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Electricity is one of the most important blessings that science has given to
mankind. Energy is being utilized through the formation of electricity. As the world
continues to evolve, the resources need to multiply its number to sustain the requirements
of life. Therefore, renewable resources like salt and water can be used as an alternative to
country’s population does not have access to electricity. Places like Divilacan,
Dinapigue, Palanan, and Maconacon that are found in the Province of Isabela suffer from
scarcity of electricity. Almost half of the income of every Filipino family is spent in
electrical bills. Also, the nonrenewable resources which are the main sources of power
Fortunately, countries like the Philippines will benefit the most since they have a
large supply of salt and water. The country’s water contains some of the world’s richest
elements such as salt. The Philippine government can establish power plants that make
use of renewable energy sources such as salt and water to provide electricity for the
40% sodium and 60% chlorine. Aside from its use in cooking, it also produces
electricity. Molecules of the salt are made of sodium ions and chlorine ions that have
1
electrical charges because it has either gained or lost an electron. When salt is put in
water (salt water), the water molecules pull the sodium and chlorine ions apart causing
the ions to float freely. These ions serve as the carriers of electricity through water. It is
true that salt water is free and eco-friendly supplier of energy and a good conductor of
electricity.
The general intent of this study is to evaluate how salt and water can be used as
an alternative provider of electricity. The sides that are looked into are the probability of
salt and water as an alternative source of energy, its ability to provide a cheaper and
much safer source of power, and more accessible electricity source for the people who
live in remote areas. In this way, the people can prevent themselves from using
This will help the country solve its problem concerning electrical issues.
Moreover, it will save the nonrenewable resources from reduction. Therefore, the
researchers want to conduct the investigation to prove and evaluate how salt can be an
This investigatory research is intended to evaluate how the probability of salt and
water can power a light bulb. The researchers want to find for applicable answers to
2. What are the processes involved in making salt and water circuit?
2
3. How does the kind of salt affect the voltage being produced?
5. How does the connection between wires, copper plate, and aluminum rod affect
The goal of the study is to evaluate the potential of salt and water as an
2. To determine the procedures involved in making the salt and water circuit.
5. To determine the effect of connection between the wires, copper plate, and
aluminum rod.
To the Residents Near the Coastal Areas. The result of this study can provide
prior knowledge on how to create light using the natural resources like seawater that
surrounds them.
To the Students. The findings of this study can stimulate their interests and
To the Science Teachers. This research includes studies in the different branches
of science like chemistry and physics. Thus, the results of the experiments give
3
To the Faculty and Administration. The study will provide information
regarding the conservation of energy and electricity in school by using cheaper and safer
further improve and expand their ability to create a more accessible circuit.
To the Future Researchers. The findings of this study will serve as a basis that
will give ideas to related research that can help to expand their understanding.
To the Government. The study will provide the local government the idea in
building a power plant that makes use of salt and water as a primary source of electricity.
The research is conducted to show the relationship between the materials such as
salt, water, and wires and the production of alternative electric circuit considering the
The study is held within the Campus and the Science Laboratory of Casa Del
Niño Montessori School, San Rafael, Roxas, Isabela during the Second Quarter of the
Definition of Terms
To ensure clarity and definiteness to their usage, the following terms are hereby
4
Salt. This refers to the solute that is being dissolved by water and composed of negative
ions.
LED sheet. This refers to the material used in the study to measure how much power is
Wire. This refers to the connection of copper plate and aluminum rod.
Multi Tester. This refers to the tester used to measure the flow of direct current volt.
Electricity. This refers to the form of energy that is produced by salt and water.
Circuit. This refers to the pathway where electricity travels to salt and water.
School. This refers to Casa Del Niño Montessori School of Roxas Science Laboratory,
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
home to the power grid. Most of the communities are not connected to the power grid,
which means they do not have direct access to electricity. Most of the Filipinos who live
in remote areas still use fire-based lighting systems, like kerosene lamps, to light their
homes. The main goal is to make use of the most abundant natural resource that
Salt water can be a more effective conductor of electricity than pure water. When
a salt molecule is dissolved, the negative and positive ions are released in the water. The
negatively charged chlorine ions absorb the electrons which are released by the positive
sodium ions that form an opposite attraction. These ions create a connection which
The process of making unrefined salt is through natural evaporation but also
heating and roasting. Refined Salt is exposed to higher chemical treatment than unrefined
salt leading it to lose the natural minerals found in seawater. Refined salt is harvested
from salt mines then undergoes the process of chemical compression which results to
calcium and bromine that are also found in seawater. During the chemical process of
Refined Salt, these minerals are removed causing it to have more chemical compositions.
(Andrew, 2018)
6
Kerosene lamps are the main source of lighting for remote areas in the
Philippines. Kerosene lamp is a very common lighting source that has been used by
many generations. Kerosene lamps release black carbon which is dangerous if inhaled
for an hour. It has the same effect of smoking 40 cigarettes a day. People adapting to an
alternative light source is more efficient and safer than using kerosene lamps. SALt lamp
can greatly reduce carbons that are released on the environment to lessen the contribution
to the air pollution. In addition, Mijeno helps to create a device that would make people’s
lives easier. People can create energy through different ways but the only problem is
renewable sources. However, as the demand for electricity increases, increase in the
price of oil, loss of fossil fuels, and the tremendous warming of the earth due to
important.
energy storage systems with rechargeable and low-cost batteries. With the use of
batteries and salt water, it can be an alternative energy source. The salt water can help to
power a battery using the reactions of gases at the positive charge, and the reduction and
concentration, the usage of energy in a safer and cheaper way is controlled. (Park, Sang
Min, 2016)
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Many Filipinos have been living without electricity. Lighting up their homes
takes a lot of time, and effort. Mijeno witnessed the lives of many indigenous people
living without electricity. Using salt and water is an effective material to light up a circuit
because it powers the ions in the battery. Electricity produced from salt water will make
a big difference in their lives. Their product will keep families from using dangerous and
expensive materials like kerosene, which contributes a massive amount of air pollution.
By using salt water circuit, families will be safer, and have more time in their livelihood
Most commercial refined salt is taken from salt mines such as brine which is a
highly concentrated solution of water and salt. In this process, chemicals are used to
remove leftover minerals that are referred to as impurities in salt. After the process,
refined salt will be mineral free that makes its concentration higher than coarse salt.
Ferrocyanide, ammonium, citrate, and aluminum silicate are the composition of refined
salt. Dextrose is also used as a neutralizer to preserve its iodide. In contrast with refined
salt, unrefined salt contains much more than sodium chloride. In the production of salt,
machines that remove the minerals and other elements that are naturally found in salt is
not needed. Moreover, Unrefined Salt has not been exposed to harmful chemicals which
makes the minerals stay within its composition. Finally, the other impurities have been
removed from refined salt while Unrefined Salt is composed of the original chemical of
When salt is being dissolved in water, it will release its positive sodium ions and
negative chloride ions. This means that there are positive and negative charges present in
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salt water solution. Electricity can be produced from one electrical conductor or also
called as the electrode to the opposite ends of the salt water circuit. As a result, these
charged ions complete the salt water circuit that powers the light bulb. The amount of
salt dissolved in water will determine how bright or dim the bulb will shine. (Coppens,
2012)
alternative creator of electricity. The world’s main energy resources are coal and oil.
However, burning of coal to produce electricity expels large amount of carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere which contributes a lot to the production of harmful greenhouse
gases. Therefore, salt water could be the best eco-friendly source of energy for homes
and factories. It is possible to create salt water power plants along coastlines to produce
electricity that can lessen the harm to the environment. In the future, people can look
into this as an option to ensure reliable energy supplies to their homes, and this would
Bengaluru and Prasad used the electrolysis method to produce electricity from
salt water. Water is composed of two elements which are hydrogen and oxygen. But
using only water cannot conduct electricity. However, adding ordinary table salt to water
will become an electrolyte solution. Salt is composed of Sodium and Chlorine ions
wherein these ions have electrical charge. These ions carry electricity through water that
The conversion of salt water into electricity aims for the public to discover the
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source. In addition, this study implies some methods that can make future researchers
competent and try to create an experiment using salt water. By using a salt water circuit,
it helps people to save money as it may be a cheap source of energy. Salt water circuit is
environmentally-friendly. The study can help the future researchers to create a more
efficient source of power that can greatly contribute to society. (Albano, 2009)
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METHODOLOGY
This chapter aims to discuss the process and materials needed to be able to
perform the investigation of making a salt and water circuit. This also includes the
amount of salt needed to light the salt and water circuit and how it affects the flow of
electric current. This is the part of the study where the researchers will perform the
Materials Function
400 mL Water Water will be used as the solvent in the
investigation.
Table Salt Table salt will be used as the solute in the
first investigation.
Iodized Salt These types of iodized salt will be used as
● Refined Sea Salt the solute in the second and third
● Coarse Sea Salt investigation.
LED Sheet (3 volts) Light sheet will be the material to be
powered.
26 cm wire Wire will be used to connect the aluminum
rod and copper plate for the electricity to
pass through.
Beaker The beaker will be used to measure the 400
mL of water per treatment in terms of their
solution.
15 cm Plastic Container The plastic container will be used to hold
the series of connections of the aluminum
rod and copper plate in place.
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Pliers Pliers will be used to bend the aluminum
rod to secure the wire connected to the
aluminum.
Wire Stripper Wire stripper will be used to cut the wires.
Screw Driver This will be used to twist the aluminum to
become a spring-like rod.
Procedures
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8. Put the connection of aluminum rod and copper plate in plastic containers
alternately to make a series of negative and positive electrodes.
9. In the end of the series, it must be an aluminium rod and copper plate. Aluminum
rod serves as the negative while the copper plate is the positive.
10. Connect a wire to the both sides. One for the aluminum rod and one for the
copper plate. The other end of the wires for aluminum rod and copper plate will
be connected to the light bulb.
11. Measure the volts produced by the salt and water circuit using the multi tester.
Table 2: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 10 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to
the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen
Oxide (H2O).
The table shows that in the solution of 400mL of dihydrogen oxide (H2O) and
10 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl), the three types of salt used in each solution namely
Table Salt, Refined Sea Salt, and Coarse Sea Salt produced different amount of voltage.
Table Salt produced 2 volts, while Refined Sea Salt produced 4.4 volts which makes it
the highest voltage produced for the solution of 400mL of dihydrogen oxide (H2O) and
10 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl). On the other hand, Coarse Sea Salt yielded 1.4
volts making it the lowest voltage produced for the solution of 400mL of dihydrogen
oxide (H2O) and 10 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl). Based on the statement of Dr.
David Brownstein, Refined Salt experiences chemical treatment to remove the impurities
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In contrast to Unrefined Salt which does not undergo any chemical treatment
and enables it to preserve its natural minerals. Basically, Refined Salt is able to produce
the highest voltage among the three types of salt used in the study because of its high
chemical composition including not only sodium and chloride but chemical compounds
Table 3: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 20 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to
the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen
Oxide (H2O).
It can be seen in the table that, the amount of voltage produced by the 20 grams
of three types sodium chloride (NaCl) in the same amount of 400ml of dihydrogen oxide
(H20), the researchers observed that the results from both Table Salt and Refined Salt
On the other hand, Coarse Sea Salt increased the amount of voltage producing 2.4 volts.
According to Little Potato Company, Coarse Sea Salt is a versatile type of salt. Its
compositions are similar to Table Salt however, it contains large particles and is less
refined which makes it harder to dissolve. Therefore, due to its versatility and minerals,
Coarse Sea Salt can produce higher voltage with the help of enough water that requires
14
Table 4: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 30 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to
the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen
Oxide (H2O).
of sodium chloride used in the study (NaCl) is gradually increased as the researchers
increased the amount of solution to 400mL of dihydrogen oxide (H2O) and 30 grams of
sodium chloride (NaCl). Table Salt and Coarse Sea Salt both produced 2.8 volts
however, Refined Sea Salt produced 4.6 volts. As stated by Dr. Ananya Mandal, if an
give free ions the electrolyte is strong. On the contrary, if a small amount of sodium
chloride disperses from the compound, the electrolyte is weak. Different properties of
electrolytes can be used in the process of electrolysis where elements and compounds in
Table 5: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 40 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to
the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen
Oxide (H2O).
15
The present table shows that in the solution of 400mL of dihydrogen oxide (H2O)
and 40 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl), Table Salt is the only type of sodium chloride
(NaCl) used in the study whose voltage is increased to 3 volts in respect to the results of
table 4. However, Refined Sea Salt remained constant and produced 4.6 volts in both
table 4 and table 5, and Coarse Sea Salt decreased from 2.8 volts in the previous table to
2.6 volts.
biomedical sciences articulated that Table Salt is 97% to 99% sodium chloride but other
compounds that are present in Table Salt depend on its source. There are two main
sources of Table Salt, it can be from either mineral halite which is mined or evaporated
sea water or sea salt. Since the Table Salt used by the researchers came from sea water or
sea salt, it consists not only of sodium and chloride but also consists of substances such
sodium fluoride is also added as a common additive of Table Salt, and it may also
contain pollutants associated with water which make it flow more freely producing the
highest voltage among the three sodium chloride (NaCl) used in the solution of 400mL
Table 6: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 50 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to
the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen
Oxide (H2O).
16
In this table, it is presented that the amount of voltage produced by the three types
of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the solution of 400mL dihydrogen oxide (H2O) and 50
grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) is seemingly different from the findings in table 5. It
can be seen in Table 6 that Table Salt and Coarse Sea Salt both produced 3 volts while
Refined Sea Salt yielded 4.4 volts. Obviously, Refined Sea Salt has the highest voltage in
In comparison with the evidence provided in table 2 where Refined Sea Salt also
produced the highest amount of voltage, the researchers observed that it is due to the
fundamental differences of the components of the three types of salt why the voltages
vary. In addition, a physician in West Bloomfield, Michigan, Dr. David Brownstein said
that Refined Sea Salt is contaminated with toxic sodium ferrocyanide, ammonium citrate,
and aluminum silicate. Basically, Refined Sea Salt yielded the highest amount of voltage
Table 7: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 60 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to
the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen
Oxide (H2O).
In this table, the three types of 60 grams Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and the 400mL
solution of Dihydrogen Oxide (H2O) produced different voltages. However, the result of
the previous table regarding Table Salt yielded the same voltage which is 3.0 volts.
Refined Sea Salt also had the same result as table 6 which is 4.4 volts. On the other hand,
17
Coarse Sea Salt produced 3.4 voltage which is higher than the previous trial. It can be
seen in table 3 that the results of Table Salt and Refined Salt remained the same while
Therefore, due to the polarity of both water and sodium chloride and the strong
covalent bond of water, salt is being dissolved. It is said that the ions in sodium chloride
Table 8: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 70 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to
the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen
Oxide (H2O).
In this table, the solution of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and the 400mL of
Dihydrogen Oxide (H20) of the three types of salt used in this study produced different
voltages either increased or decreased. Table Salt solution produced 3.9 volts, Refined
Salt yielded the highest voltage among the three types of salt in this table which is 4.5
volts. And, Coarse Sea Salt being the lowest which is 3.0 volts.
aside from mainly sodium and chloride. The researchers observed that when salt is mixed
putting 70 grams of table salt into the 400mL solution of water, it can still be thawed
18
properly. The sodium and chloride molecules were pulled by the strong covalent bonds
of Dihydrogen Oxide (H2O) setting it to lose the negative and positive charge of table
salt. The released electric charges from the solution of salt and water floats freely
enabling it to produce higher voltage. The connection between the wires, aluminum rod
and copper plate is also a variable that can affect the flow of electric charge. The
researchers observed that the tighter the connection, the stronger and higher voltage will
be produced.
Table 9: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt and
Water Solution with 80 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to the type
of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen Oxide (H 2O).
The table shows that among the 80 grams of three sodium chloride (NaCl) used in
the study, Table Salt is the type of salt whose voltage is increased to 4.1 volts compared
to the results in table 8. Meanwhile, the voltage produced by Refined Sea Salt dropped to
4.3 volts, and Coarse Sea Salt is stabled in 3 volts. Similar to the evidence presented in
Table Salt contains additives such as sodium fluoride, folic acid, and iodine in the form
of potassium iodide and sodium iodate. These substances allow its particles to move
freely in a solution with water, permitting the Table Salt produced the highest increased
19
voltage in the solution of 400mL of dihydrogen oxide (H2O) and 80 grams of sodium
chloride (NaCl)
Table 10: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt
and Water Solution with 90 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with
respect to the type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of
Dihydrogen Oxide (H2O).
In this table, among the solution of 90g of three different types of Sodium
Chloride (NaCl) and 400mL of Dihydrogen Oxide (H2O), Refined Salt produced the
highest voltage in this treatment which is 4.4 volts. Table Salt decreased its voltage
production to 3.0 volts having the same voltage as Coarse Salt which is still stable at 3.0
volts.
According to Natalie Andrews, saturation is the point where the solute can no
longer be dissolved by the solvent. Unsaturated salt solution is classified when salt
crystals are decreasing in size and eventually dissolving. Meanwhile, saturated solution
where the salt crystals stick together forming smaller crystal particles. Therefore, in this
study the saturation of table salt was reached making it drop from 4.1 volts to 3.0 volts.
When molecules of table salt are hydrated by water, the released ions float into the water.
However, when table salt reached its saturation point, the ions collided again through the
process of recrystallization. Table salt can either produce stable volts but it will slowly
deplete.
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Table 11: Presentation of Treatment for Mixture and Voltage Produced for Salt
and Water Solution with 100 Grams of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with respect to the
type of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) used and the Amount of Dihydrogen Oxide (H 2O).
The table presents the solution of 400mL dihydrogen oxide (H2O) and 100g of
sodium chloride (NaCl) in each type of salt used to perform the study. It can be observed
from the current table that some of the voltages produced is decreased and sustained.
Table Salt remained 3 volts in both table 8 and table 9. However, the voltage of two
other salt decreased. Refined Sea Salt produced 4.2 volts while Coarse Sea Salt yielded
2.2 volts.
Likewise with what is stated in table 10, the solution of salt in water has already
reached its saturation point. Saturation is when the amount of salt poured in water does
not levitate and only goes to the bottom of the solution since it cannot be dissolved any
more by water. Natalie Andrews also stated that there are many factors that affect the
solubility of salt in water including the solution of salt, the temperature of water, and the
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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This part of the study shows the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data
gathered. In this part, the findings about the voltage produced by different types of
sodium chloride (NaCl) such as Table Salt, Refined Sea Salt, and Coarse Sea Salt in 400
ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 17.304 2 8.6520 32.96 5.67845E-08
22
Tukey
simultaneous
comparison t-values
(d.f. = 27)
COARSE SEA SALT TABLE SALT REFINED SEA SALT
2.68 2.98 4.42
COARSE SEA SALT 2.68
TABLE SALT 2.98 1.31
REFINED SEA
SALT 4.42 7.59 6.28
23
< -4.303 4.303 >
t-distribution
P(lowe P(uppe
df = 2 r) r) t
.9750 .0250 4.303
.0250 .9750 -4.303
Ho: There is no significant difference between the different treatments namely, Table
Salt, Refined Sea Salt and Coarse Sea Salt in terms of producing volts through NaCl and
H2O Solution.
Ha: There is a significant difference between the different treatments namely, Table Salt,
Refined Sea Salt and Coarse Sea Salt in terms of producing volts through NaCl and H2O
Solution.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Reject Ho and Accept Ha: Since the P value is less than the significance level which is
which involves Table Salt, Refined Sea Salt and Coarse Sea Salt. The data suggest that
refined sea salt has the highest result in producing voltage with a weighted mean of 4.42
and a standard deviation of 0.123. This suggests that in making NaCl and H2O solution,
one must use a Refined Sea Salt to produce voltage that is greater than or equal to 4.
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
electrons flow in a wire to produce electricity. Salt and water circuit is an alternative
source of electrical energy to help people from the far-flung areas that do not have
25
sufficient and accessible supply of electricity. This kind of circuit can also produce
that can be found in beds of aqueous evaporated minerals that result from the drying up
of enclosed surface of water like the Philippines for being known as an archipelago.
Molecules of Salt (NaCl) contain sodium ions and chlorine ions that have electrical
This study aims to find out if the Solution of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and
light. The experiments were conducted in a plastic container with water, aluminum rod
and copper plate connected by wire, and three types of Salt (NaCl) depending on the
treatment.
Conclusion
The results showed that the amount and kind of salt have a large impact on
producing electrical charges. The researchers observed that the voltage produced by the
solution of salt and water is determined by the type of sodium chloride (NaCl) that is
being used. Based on the results of the different treatments in solution of 400 mL of
26
water and different types of salt used in the study such as Table Salt, Refined Salt, and
Coarse Sea Salt, every salt produced different amounts of volts depending on the amount
of salt in grams. Meanwhile, it derived to an outcome which Refined Salt produced the
highest voltage. Moreover, it is advisable that the connection of copper plate and
aluminum rod to the wires is secured and tightened to have a better flow of electric
Recommendation
The researchers of the study suggest that it is safer to use a circuit made from a
solution of salt (NaCl) and water (H2O) because it is proven that salt and water circuit is
less harmful to humans and more accessible especially to the people who live in far-flung
areas. As a matter of fact, it is less expensive than the source of electricity we have
today, since the two major components of the circuit is only salt and water which
It is also suggested that the future researchers create a more sufficient device of
the circuit. It is advisable that during the investigation of the treatments, future
researchers must make sure that the connection of copper plate and aluminum rod to wire
is secured and tightened. Furthermore, it is also recommended that another study of this
kind be done as a follow-up to validate the results obtained from this study.
27
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
https://ptiu13.wordpress.com/best-works-2/from-previous-grade-levels/ip-
converting-saltwater-into-electricity/
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Andrew, J. (2018). Minerals in Unrefined Salt. Retrieved from
https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/minerals-unrefined-salt-8972.html
Andrews, N. (2018). How Much Water Is Needed To Dissolve Salt? Retrieved from
https://sciencing.com/much-water-needed-dissolve-salt-8755948.html
https://prezi.com/p/ovyrw87737hj/saltwater-circuit/
Balea, J. (2014). The Philippine startup wants to light up poor homes with lamp running
homes-philippines
Beck, K. (2020). What Happens When Salt Is Added to Water? Retrieved from
https://sciencing.com/happens-salt-added-water-5208174.html
https://www.amrita.edu/news/producing-electricity-saltwater
Brownstein, D. (2013). The difference between refined salt and unrefined salt. Retrieved
from https://www.louix.org/the-difference-between-refined-salt-and-unrefined-
salt/
Brownstein, D. (2014). Why Salt Is Good For You and 5 Healthy Ways To Use It.
healthy-ways-to-use-it-2/
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Coppens, T. (2012). How to Make a Salt Water Circuit. Retrieved from
https://hubpages.com/education/How-to-Make-a-Salt-water-Circuit
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-table-salt-604008
of-salt/
Mijeno, A. (2019). Business Talk with Aisa Mijeno, CEO and Co-Founder of SALt.
aisa-mijeno-ceo-and-co-founder-of-salt/
Park, S. e. (2016). Saltwater as the energy source for low-cost, safe rechargable
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303681050_Saltwater_as_the_energy_s
ource_for_low-cost_safe_rechargeable_batteries
Santiago, A. (2017). Kosher vs sea salt: What's the difference? Retrieved from
https://www.littlepotatoes.com/blog/kosher-vs-sea-salt-whats-the-difference/
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APPENDICES
31
Weighting
Measuring
Assembling
32
Testing
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL DATA
33
PARENTS : Mr. and Mrs. Max Hernando
ELEMENTARY
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL DATA
34
PARENTS : Mr. and Mrs. Hadji Jalil Macaraob
ELEMENTARY
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL DATA
35
PARENTS : Mr. and Mrs. Baltazar Reyno
ELEMENTARY
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL DATA
36
PARENTS : Mr. and Mrs. Jason Santos
ELEMENTARY
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL DATA
37
PARENTS : Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Uy
ELEMENTARY
38