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Amorphous Solids
The Seven Crystal System
Classification of Crystalline
Solids
Defects in Crystals
Types of defects in Crystals
Packing of Constituent Particles
in Crystals
Calculation of Number of
Particles per Unit Cell of a Cubic
Crystal System
Calculation of Density of a Cubic
Crystal from its Edge Length
Dielectric Properties of Solids
Properties of Solids - Electrical
fig 2.24 Properties
Efficiency of packing in hcp and
Main features ccp structures

It has a face centred arrangement (or CCP). Cl - ions occupy the corners and face centers, Na + Ionic Radius
occupy body centre and edge centers. Magnetic Properties of Solids
Non-stoichiometric Defects
Each Na + is surrounded by six Cl - and each Cl - is surrounded by 6 Na +. Therefore it has 6:6 Numericals
coordination.
Derivation of the Relationship
Number of NaCl Units per unit cell. Between Radius r of the
Octahedral Void and the Radius
Cl R of the Atoms in the Close
Packing
-
ions
Structures of Oxides of Iron
Examples of Some Substances
Having Close Packed Structures
Piezoelectricity
Radius Ratio Rules

Total number of Cl - ions = 4

Explore Related Concepts
Na
Naming of Simple Compounds
+
ions
Simple and Compound Leaves
Simple distillation
Features of Nitro Compounds
List of chemical compounds
One at the body center contributes fully = 1 x 1 = 1
SENTENCE STRUCTURE TYPE
Total Number of Na + = 3+1=4
Structure and classification of
Therefore total NaCl units in one unit cell = 4 lipids
Compounds of Boron
Other examples of NaCl structure

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Rules for Naming Co-ordination

Halides of alkali metals (except caesium) and that of ammonium Compounds
Properties of Electrovalent and
Oxides and sulphides of alkaline earth metals (except BeS) Covalent Compounds
Halides of silver (except silver iodide).

Caesium Chloride (CsCl) Type of Structure

fig 2.25

fig 2.26 - Structure of CsCl

Main features
It has body centred cubic (bcc) arrangement, with Cs+ at the center and Cl - at the corners.

Each Cs+ ion is surrounded by 8 Cl - ions and each Cl - ions is surrounded by 8 Cs+ ions. Therefore
the crystal has 8:8 co-ordination.

It has one CsCl per unit cell because,

Atoms at the centre contribute fully i.e.,1.

Other examples : CsBr, CsI, CsCN, TiCl, TiBr, TiCN etc.

Zinc Blende (ZnS) Structure

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fig 2.27 - ZnS structure

Main features
Arrangement is F.C.C. (or C.C.P) S 2- ions are present at the corners and face centers.

Zn 2+ ions are present in alternate tetrahedral voids.

Each Zn 2+ ion is surrounded tetrahedrally by S -2 ions each and S -2 ion is surrounded tetrahedrally
by Zn 2+ ions. Therefore this structure has 4:4 coordination.

Number of S 2- ions per unit cell 8 at corners contributed

6 at the face centre contribute

Total number of S -2 per unit cell = 4.

Since Zn 2+ ions occupy half the tetrahedral sites, the number of Zn 2+ ions per unit cell will be 4.
Total number of ZnS per unit cell = 4.
Other examples : CuCl, CuBr, CuI, AgI, BeS.

Fluorite Structure (CaF2)

fig 2.28 - CaF2 structure

Main features
Each Ca 2+ ion is present at the corners and the face centers (F.C.C. or C.C.P.).

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F - ions are present in all the tetrahedral voids.

Each Ca 2+ is surrounded by 8F - where as each F - is surrounded by 4Ca 2+ so it has 8:4 co-

ordination.

Number of Ca 2+ per unit cell is 4. Number of F - is 8 (because all the tetrahedral voids are occupied
by F - ions). Therefore 4CaF 2 units per unit cell.

Other examples of fluorite structure: BaF 2 , BaCl 2 , SrF 2 , SrCl 2 .

Antifluorite Structure (Na2O)

Main features
Each O 2- ions constitute F.C.C. or C.C.P. Na + ions occupy all the tetrahedral sites.

Each O 2- is surrounded by 8 Na + ions.

Each Na + by four O 2- ions. Na 2 O has 4:8 co-ordination. Number of Na 2 O per unit cell is 4.

Summary of Main Characteristics of Ionic Solids

 Co-ordination  Number of formula units
 Crystal structure  Examples
number per unit cell

 Rock Salt (NaCl)  Halides of Li, Na, K, Rb, AgF,   Na + = 6

 4
Type AgBr Cl - = 6

 Caesium Chloride  Cs + = 8

 CsCl, CsBr, CsI, TiCl, TiBr, Til  1
type Cl - = 8

 Zinc Chloride type  Zn + 2 = 4

 CuCl, CuBr, CuI, AgI  4
(ZnS) S2-=4

 Fluorite (CaF2 )  BaF 2 , BaCl 2 , SrF 2 , SrC1 2 ,  Ca 2 + = 8

 4
Type CaF2 , PbF 2 F-=4

 Anti Fluorite
 Na 2 O  Na + = 4
 4
(Na 2 O) type
O2 - = 8

Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Crystal Structure

At ordinary temperatures and pressures, chlorides, bromides and iodides of lithium, sodium and rubidium
and some halides of silver possess the NaCl structure with 6:6 co-ordination.
On application of high pressure they transform to the CsCl structure with 8:8 co-ordination.
On the other hand CsCl on heating transforms to the NaCl structure with 6:6 co-ordination.

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