GLOBALIZATION
Globalization
 Giddens: intensification of worldwide social
relations which link many miles away and
vice versa
 Robertson: refers both to the compression
of the world and the intensification of
consciousness of the world as a whole
 Harvey: compression of time and space and
the annihilation of distance
 Sunny Levin Institute: looks as a process of
interaction and integration among the
people companies and governments of
different nation]
 Flynn and Giraldez: synonymous to
permanent global trade which began when
exchange product constinously
 Steger (2005): explain the globalization into
three
 Globalization as Process- worldwide
social interdependencies and
exchanges between local and distant
 Globalization as Condition-refer as
globality to touch our feelings
 Scholte(2008) refers
globality as social condition
characterized by
transparency connectivity
and supraterrtoriality
 Globalization as Ideology: Line of
reasoning
 Michael Freeden exist in
people’s consciousness in a
political belief system that
benefit certain class
Theoretical Paradigms Associated with
 World System Paradigm
 IMMANUEL Wallerstein- proponent
of the theory
 not recent phenomenon but as
virtually with the birth or spread of
world capitalism
 continuing and evolving
 Broad Capitalism
 Global Capitalism Paradigm
 Treat as novel stage in the evolving
system of world capitalism
 They focus on new global
production and financial system
 Specific Capitalism
 The network Society School Of Thought
 Does not subscribe to the
contention that capitalism fuels
globalization
 Forth that premise that technology
and technological changes
underlying cause of globalization
 Manuel Castelles- The Rise of
Network Society
 Technology
 Space Time and Globalization
 Anthony Giddens- the concept
essence of globalization is time and
space distinction
 LOCALIZATION
 David Harvey- spatio temporal
theme
 Trans nationality and Transnationalism
 people and practices beliefs culture
 Migration
 Transnationalism generally refers to
an umbrella concept encompassing
a wide variety of transformative
process from local and global level
 Culture Parigdm-
  The rapid growth of mass media
and resultant global cultural flows
and images in recent decades
Misception about Globalization
 Globalization as Internationalization
 INTERNATIONALIZATION- includes
activities entities such
corporation, states internal
organization, private organization
(specific)
 GLOBALIZATION- includes gamut of
human activities that do not require
reference to a state national borders
(for all)
 Globalization as Liberalization
 Liberalization- is commonly
understood as the removal of
barriers and restriction imposed by
national government so as to create
an open and borderless world
economy
 Globalization- is realized when
national governments reduce nor
abolish regulatory measures like
trade barrier
 Globalization as Universalization And
Westernization
 UNIVERSALIZATION- denotes a
process of spreading various ojects,
practices and experiences to the
different parts of the planet
 GLOBALIZATION- when things
values and practices have spread
worldwide
 WESTERNIZATION- western
modernity spreads and destroy local
cultures this variant
universalization
CHAPTER 2
2 FORMAL INTERNATIONAL ORAGNIZATION
 International Monetary Fund
as  Promote global monetary
cooperation and financial stability
created 1945
 To prevent trade war
 Short term loans
 Changed when the fixed change rate
system collapsed
 Based on quotas
 WORLD BANK
 Long term loans for less developed
countries
 To reduce severe poverty
 Two Institution
 IBRD – lending to middle
income: International Bank
For Reconstruction and
Development
 IDA- credits and loans to
lowest income countries:
International Development
Association
INFORMAL INTERNATIONAL ORAGNIZATION
 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARRIFS AND
TRADE
 Avoid trade wars by raising
protectionist barriers as witnessed
during the interwar period
 Expansion of trade and services
 World Trade Organization 1995
of
International Monetary System
 Set of general rules, legal norms,
instruments and institution shaping
payment condition for foreign trade
NEOLIBERALISM vs. KEYNESIAN
CHAPTER 3
United Nations
 Primary organization for international
cooperation, peace and security and to
foster international cooperation in
addressing humanitarian social and
economic cultural issues
 Was created in 1945 by the Allied Power
the victors of second world war
Six Principal Organs
 Economic and Social Councils
 primary objective is to advance the
economic social and environmental
dimension of sustainable
development
 it is composed of 54 elected
members by the General Assembly
for Overlapping three-year terms
(Chapter X)
 Trusteeship Council
 Was established as a main oragn of
the UN (Chapter XIII) to provide
international supervision of Trust
Territories that are under the
administration of seven member of
the state
 All 11 Trust Territories achieved
independence in 1994
 International Court of Justice
 Is the united nation principal judicial
organ (Chapter XIV)
 Its role is to settle legal disputes
between states and to provide
advisory opinions on legal question
 Security Council
 Is the most potent organ with the
power to make legally binding
resolutions, However it becomes
easily incapacitated whenever
security interest involving the
permanent members are at sake
 Composed by 15 member by UN
charter (Chapter V)
 General Assembly
 Is the only organ with universal
representation with all 193
members states represented in the
body
 Secretariat
 The Secretary General is the chief
administrative officer of the United
Nation Secretariat
 Read more page 63
Chapter 4
The Global North
 Generally viewed to be more affluent and
economically stable countries.
 More Economically Developed Countries
(MEDCs) in the world were found in here.
 They are considered the “richer” and more
stable countries.
 Includes the USA, Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, japan,Russia, UK the
member nations of the G8 (Group 8), the
four permanent members of the UN
Security Council.
  It also includes countries that lies below
the equator namely Australia and New
Zealand.
Why the countries in the North are considered
MEDC?
1. Stable economy
2. Better standard of living and quality of life
3. Longer life expectancy
4. Developed education levels and technology
5. High GDP
6. High Human Development Index (HDI
The Global South
 The developing or the poor countries.
 Countries included are called Low
Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs).
 The global south includes most nations
located in Africa, Latin America, and the
developing parts of Asia with the exception
of Japan.
Why countries in the South are considered LEDCs?
1. Unstable Government
2. Poor economy
3. Poor standard of living and Quality of life
4. Low GDP
5. Low HDI
First World – those countries whose political
ideologies preached for Democracy and Capitalism
and has alliances with USA and Western world.
Second World – includes the Communist bloc led
by USSR (Russia), China and other states who
employed Marxist Principles.
Third World – corresponds to the Non Aligned
States, the underdeveloped nations and states that
have unstable political and economic conditions.
 The term has been coined by the French
scholar Alfred Sauvy in 1952 to
distinguished the formerly colonized and
presently neo-colonized societies of Asia,
Africa, and Latin America from the
modernized “first” world of capitalism and
the modernizing “second world” of
socialism.
 1960s, Third World became a central
political slogan for the radical left. It
suggests that societies of the Third World,
embarking on the long path to modernity,
had one of the two paths to follow, the
capitalist or the socialist.(Dirlick, 2007)
 Riggs (2007), pointed out some
interchangeable terms that characterize the
Third World – The Less-developed world,
the Majority World, the Non Western
World, the Poor World and
Underdeveloped World, all beaming with
hues of economic dilemma and lack of
development.
 Third World serves as “ready and willing
markets” to the delight of the First World
producer states
ASIAN TIGERS COUNTRY
 Singapore
 Taiwan
 Hong Kong
 South Korea
ASIAN REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
 The ASEAN also known as the Association
of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional
grouping of nation states predominantly
occupying the South East Asian locale.
 promote intergovernmental cooperation
 facilitates economic, political, security,
military, educational
 Socio-cultural integration amongst its
members and other Asian countries.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
 Is a regional forum established in 1989 to
leverage the growing interdependence of
the Asia-Pacific.
 APEC’s 21 members aim to create greater
prosperity for the people of the region by
promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable,
innovative and secure growth and by
accelerating regional economic integration.
 APEC ensures that goods, services,
investment and people move easily across
borders. Members facilitate this trade
 through faster customs procedures at
borders, more favorable business climates
behind the border.
EAST ASIA SUMMIT (EAS)
 The East Asia Summit is a unique Lead the
Asia-Pacific region formed to further the
objectives of regional peace, security and
prosperity.
 It has evolved as a forum for strategic
dialogue and cooperation on political,
security and economic issues of common
regional concerns.
 The membership of EAS consists of ten
ASEAN Member States with Australia,
China, India, Japan, New Zealand Republic
of Korea, Russian Federation and the USA.
 EAS is an initiative of ASEAN and is based
on the premise of centrality of ASEAN.
APT ASEAN Plus Three ASEAN+3
 Cooperation began in December 1997 and
Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
institutionalized in 1999 when the Leaders
issued a Joint Statement on East Asia
Cooperation at their Third ASEAN+3 Summit
in Manila.
 The ASEAN+3 leaders expressed greater
resolve and confidence in further
strengthening and deepening East Asia
cooperation at various levels and in various
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
areas, including energy transport and
information and communications
technology (ICT)
 ASEAN agreed to strengthen partnership
with the People's Republic of China (PRC),
the Republic of Korea (Korea) and Japan to
address mutual issues and concerns in
energy security, natural gas development,
oil market studies, oil stockpiling, and
renewable energy. ASEAN Plus Three (APT)
can be considered as a forum that functions
as coordinator of co-operation between the
Association of Southeast Asian Nation and
the three East Asia nations of China, Japan,
and South Korea.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an
infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus.
 Most people who fall sick with COVID-
19 will experience mild to moderate
symptoms and recover without special
treatment.
 HOW IT SPREADS The virus that causes
COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through
droplets generated when an infected
person coughs, sneezes, or exhales.
These droplets are too heavy to hang in
the air, and quickly fall on floors or
surfaces.
 You can be infected by breathing in the
virus if you are within close proximity of
someone who has COVID-19, or by
touching a contaminated surface and
then your eyes, nose or mouth.
 Officially designated as Republic Act No.
11469, is a law in the Philippines that was
enacted in March 2020 granting the
President additional authority to combat
the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in the
Philippines. The word "bayanihan" is a
Tagalog word for communal work.
 The United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea, also called the Law of the Sea
Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is
the international agreement that resulted
from the third United Nations Conference
on the Law of the Sea, which took place
between 1973 and 1982.
 Signatories: 157
 Start date: 10 December 1982
 Effective: 16 November 1994
 Condition: 60 ratifications
Territorial disputes 

 Occur when official representatives of one

country make explicit statements claiming
sovereignty over a specific piece
of territory that is claimed or administered
by another country. The Issue Correlates of
War (ICOW) Project has identified over
800 territorial disputes globally since 1816