISTRIBUIÇÃO REAL E IDEAL 9,44 m/s Desaceleração x Peso do veículo [ 0 = 1,0 ]
100 10
Wop
90 9 9,43
% FORÇA DE FRENAGEM
80 8 9,3
Desaceleração [m/s2]
70 %wbf front. Esq. 7 98%
%wbf =(wbf/W)*100
60 %wbf front. Dir. %wbr =(wbf/W)*100
8,2
6 2
%wbr front. Esq. real 85%/15% 7,1 m/s
50
%wbr front. Dir. 5
40 distrib. Real eixo diant.
4
30 distrib. Real eixo tras.
3 desac. 85/15 front. Esq.
20
2 desac. 85/15 front. dir
10 FRENAGEM DE EMERGÊNCIA
Wop 1 Sem escorregameto dos eixos
0 desac. Max.
0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
PESO DO VEÍCULO [kgf] Peso do veículo [kgf]
Desaceleração [m/s2]
7 6,25 7
6 7,03 6 2
3,89 m/s 2,86
5 92% 5,38 6,15 5
4 4
3 3
desac. 85/15 front. Esq.
2 FRENAGEM DE EMERGÊNCIA 2
desac. 85/15 front. dir 3,22
1 Sem escorregameto dos eixos 2,7
desac. Max. 1 2,47
82% 9
0
0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Peso do veículo [kgf] Peso do veículo [kgf]
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Slide 40
80
70
%wbf front. Esq.
60 %wbf front. Dir.
real 80%/20% %wbr front. Esq.
50
distrib. Real eixo tras.
40 distrib. Real eixo diant.
distrib. Real eixo tras.
30
20
10
0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
PESO DO VEÍCULO [kgf]
Desaceleração x Peso do veículo [ 0 = 1,0 ]
10
9,5
Desaceleração [m/s2]
8,5
8
desac. 80/20 Front dir.
7,5 desac. 80/20 Front. esq.
desac. Máx.
7
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Peso do veículo [kgf]
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Slide 41
2
DISTRIBUIÇÃO REAL E IDEAL 9,44 m/s COEFICIENTE DE ADESÃO USADO x PESO DO
100 VEÍCULO [ 0 = 1,0 ] - 85%/15%
Wop
90 1
% FORÇA DE FRENAGEM
80 0,9
0,8
0,8
Coef. adesão utilizado
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Slide 42
2
DISTRIBUIÇÃO REAL E IDEAL 9,44 m/s ESPAÇO PERCORRIDO x PESO DO VEÍCULO [0 = 0,9 ]
100 Veloc. inicial 96 km/h
Wop
90 65
% FORÇA DE FRENAGEM
80 balanceamento variável
60 88,67% a 90,69% (eixo diant.)
100
90
80
esp. Front. Esq.
esp. Front. Dir.
70 FRENAGEM DE EMERGÊNCIA esp. mínimo
Sem escorregameto dos eixos Espaço medido
60
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
PESO DO VEÍCULO [kgf]
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Slide 43
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Slide 44
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Slide 45
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Slide 46
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