Name: Respiration Worksheet Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food ©The food involved in respiration is usually. Internal respiration is controlled by which allow energy to be released in The energy is trapped in molecules called — Types of Respiration * Aerobic Respiration — the release of energy fiom food in the of oxygen © Anaerobic Respiration The release of energy from food the presence of oxygen | Aerobic Respiration Most living things get energy from aerobic respiration and are called © The energy stored in in glucose is released and used to make ©) When ATP breaks down it for all the reactions in a cell such} as movement of muscles, growth of new cells, etc. Equation for Aerobic Respiration + > + + > + + © Aerobic respiration is relatively make ATP 40% of the eneray in glucose is used to © Any energy not used to produce ATP is Page 1 of 6Name: Aerobic Respiration occurs in 2 stages Stage 1 Stage 1 Glycolysis Takes place in the (the cytoplasm without the organelles) as enzymes are found here Does not require It only releases of energy Is the same for both and respiration Stage 1 Glycolysis A 6 carbon carbohydrate (Glucose) is converted to with the release of a small amount of energy Most of the energy in the glucose molecule remains in each 3-carbon molecule| Stage 2 This stage requires and uses Itreleases a of ener It occurs in the as the necessary enzymes are found here The 3-carbon molecules are broken down to and Stage 2 The breakdown of the 3-carbon molecules releases a lot of, There is, energy left in Carbon Dioxide and Water Page 2 of 6Name: Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration can occur in the presence of but it In anaerobic respiration Glycolysis occurs - this means glucose is broken into two 3-carbon molecules eA of energy is released this way Anaerobic Respiration ©) There are of anaerobic respiration where the 3-carbon molecules are converted to different substances but all of ener © Anaerobic respiration is said to be than aerobic respiration as less energy is released Fermentation Anaerobie Respiration is also known as © 2iypes of fermentation 1 Fermentation 2. Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation This occurs in some and and in animal when there is not enough oxygen * In this fermentation is produced © Glucose > 2 + small amount of energy Examples of Lactic Acid Fermentation * Lactic acid forms when bacteria cause togo When bacteria respire on cabbage to form * Ih production and on production Page 3 of 6Name: Lactic Acid Fermentation in Muscles * When we exercise and get out of breath not enough can reach our muscles and respiration takes place in the musele © This forms which causes , When we rest the lactic acid is broken down by the X / Alcohol Fermentation © Takes place in and some fingi such as and in plants when they are deprived of Involves the of glucose * Glucose > 2 + small amount energy I Ss Alcohol Fermentation © The ethanol itself is high energy * Alcohol fermentation has been used for centuries ‘© In baking, yeast is used for alcohol fermentation, the evaporates but the carbon dioxide causes the © Baking powder is used instead of yeast in Industrial Fermentation * Biotechnology refers to the use of (such as micro organisms and enzymes) to carry our * In fermentation the micro organisms are placed in a container with a suitable on which they ean The vessel in which biological reactions can take place is called a Page 4 of 6Name: A fermentation bioreactor >) * When the micro organisms are mixed with the substrate may be formed so a foam breaker is used © Oxygenis in through a sparger (sparge = 1. To spray or sprinkle. 2. To introduce air or gas into (a liquid).) . and of product depend on the quality of the micto organism and substrate, the of the bioreactor, a correct rate of mixing, a correct and and elimination of mnicro organisms Micro organisms used bioprocessing © New mols are being produced by engineering * In general bacteria and fimai (especially yeast strains) © Bacteria can be used to make and . can be used to make Beer and wine, for and single cell protein manufacture © Fungi can produce and Bioprocessing with Immobilised cells * To ensure the microorganisms used in a bioreactor are not at the end of every they are offen or * The microorganisms can be immobilised by bonding them to bonding, them to an or suspending them in a or a Uses of Immobilised Cells/Microorganisms © Inthe treatment of bacteria and fimgi may be attached to and and then decompose the waste * In the production of aleohol yeast cells are immobilised with Page 5 of 6Name: Advantages of Immobilised Cells Lnmobilisation is gentle it does Immobilised cells can be easily * Lmmobilised cells for filtration at the end of bioprocessing * _Immobilised cells ean be , Teducing costs Uses of Immobilised Cells * Immobilised cells are becoming more popular than immobilised enzymes as it isolating and purifying enzymes, which is an expensive process Differences between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration ‘Aerobie ‘Anaerobic (Cytoplasm and Lumen and [Location Cristae of mitochondria xygen Does not use O2 [Requirements Ethanol + CO; End Products or Lactic acid Tots of energy Energy Produced (38 ATP) Syllabus Can You? ... © Define the term: aerobic respiration. Explain the role of aerobie respiration — what does it do for organisms? * Express aerobie respiration by a balanced equation. © State the nature of respiration from syllabus — what stages are involved, where do these take place, what happens? * Define the term: anaerobie respiration. * Express anaerobic respiration by a balanced equation * State the nature and role of fermentation. * State the cellular location of the first & second stage ¢ Explain the role of micro organisms in fermentation. Explain the role of micro organisms including bioprocessing and Bioreactors END Page 6 of 6