Worksheet Impedance Scaling

1. (a) Impedance scaling or magnitude scaling by a factor K m :

Z new (s)  K m Zold (s) .

(b) Z new (s)  K m Zold (s) is achieved by impedance scaling the individual circuit

1 Km 1
elements by K m : Rnew  K m Rold ,   , and Lnew s  (K m Lold )s .
Cnew s Cold s Cold
s
Km

2. Review Test: (a) Cnew  _________ Cold .

(b) Lnew  _________ Lold

(c) Rnew  _________ Rold

3. Consider the series RLC circuit below.

s2 Ê Ês  Ê
(a) Zin (s)  ÊÊ
___________________
Ês
 2 © R. A. DeCarlo

(b) Impedance scale each circuit element by K m . Then

s2 Ê Ês  Ê
Zin,new (s) ÊÊÊ ÊÊÊÊÊ  Zold (s)
___________________
Ês

(c) Compute Transfer function without impedance scaling:

Vout (s)
H (s)  
Vin (s)
ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ__________________________________

(d) Compute Transfer function with impedance scaling:

Vout (s)
H new (s)    H old (s)
Vin (s) ________________________________
 3 © R. A. DeCarlo

Worksheet on Frequency Scaling

s
1. (a) Frequency scaling by a factor K f : s  .
Kf

s
2. s  achieved by frequency scaling each of the circuit elements:
Kf

1
(a) If ZC (s)  then frequency scaling by K f means:
Cs

 s 
ZC ,new (s)  ZC ,old   implies Cnew  _________ Cold .
 Kf 

(b) If Z L (s)  Ls then frequency scaling by K f means:

 s 
Z L,new (s)  Z L,old   implies Lnew  _________ Lold .
 f
K

(c) If Z R (s)  R then frequency scaling by K f means:

 s 
Z R,new (s)  Z R,old   means Rnew  _________ Rold .
 f
K
 4 © R. A. DeCarlo

3. Consider the series RLC circuit below.

s2 Ê Ês  Ê
(a) Zin (s)  ÊÊ
___________________
Ês

(b) Frequency scale each circuit element by K f . Then using the frequency scaled

parameter values to obtain:

2
 s   s 
s Ê
2
Ês  Ê   Ê Ê   Ê
 ÊÊÊÊ  ÊÊÊÊ
Zin (s) ÊÊ ÊÊ
 s 
Ês Ê 
 ÊÊÊÊ

(c) Without any scaling

Vout (s)
H (s)  
Vin (s)
ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ__________________________________
 5 © R. A. DeCarlo

(d) With individual element frequency scaling

Vout (s)
H new (s)  
Vin (s)
ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ________________________________

s
(e) With frequency scaling by s 
Kf

 s 
H new (s)  H old  
 Kf 
ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ________________________________

SHOW THAT YOUR ANSWERS TO (d) AND (e) ARE THE SAME.
 6 © R. A. DeCarlo

Worksheet—Combined Magnitude and Frequency Scaling

For each question below, write down the "correct" answer.

1
1. If ZC (s)  then frequency scaling by K f and magnitude scaling by K m means
Cs
that Cnew  _________ Cold .

2. If Z L (s)  Ls then frequency scaling by K f and magnitude scaling by K m means that

Lnew  _________ Lold .

3. If Z R (s)  R then frequency scaling by K f and magnitude scaling by K m means that

Rnew  _________ Rold .

True-False: Impedance scaling does not change current ratios: _________________

True-False: Impedance scaling does not change voltage ratios: _________________

True-False: Frequency scaling does not change s-dependent voltage ratios:

_______________

True-False: Impedance scaling does not change transfer functions: _______________

 7 © R. A. DeCarlo

TEST YOURSELF:

In the left hand column below there is an approximate gain magnitude response
associated with a transfer function H(s). In the right hand columns there is a new gain
magnitude response whose transfer function is related to H(s) by scalaing. Properly label
the horizontal axis of the graph on the right.
(a)

(b)