MODERN TRENDS

IN CONSTRUCTION Indian Geotechnical

AND VALUE Society Trichy Chapter
ENGINEERING

By: Dr. Anil Joseph

Managing Director
NIT TRICHY
7th & 8th June, 2019
08.06.2019
IS THERE REALLY A CHANGE IN
TREND…..?????
EVOLUTION OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

• Stone construction
Neolithic • Framed Structures – Timber & Stones
Age

• Pyramids (Tallest structures of Ancient world)

Egyptian • Introduced Ramp

• Introduced timber trusses

Greek & • Introduced a crude form of cement
Roman
NEOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION
(10,000 to 2,000 BC)
Note the importance
on the sheer mass of
the structure
 EGYPTIAN CONSTRUCTION
Note the use of
scaffolding
Note the stability of
the structure
EGYPTIAN CONSTRUCTION
Note the
mechanism for
vertical growth
 GREEK & ROMAN
CONSTRUCTION
Framed structures are
introduced Introduced Arches
into construction
 GREEK & ROMAN
CONSTRUCTION
Column Capitols
No beams are used in the are introduced
structure – Flat Slab
construction
 ANCIENT MODERN

Theatre of Marcellus, Rome, Italy -

Cubic House Complex Netherlands
13BC
 ANCIENT MODERN

Dancing Building (Prague, Czech

The Pantheon, Rome, Italy - 118-128AD
Republic)
 ANCIENT MODERN

Basilica of Constantine, Trier, Germany - Circa

The Basket Building (Ohio, United States)
300AD
 ANCIENT MODERN

St. Catherine's Monastery, Sinai The Tbilisi music theatre

Peninsula, Egypt - 565AD
 MATERIALS
ANCIENT MODERN
 MANPOWER SAFETY
ANCIENT MODERN

No gloves, No shoes, Availability of shoes

Gloves & glasses
No costumes Helmets
REVOLUTION IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

• Invention of cement
• Invention of lift
 WHY TO ADOPT A NEW CHANGE…??
•Technology is constantly evolving and rapidly changing the landscape of
many different industries.

•This ranges from increasing the efficiency of day-to-day operations to

manufacturing new and advanced high-tech products.

•Early adapters understand the benefits of embracing new technological

advancements as they look to gain an edge on their competition. In order to
compete, we should look to shift toward technology that can be a strategic long
term asset
TREND SETTING FACTORS
• ECONOMIC POLICIES

• POPULATION

• HUMAN COMFORT

• TECHNOLOGY

• CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

• CULTURAL POLICIES
If we fail to adapt, we
fail to move forward.

- John Wooden
 UPCOMING TRENDS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. Building Information Modeling (BIM) will be used in large-

scale Applications
2. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Will Become
Mainstream
3. Robots May Take Up Mundane Civil Engineering Tasks
4. Modular construction
5. Drones Will Remain a Mainstay
6. Emerging trends in Form Work
 BIM (Building Information Modelling)
• It is an intelligent 3D model-
based process that gives
architecture, engineering, and
construction (AEC) professionals
the insight and tools to more
efficiently plan, design,
construct, and manage buildings
and infrastructure.

24
 Advantages

1. 3D or 4 D 6. Scheduling and project 11. Constructability and

Visualization Management safety plan
2. Collision and Defect 7. Sound and Light 12. Risk and hazard
Correction Analysis identification
3. Time and cost Saving 8. Sustainability 13. Minimization of waste
4. Estimation 9. Off site Construction
5. Communication and 10. Field verification and
collaboration guided layout
The origin of the word augmented is augment, which means to
add or enhance something. In Augmented Reality (also
called AR), graphics, sounds, and touch feedback are added into
our natural world to create an enhanced user experience.
ROBOTICS
DRONES
 Drones in Civil Engineering
1. Investigations of Large or
Inaccessible Sites
2. Topographic Survey and
Other Maps
3. Repetitive Mapping
4. Infrastructure Inspections
5. Ecological Investigations
 MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

Modular construction is a
form of off
site construction in which a
building's components,
or modules, are constructed
in a factory setting before
being transported to site for
assembly.
 MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

Buildings are produced

in “modules” that when put
together on site, reflect the
identical design intent and
specifications of the most
sophisticated site-built
facility – without
compromise.
 ADVANTAGES
1. Greater Flexibility and Reuse
2. Less Material Waste
3. Improved Air Quality
4. Reduced Construction Schedule
5. Elimination of Weather Delays
6. Built to Code with Quality Materials
7. Safer Construction
8. Limitless Design Opportunities
 Don’t be afraid to change.
Because it is leading you to a new
beginning.

-Joice Mayer
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORM WORK
 EMERGING TRENDS IN FORM WORK

• With the explosive growth in high-rise residential

construction, the load-bearing wall (LBW) system is gaining
recognition.

• The walls and slab are poured simultaneously when using the
innovative tunnel form construction method.

• Since the forms are stripped in 24 hours, the daily cycle

meets the demand of fast-track construction for repetitive cell
layouts, synonymous with many hotel and condominium
projects.
Typical Finish with Form
Liner

Typical circular Form

Typical Adjustable Tunnel Typical Adjustable Circular
Form Tunnel Form
 EMERGING TRENDS IN CONCRETE
TECHNOLOGY
1. High Strength / High performance Concrete ( HSC/ HPC)
2. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)
3. Fiber Reinforced concrete (FRC)
4. Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC)
5. High Volume Flyash Concrete (HVFC)
6. Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)
7. Self Healing Concrete / Bacterial Concrete
 SELF HEALING CONCRETE / BACTERIAL CONCRETE

•Self-healing concrete also known as Bio-Concrete can be

produced by adding bacteria in concrete along with its nutrient
to keep it alive for production of calcite to fill crack after
precipitation.

•Bacteria was added in concrete along with calcium lactate to

repair cracks.

•The focus is not only to keep bacteria alive but also to generate
much calcite to fill the cracks.
 VALUE
ENGINEERING
46
 VALUE ENGINEERING
• Value Engineering (VE) is a
structured and analytical process
that seeks to achieve value for
money by providing all necessary
functions at the lowest cost
consistent with required levels of
quality and performance.
 HOW VE STARTS
• VE is based on a methodology
developed by Lawrence Miles, who
worked for the General Electric
Company in the USA
• Value Engineering began with a
creative, team-based approach
which allowed the generation of
alternatives to the existing solution.

48
The value of a function is defined as
the relationship of cost to
performance

Valuemax = Performancemax / Costmin

49
 FEATURES OF VE
• Using many widely accepted
analysis concepts and
techniques
• Systematic process following
job plan
• Providing the needed functions
safely, reliably, efficiently, and
at the lowest overall cost
51
PROCEDURE
CASE STUDIES OF VALUE ENGINEERING

1. LULU CYBER TOWER

2. PRESTIGE FORUM MALL

3. LULU GRANT HYATH

LULU CYBER TOWER 2 KAKKANAD,KOCHI
CLIENT : LULU GROUP
VALUE ENGINEERING CONSULTANT : GEOSTRUCTURALS (P) LTD

• LULU CYBER TOWER 2 - IT park for

• Service floor – 2.9 m
LULU
• LOCATION – Kakkanad, Kochi • Ground to 6th floor – 3.15m

• PLAN DIM. – 104.8X64.5 sqm (approx.) • 7th floor – 3.6m

• 8th to 19th – 4.05m

• Consists of G+19+Terrace
• Total height of building from ground
• Before Lulu Group took over piles were level to terrace – 75m
executed by L & T, with basement proposal and
cutoff at 4.5m below GL Prestressed flat slabs
with peripheral beams and columns 55
construction
Initial Proposal of Construction:
It was decided to go for
• Piled Raft foundation as piles casted were
terminated at 4.5m from ground level
• Basement floor was avoided and over the raft area
filling was planned upto ground floor level in most
areas and with service tanks in remaining areas.

56
Initial Proposal of Construction:

It was decided to go for

• Planned to have retaining walls in the periphery and
raising the columns upto ground floor level and
compacted red earth filling is to be done
• Over the fill, a grade slab was proposed at ground
floor level
57
 INITIAL PROPOSAL OF SYSTEM WITH RED
EARTH FILLING IN BASEMENT
Size of the building :

• Area of one floor = 104.8m x 64.5m = 6759.6m2

• Tank area = 39m x 35.89m = 1400 m2
• Balance area = 6759.6 - 1400 = 5359.6m2

58
 Load calculation with filling
• Weight of filling = 29500 t
• Weight of ground floor slab = 2535 t
• Live load = 2027.8 t
• S.I.D.L. (Floor finish & services) = 1824 t
• Weight of glazing = 101.5t
• Total weight = 35,989 t

59
60
PROPOSAL FOR STRUCTURAL SLAB AT
GROUND FLOOR

• Thickness of structural slab is

taken considering the thickness
of both PT slabs and column
drop.
• Average Thickness is taken as
350mm.
61
 Load calculation with Structural slab
Volume of structural slab of one floor = 2365.86 m3
Weight of structural slab of one floor = 5914 t
Live Load = 2703.8 t
S.I.D.L. (Floor Finish & Services) = 1824 t
Partition Load = 675 t
Weight of glazing = 101.5t
Total weight considering structural slab =11,221 t
 WEIGHT COMPARISON
If we remove the fill and provide additional office floors,
number of additional floors that can be obtained
= 35989/ 11221 = 3.2 floors of office area
• Even if the basement is left as such, then without fill we can construct
2 additional floors

• The Saving in weight = 35989-11221= 24768t

• (Effectively a saving of 55 Piles of 1000mm diameter)

63
EFFECTIVE USE OF BASEMENT
FLOOR FOR PARKING

Basement floor can be utilized

for car parking
64
Area for 1 car parking ( i.e parking & movement)
= 30.25 m2
No. of car parking = Total available area /area of one car
parking
= 5359.6m2 / 30.25m2 = 177 Nos.

“Additional 150 car parkings can be obtained”!!

65
 COST OF CONSTRUCTION WHEN
FILLING PROVIDED AND WHEN NOT
PROVIDED
 Cost is compared when
Filling in basement floor and nominal slab above the filling
is provided
Structural slab provided at ground floor and basement floor
for car parking without filling

66
When structural slab is provided:
Cost of ground floor structural slab= 6759.6m2 x 0.35 m x Rs.20,000/m3
= Rs. 4,73,17,200/-
When filling considered :
Nominal
Area (m2) Cost/m3 Total (Rs/-)
Filling Slab above Volume(m3)
(Rs/-)
filling
5359.6 2.75 - 14738.6 1500 2,21,08,350

6759.6 - 15 cm 1013.94 15000 1,52,09,100

Cost of filling + Cost of nominal slab = Rs. 3,73,17,450/-

Additional cost of construction = 4,73,17,200 - 3,73,17,450
67
= Rs. 99,99,750/-
ROLE OF VALUE
ENGINEERING
COMES HERE

68
 VALUE ENGINEERING IN OUR PROJECT

When filling considered :

Total weight = Weight of filling + Weight of GF nominal slab
= 35,989 T
When structural floor considered :
Weight of one structural floor = 11221 T
Difference in weights = 35,989 – 11221 = 24,768 T
Therefore the extra no. of structural floors that can be obtained
= 24,768 / 11221 = 2.2~2 Nos.
69
Income from one floor considering rent of
Rs.40/sq ft per month
= Effective area of one floor x 40
= 6759.6 x 10.76 x 40
= Rs.29,09,331/-

“Extra income@ 1
floor”
70
 Continued . . . .
Therefore,
When 2 floors considered ,total additional income
per month
= 2 x 29,09,331
= Rs.58,18,663/-

71
 “GEOSTRUCTURALS modification”
Incorporating value engineering into the project,
 Even if the initial cost of construction will be high,
considering the long run it will be compensated within a
very short time
 Additional 2 floors and basement can be added by replacing
equivalent weight of the filling and time saving and
sustainability by avoiding the red earth fill.
 Additional substantial income in the long run from the
additional floors by utilizing them for office spaces.
72
 Continued . . . .
 Annual income from 2 extra office floors
= Rs 6,98,23,964/-
 Basement floor can be used for parking for 150 extra
vehicles

73
PRESTIGE FORUM MALL
MASTER PLAN
CITYSCAPE APARTMENTS
LOADING DATA – TYPICAL FLOOR

LL-2KN/M²
FF-1KN/M²
FL-1.8KN/M²

LL-3KN/M²
FF-1KN/M²

LL-2KN/M²
FF-1KN/M²

A A

ELE
CITYSCAPE APARTMENT

A A
CITYSCAPE : 3D
CITYSCAPE : LG FLOOR
CITYSCAPE : TYPICAL FLOOR
 LOADING DIAGRAM – TYPICAL FLOOR
ELE

LL-2KN/M²
FF-1KN/M²
FL-1.8KN/M²

LL-3KN/M²
FF-1KN/M²

C C

LL-2KN/M²
FF-1KN/M²
 MASTER PILE LAYOUT
ARRIVAL OF PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL
11) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR TRENCH SUPPORTING PILE = 91.975M
1) FOR HYPER MARKET & RETAIL PARKING
PILE CUTOFF LEVEL = 93.275M
R00 R01 R02 R03 R04 R05 R06 R07 R08 R09 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20
PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS

7800 5000 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800 10800

NEW PILE SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP6 SP7

12) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR CITYSCAPE & PANORAMA =93.075M

FOR CITYSCAPE & PANORAMA

= 750 DIA (388 NOS. PILE) SP8 SP9

SP11 SP12 SP13

SP14
FOR HYPER MARKET

SP10

PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS

= 900 DIA (517 NOS. PILE) SP18 SP19

SP15 SP16 SP17

13) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR CITYSCAPE & PANORAMA =93.575M

PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
1 2 5 FOR CITYSCAPE & PANORAMA
RM

= 1000 DIA (211 NOS. PILE) 8B 8 RP101

RP102 RP103 RP104
RP105
2) FOR HYPER MARKET & RETAIL PARKING

5400
2A PILE CUTOFF LEVEL = 93.0M
RP100
8A
3 4 4A 9
RL FOR HYPER MARKET
5A 9B RP99 PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
9A RP94 RP95 RP96 RP97
RP93 RP98
RP92

14) HATCHED PORTION PILES = 91.775M

16B

10800
LIFT PILE CUTOFF LEVEL LIFT PILE CUTOFF LEVEL
14A 10 = 92.075 FOR HATCHED PORTION
LIFT PILE CUTOFF LEVEL = 92.075
PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
= 92.075

10A

11 12 13 26 3) FOR TRAVLATOR PILE CUTOFF LEVEL = 92.675M

14B 14 360 24 30 31
19
356 26A RK FOR TRAVLATOR PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
357 29
16 22
25
16A
15) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR RETAINING WALL PILE :-

32 25A
362 359

10800
361
PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS FOR HYPER MARKET RETAINING WALL

44A 25B
4) FOR HYPER MARKET & RETAIL PARKING LIFT
PILE CUTOFF LEVEL = 92.075M
40 53 54 55 56 56A
36 38 39 41 43 44 50 51
37 42 45 46
47 49
53A
RJ
RP6 RP7 RP8 RP9 52 FOR LIFT
RP5 PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS

RP10
16) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR RETAINING WALL PILE :-
44B
RP1 RP2 RP3

10800
58A 53B
PC1 PC2 LIFT PILE CUTOFF LEVEL
PC3 PC4 RP11 =92.075 PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS FOR HYPER MARKET RETAINING WALL

197
R1 59 60 61 62 63 5) FOR HVAC PLANT ROOM PILE CUTOFF LEVEL = 93.575M
64 65 66 70 72 73 74 75
RP13 RP4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8 RP12 67 68 71
88A 76
RH
200 FOR HVAC PLANT ROOM

4550
PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS

68A 17) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL (SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT-MALL )

PC14 PC15
RG = 93.225M
RP15 RP14 PC13
PC10 PC11 PC12

4450
PC9
77 78 79 80 81 PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
R2 201 82 83 84 110A
88 108A 92 93 94
109A 95 RF 18) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL (SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
RP16 6) FOR HVAC PLANT ROOM PILE CUTOFF LEVEL = 93.275M -RESIDENTIAL BLOCK )
A) RU1,RU2,RU4,RU5 = 94.825M
PC16 PC17
TRAVLATOR PIT FOR HVAC PLANT ROOM
RETAIL PARKING PILE CUTOFF LEVEL PILE SUPPORTING TRAVLATOR PIT

9000
PC18 PC19 HYPER MARKET PILE CUTOFF LEVEL
R3 =93.275M
RP17 =93.275M
CUTOFF LVL
B) RESIDENTIAL U.G PUMP ROOM = 94.225M
=92.675M
100
PC20 96 97 98 99 107 108 109 110 111 95A
202 101
102 93A 94A RE
RP18 PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
103
PC21 PC22 R4 C) PUMP ROOM COLLECTION SUMP = 93.225M

4450
FOR HATCHED PORTION 96A 7) FOR STAFF CANTEEN PILE CUTOFF LEVEL =92.525M
=91.775M
TRAVLATOR PIT

RP19 RD
PC23
FOR STAFF CANTEEN
D) RESIDENTIAL STP PUMP ROOM = 93.225M

4550
PC24 112A
PC25 123 124 125 127 129 129A
112 113 114 115 116 117 126
203 128
120 121
RC
118 119
122 MALL U.G SUMP ROOM
PC26 R5
RP20 RP21
PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
PC27 PC28
RETAIL PARKING PILE CUTOFF LEVEL

10800
8) FOR STAFF CANTEEN PILE CUTOFF LEVEL =92.225M
RP22 = 93.0M LIFT PILE CUTOFF LEVEL
=92.075 A) FIRE WATER SUMP= 94.825M
FOR STAFF CANTEEN
PC29
PC30
204 130 134
RP23 142 147
PC31 140 141 143 144 146 148
132 138 139
131 133 136 B) RAFT TOP WATER SUMP= 92.875M
137 149 RB
PC32 150A 137A
PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
RP24 131A
9) FOR RAMP PILE CUTOFF LEVEL WILL BE AS PER C) FIRE WATER SUMP= 93.225M

10800
172B LIFT PILE CUTOFF LEVEL RAMP SLOPE PROFILE
132A 136B 168A 172A = 92.075
R6 160B
136A 167A 157A
178A
205 10) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR TRENCH SUPPORTING PILE
PC33 PC34 160
RP25
FOR HATCHED PORTION =93.275M
=91.775M
160A 19) PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR C56A = 99.575M
164 166 174 175 179
R7 162A PILE CAP CUTOFF LEVEL CALCULATIONS
167 173
177 181 RA
167B 168
PC35 162 163 169 177A
170
PC37 172
RP26 PC36
174A
331A
PC38 332A PILE CUTOFF LEVEL FOR TRENCH SUPPORTING PILE R4 29.01.15 GOOD FOR CONSTRUCTION
=92.70-0.4+0.075= 92.375M
331B R3 21-01-14 GOOD FOR CONSTRUCTION
RAMP IN FILLING
R8
RP27 331 R2 05-12-13 GOOD FOR CONSTRUCTION
PC40 206 333 334 335
RP45 208
PC39
PC42 209 210
211 212 213 214 R1 18.06.13 GOOD FOR CONSTRUCTION
R14 R15
PC41
207
RP41 RP42 RP43 RP44 RP88 RP89 RP90 RP91
R0 18.9.12 PILE LAYOUT
SP21 SP24
R9 SP22 SP23
RP28 SP20 R16 R17 RP39 RP40 215
SP25 SP26
RP46
SP30 SP27
SP28 216 217 218 219 220
SP29 SP32 SP33
SP44 HVAC PILE CUTOFF LEVEL STAFF CANTEEN PILE CUTOFF LEVEL
RP33 PC43 PC44 PC45 PC46 R11 SP34
SP36

PILE LAYOUT
RP29 = 93.575M = 92.525M
SP37 SP38 SP40 SP45
R10 SP35 SP42 SP46
SP47
PC47 PC48 SP39 SP41 SP43
R12 SP48

(MASTER PLAN)
PC49 PC50 RP47
SP50 SP51
RP30 RP31 RP32
SP56 SP57 SP58 SP59 SP60
R13 SP49 SP52 SP53 SP54 SP55

RP34 RP49 RP48 R18 R19 R20 R23 R24 R25 RP85 RP86 RP87
RP35 RP36 RP37 RP38
SP66A
SP61 SP62 R21 KEY PLAN
R22

SP63 SP65 RP50 PC51

PC52 PC53 PC54
SP64
RP84 CLIENT :-
PC55
SP66

SP67 SP68 SP69

RP51
PC57
PC56
RP83

78
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT :-
360 93A
331B RP52
16 138
68 FOR HATCHED PORTION
16A 137A 357 PC58 = 91.775M

PC59 RP82
131A
359 RP53 PHE & FIRE CONSULTANT :-
361 150A

167A 168A 96
331
EXISTING PILE NEW PILE
PC60 PC61
RP54

160A SERVICE CONSULTANT :-

197 134 4A = 1000 DIA PILE = 1000 DIA PILE

14B 14
173
47 RP55
5A

= 900 DIA PILE = 900 DIA PILE ARCHITECT :-

PC62 PC63
PC64

163 RP56
110 PC65
77 40
10 RP80 = 750 DIA PILE = 750 DIA PILE
88A
112 RP81
25
10A RP57
32
PC66 PC67 PC68 PC69
PC70
32A 14A 14 RP79

RP58
93 172A 172B
5
130
216
RP78

PC71 PC72 PC73

RP59 PC74

PC75
RP67 RP71
RP77
RP68 RP69 RP70

RP60 RP61 RP62 RP63 RP64 RP65 RP66

PROJECT

RP76
RP72

RP73 RP74 RP75

PARTICULARS
PILE LAYOUT
(MASTER PLAN)

8025/1/R4
 PREVIOUSLY PROPOSED PLAN
PROVIDED PILES: CITYSCAPE
R21
R22

RP50 PC51
PC52 PC53 PC54
RP84
PC55

RP51
PC57
PC56
RP83

RP52

FOR HATCHED PORTION

PC58 = 91.775M

PC59 RP82

RP53

PC60 PC61
RP54

RP55

PC62 PC63
PC64
RP56
PC65

RP80

RP81
RP57

PC66 PC67 PC68 PC69

PC70
RP79

RP58

RP78

PC71 PC72 PC73

RP59 PC74

PC75
RP67 RP71
RP77
RP68 RP69 RP70

RP60 RP61 RP62 RP63 RP64 RP65 RP66

RP76
RP72

RP73 RP74 RP75

 PROPOSED PILES: GEO STRUCTURALS
CITYSCAPE
 



 



 
 


 








 


 
 

  

 





 
  

 

 


 
 
 






 

2750 6350 4250 4050 3700 7782 5074 7344 10800 7165 6935 5960 4515

P70 P70 P70

P70 P70 P70 P70 P70 P70 P70 P70

1700
2P70 2P90
2P70 PILE SCHEDULE FOR INFORMATION ONLY
4475

2P70 PILE DIA. SHAPE NOS

6025
3300

3300
2P70
P70 700Ø 58
P70

250350

350
2P80

250
1100 1150 1250
2P70 2P70 P90 900Ø

1100 1150 1250

P70 17
2P100
5000

P90
2P100 2P90 2P70
2P80 2P90 2P70 38 x 2 = 76
P90 700Ø

6025
3P80A 2P80 1750
P70 500 500
3P90A
2250

2250
2P80
2P100 2P80 800Ø 13 x 2 = 26
2P70
5000

550 2000 550

1200 1000 600 650 1150 700 700 800 1300

1600 400 1200 1000 400600 650 1150 700 500700 500 800 1300
2P90 2P100 P70
3P90
16 x 2 = 32
500 500

3P80 2P90 900Ø

2P100
2P70 2P70 600 2250 600
P70 2P80

6025
2P90
2P70
2P70 2P100 100Ø 11 x 2 = 22
3P100A 2P80
3P80A
5000

3P70 2P70
650 2500 650
2P70
P90 3P70 PRESTIGE FORUM MALL,KOCHI
400

700Ø

17
50
P70 P70 3x3=9 CITYSCAPE

50
P70

17
3P70 2P70 2P70 2P80 2P70 2P70

3680
P70 1750

2P90 2P90
400

2P70
5000

3P70A
1600

P70 P70 3P80A 800Ø 3x3=9 PRESTIGE GROUP

1200 700 1150 650 7003001000

1150 650 7003001000

3680
2P90 2P90 2P90
2P70 2P70
P70 3P80A
P90 8-P90 P70 800Ø
P70 2x3=6
2P70 550 2000 2000 550
2P70 2P100 2P70
5000

2P70

1200 700

3680
3P70 2P70 RSP DESIGN CONSULTANTS(P)LTD
2P70
500

500
P70 P70 3P90 900Ø 2x3=6
2P70
1300 800

1300 800
2P70
P70
2P70 2P80
2P80 2P100 GEO STRUCTURALS (P) Ltd

3680
2P80
Geo technical & structural consultants
5000

2P90 2x3=6 Pullepady, Cochin - 18

2252

2252

2252
2P100 3P80 3P90A
3P90 900Ø Phone: 2367824, 2368327 , Fax :2371643
P70 P70 600 2250 2250 600
2P70 E-mail : geostructurals@gmail.com
1250 1150 1098

1250 1150 1098

3680
P70 P90 2P100
2P90
2P80 01

3P100A 100Ø 1x3=3

2P80 650 2500 2500 650
3P80A
350250

350250
2P90 P70
5000

P70
2P80 2P70
2P100 2P70 3P90A 2P90 1. This drawing should be read along with our general Notes,
2P90 2P100 Notes in this drawing, Architectural Drawings &
Specifications.
3300

3300

6350
P70 2. All dimensions should be checked by the architect and any
discrepancy found should be brought to our notice before
1x8=8 execution.
8P90 900Ø 3. All dimensions are in mm unless otherwise specified.
1700

1700

1700
2P70 2P70
5000

P90 4. Dimensions shall not be measured directly from this drawing,

P70 P70 follow only written dimensions.
P90 P90 P90 P90 P70 5. Do not duplicate any part of this drawing without our written
2P90 2P70 permission
2P70 6. Grade of concrete for piles should be M30 with minimum
P70 8-P90
cement content of 400 kg/m³

5000
7. The pile should be taken into pile cap by 75mm.
TOTAL 278 8. To ensure building up of pile upto the required level with good
150 150
1550 1500 2750 1300 2600 1050 1900 250 1850 950 1150 750 900 1900 1950 1700 4450 5250 3850 1100 concrete, pile has to be built up initially to a length more than
5000

2800 1700
that is required and this is to be cut off to remove all laitance
layer of concrete at its top.
P70 9. Initial load test on test piles and Routine Load Tests on working
piles should be carried out as per I.S 2911 (part IV)-- 1985.
7800 11700 7285 7565 5056 9000 4744 10. Clear cover to reinforcement a).Pile - 50mm.
P70 P90 P90 P90 11. Grade of steel shall be Fe500.

5000
P90 P90 P90 P90
2609

2609
12. Lap length is 55d, Where 'd' is the Diameter of bar.
13. Building is designed for B+LGF +UGF+18 Floors only
5000

P70
P70
P70
P70 P70 P70 FOR EXECUTION PURPOSE FOLLOW ONLY THE DRAWINGS
3509 4750 4750 3509 APPROVED & SIGNED BY THE STRUCTURAL CONSULTANT.
P70 P70 P70 P70 P70 P70
P70 4969 5000 5000 5000 4473 3832

A A
LAYOUT OF PILES

P70 ELE

NISHA JACOB THOMAS

P70
4840
SCALE
SCALE 2
PETER/VISHNU BINDU .K.C
P70 P70 P70
4750 10550 5275
BINDU SUNIL ANIL JOSEPH

SD/02 05-08-14 13.03.2015 2326/ GS / 2015

1000

8mmØ@180mmc/c
SPACER
12mmØ@1500mmc/c
 COST COMPARISON
SAVINGS
PROPOSED GEO
(RS)
NO OF
PILE 330 278
PILE 95644800 74518080 21126720
PILE CAP 53895290 16269110 37626180
TOTAL 149540090 90787190 58752900
TOTAL SAVINGS IN % 39.29%
 GEOSTRUCTURALS MODIFICATION
• Instead of piled raft system planned, the new proposal of
individual pile caps under each column connected by grade
beams and slabs.
• Rs. 5,87,00000/- saved per tower.
• So, total about 11 crore rupees
where saved by value engineering.

88
 Architect : JURONG CONSULTANTS/ WATG
 Structural Consultants: JURONG CONSULTANTS/
Geostructurals Pvt Ltd
 First Seven Star Hotel in Kerala
 Area : About 8 lac 90 thousand sq. ft.
 Resting on Reclaimed Land
1.Entire Dome area : 1.20m soil
fill (For Trees and Landscaping)

2.Initial Estimated cost of Pile

Foundation 92crores
1.Entire Podium Area :Only 0.3m
fill of light weight material
with geosynthetics

Trees and Landscaping

provision at specified location
as per detailed drawings
2. Introducing light weight
Porotherm blocks
3. Prestressed Slabs and Beams In
Transfer Gird floor
 4.Mezzanine Floor
Eliminating the slab panels from Mezzanine level above transformer
room.
5.Upper Ground Floor
Eliminating one slab from non critical areas like parking and raising
the slab to higher level.
1910 Sq. m sacrificial shuttering is eliminated as there is single slab
6.Typical Floor
Reduction of slab thickness by 10mm and 10mm reduction in
screed for all Hotel Tower Typical floors.
7.Terrace Floor
Reduction of landscape filling from terrace floor

8. Upper Ground Floor

 Many 150mm thick. walls adopted for supporting the second slab
are eliminated as the UGF slab is raised.
 As we are avoiding 150mm walls, the cost for the wall shuttering
can be saved.
Piling cost reduced to 69 Crores

23 crores
Saving