Saturn V Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report - AS-506 Apollo 11 Mission

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SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE
FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT-AS-506
APOLLO !1 MISSION
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PREPARED BY "'_,,'-// - C "%"_

SATURN FLIGHT EVALUATION WORKING GR_h _ )_.'}:"_
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
_C - Form 774 (Rev October 1967)

GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
MPR-SAT-FE-69- 9
SATURNV LAUNCH VEHI CLE

FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT-AS-.506
APOLLO 11 MI SSION
PREPARED BY
SATURN FLIGHT EVALUATION WORKING GROUP
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AS-506 LAUNCH VEHICLE

MPR-SAT-FE-69-9
SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT - AS-506
APOLLO II MISSION
BY
Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
ABSTRACT
Saturn V AS-506 (Apollo II Mission) was launched at 09:32:00 Eastern

Daylight Time on July 16, 1969, from Kennedy Space Center, Complex 39,
Pad A. The vehicle lifted off on schedule on a launch azimuth of 90
degrees east of north and rolled to a flight azimuth of 72.058 degrees
east of north.
The launch vehicle successfully placed the manned spacecraft in the

planned translunar injection coast mode. The S-IVB/IU was placed in a
solar orbit with a period of 342 days by a combination of continuous
LH2 vent, a LOX dump and APS ullage burn.
The Principal and Secondary Detailed Objectives of this mission

were completely accomplished. No failures, anomalies, or deviations
occurred that seriously affected the flight or mission.
Any questions or comments pertaining to the information contained in

this report are invited and should be directed to:
Director, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center

Huntsville, Alabama 35812
Attention: Chairman, Saturn Flight Evaluation Working
Group, S&E-CSE-LE (Phone 453-2575)
TABLEOF CONTENTS
Section Page
TABLEOF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xi
LIST OF TABLES xvi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT xix
ABBREVIATIONS XX
MISSION PLAN xxiii
FLIGHT TEST SUMMARY XXV
INTRODUCTION
I.I Purpose
1.2 Scope
EVENTTIMES
2.1 Summaryof Events 2-I
2.2 Variable Time and CommandedSwitch

Selector Events 2-2
LAUNCHOPERATIONS
3.1 Summary 3-I
3.2 Prel aunch Milestones 3-I
3.3 Countdown Events 3-I
3.4 Propella'nt Loading 3-I

3.4.1 RP-I Loading 3-I
3.4.2 LOX Loading 3-3
3.4.3 LH2 Loading 3-3
3.4.4 Auxiliary Propulsion System
Propellant Loading 3-4
3.5 S-II Insulation, Purge and Leak

Detection 3-4
iii
TABLEOF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
Section Page
3.6 Ground Support Equipment 3-4

3.6.1 Ground/Vehicle Interface 3-4
3.6.2 MSFCFurnished Ground Support
Equipment 3-5
3.6.3 Camera Coverage 3-6
4 TRAJECTORY
4.1 Summary
4.2 Tracking Data Utilization
4.2.1 Tracking During the Ascent Phase
of F1 i ght 4-2
Tracking During Orbital Flight 4-2
Tracking During the Injection Phase
of F1 ight 4-2
4.2.4 Tracking During the Post Injection
Phase of Flight 4-3
4.3 Trajectory Evaluation 4-3

4.3.1 Ascent Trajectory 4-3
4.3.2 Parking Orbit Trajectory 4-6
4.3.3 Injection Trajectory 4-6
4.3.4 Post TLI Trajectory 4-10
4.3.5 S-IVB/IU Post Separation Trajectory 4-11
S-IC PROPULSION
5.1 Summa ry 5-I
5.2 S-IC Ignition Transient Performance 5-I
5.3 S-IC Mainstage Performance 5-3
5.4 S-IC Engine Shutdown Transient

Performance 5-5
5.5 S-IC Stage Propellant Management 5-6
5.6 S-lC Pressurization Systems 5-7

5.6.1 S-IC Fuel Pressurization System 5-7
5.6.2 S-IC LOX Pressurization System 5-7
5.7 S-IC Pneumatic Control Pressure System 5-8
5.8 S-IC Purge Systems 5-8
5.9 S-IC POGO Suppression System 5-9
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Section Page
6 S-II PROPULSION
6.1 Summary 6-I
6.2 S-II Chilldown and Buildup

Transient Performance 6-2
6.3 S-II Mainstage Performance 6-4
6.4 S-II Shutdown Transient Performance 6-8
6.5 S-II Stage Propellant Management 6-8
6.6 S-II Pressurization Systems 6-9

6.6.1 S-II Fuel Pressurization System 6-9
6.6,2 S-II LOX Pressurization System 6-11
6.7 S-II Pneumatic Control Pressure

Sys tern 6-13
6.8 S-II Helium Injection System 6-13
7 S-IVB PROPULSION
7.1 Summary 7-I
7.2 S-IVB Chilldown and Buildup Transient

Performance for First Burn 7-I
7.3 S-IVB Mainstage Performance for First

Burn 7-3
7.4 S-IVB Shutdown Transient Performance

for First Burn 7-5
7.5 S-IVB Parking Orbit Coast Phase

Condi ti oni ng 7-5
7.6 S-IVB Chilldown and Restart for

Second Burn 7-8
7.7 S-IVB Mainstage Performance for

Second Burn 7-12
7.8 S-IVB Shutdown Transient Performance

for Second Burn 7-12
7.9 S-IVB Stage Propellant Management 7-12
7.10 S-IVB Pressurization System 7-14

7.10.1 S-IVB Fuel Pressurization System 7-14
7.10.2 S-IVB LOX Pressurization System 7-19
TABLEOF CONTENTS(CONTINUED)
Section Page
7.11 S-IVB Pneumatic Control System 7-25
7.12 S-IVB Auxiliary Propulsion System 7-25
7.13 S-IVB Orbital Safing Operations 7-27
7.13.1 Fuel Tank Safing 7-27
7.13.2 LOXTank Dumpand Safing 7-27
7.13.3 Cold Helium Dump 7-29
7.13.4 Ambient Helium Dump 7-29
7.13.5 Stage Pneumatic Control Sphere Safing 7-29
7.13.6 Engine Start Sphere Safing 7-31
7.13.7 Engine Control Sphere Safing 7-31
8 HYDRAULICSYSTEMS
8.1 Summary 8-I
8.2 S-IC Hydraulic System 8-I
8.3 S-II Hydraulic System 8-I
8.4 S-IVB Hydraulic System 8-2
STRUCTURES
9.1 Summary 9-I
9.2 Total Vehicle Structures Evaluation 9-I
9.2.1 Longitudinal Loads 9-I
9.2.2 Bending Moments 9-2
9.2.3 Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics 9-3
9.2.3.1 Longitudinal Dynamic Characteristics 9-3
9,2.3.2 Lateral Dynamic Characteristics 9-12
I0 GUIDANCEANDNAVIGATION
10. 1 Summary I0-I
I0.I,I Flight Program I0-I
10.1.2 Instrument Unit Components I0-I
10.2 Guidance Comparisons I0-I
10.2.1 Late S-II Stage EMRShift 10-4
10.3 Navigation and Guidance Scheme
Evaluation 10-9
10.4 Guidance System Component Evaluation I0-I0
10.4.1 LVDCPerformance I0-I0
10.4.2 LVDA Performance I0-I0
10.4.3 Ladder Outputs I0-I0
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
Secti on Page
I0.4.4 Telemetry Outputs I0-I0
10.4.5 Discrete Outputs I0-13
I0.4.6 Switch Selector Functions I0-13
10.4.7 ST-124M-3 Inertial Platform I0-14
II SYSTEM
CONTROL
II .I Summary II-I
II .2 S-IC Control System Evaluation II-I
II ,2.1 Liftoff Clearances 11-2
II ,2.2 S-lC Flight Dynamics 11-2
II .3 S-II Control System Evaluation 11-6
II .4 S-IVB Control System Evaluation 11-13
II .4.1 Control System Eval uation During
First Burn 11-13
II ,4.2 Control System Evaluation During
Parking Orbit 11-13
II .4.3 Control System Evaluation During
Second Burn 11-14
II .4.4 Control System Evaluation After
S-IVB Second Burn 11-15
12 SEPARATION
12.1 Summary 12-I
12.2 S-IC/S-II Separation Evaluation 12-I
12.3 S-II/S-IVB Separation Evaluation 12-I
12.4 S-IVB/IU/LM/CSM Separation Evaluation 12-I
12.5 Lunar Module Docking and Ejection
Evaluation 12-2
13 ELECTRICALNETWORKS
13.1 Summary 13-I
13.2 S-IC Stage Electrical System 13-I
13.3 S-II Stage Electrical System 13-2
13.4 S-IVB Stage Electrical System 13-3
13.5 Instrument Unit Electrical System 13-6
14 RANGESAFETYAND COMMAND
SYSTEMS
14.1 Summary 14-I
14.2 Secure Range Safety CommandSystems 14-I
vii
TABLEOF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
Section Page
14.3 Commandand Communications System 14-I
15 EMERGENCY
DETECTIONSYSTEM
15.1 Summary 15-I
15.2 System Evaluation 15-I
15.2.1 General Performance 15-I
15.2.2 Propulsion System Sensors 15-I
15.2.3 Flight Dynamics and Control Sensors 15-I
16 VEHICLEPRESSURE
ENVIRONMENT
16.1 Summary 16-I
16.2 Base Pressures 16-I
16.2,1 S-IC Base Pressures 16-I
16.2.2 S-II Base Pressures 16-I
16.3 Surface Pressure and Compartment Venting 16-5
16.3.1 S-IC Stage 16-5
16.3.2 S-II Stage 16-5
17 VEHICLETHERMALENVIRONMENT
17.1 Summary 17-I
17.2 S-IC Base Heating 17-I
17.3 S-II Base Region Environment 17-4
17.4 Vehicle Aeroheating Thermal Environment 17-7
17.4.1 S-IC Stage Aeroheating Environment 17-7
17.4.2 S-II Stage Aeroheating Environment 17-8
18 ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
SYSTEM
18.1 Summary 18-I
18.2 S-IC Environmental Control 18-I
18.3 S-II Environmental Control 18-2
18.4 IU Environmental Control 18-2
18.4.1 Thermal Conditioning System 18-2
18.4,2 Gas Bearing Supply System 18-7
19 DATASYSTEMS
19.1 Summary 19-I
19.2 Vehicle Measurement Evaluation 19-I
19.3 Airborne Tel emetry Systems 19-2
viii
TABLEOF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
Section Page
19.4 RF Systems Evaluation 19-6
19.4.1 Telemetry System RF Propagation
Evaluation 19-6
19.4.2 Tracking Systems RF Propagation
Evaluation 19-6
19.4.3 CommandSystems RF Evaluation 19-8
19.5 Optical Instrumentation 19-12
2O MASSCHARACTERISTICS
20.1 Summary 20-I
20.2 Mass Evaluation 20-I
21 MISSION OBJECTIVESACCOMPLISHMENT 21-I
22 FAILURES, ANOMALIESANDDEVIATIONS
22.1 Summary 22-I
22.2 System Failures and Anomalies 22-I
22.3 System Devi ati ons 22-I
23 SPACECRAFT
SUMMARY 23-I
Appendix
A ATMOSPHERE
A.I Summary A-I
A.2 General Atmospheric Conditions at
Launch Time A-I
A.3 Surface Observations at Launch Time A-I
A.4 Upper Air Measurements A-I
A.4.1 Wind Speed A-I
A.4.2 Wind Direction A-I
A.4.3 Pitch Wind Component A-2
A.4.4 Yaw Wind Component A-2
A.4.5 Component Wind Shears A-2
A.4.6 Extreme Wind Data in the High Dynamic
Region A-3
A.5 Thermodynamic Data A-3
A.5.1 Temperature A-3
A.5.2 Atmospheric Pressure A-IO
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Appendix Page
A.5.3 Atmospheric Density A-IO
A.5.4 Optical Index of Refraction A-13
A.6 Comparison of Selected Atmospheric

Data for Saturn V Launches A-13
B • AS-506 SIGNIFICANT CONFIGURATION CHANGES
B. 1 I ntroducti on B-I
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
2-I Telemetry Time Delay 2-2
4-I Ascent Trajectory Position Comparison 4-3
4-2 Ascent Trajectory Space-Fixed Velocity

and Flight Path Angle Comparisons 4-4
4-3 Ascent Trajectory Acceleration Comparison 4-5
4-4 Dynamic Pressure and Mach Number Comparisons 4-6
4-5 Ground Track 4-12
4-6 Injection Phase Space-Fixed Velocity and

Flight Path Angle Comparisons 4-13
4-7 Injection Phase Acceleration Comparison 4-14
4-8 Slingshot Maneuver Longitudinal Velocity Increase 4-15
4-9 Trajectory Conditions Resulting from Slingshot

Maneuver Velocity Increments 4,.18
4-10 S-IVB/IU Velocity Relative to Earth Distance 4-18
5-I S-IC LOX Start Box Requirements 5-2
5-2 S-IC Engines Buildup Transients 5-3
5-3 S-IC Stage Propulsion Performance Parameters 5-4
5-4 S-IC Fuel Ullage Pressure 5-8
5-5 S-IC LOX Tank Ullage Pressure 5-9
5-6 S-IC LOX Suction Duct Pressure, Engine No. 5 5-10
6-I S-II Engine Start Tank Performance 6-3
6-2 S-II Engine Pump Inlet Start Requirements 6-5
6-3 S-II Steady-State Operation: 6-6
6-4 S-II Fuel Tank Ullage Pressure 6-10
6-5 S-II Fuel Pump Inlet Conditions 6-12
6-6 S-II LOX Tank Ullage Pressure 6-13
6-7 S-II LO× Pump Inlet Conditions 6-14
xi
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS(CONTINUED)
Figure Page
7-I S-IVB Start Box and Run Requirements - First Burn 7-2
7-2 S-IVB Steady-State Performance - First Burn 7-4
7-3 S-IVB CVS Performance - Coast Phase 7-6
7-4 S-IVB Ullage Conditions During Repressurization
Using 02/H2 Burner 7-9
7-5 S-IVB 02/H2 Burner Thrust and Pressurant Flowrates 7-I0
7-6 S-IVB Start Box and Run Requirements - Second Burn 7-11
7-7 S-IVB Steady-State Performance - Second Burn 7-13
7-8 S-IVB LH2 Ullage Pressure - First Burn and
Parking Orbit 7-15
7-9 S-IVB LH2 Ullage Pressure - Second Burn and
Translunar Coast 7-16
7-10 S-IVB Fuel Pump Inlet Conditions - First Burn 7-17
7-11 S-IVB Fuel Pump Inlet Conditions - Second Burn 7-18
7-12 S-IVB LOX Tank Ullage Pressure - First Burn
and Parking Orbit 7-19
7-13 S-IVB LOXTank Ullage Pressure - Second Burn
and Translunar Coast 7-21
7-14 S-IVB LOX Pump Inlet Conditions - First Burn 7-22
7-15 S-IVB LOX Pump Inlet Conditions - Second Burn 7-23
7-16 S-IVB Cold Helium Supply History 7-24
7-17 S-IVB APS Propellants Remaining Versus Range Time,
Module No. 1 and Module No. 2 7-26
7-18 S-IVB LOX Dumpand Orbital Safing Sequence 7-28
7-19 S-IVB LOX Dump 7-30
8-I S-IVB Hydraulic System - Second Burn 8-3
8-2 S-IVB Engine Driven Hydraulic PumpSchematic 8-4
9-I Release Rod Force Time History Comparison 9-2
9-2 Longitudinal Load at MaximumBending Moment,
CECOand OECO
9-3 MaximumBending Moment Near Max Q
9-4 First Longitudinal Modal Frequencies. During
S-IC Powered Flight 9-4
xi i
_ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS(CONTINUED)
Figure Page
9-5 Longitudinal Acceleration at CMand IU 9-6
9-6 Peak Amplitudes of Vehicle First Longitudinal
Mode for AS-504, AS-505, and AS-506 9-7
9-7 Frequency and Amplitude of Longitudinal
Oscillations During S-IC Boost 9-8
9-8 Frequency and Amplitude of Longitudinal Oscillations
During S-II Stage Boost 9-9
9-9 S-IVB AS-506 and AS-505 17- to 20-Hertz Oscillations
Comparison 9-9
9-10 AS-506 S-IVB First Burn MaximumResponse 9-10
9-11 AS-506 and AS-505 First Burn Response 9-10
9-12 Comparison of 45-Hertz Oscillations During AS-505
and AS-506 Second Burn 9-11
9-13 AS-506 Lateral Analysis/Measured Modal Frequency
Correlation 9-12
I0-I Trajectory and ST-124M-3 Platform Velocity
Comparison (Trajectory Minus Guidance) 10-2
10-2 Trajectory and ST-124M-3 Platform Velocity
Comparison Second S-IVB Burn (Trajectory Minus
Guidance) 10-3
10-3 AS-506 Characteristic Velocity Error 10-9
I0-4 Attitude CommandsDuring Active Guidance Period I0-II
I0-5 Attitude Angles During S-IVB Second Burn 10-12
II-I Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-IC Burn 11-3
11-2 Yaw Plane Dynamics During S-IC Burn 11-4
11-3 Roll Plane Dynamics During S-IC Burn 11-5
11-4 Normal Acceleration During S-IC Burn 11-8
11-5 Pitch and Yaw Plane Wind Velocity and Free-Stream
Angles-of-Attack During S-IC Burn 11-9
11-6 Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-II Burn II-I0
11-7 Yaw Plane Dynamics During S-II Burn II-II
11-8 Roll Plane Dynamics During S-II Burn 11-12
11-9 Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-IVB First Burn 11-14
xiii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS(CONTINUED)
Figure Page
II-I0 Yaw Plane Dynamics During S-IVB First Burn 11-15
II-II Roll Plane Dynamics During S-IVB First Burn 11-16
11-12 Pitch Plane Dynamics During Coast In Parking Orbit II -17
11-13 Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-IVB Second Burn _I-17
11-14 Yaw Plane Dynamics During S-IVB Second Burn 11-18
11-15 Roll Plane Dynamics During S-IVB Second Burn 11-18
11-16 Pitch and Yaw Plane Dynamics Following
Translunar Injection 11-19
11-17 Pitch, Yaw and Roll Plane Dynamics During the
Maneuver to TD&EAttitude 11-20
11-18 Pitch, Yaw and Roll Plane Dynamics During the
Maneuver to Slingshot Attitude 11-21
13-I S-IVB Stage Forward Battery No. 1 Voltage
and Current 13-4
13-2 S-IVB Stage Forward Battery No. 2 Voltage
and Current 13-4
13-3 S-IVB Stage Aft Battery No. 1 Voltage
and Current 13-5
13-4 S-IVB Stage Aft Battery No. 2 Voltage
and Current 13-5
13-5 Battery 6DIO Voltage, Current, and Temperature 13-7
13-6 Battery 6D30 Voltage, Current, and Temperature 13-7
13-7 Battery 6D40 Voltage, Current, and Temperature 13-8
16-I S-IC Base Heat Shield Pressure Loading 16-2
16-2 S-II Heat Shield Aft Face Pressure 16-3
16-3 S-II Heat Shield Forward Face Pressure 16-3
16-4 S-II Thrust Cone Pressure 16-4
16-5 S-II Forward Skirt Pressure Loading 16-6
17-I S-IC Base Heat Shield Measurement Locations 17-2
17-2 S-IC Base Heat Shield Total Heating Rate 17-3
17-3 S-IC Base Heat Shield Gas Temperature 17-3
17-4 S-II Heat Shield Aft Face Heat Rate 17-4
xiv
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTINUED)
Figure Page
17-5 Heat Shield Aft Radiation Heat Rate 17-5
17-6 S-II Base Gas Temperature 17-6
17-7 Forward Location of Separated Flow 17-7
18-I S-IC Forward Compartment Ambient Temperature 18-3
18-2 S-IC Aft Compartment Temperature 18-4
18-3 Sublimator Performance During Ascent 18-5
18-4 TCS Coolant Control Parameters 18-6
18-5 TCS GN2 Sphere Pressure (D25-601) 18-7
18-6 IU Selected Component Temperatures "18-8
18-7 Inertial Platform GN2 Pressures 18-9
18-8 GBS GN2 Sphere Pressure (DI0-603) 18-10
19-I VHF Telemetry Coverage Summary 19-7
19-2 C-Band Radar Coverage Summary 19-9
19-3 CCS Signal Strength Fluctuations at Hawaii 19-10
19-4 CCS Signal Strength Fluctuations at GDS Wing

Station 19-11
19-5 CCS Coverage. Summary 19-13
A-I Scalar Wind Speed at Launch Time of AS-506 A-4
A-2 Wind Direction at Launch Time of AS-506 A-5
A-3 Pitch Wind Speed Component (Wx) at Launch

Time of AS-506 A-6
A-4 Yaw Wind Speed Component (Wz) at Launch

Time of AS-506 A-7
A-5 Pitch (Sx) and Yaw (S z) Component Wind Shears

at Launch Time of AS-506 A-8
A-6 Relative Deviation of Temperature and Density

From the PRA-63 Reference Atmosphere, AS-506 A-II
A-7 Relative Deviation of Pressure and Absolute

Deviation of the Index of Refraction From
the PRA-63 Reference Atmosphere, AS-506 A-12
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2-I Time Base Summary 2-3
2-2 Significant Event Times Summary 2-4
2-3 Variable Time and Commanded Switch Selector

Events 2-10
3-I AS-506 Prelaunch Milestones 3-2
4-I Comparison of Significant Trajectory Events 4-7
4-2 Comparison of Cutoff Events 4-8
4-3 Comparison of Separation Events 4-9
4-4 Stage Impact Location 4-10
4-5 Parking Orbit Insertion Conditions 4-11
4-6 Translunar Injection Conditions 4-16
4-7 Comparison of Slingshot Maneuver Velocity

Increment 4-16
4-8 Comparison of Lunar Closest Approach Parameters 4-19
4-9 Heliocentric Orbit Parameters 4-19
5-I S-IC Engine Performance Deviations 5-5
5-2 S-IC Stage Propellant Mass History 5-6
6-I S-II Engine Performance Deviations (ESC

+61 Seconds) 6-7
S-II Propellant Mass History 6-10
S-IVB Steady-State Performance - First Burn

(STDV +137-Second Time Slice at Standard
Altitude Conditions) 7-5
7-2 S-IVB Steady-State Performance - Second Burn

(STDV +172-Second Time Slice at Standard
Altitude Conditions) 7-14
7-3 S-IVB Stage Propellant Mass History 7-14
7-4 S-IVB APS-Propellant Conditions 7-25
7-5 S-IVB APS Propellant Consumption 7-27
xvi
LIST OF TABLES(CONTINUED)
Table Page
I0-I Inertial Platform Velocity Comparisons 10-5
I0-2 Guidance Comparisons 10-6
10-3 Guidance Components Differences 10-8
10-4 Start and Stop Times for IGM Guidance Commands I0-I0
10-5 Parking Orbit Insertion Parameters 10-13
10-6 Translunar Injection Parameters 10-13
II-I AS-506 Misalignment and Liftoff Conditions
Summary 11-6
11-2 MaximumControl Parameters During S-IC Burn 11-7
11-3 MaximumControl Parameters During S-II Burn 11-13
11-4 MaximumControl Parameters During S-IVB First
Burn 11-16
11-5 MaximumControl Parameters During S-IVB Second
Burn 11-19
13-I S-IC Stage Battery Power Consumption 13-I
13-2 S-II Stage Battery Power Consumption 13-2
13-3 S-IVB Stage Battery Power Consumption 13-3
13-4 IU Battery Power Consumption 13-6
14-I Commandand Communication System GDSCommands
History 14-2
18-I TCS Coolant Flowrates and Pressures 18-6
19-I AS-506 Measurement Summary 19-2
19-2 AS-506 Flight Measurements Waived Prior to
Launch 19-3
19-3 AS-506 Measurement Malfunctions 19-4
19-4 AS-506 Launch Vehicle Telemetry Links 19-5
20-I Total Vehicle Mass - S-IC Burn Phase - Kilograms 20-3
20-2 Total Vehicle Mass - S-IC Burn Phase - Pounds
Mass 20-4
20-3 Total Vehicle Mass - S-II Burn Phase - Kilograms 20-5
20-4 Total Vehicle Mass - S-II Burn Phase - Pounds
Mass 20-6
20-5 Total Vehicle Mass - S-IVB First Burn Phase -
Ki I ograms 20-7
xvii
LIST OF TABLES(CONTINUED)
Table Page
20-6 Total Vehicle Mass - S-IVB First Burn Phase -
Pounds Mass 20-8
20-7 Total Vehicle Mass - S-IVB Second Burn Phase -
Kilograms 20-9
20-8 Total Vehicle Mass - S-IVB Second Burn Phase -
Pounds Mass 20-10
20-9 Flight Sequence Mass Summary 20-I 1
20-10 Mass Characteristics Comparison 20-13
21-I Mission Objectives Accomplishment Summary 21-I
22-I Summaryof Deviations 22-2
A-I Surface Observations at AS-506 Launch Time A-2
A-2 Solar Radiation at AS-506 Launch Time, Launch
Pad 39A A-3
A-3 Systems Used to Measure Upper Air Wind Data
for AS-506 A-9
A-4 MaximumWind Speed in High Dynamic Pressure
Region for Apollo/Saturn 501 through Apollo/
Saturn 506 Vehicles A-9
A-5 Extreme Wind Shear Values in the High Dynamic
Pressure Region for Apollo/Saturn 501 through
Apollo/Saturn 506 Vehicles A-IO
A-6 Selected Atmospheric Observations for Apollo/
Saturn 501 through Apollo/Saturn 506 Vehicle
Launches at Kennedy Space Center, Florida A-13
B-I S-IC Significant Configuration Changes B-2
B-2 S-II Significant Configuration Changes B-2
B-3 S-IVB Significant Configuration Changes B-3
B-4 IU Significant Configuration Changes B-4
xviii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report is published by the Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group--

composed of representatives of Marshall Space Flight Center, John F.
Kennedy Space Center, and MSFC's prime contractors--and in cooperation
with the Manned Spacecraft Center. Significant contributions to the
evaluation have been made by:
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
Science and Engineering
Central Systems Engineering

Aero-Astrodynamics
Astrionics Laboratory
Computation Laboratory
Astronautics Laboratory
Program Management
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Manned Spacecraft Center
The Boeing Company
McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company
International Business Machines Corporation
North American Rockwell/Space Division
North American RockwelJ/Rocketdyne Division
xix
ABBREVIATIONS
ACN Ascension DTS Data Transmission System

AGC Automatic Gain Control EBW Exploding Bridge Wire
ANT Antigua ECO Engine Cutoff
AOS Acquisition of Signal ECS Environmental Control System
APS Auxiliary Propulsion System EDS Emergency Detection System
ARIA Apollo Range Instrument EDT Eastern Daylight Time
Aircraft EMR Engine Mixture Ratio
ASI Augmented Spark Igniter EPO Earth Parking Orbit
AUX Auxiliary ESC Engine Start Command
AVP Address Verification Pulse EVA Extra-Vehicular Activity
BDA Bermuda FCC Flight Control Computer
CCS Commandand Communications
System FM/FM Frequency Modulation/
Frequency Modulation
CDDT Countdown Demonstration FRT
Test Flight Readiness Test
GBI Grand Bahama Island.
CECO Center Engine Cutoff
GBM Grand Bahama
CG Center of Gravity
GBS Gas Bearing System
ClF Central Information
Facility GET Ground Elapse Time
CM CommandModule GFCV GOXFlow Control Valve
CNV Cape Kennedy GDS Goldstone
CRO Carnarvon GG Gas Generator
CRP Computer Reset Pulse GOX Gaseous Oxygen
CSM Commandand Service Module GRR Guidance Reference Release
CVS Continuous Vent System GSE Ground Support Equipment
CYI Grand Canary Island GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center
DDAS Digital Data Acquisition GTK Grand Turk Island
System GWM Guam
DEE Digital Events Evaluator GYM Guaymas
XX
Hawaii MR Mixture Ratio
HAW
HDA Holddown Arm MSC Manned Spacecraft Center
HFCV Helium Flow Control Valve MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center
HSK Honeysuckle (Canberra) MSFN Manned Space Flight Network
Iterative Guidance Mode MSS Mobile Service Structure

I GM
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit MTF Mississippi Test Facility
IP&C Instrumentation Program M/W Methanol Water
and Components NPSP Net Positive Suction Pressure

IU Instrument Unit NPV Non Propulsive Vent
KSC Kennedy Space Center NASA National Aeronautics and
LCC Launch Control Center Space Administration
LES Launch Escape System OAFPL Overall Fluctuating

Pressure Level
LET Launch Escape Tower
OASPL Overall Sound Pressure Level
LH 2 Liquid Hydrogen
OAT Overall Test
LIEF Launch Information
Exchange Facility OCP Orbital Correction Program
LM Lunar Module OECO Outboard Engine Cutoff
LOI Lunar Orbit Insertion OIS Operational Intercom System
LOS Loss of Signal OMNI Omni Directional
LOX Liquid Oxygen OT Operational Trajectory
LUT Launch Umbilical Tower PAM/ Pulse Amplitude Modulation/

FM/FM Frequency Modulation/
LV Launch Vehicle Frequency Modulation
LVDA Launch Vehicle Data PAFB Patrick Air Force Base
Adapter
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
LVDC Launch Vehicle Digital
PCM/ Pulse Code Modulation/
Computer FM Frequency Modulation
MAD Madrid
PDO Principal Detailed Objective
MAP Message Acceptance Pulse
PMR Programed Mixture Ratio
MCC-H Mission Control Center -
Houston PRA Patrick Reference Atmosphere
MER Mercury (ship) PSD Power Spectral Density
MFCV Pad Terminal Connection Room

Modulating Flow Control PTCR
Valve PTCS Propellant Tanking Control
MILA Merritt Island Launch Area System
MOV Main Oxidizer Valve PU Propellant Utilization
xxi
RED Redstone (ship) TMR Triple Modular Redundant
RF Radio Frequency TSM Tail Service Mast
RMS Root Mean Square TVC Thrust Vector Control
RP-I Designation for S-IC Stage USB Unified S-Band
Fuel (kerosene) UT Universal Time
SA Service Arm
VAN Vanguard (ship)
SC Spacecraft VHF Very High Frequency
SDO Secondary Detailed WHS White Sands
Objective
SLA Spacecraft LM Adapter
SM Service Module
SMC Steering Misalignment
Correction
SPL Sound Pressure Level
SPS Service Propulsion System
SRSCS Secure Range Safety
CommandSystem
SS/FM Single Sideband/Frequency
Modulation
STDV Start Tank Discharge Valve
SV Space Vehicle
T1 Time Base 1
Tli Time to go in Ist Stage
IGM
T2i Time to go in 2nd Stage
I GM
TAN Tananarive
TCS Thermal Conditioning
Systern
TD&E Transposition, Docking and
Ejection
TEl Transearth Injection
TEX Corpus Christi (Texas)
TLC Translunar Coast
TLI Translunar Injection
TM Telemeter, Telemetry
xxi i
MISSION PLAN
The AS-506 flight (Apollo II Mission) is the sixth flight of the Apollo/
Saturn V flight test program. The primary objective of the mission is
to land astronauts on the lunar surface and return them safely to earth.
The crew consists of Neil Armstrong (Mission Commander), Lt. Col. Michael
Collins (CommandModule Pilot), and Lt. Col. Edwin Aldrin, Jr. (Lunar
Module Pilot).
The AS-506 flight vehicle is composed of the S-IC-6, S-II-6, and S-IVB-6N
stages; Instrument Unit (IU)-6; Spacecraft/Lunar Module Adapter (SLA)-I4;
and Spacecraft (SC). The SC consists of Commandand Service Module (CSM)
-107 and Lunar Module (LM)-5.
Vehicle launch from Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is along a
90 degree azimuth with a roll to a variable flight azimuth of 72 to 108
degrees measured east of true north. Vehicle mass at S-IC ignition is
2,941,221 kilograms (6,484,282 Ibm). The S-IC stage powered flight is
approximately 161 seconds; the S-II stage provides powered flight for
approximately 389 seconds. Following S-IVB first burn (approximately
144 seconds duration), the S-IVB/IU/SLA/LM/CSM is inserted into a 183.8
by 186.5 kilometer (99.2 by 100.7 n mi) altitude (referenced to a spherical
earth) Earth Parking Orbit (EPO). Vehicle mass at orbit insertion is
135,669 kilograms (229,099 Ibm).
At approximately I0 seconds after EPO insertion, the vehicle is aligned

with the local horizontal. Continuous hydrogen venting is initiated
shortly after EPO insertion and the Launch Vehicle (LV) and CSMsystems are
checked in preparation for the Translunar Injection (TLI) burn. During the
second or third revolution in EPO, the S-IVB stage is reignited and burns
for approximately 349 seconds. This burn injects the S-IVB/IU/SLA/LM/CSM
into a free-return, translunar trajectory.
Approximately 15 minutes after TLI, the vehicle initiates an inertial

attitude hold for CSMseparation, docking and LM ejection. Following the
attitude freeze, the CSMseparates from the LV and the SLA panels are
jettisoned. The CSMthen transposes and docks to the LM. After docking,
the CSM/LMis spring ejected from the S-IVB/IU. Following CSM/LMejection,
the S-IVB/IU configuration achieves a co-rotational slingshot trajectory
by using propulsive venting of hydrogen (LH2), dumping of oxygen (LOX) and
by firing the Auxiliary Propulsion ,System (APS) ullage engines. The
slingshot trajectory results in a solar orbit for the S-IVB/IU.
xxiii
During the 3 day translunar coast, the astronauts perform star-earth
landmark sightings, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) alignments, general
lunar navigation procedures and possibly four midcourse corrections. At
approximately 76 hours, a Service Propulsion System (SPS), Lunar Orbit
Insertion (LOI) burn of approximately 359 seconds inserts the CSM/LM into
a Ill by 315 kilometer (60 by 17O n mi) altitude parking orbit.
After two revolutions in lunar orbit, a 16-second SPS burn circularizes

the orbit to Ill kilometers (60 n mi) altitude at 80 hours. The LM is
entered by astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin and checkout is accomplished.
During the eleventh revolution in orbit at lO0 hours, the LM separates
from the CSM and prepares for the lunar descent. The LM descent propul-
sion system is used to brake the LM into the landing trajectory, approach
the landing site and perform the landing at I03 hours.
Following lunar landing, the two astronauts execute a 2.66 hour simulta-
neous lunar Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA). After the EVA, the astronauts
prepare the ascent propulsion system for lunar ascent. The total lunar
stay time for Apollo II is approximately 22 hours.
The CSM performs a plane change approximately 17 hours prior to lunar

ascent. At approximately 124.5 hours, the ascent stage inserts the LM
into a 16.7 by 83.3 kilometer (9 by 45 n mi) altitude lunar orbit, and
rendezvous and docks with the CSM. The astronauts reenter the CSM,
jettison the LM and prepare for Transearth Injection (TEl). TEl is
accomplished at approximately 135 hours with a 149-second SPS burn. The
time and duration of the SPS TEl burn is dependent on an optional astro-
naut rest period.
During the 60-hour transearth coast, the astronauts perform navigation

procedures, star-earth-moon sightings and possibly three midcourse correc-
tions. The Service Module (SM) separates from the Command Module (CM) 15
minutes prior to reentry. Splashdown occurs in the Pacific Ocean approxi-
mately 195 hours after liftoff.
After the recovery operations, a biological quarantine is imposed on the

crew and CM. An incubation period of 18 days from splashdown (21 days
from lunar ascent) is required for the astronauts. The hardware incuba-
tion period is the time required to analyze certain lunar samples.
xxiv
FLIGHT TEST SUMMARY
The fourth manned Saturn V Apollo space vehicle, AS-506 (Apollo II

(Mission) was launched at 09:32:00 Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) on July 16,
1969 from Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Complex 39, Pad A. This sixth
launch of the Saturn V/Apollo successfully performed the three principal
detailed objectives mandatory for successful accomplishment of the pri-
mary mission objective which was to perform a lunar landing and return.
The secondary detailed objective was also successfully accomplished.
The launch countdown was completed without any unscheduled countdown

holds. Ground system performance was satisfactory. Damageto the pad,
Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) and support equipment was minor.
The trajectory parameters of AS-506 from launch to Translunar Injection

(TLI) were close to nominal. The vehicle was launched on an azimuth 90
degrees east of north. A roll maneuver was initiated at 13.2 seconds
that placed the vehicle on a flight azimuth of 72.058 degrees east of
north. The space-fixed velocity at S-IC Outboard Engine Cutoff (OECO)
was 8.5 m/s (27.9 ft/s) greater than nominal. The space-fixed velocity
at S-II OECOwas 22.8 m/s (74.8 ft/s) less than nominal. The space-fixed
velocity at S-IVB first guidance cutoff was 0.2 m/s (0.6 ft/s) less than
nominal. The altitude at S-IVB first guidance cutoff was 0.2 kilometer
(0.I n mi) lower than nominal and the surface range was 1.7 kilometer
(I.0 n mi) less than nominal. The space-fixed velocity at parking orbit
insertion was equal to nominal. The apogee and perigee were 0.5 kilo-
meter (0.3 n mi) and 0.6 kilometer (0.3 n mi) less than nominal, respec-
tively. The parameters at TLI were also close to nominal. The space-
fixed velocity was 3.2 m/s (10.5 ft/s) greater than nominal, the altitude
was 3.1 kilometers (1.6 n mi) less than nominal and C3 was 16,877 m2/s2
(181,663 ft2/s 2) greater than nominal. Following Lunar Module (LM) extrac-
tion, the vehicle maneuvered to a slingshot attitude frozen relative to
local horizontal. The retrograde velocity change necessary to achieve
S-IVB/IU lunar slingshot maneuver was accomplished by a LOX dump, Auxiliary
Propulsion System (APS) burn, and LH2 vent. The S-IVB/IU closest approach
of 3379 kilometers (1825 n mi) above the lunar surface occurred at 78.7
hours into the mission.
All S-IC propulsion systems performed satisfactorily and the propulsion

performance level was very close to nominal. Stage site thrust (averaged
from liftoff to OECO)was 0.62 percent lower than predicted. Total pro-
pellant consumption rate was 0.40 percent lower than predicted with the
total consumed Mixture Ratio (MR) 0.I0 percent lower than predicted.
xxv
Specific impulse was 0.16 percent lower than predicted. Total propellant
consumption from Holddown Arm (HDA) release to OECOwas low by 1.12 per-
cent. Center Engine Cutoff (CECO) was commandedby the IU as planned.
OECO, initiated by the LOX low level sensors, occurred 0.55 second later
than predicted.
The S-II propulsion system performed satisfactorily throughout the flight.

The S-II stage operation time of 385.18 seconds was 4.0 seconds shorter
than predicted. Early CECOsuccessfully avoided high amplitude low fre-
quency oscillations experienced on the AS-503 and AS-504 flights. Total
stage thrust at 61 seconds after S-II Engine Start Command(ESC) was 0.20
percent below predicted. Total propellant flowrate (including pressuri-
zation flow) was 0.13 percent below predicted and vehicle specific impulse
was 0.07 percent below predicted at this time slice. Stage propellant MR
was 0.36 percent above predicted. The engine servicing system Ground
Support Equipment (GSE) performed satisfactorily except that the engine
No. 1 start tank pressure was 2.8 N/cm2 (4 psi) below redline at pre-
launch commit (-33 seconds). All start tank pressures and temperatures
were well within requirements at S-II ESC,
The J-2 engine operated satisfactorily throughout the operational phase

of S-IVB first and second burn. Shutdowns for both burns were normal.
S-IVB first burn duration was 147.1 seconds which was 3.4 seconds more
than predicted. The engine performance during first burn, as determined
from standard altitude reconstruction analysis, deviated from the pre-
dicted by +0.20 percent for thrust and +0.05 percent for specific impulse.
The S-IVB stage first burn Engine Cutoff (ECO) was initiated by the Launch
Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) at 699.34 seconds. The Continuous Vent
System (CVS) adequately regulated LH2 tank ullage pressure during orbit,
and the Oxygen/Hydrogen (02/H 2) burner satisfactorily achieved LH2 and
LOX tank repressurization for restart. Engine restart conditions were
within specified limits. The restart at full open Propellant Utilization
(PU) valve position was successful. S-IVB second burn duration was 346.9
seconds which was 1.7 seconds less than predicted. The engine perform-
ance during second burn, as determined from the standard altitude recon-
struction analysis, deviated from the predicted by -0.56 percent for
thrust and +0.05 percent for specific impulse. Subsequent to second
burn, the stage propellant tanks were safed satisfactorily.
The stage hydraulic systems performed satisfactorily on the S-IC, S-II,

and first burn and coast phase of the S-IVB stage. During this period
all parameters were within specification limits. Just after stage reigni-
tion the S-IVB hydraulic system pressure exceeded the upper limit by
0.6 percent. At 202 seconds into the burn, a step decrease in system
pressure to a nominal operating level occurred and the pressure remained
at this level for the remainder of the burn. The pumpmanufacturer does
not consider this condition to indicate impending malfunction of the
engine driven pump.
xxvi
The structural loads and dynamic environments experienced by the AS-506
launch vehicle were well within the vehicle structural capability. The
longitudinal loads experienced during flight were nominal. The maximum
bending moment condition, 3.75 x 106 N-m (33.2 x 106 Ibf-in.), was ex-
perienced at 91.5 seconds and was lower than that experienced on any
previous flight. Low level first mode longitudinal oscillations similar
to those of previous flights were evident during each stage burn but
caused no problems.
The navigation and guidance system performed satisfactorily. The parking

orbit and TLI parameters were well within tolerance. The S-IVB LOX dump,
LH2 vent and APS ullage burn resulted in a heliocentric orbit of the
S-IVB/IU as planned. The actual S-II Engine Mixture Ratio (EMR) shift
occurred approximately 9.5 seconds later than indicated by the final
stage propulsion prediction. About 4 seconds of this deviation was
attributed to the change in LVDCnominal characteristic velocity pre-
setting predictions and variation in actual from predicted flight per-
formance. Approximately 5.5 seconds of the deviation is attributed to
improper scaling in the flight program calculation of characteristic
velocity. The LVDC, the Launch Vehicle Data Adapter (LVDA), and the
ST-124M-3 inertial platform functioned satisfactorily. The platform-
measured crossrange velocity (_) exhibited a negative shift of approxi-
mately 1.8 m/s (5.9 ft/s) at 3.3 seconds after liftoff. The probable
cause was the Y accelerometer head momentarily contacting an internal
mechanical stop. This had negligible effect on launch vehicle perform-
ance.
The AS-506 Flight Control Computer (FCC), Thrust Vector Control (TVC)
and APS satisfied all requirements for vehicle attitude control during
the flight. All maneuvers were properly accomplished. All separations
occurred as expected without producing significant attitude deviations.
The AS-506 launch vehicle electrical systems performed satisfactorily

throughout all phases of flight. Performance of the Secure Range Safety
CommandSystems (SRSCS)was nominal on all powered stages. The SRSCS
was properly safed by ground commandfrom Bermuda (BDA). Performance of
the Commandand Communications System (CCS) was satisfactory except for
the Radio Frequency (RF) problem noted. The Emergency Detection System
(EDS) performance was nominal with no abort limits exceeded.
Vehicle base pressure environments were generally in good agreement with

postflight predictions and compared well with previous flight data.
There was no instrumentation provided on the AS-506 vehicle which would
permit a direct evaluation of the surface and compartment pressure en-
vironments. The one ambient pressure measurement located in the S-II
forward skirt was used to calculate the pressure loading acting on that
area, and indicated good agreement with postflight predictions and pre-
vious flight data.
xxvii
Base thermal environments were similar to those experienced on earlier
flights with the exception that S-II heat shield aft radiation heating
rates were approximately 20 percent higher than the maximumvalues mea-
sured during previous flights. Aerodynamic heating environments were
not measured on AS-506,
The Environmental Control System (ECS) performed satisfactorily. The

IU ECS coolant temperatures, pressure, and flowrates were continuously
maintained within required ranges and design limits. One deviation
from specification was observed. The inertial platform gas bearing
differential2Pressure drifted above the 10.7 N/cm2 (15.5 psid) maximum
to 11.2 N/cm (16.3 psid). This condition has occurred on previous
flights and caused no detrimental effect on the missions.
All elements of the data system performed satisfactorily except for a

problem with the CCSdownlink during translunar coast. Measurement
performance was excellent as evidenced by 99.9 percent reliability.
This is the highest reliability attained on any Saturn V flight. Tele-
metry performance was nominal, with the exception of a minor calibra-
tion deviation. Very High Frequency (VHF) telemetry Radio Frequency
(RF) propagation was generally good, though the usual problems due to
flame effects and staging were experienced. VHF data were received to
17,800 seconds (04:56:40). Commandsystems RF performance for both
the SRSCSand CCSwas nominal except for the CCSdownlink problem
noted. Goldstone (GDS) reported receiving CCSsignals to 35,779 seconds
(9:56:19). Good tracking data were received from the C-Band radar, with
Patrick Air Force Base (PAFB) indicating final LOS at 42,912 seconds
(11:55:12). The 75 ground engineering cameras provided good data during
the launch.
xxviii
SECTION1
INTRODUCTION
I.I PURPOSE
This report provides the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA) Headquarters, and other interested agencies, with the launch vehicle
evaluation results of the AS-506 flight test. The basic objective of
flight evaluation is to acquire, reduce, analyze, evaluate and report" on
flight test data to the extent required to assure future mission success
and vehicle reliability. To accomplish this objective, actual flight
failures, anomalies and deviations must be identified, their causes
accurately determined, and complete information made available so that
corrective action can be accomplished within the established flight
schedule.
1.2 SCOPE
This report presents the results of the early engineering flight evaluation
of the AS-506 launch vehicle. The contents are centered on the performance
evaluation of the major launch vehicle systems, with special emphasis on
the deviations. Summaries of launch operations and spacecraft performance
are included for completeness.
The official George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) position at

this time is represented by this report. It wili not be followed by a
similar report unless continued analysis or new information should prove
the conclusions presented herein to be significantly incorrect. Final
stage evaluation reports will, however, be published by the stage
contractors. Reports covering major subjects and special subjects will be
published as required.
1-I/I-2
SECTION2
EVENTTIMES
2.1 SUMMARY
OF EVENTS
Range zero time, the basic time reference for this report, is 9:32:00
Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) (13:32:00 Universal Time [UT]). This time
is based on the nearest second prior to S-IC tail plug disconnect which
occurred at 9:32:00.6 EDT. Range time is calculated as the elasped time
from range zero time and, unless otherwise noted, is the time used
throughout this report. The actual and predicted range times are ad-
justed to ground telemetry received times. The Time-From-Base times are
presented as vehicle times. Figure 2-I shows the time delay of ground
telemetry received time versus Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) time
and indicates the magnitude and sign of corrections applied to correlate
range time and vehicle time in Tables 2-I, 2-2 and 2-3.
Guidance Reference Release (GRR) occurred at -16.97 seconds and start of

Time Base 1 (T I) occurred at 0.63 seconds. GRRwas established by the
Digital Events Evaluator (DEE-6) and T1 was initiated at detection of
liftoff signal provided by de-energizing the liftoff relay in the Instru-
ment Unit (IU) at IU umbilical disconnect.
Range time for each time base used in the flight sequence program and the
signal for initiating each time base are presented in Table 2-I.
Start of T2 was within nominal expectations for this event. Start of T3,
T4 and T5 were initiated approximately 0.6 second late and 3.5 and 0.I
seconds early, respectively, due to Variations in the stage burn times.
These variations are discussed in Sections 5, 6 and 7 of this document.
Start of T6, which was initiated by the LVDCupon solving the restart
equation, was 0.9 second later than predicted. Start of T7 was 1.0 second
earlier than predicted. T , which was initiated by the receipt of a
ground command, was starte_ 63.2 seconds later than the predicted time.
A summary of significant events for AS-506 is given in Table 2-2. Since

not all events listed in Table 2-2 are IU commandedswitch selector func-
tions, deviations are not to be construed as failures to meet specified
switch selector tolerances. The events in Table 2-2 associated with guid-
ance, navigation, and control have been identified as being accurate to
within a major computation cycle.
2-I
320
280
240 4
F
/
,/
. 200
/
_ 160
120 /
i--
/
/
80
J
40 ,......--
I
I
0 S_
0 2 4 6 8 I0 12 14 16 18 20 22
RANGE TIME, I000 SECONDS
I I I I I i I
0:00:00 I:00:00 2:00:00 3:00:00 4:00:00 5:00:00 6:00:00
RANGE TIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS
Figure 2-I. Telemetry Time Delay
The predicted times for establishing actual minus predicted times in

Table 2-2 have been taken from 40M33626B, "Interface Control Document
Definition of Saturn SA-506 Flight Sequence Program", and from the
"AS-506 G Mission Launch Vehicle Operational Trajectory", dated July 14,
1969.
2.2 VARIABLE TIME AND COMMANDED SWITCH SELECTOR EVENTS
Table 2-3 lists the switch selector events which were issued during the
flight but were not programed for specific times. The range times are
adjusted to ground telemetry received times. The water coolant valve
open and close switch selector commands were issued based on the condition
of two thermal switches in the Environmental Control System (ECS). The
outputs of these switches were sampled once every 300 seconds, beginning
at 180 seconds, and a switch selector command was issued to open or close
the water valve. The valve was opened if the sensed temperature was too
high and the valve was closed if the temperature was too low.
2-2
Table 2-I. Time Base Summary
RANGE TIME
TIME BASE SEC SIGNAL START
(HR:MIN:SEC)
To -16.97 Guidance Reference Release
T1 0.63 IU Umbilical Disconnect

Sensed by LVDC
T2 135.27 S-IC CECO Sensed by LVDC
T3 161.66 S-IC OECO Sensed by LVDC
T4 548.24 S-II OECO Sensed by LVDC
T5 699.57 S-IVB ECO (Velocity) Sensed

by LVDC
T6 9278.24 Restart Equation Solution

(2:34:38.24)
T7 10,203.33 S-IVB ECO (Velocity) Sensed

(2:50:03.33) by LVDC
T8 17,467.64 Enabled by Ground Command

(4:51:07.64)
Table 2-3 also contains the special sequence of switch selector events
which were programed to be initiated by telemetry station acquisition
and included the following calibration sequence:
Function Stage Time (Sec)
Telemetry Calibrator IU Acquisition +60.0

In-Flight Calibrate ON
TM Calibrate ON S-IVB Acquisition +60.4
TM Calibrate OFF S-IVB Acquisition +61.4
Telemetry Calibrator IU Acquisition +65.0

In-Flight Calibrator OFF
2-3
Table 2-2. Significant Event Times Summary
RANGE TIME TIME FROM BASE
EVENI DESCRIPTION ACTUAL ACT-PRED ACTUAL ACT-PRED
SEC SEC SEC SEC
I GUIDANCE REFERENCE RELEASE -17.0 0.0 -17.6 0.0

(GRR)
2 S-IC ENGINE START SEQUENCE -8.9 0.0 -9.5 0.0

COMMAND (GROUND)
3 S-IC ENGINE NO.I START -6. I 0.0 -6.8 0.0
4 S-IC ENGINE NO.2 START -5.9 0-0 -6.5 0.0
5 S-IC ENGINE NO.3 START -6.1 0.0 -6.7 0.0
6 S-IC ENGINE NO.4 START -6.0 0.0 -6.6 0.0
7 S-IC ENGINE NO.5 START -6.4 0.0 -7. I 0.0
B ALL S-IC ENGINES THRUST OK -1.6 -0.1 -2.2 -0.I
9 RANGE ZERO 0.0 -0.6
I0 ALL HOLDDOWN ARMS RELEASED 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.1

(FIRST MOTICN)
11 IU UMBILICAL DISCONNECT, START 0.6 -0.I 0.0 0.0

OF TIME BASE I (T[)
12 BEGIN TOWER CLEARANCE YAW 1.7 0.0 1.0 0.0

MANEUVER*
13 END YAW MANEUVER* 9.? -1.O 9.0 -1.O
14 BEGIN PITCH AND ROLL MANEUVER* 13.2 -0.6 12.6 -0.5
15 S-IC OUTBOARD ENGINE CANT 20.6 -0.I 20.0 0.0
16 END ROLL MANEUVER * 31.1 -0.7 30.5 -0.6
17 MACH 1 66.3 0.7 65.7 0.7
18 MAXIMUM DYNAMIC PRESSURE 83.0 1.7 82.4 1.8

(MAX Q)
19 S-IC CENTER ENGINE CUTOFF 135.20 -0.08 134.56 -0.06

(CECO)
20 START OF TIME BASE 2 (T2) 135.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
21 END PITCH MANEUVER (TILT 160.0 -0.8 24.7 -0.8

ARREST)*
22 S-IC OUTBOARD ENGINE CUTOFF 161.63 0.55 26.36 0.59

(OECO)
23 START GF TIME BASE 3 (13) 161.? 0.6 0.0 0.0
24 START S-If LH2 TANK HIGH 161.7 0.5 0.I 0.0

PRESSURE VENT MODE
*Time is accurate to major computation cycle dependent upon length of

computation cycles.
2-4
Table 2-2. Significant Event Times Summary (Continued)
EVENT DESCRIPTION ACTUAL ACT-PRED ACTUAL ACT-PRED
SEC SEC SEC SEC
25 S-II LH2 RECIRCULAIION PUMPS 161.8 0.5 0.2 0.0

OFF
26 S-If ULLAGE MOTOR IGNITION 0.5 0.5 0.0
27 S-ICIS-II SEPARATION COMMAND 0.5 0.7 0.0

TO FIRE SEPARATION DEVICES
AND RETRO MOTORS
28 S-IT ENGINE START COMMAND 163.0 0.5 1.4 0.0

(ESC)
29 S-IT ENGINE SOLENOID ACTIVAT- 164.0 0.5 2.4 0.0

ION (AVERAGE OF FIVE)
30 S-II ULLAGE MOTOR BURN TIME 166.1 0.4 4.4 -0.2

TERMINATION (THRUST REACHES
75%)
31 S-II MAINSTAGE 166.2 0.7 4.6 0.2
32 S-IT CHILLDOWN VALVES CLOSE 168.0 0.5 6.4 0.0
33 ACTIVATE S-IT PU SYSTEM 168.5 0.5 6.9 0.0
34 S-II SECOND PLANE SEPARATION 192.3 0.5 30.7 0.0

COMMAND {JETTISON S-IT AFT
INTERSTAGE)
35 LAUNCH ESCAPE TOWER (LET) 197.9 0.4 36.2 -0°2

JETTISON
36 ITERATIVE GUIDANCE MODE (IGM) 204.1 1.5 42.4 0.9

PHASE I INITIATED*
3T S-IT LOX STEP PRESSURIZATION 261.6 IO0.O 0.0
38 S-II CENTER ENGINE CUTOFF 460.6 299.0 0°0

(CECO)
39 S-II LH2 STEP PRESSURIZATION 461.6 0.5 300°0 O.O
40 GUIDANCE SENSED TIME TO BEGIN 494.8 6.0 333.2 5.5

EMR SHIFT (IGM PHASE 2 INI-
TIATED & START OF ARTIFI-
CIAL TAU MODE)*
41 S-IT LOW ENGINE MIXTURE RATIO 498.0 336.3

(EMR) SHIFT (ACTUAL)
42 END OF ARTIFICIAL TAU MODE * 504.2 342.5
43 S-IT OUTBOARD ENGINE CUTOFF 548.22 386.56

{OECO)
44 S-I[ ENGINE CUTOFF INTERRUPTt 548.2 -3.5 0.0 0°0

START OF TIME BASE 4 (I4)
{START OF IGM PHASE 3)

computation cycles.
2-5
Table 2-2 Significant Event Times Summary (Continued)

EVENT DESCRIPTICN ACTUAL ACT-PRED ACTUAL ACT-PRED
SEC SEC SEC SEC
45 S-IVB ULLAGE MOTOR IGNITION 0.7 0.0
46 S-II/S-IVB SEPARATION COMMAND 0.8 0.0

TO FIRE SEPARATION DEVICES
AND RETRO MOTORS
47 S-IVB ENGINE START COMMAND 549.2 -3.4 1.0 0.0

(FIRST ESC)
48 FUEL CHILLDDWN PUMP CFF 550.4 -3.5 2.2 0.0
49 S-IVB IGNITION (STDV OPEN) 552.2 -3.5 4.0 0.0
50 S-IVB PAINSTAGE 554.7 -3.5 6.5 0.0
51 START UF ARTIFICIAL TAU MODE* 555.6 -5.7 7.3 -2.3
52 S-IVB ULLAGE CASE JETTISON 561.0 -3.4 12.8 O.O
53 END OF ARTIFIEIAL TAU MODE * 562.4 -8.9 14.2 -5.4
54 BEGIN TERMINAL GUIDANCE* 665.2 -0.3 I16.9 3.0
55 END IGM PHASE 3 * 691.6 -0.2 143.4 3.3
56 _EGIN CHI FREEZE * 691.6 -0.2 143.4 3.3
57 S-IVB VELOCITY CUTOFF COMMAND 699.34 -0.15 -0.23 -0;03

(FIRST GUIDANCE CUTOFF)
(FIRST ECO)
58 S-IVB ENGINE CUTOFF INTERRUPT, 699.6 -0.1 0.0 0°0

START OF TIME BASE 5 (I5)
59 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. L 699.8 -0.2 0.3 0.0

IGNITION CCMMAND
60 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. 2 699.9 -0.2 0.4 O.O

IGNITION COMMAND
61 LOX TANK PRESSURIZATICN OFF 700.7 -0.2 1.2 0.0
62 PARKING ORBIT INSERTION 709.34 -0.15 9.77 -0.04
63 BEGIN MANEUVER TO LOCAL 719.3 -0.5 19.8 -0.3

HORIZONTAL ATTITUDE *
64 S-IVB LH2 CONTINUOUS VENT 758.5 -0.2 59.0 0.0

SYSTEM {CVS) ON
65 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. I 786.5 -0.2 87.0 0.0

CUTOFF COMMAND
66 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. 2 786.6 -0.2 87.1 0.0
CUTOFF COMMAND
67 FIRST ORBITAL NAVIGATION 801.1 0.8 101.5 0.9
CALCULATIONS*

computation cycles
2-6
RANGE TIME TIME FROM BA_E

EVENT DESCRIPTION ACTUAL ACT-PRED ACTUAL AC T-PRED
SEC SEC SEC SEC
68 BEGIN S-IVB RESTART PREPARA- 9278.2 0.9 O.O 0.0

TIONS, START OF TIME BASE 6
(T6)
69 S-IVB 02/H2 BURNER LH2 ON 9319.5 0.9 41.3 0.0
70 S-IVB 02/H2 BURNER EXCITERS ON 9319.8 0.9 41.6 O.O
71 S-IVB 02/H2 BURNER LOX ON 9320.2 0.9 42.0 0.0

(HELIUM HEATER ON)
72 S-IVB LH2 VENT OFF (CVS OFF) 9320.4 0.9 62.2 0.0
73 S-IVB LH2 REPRESSURIZATION 9326.3 0.9 48.1 0.0

CONTROL VALVE ON
74 S-IVB LOX REPRESSURIZATION 9326.5 0.9 48.3 0.0

CONTROL VALVE ON
75 S-IVB AUX HYDRAULIC PUMP 9497.2 0.9 21q.0 0.0

FLIGHT MODE ON
76 S-IVB LOX CHILLDOWN PUMP ON 9527.2 0.9 249.0 0.0
77 S-IVB LH2 CHILLDOWN PUMP ON 9532.2 0.9 254.0 0.0
78 S-IVB PREVALVES CLOSED 9537.2 0.9 259.0 0.0
79 S-IVB PU MIXTURE RATIO 4.5 ON 9728.3 0.9 450.I 0.0
80 S-lVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. I 9774.5 0.9 496.3 O.O

IGNITION COMMAND
81 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. 2 9774.6 0.9 496.4 0.O

IGNITION COMMAND
82 S-IVB 02/H2 BURNER LH2 OFF 9775.0 0.9 496.8 0.0

(HELIUM HEATER OFF)
83 S-IVB 021H2 BURNER L0X OFF 9779.5 0.9 501.3 0.0
84 S-IVB LH2 CHILLDOWN PUMP OFF 9847.6 0.9 569.4 0.0
85 S-IVB LOX CHILLDOWN PUMP OFF 9847.8 0.9 569.6 O.O
86 S-IVB ENGINE RESTART COMMAND 9848.2 0.9 570.0 o.o

(FUEL LEAD INITIATION)
(SECCND ESC)
87 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. I 9851.2 0.9 573.0 O.O

CUTOFF COMMAND
88 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. 2 9851.3 0.9 573.1 0.0

CUTOFF COMMAND
89 S-IVB SECOND IGNITION (STDV R856.2 0.7 578.0 -0.2

OPEN)
2-7

EVENT DESCRIPTION ACTUAL ACT-PRED ACTUAL ACT-PRED
SEC SEC SEC SEC
90 S-IVB MAINSTAGE 9858.7 580.5 -0.2
91 ENGINE MIXTURE RATIO (EMR) 9974.4 696.2 -1.5

SHIFT
92 S-IV8 LH2 STEP PRESSURIZATION 10128.2 0.9 850.0 0.0

(SECOND BURN RELAY OFF)
93 BEGIN TERMINAL GUIDANCE* 10174.5 -0.5 896.3 -I .4
94 BEGIN CHI FREEZE * 10201.9 0.6 923.7 -0.3
95 S-IVB SECOND GUIDANCE CUTOFF 10203.07 -I.0 -0.26 -0.06

COMMAND (SECOND ECO)
96 S-IVB ENGINE CUTOFF INTERRUPTv 10203.3 -I.0 0.0 0.0

START OF TIME BASE 7
97 LH2 VENT ON COMMAND 10203.8 -I.0 0.0
98 IRANSLUNAR INJECTION 10213.07 -l.O -0.05
99 BEGIN MANEUVER TO LOCAL 10223.0 -2.8 19.7 -I.8

HORIZONTAL ATTITUDE *
I00 FIRST ORBITAL NAVIGATION 10223.9 -1.9 20.6 -0.9

CALCULATIONS*
101 LH2 VENT OFF COMMAND 11103.1 0.0
102 BEGIN MANEUVER TO TRANSPOSI- 11103.9 0.6

TION AND DOCKING ATTITUDE
{TD&E)*
103 CSM SEPARATICN 11723.0 18.7 1519.7 19.7
12243.7 109.3 2040.4 llO.k

104 CSM DOCK
105 SC/LV FINAL SEPARATION 15423.0 418.6 5219.7 419.7
106 START OF TIME BASE 8 (18) 17467.6 63.2 O.O 0.0
107 INITIATE MANEUVER TO SLINGSHOT 17467.6 63.3 0.0 0.0

ATTITUDE *
17468.0 63.3 0.4 0.0

I08 S-IV8 LH2 VENT ON ICVS ON)
18187.6 63.3 720.0 0.0

109 BEGIN LOX DUMP
110 END LOX DUMP 18295.8 63.3 828.2 0.0
111 H2 NCNPROPULSIVE VENT {NPV) ON 19500.6 63.1 2032.9 -0.1
20267.6 63.3 2800.0 0.0

112 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. I
IGNITION COMMAND
20267.8 63.5 2800.2 0.0

113 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. 2
IGNITION COMMAND

computation cycles.
2-8
RANG E TIME TIME FRCM BASE

EVENT DESCRIPTICN ACTUAL ACT-PRED ACTUAL ACT-PRED
SEC SEC SEC SEC
Z14 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NC. I 20547.6 63.3 3080.0 0.0
CUTOFF COMMAND
115 S-IVB APS ULLAGE ENGINE NO. 2 20547.8 63.5 3080.2 0.O
CUTOFF COMMAND
II_ INITIATE MANEUVER TC COMMUNI- 20568.8 64.5 3101.1 I.I

CATICNS ATTITUDE
2-9
Table 2-3. Variable Time and CommandedSwitch Selector Events

FUNCTION STAGE REMARKS
(SEC) (SEC)
Water Coolant Valve Open IU 181.0 T3 +19.4 LVDC Function
High (5.5) Engine Mixture S-II 495.8 T3 +334.1 LVDC Function

Ratio Off
Low (4.5) Engine Mixture S-II 496.0 T3 +334.3 LVDC Function

Ratio On
Water Coolant Valve Closed IU 783.2 T5 +83.7 LVDC Function
TM Calibrate On S-IVB 1057.7 T5 +358.1 CYI Rev 1
TM Calibrate Off S-IVB 1058.7 T5 +359.1 CYI Rev 1
Water Coolant Valve Close IU 3186.9 T5 +2487.4 LVDC Function
Telemetry Calibrator IU 3201.3 T5 +2501.8 CRO Rev 1

Inflight Calibrate On
TM Calibrate On S-lVB 3201.7 T5 +2502.2 CRO Rev 1
TM Calibrate Off S-IVB 3202.7 T5 +2503.2 CRO Rev 1

Inflight Calibrate Off
TM Calibrate Off S-IVB 3642.6 T5 +2943.1 HSK Rev 1
Telemetry Calibrator IU 3646.2 T5 +2946,7 HSK Rev 1

Telemetry Calibrator IU 5369.2 T5 +4669.7 GYM Rev 1

TM Calibrate On S-IVB 5369.6 T5 +4670.1 GYM Rev 1
TM Calibrate Off S-IVB 5370.6 T5 +4671.1 GYM Rev 1
Telemetry Calibrator IU 5374.2 T5 +4674.7 GYM Rev 1

Telemetry Calibrator IU 7825.2 T5 +7125.7 TAN Rev 1

TM Calibrate On S-IVB 7825.6 T5 +7126.1 TAN Rev 1
TM Calibrate Off S-IVB 7826.6 T5 +7127.1 TAN Rev 1
Telemetry Calibrator IU 7830.2 T5 +7130.7 TAN Rev 1

2-10
Table 2-3. Variable Time and CommandedSwitch Selector Events (Continued)

FUNCTION STAGE (SEC) (SEC) REMARKS

TM Calibrate On S-IVB 8793.7 T5 +8094.2 CRO Rev 2
TM Calibrate Off S-IVB 8794.7 T5 +8095.2 CRO Rev 2

Telemetry Calibrator IU 9678.4 T6 +400.2 ARIA No. 3 Rev 2

TM Calibrate On S-IVB 9678.6 T6 +400.4 ARIA No. 3 Rev 2
TM Calibrate Off S-IVB 9679.6 T6 +401.4 ARIA No. 3 Rev 2
Telemetry Calibrator IU 9683.4 T6 +405.2 ARIA No. 3 Rev 2

Water Coolant Valve Open IU 13,409.5 T7 +3206.1 LVDC Function
Water Coolant Valve Close IU 13,803.7 T7 +3507.1 LVDC Function
Water Coolant Valve Open IU 17,319.4 T7 +7116.0 LVDC Function
Passivation Enable S-IVB 18,503.5 T8 +1035.8 OCS Command
Engine He Control Valve S-IVB 18,505.0 T8 +1037.3 CCS Command

Open On
TM Calibrate On IU 27,371.9 T8 +9904.0
Acquisition
GYM during by
TLC
TM Calibrate Off IU 27,372.0 T8 +9904.1
Antenna switching times are not available due to noisy telemetry.
2-11/2-12
SECTION3
LAUNCHOPERATIONS
3.1 SUMMARY
The ground systems supporting the AS-506/ApolIo II countdown and launch

performed exceptionally well. Several systems experienced component
failures and malfunctions which required corrective actions, but all re-
pairs were accomplished in parallel with the scheduled countdown opera-
tions. No unscheduled holds were incurred. Propellant tanking was
accomplished satisfactorily. The start of S-II LH2 loading was delayed
25 minutes due to a communications problem in the Pad Terminal Connection
Room(PTCR). However, this delay time was recovered during the scheduled
hold at -3 hours 30 minutes. Launch occurred at 09:32:00 Eastern Daylight
Time (EDT), July 16, 1969, from Pad 39A of the Saturn Complex. Damage
to the pad, Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) and support equipment was minor.
3.2 PRELAUNCH
MILESTONES
A chronological summary of events and preparations leading to the launch

of AS-506 is contained in Table 3-I.
3.3 COUNTDOWN
EVENTS
The AS-506/Apollo II terminal countdown was picked up at -28 hours on

July 14, 1969 at 17:00:00 EDT. Scheduled holds of II hours duration at
-9 hours in the count, and 1 hour 32 minutes duration at -3 hours 30
minutes, were the only holds initiated. The start of S-II LH2 loading
was delayed 25 minutes due to a communications problem in the PTCR. How-
ever, this time was recovered during the hold at -3 hours 30 minutes and
Space Vehicle (SV) activities were on schedule when the countdown re-
sumed. Launch occurred at 09:32:00 EDT, July 16, 1969, from Pad 39A of
the Saturn Complex.
3.4 PROPELLANT
LOADING
3.4.1 RP-I Loading
The RP-I system supported the launch countdown satisfactorily. At approxi-

mately -21 hours the Propellant Tanking Control System (PTCS) RP-I level
indication from the propellant monitor program display became erratic.
The problem was traced to a noisy RP-I loading electronics unit. Since
3-I
Table 3-I. AS-506 Prelaunch Milestones
DATE ACTIVITY OREVENT
January 8, 1969 LM-5 Ascent Stage Arrival

January I0, 1969 SLA-14 Arrival
January 12, 1969 LM-5 Descent Stage Arrival
January 15, 1969 CSMQuads Arrival
January 19, 1969 S-IVB-6N Stage Arrival
January 22, 1969 CSM107 Arrival
February 6, 1969 S-II-6 Stage Arrival
February 20, 1969 S-IC-6 Stage Arrival
February 21, 1969 S-IC Erection
February 27, 1969 IU-6 Arrival
March 4, 1969 S-II Erection
March 5, 1969 S-IVB and IU Erections
March 18, 1969 CSMAltitude Test with Prime Crew
March 21, 1969 LM Altitude Test with Prime Crew
March 27, 1969 Launch Vehicle (LV) Propellant Dispersion/
Malfunction Overall Test (OAT)
April 14, 1969 Spacecraft (SC) Erection
May 5, 1969 Space Vehicle (SV) Electrical Mate
May 14, 1969 SV OAT No. 1 (Plugs In)
May 20, 1969 SV Transfer to Complex 39, Pad A
May 22, 1969 MSSTransfer to Pad A
June 6, 1969 SV Flight Readiness Test (FRT) Completed
June 25, 1969 RP-I Loading Completed
July 2, 1969 CDDT(Wet) Completed
July 3, 1969 CDDT(Dry) Completed
July I0, 1969 SV Launch Countdown Started
July 16, 1969 SV Launch on Schedule
3-2
the RP-I level display was not a critical measurement, the disposition
of the electronics unit was "use as is" However, the level indication
was stable during the final 8 hours of countdown.
The RP-I system vent trap closed prematurely during replenish operations
at -13 hours, causing entrapped air to be pumped through the S-IC fuel
tank. There were no serious consequences. The air, which is filtered
to about 50 microns, was immediately vented from the stage. All subse-
quent system functions were normal, and replenishment was completed
sati sfa ctori ly.
3.4.2 LOX Loading
The LOXsystem successfully supported the launch countdown. A premature

closure of the S-II stage LOX tank vents during slow fill to 99 percent
flight mass caused the LOX loading system to revert at about -6 hours
43 minutes. Recovery procedures were initiated, and flow was reestab-
lished at about -6 hours 35 minutes. Launch vehicle loading and replenish
operations were completed without further incident. A procedure change
will be made to prevent cycling of the tank vents prior to reaching the
99 percent value during future cryogenic loadings.
3.4.3 LH2 Loading
The LH2 system supported the launch countdown satisfactorily. A communi-

cations problem in the Radio Frequency-Operational Intercom System (RF-
OIS) caused a delay in the start of S-II LH2 loading of 25 minutes. The
RF-OIS/Pad A fault summary light illuminated at the Launch Control Center
(LCC) during LOX loading. This condition could indicate, as a worse case,
that pad OIS had switched to batteries or less critical, that an OIS
amplifier had switched to secondary. Upon pad entry, an amplifier was
found to have automatically switched to secondary; it was reset manually
in the PTCRand the fault summary light in the LCCwent off.
During LH2 replenish operations at about -3 hours 20 minutes, a leak de-

veloped in the S-IVB stage replenish valve located on LUT level 200.
The LH2 system was drained and purged, and the valve bonnet and packing
gland bolts were retorqued. No further leakage was detected when LH2
loading operations were resumed at about -2 hours. However, to prevent
problem recurrence that could cause countdown delay, the replenish valve
was closed and subsequent S-IVB replenishment accomplished manually using
the main fill valve in the reduced position.
About 7 minutes after liftoff, during automatic line drain and purge
operations, the S-IC liftoff indication was lost causing an LH2 system
revert. Drain and purge operations were completed manually using the
S-II/S-IVB fill line purge valve. Although this is not the normal manual
configuration, a satisfactory purge was obtained. A change in the pro-
pellant system logic is presently being considered which will isolate the
system from external influence onc_ the liftoff signal is received.
3-3
3.4.4 Auxiliary Propulsion System Propellant Loading
Propellant loading of the S-IVB Auxiliary Propulsion System (APS) was

accomplished satisfactorily. Total propellant mass in both modules at
liftoff was 184.3 kilograms (406 Ibm) of Nitrogen Tetroxide (N204) and
114.4 kilograms (252 Ibm) of Monomethyl Hydrazine (MMH).
3.5 S-II INSULATION, PURGEANDLEAK DETECTION
The performance of the S-II stage insulation was highly satisfactory.

Detailed inspection of all external insulation was conducted by opera-
tional television during the countdown and no significant leakage was
detected. The total heat leakage through the insulation to the LH2 was
within specification limits. Satisfactory pressures and flows were
maintained in all purge circuits during countdown. The leak detection
system performed satisfactorily throughout the final countdown and
contaminant gas concentrations remained within acceptable limits at
all times. There were no problems during countdown with the leak de-
tecting selector solenoid valve which presented a minor problem during
Countdown Demonstration Test (CDDT).
3.6 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (GSE)
3.6.1 Ground/Vehicle Interface
Detailed discussion of the GSE will be contained in the Kennedy Space

Center Apollo/Saturn V (AS-506) Ground Systems Evaluation Reports. The
performance of all ground systems was highly satisfactory. Overall
damage to the pad, LUT and support equipment from the blast and flame
impingement was minor. The Holddown Arms (HDA), Tail Service Masts (TSM)
and Service Arms (SA) performed within design limits during the launch
sequence.
The HDA's were released pneumatically at 0.3 second. HDA No. 1 protective
hood did not close and the adjustable head and upper link received some
blast damage. However, damage to the interior of HDA No. 1 was not greater
than to any other arm. Warpage of the HDA protective hoods was negligible.
As on AS-504 launch, the secondary Service Arm Control Switch (SACS)
actuator arm on HDA No. 2 was broken off.
TSM retractions were normal and all protective hoods closed properly.
The RP-I mast cutoff valve in TSM I-2 opened at liftoff, indicating a
loss of valve GN2 control pressure. The cause of pressure loss is being
investigated.
SA systems total retract times to safe angle were within specifications.

Damage to SA systems was slight. Control console door latches were bent
or broken on all SA levels of the LUT; however, provisions incorporated
for AS-506 res.trained the doors and prevented their blowing open as had
a-4
occurred on previous launches. Hydraulic oil leakage from SA No. 2
upper and lower hinge areas was detected during postlaunch inspection
and was observed to have leaked into SA No. I. Investigation will be
conducted to determine the source.
None of the ground/vehicle related problems experienced during launch

preparations had sufficient impact such as to constrain the countdown
operations. All system repairs and remedial actions were accomplished
in parallel with countdown operations. At -13 hours 30 minutes, about
07:31:00 EDT on July 15, 1969, it was discovered that the LCC Data Trans-
mission System (DTS) would not synchronize with the DTS transmitter at
Pad A. Further investigation revealed severe attenuation of transmitted
data. The basic problem was traced to a discrepant patch in the wide-
band video distributor. Satisfactory operation was restored at about
19:00:00 EDT of the same day.
3.6.2 MSFC Furnished Ground Support Equipment
Performance of the mechanical and electrical equipment supporting the

launch operations was satisfactory. Blast damage to the equipment was
considered normal. Minor GSE deviations encountered were as follows:
a, SA No. 1 (S-IC Intertank) umbilical carrier withdrawal time was

approximately 0.06 second greater than the specification maximum
of 5 seconds. Withdrawal time for this carrier under non-cryogenic
conditions, based on the average of results obtained during system
revalidation testing, is approximately 3 seconds. Total SA No. 1
retract time to safe angle was 9.9 seconds, which is within the
specification limit of 10.5 seconds and was about 3.9 seconds be-
fore SA No. 2 retract command. (Failure to achieve SA No. 1 safe
angle prior to time for SA No. 2 retract at -16.2 seconds would
cause cutoff.) Cause of the slow withdrawal has not yet been de-
termined. Slower than specification withdrawal times were also
experienced during the AS-503 and AS-505 launch countdowns. The
withdrawal time for the AS-504 launch, although within specification
limits, was slower than the average obtained during validation test-
ing under non-cryogenic conditions. Investigation is continuing.
b ,
The GH2 dome regulator in the S-II stage pneumatic servicing console
indicated erratic leakage during the -9 hour countdown hold and was
replaced with a spare regulator. The new regulator was not adjusted
to the high side tolerance of the 810 +.10.3 N/cm z (1175 +_15 psia)
setting, as planned. During S-II start tank pressurization, the
low regulator setting resulted in the start tank pressures being
lower than the desired prelaunch values. At the prelaunch commit
point (-33 seconds), S-II Engine No. 1 start tank pressure was
2.8 N/cm 2 (4 psi) below the redline requirement. The countdown was
continued since the Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF) observer
verified that the measurement was not below redline at -45 seconds.
3-5
The regulator pressures will be set to 827 +_10.3 N/cm2 (1200 +15 psia)
for subsequent vehicles and this will alleviate the prelaunch low
pressure conditions.
C,
The S-II LH 2 heat exchanger delta pressure controller mode of con-
trol did not operate properly and the point sensor mode of control
was initiated after the beginning of start tank chilldown. This
mode of operation was utilized throughout the remaining portion of
the countdown. Also, the heat exchanger would not refill properly
during the start tank and thrust chamber chilldown sequences. How-
ever, the liquid level was sufficient to perform the required stage
systems chilldown. The deviation will be investigated.
3.6.3 Camera Coverage
A total of 201 cameras were installed for the AS-506 launch of which 119
were committed to engineering data, and 82 to documentary coverage.
Three cameras failed to acquire data. Upon review of film coverage of
the GSE at launch, the following conditions were observed:
a. S-II stage forward SA umbilical covers did not secure upon SA with-
drawal from the vehicle.
b,
HDA No. 1 protective hood failed to close and the other three HDA
hoods appeared to close late.
3-6
SECTION4
TRAJECTORY
4.1 SUMMARY
The trajectory parameters from launch to Translunar Injection (TLI) were

close to nominal. The vehicle was launched on an azimuth 90 degrees east
of north. A roll maneuver was initiated at 13.2 seconds that placed the
vehicle on a flight azimuth of 72.058 degrees east of north.
The space-fixed velocity at S-IC Outboard Engine Cutoff (OECO)was 8.5 m/s
(27.9 ft/s) greater than nominal. The space-fixed velocity at S-II Out-
board Engine Cutoff was 22.8 m/s (74.8 ft/s) less than nominal. The
space-fixed velocity at S-IVB first guidance cutoff was 0.2 m/s (0.6 ft/s)
less than nominal. The altitude at S-IVB first guidance cutoff was 0.2
kilometer (0.I n mi) lower than nominal and the surface range was 1.7
kilometers (I.0 n mi) less than nominal.
The space-fixed velocity at parking orbit insertion was equal to nominal

and the flight path angle was 0.013 degree greater than nominal. The
eccentricity was 0.00001 less than nominal. The apogee and perigee were
0.5 kilometer (0.3 n mi) and 0.6 kilometer (0.3 n mi) less than nominal,
respectively.
The parameters at translunar injection were also close to nominal. The

eccentricity was 0.00029 greater than nominal, the inclination was 0.004
degree greater than nominal, the node was 0.019 degree lower than nominal,
and C3 was 16,877 m2/s2 (181,663 ft2/s2) greater than nominal. The space-
fixed velocity was 3.2 m/s (10.5 ft/s) greater than nominal and the alti-
tude was 3.1 kilometers (1.6 n mi) less than nominal.
Following Lunar Module (LM) extraction, the vehicle maneuvered to a

slingshot attitude frozen rel_tive to local horizontal. The retrograde
velocity to achieve S-IVB/IU lunar slingshot was accomplished by a LOX
dump, Auxiliary Propulsion System (APS) burn, and LH2 vent The S-IVB/IU
closest approach of 3379 kilometers (1825 n mi) above the iunar surface
occurred at 78.7 hours into the mission.
The actual impact locations for the spent S-ICi and S-II stages were de-
termined by a theoretical free-flight simulation. The surface range for
the S-IC impact point was 0.2 kilometer (0.I n mi) greater than nominal.
The surface range for the S-II impact point was 91.7 kilometers (49.5 n mi)
less than nominal.
4-I
The event times reported in this section reflect the event as seen at the
vehicle in order to enable direct comparison with times in the Guidance
and Navigation section.
4.2 TRACKINGDATAUTILIZATION
4.2.1 Tracking During the Ascent Phase of Flight
Tracking data were obtained during the period from the time of first
motion through parking orbit insertion.
The best estimate trajectory was established by using telemetered guidance

velocities as generating parameters to fit data From five different C-Band
tracking stations. Approximately 30 percent of the various tracking data
was eliminated due to inconsistencies. A comparison of the reconstructed
ascent trajectory with the remaining tracking data yielded good agreement.
The launch phase portion of the trajectory (liftoff to approximately 20
seconds) was established by constraining integrated telemetered guidance
accelerometer data to the early phase of the best estimate trajectory.
4.2.2 Tracking During the Parking Orbit Phase of Flight
Orbital tracking was conducted by the NASAManned Space Flight Network

(MSFN). Eight C-Band radar stations furnished data for use in determining
the parking orbit trajectory. There were also considerable S-Band tracking
data available which were not used due to the abundance of C-Band radar
data.
The parking orbit trajectory was obtained by integrating corrected inser-

tion conditions forward to the S-IVB second burn restart preparation
event. The insertion conditions, as determined by the Orbital Correction
Program (OCP), were obtained by a differential correction procedure which
adjusted the estimated insertion conditions to fit the C-Band radar track-
ing data in accordance with the weights assigned to the data. After all
available C-Band radar tracking data were analyzed, the stations and
passes providing the better quality data were used in the determination
of the insertion conditions.
4.2.3 Tracking During the Injection Phase of Flight
C-Band radar data were obtained from the ship Redstone during the early
portion of the injection phase of flight. These tracking data were found
to be invalid and were not used in the trajectory determination.
The injection trajectory was established by integrating the telemetered

guidance velocity data forward from the restart vector at 9715 seconds
(obtained from the parking orbit trajectory) and constraining the end
point to the TLI vector at 10,213.03 seconds (obtained from the post TLI
trajectory).
4-2
4.2.4 Tracking During the Post Injection Phase of Flight
Tracking data from seven C-Band radar stations furnished data for use in
determining the post TLI trajectory. The available S-Band tracking data
were not used due to the availability of the C-Band radar data.
The post TLI trajectory was obtained by integrating corrected injection

conditions forward to S-IVB/Commandand Service Module (CSM) separation.
The corrected injection conditions were determined by the same method
outlined in paragraph 4.2.2.
4.3 TRAJECTORY
EVALUATION
4.3.1 Ascent Trajectory
The vehicle was launched on an azimuth 90 degrees east of north. A roll

maneuver was initiated at 13.2 seconds that placed the vehicle on a flight
azimuth of 72.058 degrees east of north.
Actual and nominal altitude, surface range, and cross range for the ascent
phase are presented in Figure 4-I. Actual and nominal space-fixed velo-
city and flight path angle during ascent are shown in Figure 4-2.
3000- 240- 1
_ACTUAL
------NOMINAL
S-IC OECO
2500- 200- 1
s-if OECO /
S-IVB FIRST ECO
E 2000-
160-
ALTITUDE_ ._'_ /
== 1500- _120-
p-
)" /
cJ
-_ 1 000- 80-
/ SURFACE RANGE_ //_
// /
500- 40-
/ _ "__4 -_- CROSS RANGE
I i
0_ 0= I
0 lO0 200 300 400 500 600 700 8OO
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 4-I. Ascent Trajectory Position Comparison
4-3
Comparisons of total inertial accelerations are shown in Figure 4-3.
The maximumacceleration during S-IC burn was 3.94 g.
Mach number and dynamic pressure are shown in Figure 4-4. These para-
meters were calculated using meteorological data measured to an altitude
of 56.0 kilometers (30.2 n mi). Above this altitude the measured data
were merged into the U.S. Standard Reference Atmosphere.
32- 9000
_ACTUAL
28- 800( ------ NOMINAL
_7 S-IC OECO
J
_7 S-II OECO
_7 S-IVB FIRST ECO
j_
24- 7000 _ _J
ii ...... /
20- '_ 6O
E
_ SPACE-FIXED
I,.-
VELOCITY
_16- 500
\ ............
/ .................
Z
-i-
,,12" x 40
I'---
"-r- I
,,,_J
LI_.
8-
,t FLIGHT PATH
/
/........ :______
01 I00
/ I
-4- I
0 I00 200 300 400 500 600 700 8OO
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 4-2. Ascent Trajectory Space-Fixed Velocity and

Flight Path Angle Comparisons
4-4
4_
Lll
ACTUAL
-- ---- NOMINAL
S-IC OECO
........... ......... H _ s-iI CECO

......... ........... _ s-iI OECO
_7 S-IVB FIRST ECO
_/ S_7 EMR SHIFT
0
0
_- 2
t,l r_
..J w
I,L ._J
(=3 o
l=
_7
II
7O0 8OO
0 I00 200 300 400 50O 600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 4-3. Ascent Trajectory Acceleration Comparison
Actual and nominal values of parameters at significant trajectory event

times, cutoff events, and separation events are shown in Tables 4-I, 4-2,
and 4-3, respectively.
The free-flight trajectories of the spent S-IC and S-II stages were simu-
lated using initial conditions from the final postflight trajectory. The
simulation was based upon the separation impulses for both stages and
nominal tumbling drag coefficients. No tracking data were available for
verification. Table 4-I presents a comparison of free-flight parameters
to nominal at apex for the S-IC and S-II stages. Table 4-4 presents a
comparison of free-flight parameters to nominal at impact for the S-IC
and S-II stages.
4-5
4.0" 16
A
3.5- 14
--_-- NOMINAL
_'_ _ ACTUAL
3.0- 12
DYNAMIC PRESSURE-_
E
(_}
i
z 2.5"
,
L_
cz')
:::D
(.z)
,, 2.0- Z
i
r-, "-r
Y
f
J
/ -
_: 1.5-
j/
1.0-
MACH NUMBER -_ j,_
0.5-
/ ,-
0 20 40 60 80 I00 120 140 160
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 4-4. Dynamic Pressure and Mach Number Comparisons
4.3.2 Parking Orbit Trajectory
A family of values for the insertion parameters was obtained depending

upon the combination of data used and the weights applied to the data.
The solutions that were considered reasonable had a spread of about +250
meters (+820 ft) in position components and +0.7 m/s (+2.3 ft/s) in velo-
city components. The actual and nominal parking orbit insertion parameters
are presented in Table 4-5. The ground track from insertion to S-IVB/CSM
separation is given in Figure 4-5.
4.3.3 Injection Trajectory
Comparisons between the actual and nominal space-fixed velocity and flight
path angle are shown in Figure 4-6. The actual and nominal total inertial
acceleration comparisons are presented in Figure 4-7. Throughout the
S-IVB second burn phase of flight, the space-fixed velocity and the flight
4-6
Table 4-I. Comparison of Significant Trajectory Events
EVENT PARAMETER ACTUAL NOMINAL ACT-NOM
First Motion Range Time, sec 0.3 0.3 0.0
Total Inertial Acceleration, m/s 2 10.47 10.61 -0.14

(ft/s 2 ) (34.35) (34.81) (-0.46)
(g) (1.07) (i.o8) (-o.oi)
66.3 65.6 0.7
Mach 1 Range Time, sec
Altitude, km 7.8 7.6 0.2

(n mi) (4.2) (4.1) (O.l)
83.0 81.3 1.7

Maximum Dynamic Pressure Range Time, sec
Dynamic Pressure, N/cm 2 3.52 3.47 0.05

(Ibf/ft 2 ) (735.2) (724.7) (10.5)
13.6 12.9 0.7

Altitude, km
(n mi) (7.3) (7.0) (0.3)
Maximum Total Inertial

161.7 160.3 1.4
Acceleration: S-IC Range Time, sec
Acceleration, m/s2 38.61 38.13 0.48

(ft/s z ) (126.67) (125.I0) (1 .57)
(g) (3.94) (3.89) (0.05)
460.70 460.26 0.44
S-ll Range Time, sec
Acceleration, m/s 2 17.84 17.99 -0.15
(ft/s 2 ) (58.53) (59.02) (-0.49)

(g) (1.82) (l .83) (-o.oi)
699.41 699.57 -0.16
S-IVB 1st Burn Range Time, sec
Acceleration, m/s 2 6.73 6.66 0.07

(ft/s 2 ) (22.08) (2l .85 (0.23)
(9) (0.69) (0.68) (o.oi)
10,203.11 I0,204.14 -I.03
S-IVB 2nd Burn Range Time, sec
Acceleration, m/s 2 14.23 14.17 0.06

(ft/s 2 ) (46.69) (46.49) (0.20)
(1.45) (I .44) (O.Ol)
(g)
Maximum Earth-Fixed
162.3 161.6 0.7
Velocity: S-IC Range Time, sec
2,402.7 2 _397.0 5.7

Velocity, m/s
(7,882.9) (7,864.2) (18.7)
(ft/s)
549.00 552.52 -3.52

S-ll Range Time, sec
6,515.7 6,538.8 -23.1

Velocity, m/s
(21,377.0) (21 ,452.8) (-75.8)
(ft/s)
709.33 709.49 -o.16

S-IVB Ist Burn Range Time, sec
7,389.5 7,389.6 -O.l

Velocity, m/s
(24,243.8) (24,244.1) (-0.3)
(ft/s)
10,203.50 I0,204.46 -0.96

S-IVB 2nd Burn Range Time, sec
10,433.2 I0,430.2 3.0

Velocity, m/s
(34,229.7) (34,219.8 (9.9)
(ft/s)
269.1 270.4 -I .3
Apex: S-IC Stage Range Time, sec
115.0 117.3 -2.3

Altitude, km
(62.1 (63.3) (-I .2)
(n mi)
327.4 326.9 0.5

Surface Range, km
(176.8) (176.5) (O.3)
(n mi)
587.0 593.7 -6.7

S-II Stage Range Time, sec
188.8 189.7 -0.9

Altitude, km
(lOl .9) (102.4) (-0.5)
(n mi)
1 ,862.9 1,906.6 -43.7

Surface Range, km
(I,029.5) (-23.6)
(n mY) (1,005.9)
4-7
Table 4-2. Comparison of Cutoff Events
I
PARAMETER ACTUAL NOM
NOt41 NALIAC [ ACTUAl NOMINAL ACT-NOM
S-IC CECO (ENGINE SOLENOID)

S-IC OECO (ENGINE SOLENOID)
Range Time, sec 135.2 135.3 -0.1 ]61.6 161 .I 0.5
Altitude, km 44.0 44.( -0.6 6 6.1 66.7 -0.6

(n mi) (23.8 (24.1) (-0.3) (35.7) (36.0 (-0.3)
Surface Range, km 46.4 46.3 0.I 93.6 92.2 1 .4

(n mi) (25.1) (25.0) (0.1) (50.5) (49.8 (0.7)
Space-Fixed Velocity, m/s 1 ,979.0 1 ,989.8 -10.8 2,764. 2,765.6 8.5

(ft/s (6,492.8) (6,528.2) (-35.4) (9,068.6) (9,040.7) (27.9)
Flight Path Angle, deg 22.957 23.406 -0.449 19.114 19.635 -0.521
Heading Angle, deg 76.315 76.132 0.183 75.439 75.269i 0.170
Cross Range, km 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.5

(n mi) (0.1) (0.3
(0.0) (0.1)i (0.0) (O.3)
Cross Range Velocity, m/s 5.4 -0.2 5.6 12.6 4.3 8.3
(it/s) (17.7) (-0.7) (18.4) (41 .3), (14.1) (27.2)
S-II CECO (ENGINE SOLENOID) S-II OECO (ENGINE SOLENOID)
Range Time, sec 460.6 460.1 O.5 548.2 551.7 -3.5
Altitude, km 180.2 181 . -0.9 187.3 188.0 -0.7

(n mi) (97.3) (97.8 (-0.5 (101.1) (101.5) (-0.4)
Surface Range, km 1 ,114.3, 1,112.5 1 .8 1,617.0 1,640.8 -23.8

(n mi) (601 .7) (600.7 (1.0 (873.1) (886.o (-12.9)
Space-Fixed Velocity, m/s 5,707.5i 5,724.0 -16.5 6,91_.I 6,938.9 -22.8

(it/s) (18,725.4) (18,779.5 (-54.1 (22,69h.6) (22,765.4 (-74.8)
Flight Path Angle, deg 0.897 0.772 0.125 0.608 o.661 -0.053
Heading Angle, deg 79.646 79.658 -0.012 82.389 82.529 -0.140
Cross Range, km 15.0 13.6 1.4 27.4 26.8 0.6

(n mi) (8.1) (7.3) (0.8) (14.8) (14.5) (0.3)
Cross Range Velocity, m/s 111.9 114.5 -2.6 174,1 176.9 -2.8
(ft/s) (367.1) (375.7) (-8.6) (571.2) (58o.4) (-9.2)
S-IVB IST GUIDANCE CUTOFF SIGNAL S-IVB 2ND GUIDANCE CUTOFF SIGNAL
Range Time, sec 699.3 699.5 i -0.2 10,203.0 10,204.1 -].I
Altitude, km 191 .I 191.3 -0.2 320.9 323.8 -2.9

(n mi) (103.2) (103.3) (-0.]) (173.3 (174.8) (-I .5)
Surface Range, km 2,634.0 2,635.7 -1.7

(n mi) (1,422.2) (1,423.2) (-1.O)
Space-Fixed Velocity, m/s 7,791.2 7,791.4 -0.2 10,841.0 10,838.7 2.3

(it/s) (25,561.7) 25,562.3) (-0.6) (35,567.6 (35,560.0) (7.6)
Flight Path Angle, deg 0.015 -0.002 0.017 6.913 6.959 -0.046
Heading Angle, deg 88.416 88.419 -0.003 59.934 59.945 -0.011
Cross Range, km 60.9 59.8 I.I

(n mi) (32.9) (32.3) (0.6)
Cross Range Velocity, m/s 274.3 273.3 1.0

(it/s) (899.9) (896.7) (3.2)
Eccentricity 0.975371 0.97542 -0.00005
C3" , m2/s 2 -1,487,528 -1,484,138 -3,390

(ft2/s 2 ) (-16,011,618) (-15,975,128) (-36,490)
Inclination, deg 31.386 31.381 0.005
Descending Node, deg 121.850 121.867 -0.017
* C 3 is twice the specific energy of orbit
C3 = V2 . _L
R
where V = Inertial Velocity

IJ :: Gravitatinnal Constant
R :, Radius vector from center of earth
4-8
Table 4-3. Comparison of Separation Events
PARAMETER ACTUAL NOM I NAL ACT-NOM
S-IC'S-II SEPARATION
Range Time, sec 162.3 161.8 0.5
Altitude, km 66.7 67.4 -0.7

(n mi) (36.0) (36.4) (-0.4)
Surface Range, km 95.1 93.7 1.4

(n mi) (51.3) (5O.6) (0.7)
Space-Fixed Velocity, m/s 2,773.9 2,765.4 8.5

(ft/s) (9,100.7) (9,072.8) (27.9)
Flight Path Angle, deg 19.020 19.533 -0.513
Heading Angle, deg 75.436 75.266 0.170
Cross Range, km 0.5 0.0 0.5

(n mi) (O.3) (0.0) (0.3)
Cross Range Velocity, m/s 12.8 4.4 8.4

(ft/s) (42.0) (14.4) (27.6)
Geodetic Latitude, deg N 28.865 28.865 0.000
Longitude, deg E -79.676 -79.691 0.015
S-II/S-IVB SEPARATION
549.0 552.4 -3.4

Range Time, sec
Altitude, km 187.4 188.1 -0.7

(n mi) (101 .2) (I01.6) (-0.4)
Surface Range, km 1 ,623.4 1 ,645.9 -2_.5

(n mi) (876.6) (888.7) (-12.1)
Space-Fixed Velocity, m/s 6,918.8 6,941 .9 -23.1

(ft/s) (22,699.5) (22,775.3) (-75.8)
Flight Path Angle, deg 0.611 0.653 -0.042
82.426 82.610 -0.184

Heading Angle, deg
27.5 27.0 0.5

Cross Range, km
(n mi) (14.8) (14.6) (O.2)
174.7 177.3 -2.6

Cross Range Velocity, m/s
(ft/s) (573.2) (581.7) (-8.5)
31.883 31.921 -0.O38

Geodetic Latitude, deg N
-64.147 -63.913 -0.234

Longitude, deg E
S-IVB/CSM SEPARATION
11,723 11,704 19
Range Time, sec
7,065.7 6,963.2 102.5

Altitude, km
(n mi) (3,815.2) (3,759.8) (55.4)
Space-Fixed Velocity, m/s 7,608.6 7,637.6 -29.0

(ft/s) " (24,962.6) (25,057.7) (-95.1)
45.148 44.922 0.226

Flight Path Angle, deg
93.758 93.449 0.309

Heading Angle, deg
31.246 31.275 -0.029

Geodetic Latitude, deg N
-90.622 -91.105 0.483

Longitude, deg E
4-9
Table 4-4. Stage Impact Location
i
PARAMETER ACTUAL NOMINAL ACT-NOM
S-IC STAGE IMPACT
Range Time, sec 543.7 546.1 -2.4
Surface Range, km 661 .4 661 .2 0.2

(n mi) (357.1) (357.0) (O.l)
Cross Range, km 8.8 6.3 2.5

(n mi) (4.8) (3.4) (l .4)
Geodetic Latitude, deg N 30.212 30.232 -0.020
Longitude, deg E -74.038 -74.047 0.009
S-II STAGE IMPACT
Range Time, sec 1 ,213.7 1,226.8 -13.1
Surface Range, km 4392.5 4484.2 -91 .7

(n mi) (2371.8) (2421.3) (-49.5)
Cross Range, km 143.0 147.0

(n mi) (77.2) (79.4)
Geodetic Latitude, deg N 31 .535 31.403 0.132
-34.844 -33.892 -0.952

Longitude, deg E
path angle were close to nominal with deviations more noticeable towards
the end of the time period.
The trajectory and targeting parameters at S-IVB second guidance cutoff

and TLI are presented in Tables 4-2 and 4-6, respectively.
4.3.4 Post TLI Trajectory
A family of values for the injection parameters was obtained depending on

the combination of data used and the weights applied to the data. The
solutions that were considered reasonable had a spread of about ±500
meters (±1640 ft) in position components and ±I.0 m/s (±3.3 ft/s) in
velocity components. A comparison of the actual and nominal S-IVB/CSM
separation conditions is presented in Table 4-3.
4-10
Table 4-5. Parking Orbit Insertion Conditions
PARAMETER ACTUAL NOMINAL ACT-NOM
Range Time, sec 7O9.3 709.5 -0.2
Altitude, km 191 .I 191 .3 -0.2

(n mi) (103.2) (103.3) (-O.l)
Space-Fixed Velocity, m/s 7793.1 7793.1 0.0

(ft/s) (25,567.9) (25,567.9) (0.0)
Flight Path Angle, deg 0.012 -0.001 0.013
Heading Angle, deg 88.848 88.854 -0.006
Inclination, deg 32.521 32.531 -0.010
Descending Node, deg 123.088 123.100 -0.012
Eccentri city 0.00021 0.00022 -0.00001
Apogee*, km 186.0 186.5 -0.5

(n mi) (100.4) (100.7) (-0.3.)
Perigee*, km 183.2 183.8 -0.6

(n mi) (98.9) (99.2) (-O.3)
Period, min 88.18 88.20 -0.02
Geodetic Latitude, deg N 32.672 32.683 -0.011
Longitude, deg E -52.694 -52.671 -0.023
* Based
(3443.934 OnnamSP.
herii_ cal earth of radius 6378.165 km
4.3.5 S-IVB/IU Post Separation Trajectory
After final LM separation, the S-IVB/IU was placed on a lunar slingshot

trajectory. This trajectory was accomplished by slowing down the S-IVB/IU
to make it pass by the trailing edge of the moon and obtain sufficient
energy to continue to a solar orbit. This was accomplished by a combina-
tion of 108-second LOX dump, 280-second APS burn, and LH 2 vent. A time
history of the velocity increase along the vehicle longitudinal axis for
the slingshot maneuver is presented in Figure 4-8. Table 4-7 presents a
comparison of the actual and nominal velocity increase due to the various
4-11
C) FIRST REVOLUTION
(_) SECOND REVOLUTION
L 2C ,-_ / REIGNITION I/'"I"_

4_
I
,..=I
0 20 40 60 80 I00 120 140 160 180 160 140 120 I00 80 60 40 20
LONGITUDE, deg
Figure 4-5. Ground Track

16- 1
14-
_ACTUAL
------NOMINAL
S-IVB ENG NE IGNITION
/
v
(STDV OPEN)
12-
TRANSLUNAR INJECTION
I0- A
..J
,2
b.- SPACE-FIXED
VELOCITY
!
/
CD
Z
6-- ×
/ I
I
!
.--J
t
! /
c_J
/ /
/
2-
/ FLIGHT
ANGLE
_ATH
Z J
0= J
/
0 I00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 I000
TIME FROM T6, SECONDS
I I I I I
02:35:00 02:38:00 02:41:00 02:44:00 02:47:00 02:50:00
Figure 4-6. Injection Phase Space-Fixed Velocity and

Flight Path Angle Comparisons
1
1.6-
1.4
ACTUAL
------ NOMINAL
_7 S-IVB ENGINE IGNITION

I .2 _
_7 EMR SHIFT
_7 TRANSLUNAR
INJECTION
_I.0-
E
z
0 Z !
0
H
I
<_0.8-- 1--
L_J
.J
L_ ...1
£.) Lu
4:= £.)
I (.)
0.6-
4_
0.4 _
0.2_
O_
I00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 lO00
TIME FROM T6, SECONDS
I IV
02:35:00 02:38:00 02:41:00 02:44:00 02:47:00 02:50:00
Fi gure 4-7. Injection Phase Acceleration Comparison

0
0 0
0 °.
! .. 0
I
! 0
I r_
I 0
0
I C_J
c,'3 0
C) C"
o.
Z
bO
.o
0
"--4...,. 0 I_r) °r--
_Z 0
O,J o
I I--_"
I _0 I
I
I
I
I
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0
c'J c/3
r'_
o.
Z
0
or)
r0
t-
°t--
-o
Z
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°. z_
I °r--
I---
I {:7)
I a 0 Z 0
l O0
I.--
o --I
°.
l .o w
o. r,_
0 0
0 0
%
_0 __
Z '-r-
r--
I,I
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0 0
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r 0 ..C:
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0
.ti
r'--"
0 c_
CO
0
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0 I
I
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LJ--
0
0
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0 ',,0 o,,I O0 ¢'J O0
i,,--
s/m '39NVHD A±IDOI3A 0

C)
z sr
'--" e") • ¢'1 • 0 0 0 (3 0 CO _)
i I I P- 0 " " " 0 "
I--- Z
I ,-- _ 0 0 0 0 _,D " I
(J v v I I I ¶ p p 40 I-- _ 0 N
0 CO
(.-
I.-,,.
(P v
u_ r-- I.'1 ,,'_ P'- ,."_ N (_ O_ tO r',, el- ,--, O ..J

¢-- • N -r-- ,-- 00 r-,, _) _ cO t,O E
O
_J m_" I',. • r-- • _" 0 ¢") CO _0 _" O_ 1---4 Z _--- - _ (M • t")
,p-
4J _: f'l e'l P(M ,--I_ ,--
• r-- Z ("J ¢_(:0 0¢) ¢") r'.- 0 _ ,-- _ CO '-
0t- 0
c- 's- z v
p--
o 0
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c- • ,-- -CO -,_I" "0

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_) • r-- • i'M P-. •
,r--
Q_ I-- ur) t,') (M

o > v v v
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,r-)
c'- -J
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4-)
c- o
c-- 4-) _--. %
'-a ch
c_ Q; "" E_
c- e_ .i-)
,t- ..q-
S. E
u Q_
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O
I >_
4-) O_ c-
-q- _) O :h _n
_'-,-" "0 0') I--
Iu
,r--
u i/I _ E .It
r_
u
I--- P" -_..lla -_ .ll-!
o I-- c
,,y 0 Q
C_)
I--
P" I_. t=: 0 0
E ,-- " Z >_ A
N E L
i= =1 =_ E
¢1 -.-., Q; E 0 0"1 -1,... N I/1
i 0
E " X ¢1 _ .,- e- {j Ul "-.
=l x _ E c,;
I.-- "CI I.i. 4._
:3 I 4;
JE .P -,-- (1) E r_ .,J
•_" m O {n U " I.-- O

P- e.I E Q; U ¢_) ._1
Ia.. "I" _ O I._ U
phases of the maneuver. The major error contribution in total velocity
increase is due to the resulting 7.3 m/s (24.0 ft/s) from the Continuous
Vent System (CVS) as compared to 3.5 m/s (11.5 ft/s) for the predicted
value. Figure 4-9 presents the resultant conditions for various velocity
increases at the given attitude of the vehicle for the maneuver.
The S-IVB/IU closest approach of 3379 kilometers (1825 n mi) above the
lunar surface occurred at 78.7 hours into the mission. The trajectory
parameters were obtained by integrating forward a vector (furnished by
Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) which was obtained from Unified S-Band
(USB) tracking data during the active lifetime of the S-IVB/IU. The actual
and nominal conditions at closest approach are presented in Table 4-8.
Figure 4-10 illustrates the influence of the moon on the S-IVB/IU energy
(velocity) relative to the earth, particularly as the spent stage passes
through the lunar sphere of influence. Some of the heliocentric orbit
parameters of the S-IVB/IU are presented in Table 4-9. The same para-
meters for the earths orbit are also presented for comparison.
4-17
ATTITUDE (LOCAL HORIZONTAL REFERENCE SYSTEM)
218 ° PITCH
0° YAW
170 ° ROLL
EARTH LUNAR EARTH-MOON EARTH

CAPTURE IMPACT ESCAPE CAPTURE
0 5 I0 15 20 25 35
VELOCITY CHANGE, m/s NOMINAL ACTUAL

(31 .5) (36.3)
Figure 4-9. Trajectory Conditions Resulting from Slingshot

Maneuver Velocity Increments
4TH DAY
2,4"
I 5TH_ DAY
I 16TH DAY 10TH DAY 21 ST DA_
LUNAR I 1 !i I
I I
2o12/il E.co0,TERI I
I
1.6
1 I
I I I
t l I
_- 30 I
1.2=
I
_.1
I
48 HR I
O.
72 HR
0.4-
0,0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 l .0 1 .2 1 .4 1 .6 1 .8
DISTANCE (EARTH-VEHICLE), 106 km
Figure 4-10. S-IVB/IU Velocity Relative to Earth Distance
4-18
Table 4-8. Comparison of Lunar Closest Approach Parameters
PARAMETER ACTUAL NQMINAL ACT-NOM
Lunar Radius, km 5117 370O 1417

(n mi) (2763) (1998) (765)
Altitude Above Lunar Surface, km 3379 1962 1417

(n mi) (1825) (I059) (765)
Range Time, hr 78.7 78.4 0.3
Velocity Increase Relative to

Earth from Lunar Encounter, km/s 0.680 0.860 •-0.180
(n mi/s) (0.367) (0.464) (-0.097)
Table 4-9. Heliocentric Orbit Parameters
PARAMETER S-IVB/IU EARTH
Semimajor Axis, lO 6 km 143.08 149.00

(lO 6 n mi) (77.26) (80.45)
Aphelion, lO 6 km 151 .86 151 .15

(lO 6 n mi) (82.00) (81 .61)
Perihelion, 106 km 134.30 146.84

(lO 6 n mi) (72.52) (79,29)
Inclination,* deg 0.3836 0.0000
Period, days 342 365
* Measured with respect to the ecliptic.
4-19/4-20
SECTION5
S-IC PROPULSION
5.1 SUMMARY
All S-IC propulsion systems performed satisfactorily and the propulsion

performance level was very close to nominal. Stage site thrust (averaged
from liftoff to Outboard Engine Cutoff [OECO]) was 0.62 percent lower than
predicted. Total propellant consumption rate was 0.40 percent lower than
predicted with the total consumed Mixture Ratio (MR) 0.I0 percent lower
than predicted. Specific impulse was 0.16 percent lower than predicted.
Total propellant consumption from Holddown Arm (HDA) release to OECOwas
low by 1.12 percent.
Center Engine Cutoff (CECO)was initiated by the Instrument Unit (IU) at
135.20 seconds as planned. OECO, initiated by LOX low level sensors,
occurred at 161.63 seconds which was 0.55 second later than predicted.
This is a small difference compared to the predicted 3-sigma limits
of +_3.74 seconds. The LOX residual at OECOwas 18,041 kilograms (39,772
Ibm) compared to the predicted 18,177 kilograms (40,074 Ibm). The fuel
residual at OECOwas 13,954 kilograms (30,763 Ibm) compared to the pre-
dicted 14,354 kilograms (31,645 Ibm).
5.2 S-IC IGNITION TRANSIENTPERFORMANCE
The fuel pump inlet preignition pressure was 31.6 N/cm2 (45.9 psia) and
within F-I Engine Model Specification limits of 30.0 to 75.8 N/cmL (43.5
to II0 psia). The fuel pump inlet preignition temperatures were not
available since these measurements were deleted from the S-IC-6 and
subsequent stages.
The LOX pump inlet preignition pressure and temperature were 58.5 N/cm2
(84.8 psia) and 96.1°K (-286.7°F) and were within the F-I Engine Model
Specification limits as shown in Figure 5-I.
Engine startup sequence was nominal. A I-2-2 start was planned and
attained. Engine position starting order was 5, I-3, 4-2. Two engines
are considered to start together if their combustion chamber pressures
reach 68.9 N/cm2 (I00 psig) in a lO0-millisecond time period.
5-I
LOX PUMP INLET PRESSURE, psia
60 8O I00 120 140 160 180
110
-265
106
PREDI CTED-
--STARTING
o REGION
-275
1o2 F-- ....... I o
I
ACTUAL I
= I!
96.1°K (-286.7°F I
:EZ 58.5 N/cm2 (84.8 psia)
i,i I
_- 98 I
I I -285
I I L
I I
9 _ I I
x
o
__1
[ I -295
i
90":
..... "_ ACCFPTABLE

STARTING --
REGION
86 .... -305
4O 5O 60 70 80 90 I00 110 120 130

LOX PUMP INLET PRESSURE, N/cm 2
Figure 5-I. S-IC LOX Start Box Requirements
Figure 5-2 shows the thrust buildup of each engine indicative of the
successful I-2-2 start. The shift in thrust buildup near the 5,250,000
Newtons (1,180,000 Ibf) level on the outboard engines is caused by in-
gestion of helium from the LOX prevalves during startup. The thrust shift
is absent on the center engine since the POGO suppression helium accumula-
tor system is not used on this engine. Engine combustion chamber pressure
oscillograms show 79- to 80-hertz oscillations of approximately 445,000
Newtons (I00,000 Ibf) peak-to-peak amplitude during buildup. These os-
cillations are characteristic of normal F-I engine thrust buildup. Engines
No. 1 and 5 show normal inertial surge chamber pressure spikes of approxi-
mately 48.3 N/cm 2 (70 psi) and 50.3 N/cm2 (73 psi), respectively, at 3.45
seconds after their individual start solenoids were energized. Engine
No. 4 data indicate a large chamber pressure spike (approximately 80 per-
cent of the mainstage level) at 3.42 seconds after engine No. 4 start
solenoid energization. The unusual magnitude of this spike is believed
to have been the result of a data,problem and is a characteristic of the
flight pressure transducer. Static firings of the F-I engines have
exhibited similar pressure spikes (measured with the flight pressure
transducer) during the buildup transient, but failed to indicate the same
5-2
7.0
......- .......... ._ _": : ..... _ .",<_I
• _.- _-'---_ -_'_.
-I .50
' i
ENGINE NO. 5-_. // /
• 6.0' - _ i ,
,*" _.I i /i "I .25
ENGINE NO. I_-____ _ /

5.0 ." - J
: l
. //I -I .00
z
• _--ENGINE NO. 2 4-
4.0 .:
-0.75
_3.0
_-- .: / I
I
• . _--ENGINE NO. 4 I-.-
0.50
: /
2.0 " II
I I
:" : I
1.0 i i I_
ENGINE NO., 3-_ _ _I;i 0.25
0
1
,- ....... - __=___s
.,,_...._
" 0
-4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -I .5 -I .0 -0.5 0
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 5-2. S-IC Engines Buildup Transients
spike on high frequency type ground firing instrumentation. The pressure

spike has, therefore, been omitted from the thrust buildup curve shown
in Figure 5-2.
The best estimate of propellants consumed between ignition and HDA

release was 39,374 kilograms (86,803 Ibm). The predicted consumption
was 38,913 kilograms (85,790 Ibm). Propellant loads at HDA release were
1,468,594 kilograms (3,237,697 Ibm) for LOX and 637,830 kilograms
(1,406,175 Ibm) for fuel.
5.3 S-IC MAINSTAGE PERFORMANCE
S-IC stage propulsion performance was satisfactory. Site performance was

very close to the predicted level as can be seen in Figure 5-3. The stage
site thrust (averaged from liftoff to OECO) was 0.62 percent lower than
predicted with the total propellant consumption rate 0.40 percent lower
than predicted and the total consumed propellant MR 0.I0 percent lower
than predicted and the specific impulse 0.16 percent lower than predicted.
Total propellant consumption from HDA release to OECO was low by 1.12
percent.
The F-I engines performance levels during the AS-506 flight showed the
smallest deviations from predicted levels of any S-IC flight.
5-3
• i7-_
LOX/FUEL MIXTURE RATIO

STAGE THRUST, 106 N
N N N r_ r_ N
E
l
_m
m_
m_
o_
rm_
,..J°
\
c-
cD
8
8
\
, _
\
I
I,-,q
|
2_ z
•_ co co
o o t. _ L.
e- STAGE THRUST, 106 Ibf
O0 STAGE SPECIFIC IMPULSE, 103 N-s/kg STAGE FLOWRATE, 104 kg/s

..J,
N
o
¢m _ ?0
fo
--h
o
\
rD
0.; \
I
,t
\
(/) °
\
,7
"I
N e,_ w Po N r-_ N
,m, o_ CO
STAGE FLOWRATE, 10 4 Ibm/s

STAGE SPECIFIC IMPULSE, 102 Ibf-s/Ibm
For comparing F-I engine flight performance with predicted performance,
the flight performance has been analytically reduced to standard condi-
tions and compared to the predicted performance which is based on ground
firings and also reduced to standard conditions. These values are shown
in Table 5-I at the 35- to 38-second time slice Individual engine de-
viations from predicted thrust ranged from 0,662 percent lower tengine
No. 5) to 0.527 percent higher (engine No. 4). Individual engine devia-
tions from predicted specific impulse ranged from 0.114 percent lower
(engine No. 5) to 0.038 percent higher (engines No. 1 and 4).
5.4 S-IC ENGINE SHUTDOWN TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE
CECO was initiated by a signal from the IU at 135.20 seconds as planned.

OECO, initiated by LOX low level sensors, occurred at 161.63 seconds
which was 0.55 second later than predicted. This is a small difference
compared to the predicted 3-sigma limits of +3.74 seconds. Most of
the OECO deviation can be attributed to lower than predicted thrust,
specific impulse, and propellant loads.
Thrust decay of the F-I engines was nominal.
Table 5-I. S-IC Engine Performance Deviations
AVERAGE
RECONSTRUCTION DEVIATI ON DEVI AT I ON
PARAI.IETER ENGINE PREDICTED ANALYSIS PERCEHT PERCENT
Thrust 6727 (1512) 6740 (1515) 0.198

103 N (I03 Ibf) 6695 (1505) 6674 (1500) -0.332
6717 (1510) 6725 (1512) 0.132 -O.027
6748 (1517) 6783 (1525) 0.527
6717 (1510) 6674 (1500) -0.662
Specific Impulse 2598 (264.9) 2599 (265.0) 0.038

H-s/kg (Ibf-s/Ibm) 2599 (265.0) 2598 (264.9) -0.038
2596 (264.7) 2596 (264.7) 0 -0.015
2594 (264.5) 2595 (264.6) 0.038
2587 (263.8) 2584 (263.5) -0.114
Total Flowrate 1 2589 (5708) 2594 (5718) 0.175

kg/s (Ibm/s) 2 2576 (5679) 2569 (5664) -O.264
3 2587 (5703) 2590 (5711) 0.140 -0.025
4 2602 (5737) 2613 (5761) 0.418
5 2597 (5725) 2582 (5691) -0.594
Mixture Ratio 2.258 2.255 -0.133

LOX/Fuel 2.244 2.241 -0.134
2.262 2.259 -0.133 -0.133
2.254 2.251 -0.133
2.282 2.279 -0.131
NOTE: Performance levels were reduced to standard sea level and pump
inlet conditions at 35 to 38 seconds.
5-5
Engine cutoff impulse was approximately 10,612,096 N-s (2,385,694 Ibf-s)
or II percent higher than predicted for the outboard engines and approxi-
mately 2,659,605 N-s (597,903 Ibf-s) or 7 percent lower than predicted
for the center engine. The impulse values stated for the outboard
engines are for the period from cutoff signal to stage separation, and
the impulse value for the center engine is for the period from cutoff
signal to zero thrust of the center engine. The flight cutoff impulse
is based on chamber pressures. At cutoff, chamber pressure was high for
engines No. I, 3 and especially 4, and low for engine No. 5. These
chamber pressure deviations yielded sufficient thrust to account for the
cutoff impulse deviations.
5.5 S-IC STAGEPROPELLANT

MANAGEMENT
The S-IC does not have an active Propellant Utilization (PU) system.
Minimum residuals are obtained by attempting to load the mixture ratio
expected to be consumed by the engines plus the predicted unusable resi-
duals. An analysis of the usable residuals experienced during a flight
is a good measure of the performance of the passive PU system.
OECOwas initiated by the LOX low level sensors as planned, and resulted
in residual propellants being very close to the predicted values. The
residual LOX at OECOwas 18,041 kilograms (39,772 Ibm) compared to the
predicted value of 18,177 kilograms (40:074 Ibm). The fuel residual at
OECOwas 13,954 kilograms (30,763 Ibm) compared to the predicted value
of 14,354 kilograms (31,645 Ibm). A summary of the propellants remaining
at major event times is presented in Table 5-2.
Table 5-2. S-IC Stage Propellant Mass History
LEVEL SENSOR
EVENT PREDICTED DATA RECONSTRUCTED
LOX FUEL LOX FUEL LOX FUEL
Ignition kg 1,500,418 646,854 646,323 1,499,479 646,319

Command (Ibm) (3,307,854) (1,426,070) (1,424,899) (3,305,786) (1,424,889)
Holddown kg 1,469,966 638,393 1,468,792 637,386 1,468,594 637,830

Arm Release (Ibm) (3,240,719) (1,407,415) 3,238,132) (1,405,195) (3,237,697) (1,406,175)
CECO kg 211,g56 97,465 217,230 99,475 216,633 99,059

(Ibm) (467,282) (214,874) (478,911) (219,304) (477,594) (218,389)
OECO kg 18,177 14,354 19,009 14,202 18,041 1 3,954

(Ibm) (40,074) (31,645) (41,908) (31 ,309) (39,772) (30,763)
Separation kg 15,594 13,263 15,651 12,705

(Ibm) (34,377) (29,241) (34,504) (28,008)
Zero Thrust kg 15,406 13,063 15,408 12,517

(Ibm) (33,965) (28,800) (33,970) (27,595)
NOTE: Predicted and reconstructed values do not include pressurization gas so they will compare
with level sensor data.
5-6
5.6 S-IC PRESSURIZATION
SYSTEMS
5.6.1 S-IC Fuel Pressurization System
The fuel tank pressurization system performed satisfactorily keeping

ullage pressure within the acceptable limits during flight. Helium Flow
Control Valves (HFCV's) No. 1 through 4 opened as planned and HFCVNo. 5
was not required.
The low flow prepressurization system was commandedon at -97 seconds.

High flow pressurization, accomplished by the onboard pressurization
system, performed as expected. HFCVNo. 1 was commandedon at -2.7 seconds
and was supplemented by the high flow prepressurization system until um-
bilical disconnect.
Fuel tank ullage pressure was within the predicted limits throughout
flight as shown in Figure 5-4. HFCV's No. 2, 3, and 4 were commanded
open during flight by the switch selector within acceptable limits.
Helium bottle pressure was 2137 N/cm2 (3100 psia) at -2.8 seconds and
decayed to 331N/cm 2 (480 psia) at OECO. Total helium flowrate and heat
exchanger performance were as expected.
Fuel pump inlet pressure was maintained above the required minimum Net
Positive Suction Pressure (NPSP) during flight.
5.6.2 S-IC LOX Pressurization System
The LOX pressurization system performed satisfactorily and all performance

requirements were met. The ground prepressurization system maintained
ullage pressure within acceptable limits until launch commit. The on-
board pressurization system subsequently maintained ullage pressure within
the GOXFlow Control Valve (GFCV) band during flight.
The prepressurization system was initiated at -72 seconds. Ullage pres-

sure increased to the prepressurization switch band and flow was terminated
at -57 seconds. The low-flow system was cycled on two additional times
at -40 and -17 seconds. At -4.7 seconds the high-flow system was com-
manded on and maintained ullage pressure within acceptable limits until
launch commit.
The LOX tank ullage pressure during flight, shown in Figure 5-5, was main-
tained within the required limits throughout flight by the GFCV. The maxi-
mumGOXflowrate to the tank (at CECO)was 24.9 kg/s (55.0 Ibm/s). The
heat exchangers performed as expected.
The LOX pump inlet pressure met the minimum NPSPrequirement throughout
flight. The engine No. 5 LOX suction duct pressure decayed after CECO
similar to previous flights as shown in Figure 5-6. The cause of these
decays is still unknown.
5-7
_7HFCV NO. 2 OPEN
XTHFcv N(). I OPEN I
22 '_THFCV NO. 3 OPEN 32
_THFCV NO. 4 OPEN /-'PREDICTED MAXIMUM
/ I I \ / I s
\ I \ __.I 30 ._
-_. \ / \I "_I
F
28 m
e_
Q..
.._/
._ \/ v 26 _
z
z \
I---
I-- '\
\
24 _
16 _
\ /
\ /
\ J _ A / _
..... _ 22
\_" I I / _'"
PREDICTED MINIMUM
14 _ _7, I I T _z
0 20 40 60 80 1O0 120 140 160
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 5-4. S-IC Fuel Ullage Pressure
5.7 S-IC PNEUMATIC CONTROL PRESSURE SYSTEM
The control pressure system functioned satisfactorily throughout the S-IC

flight.
Sphere pressure was 2151N/cm 2 (3120 psiaZ at liftoff and remained steady
until CECO when it decreased to 2068 N/cmL (3000 psia). The decrease was
due to center engine prevalve actuation. There was a further decrease to
1810 N/cm 2 (2625 psia) after OECO.
The engine prevalves were closed after engine cutoff as required. The
engine No. 5 prevalves closed at approximately 137 seconds. The pre-
valves for the other four engines closed at approximately 163 seconds.
5.8 S-IC PURGE SYSTEMS
Performance of the S-IC purge systems was satisfactory during the flight.
The turbopump LOX seal purge storage sphere pressure was within the limits
of 1862 to 2275 N/cm2 (2700 to 3300 psia) until ignition and 2275 to 689
N/cm 2 (3300 to I000 psia) from liftoff to cutoff. The radiation calori-
meter purge system was not installed on S-IC-6 nor subsequent vehicles.
5-8
AdlVE #RESSDRE
3O RELIEF SWITCH
BAND DURING FLIGHT
..... . A-MECHANICAL REI IEF BAND

...... "....... /J 16.2 to 17.6 N/cm2
26
c_ ....... "..... "-. _'""//(23.5
"'-* I [ to 25.5 psig) --RELIEF SWITCH BAND ._
E
t)
1,1
r_
tz_
22
cz_
w
c_
(i_
........... . ......... -30 o_
L._ N
CD
"_
_.__ _ _-- 16.7 to 18.3
PREPRESS N/cm2
SWITCH BAND ,/_/j ,_,_ >!."
-.,-.z_ =__J
"" (24.2 to 26.5 psia) _/7_>-F ....... __.
z
- I.-,
I--
.if __i! " _<v/'y# -25

-_--- -20
-AS-5O6 FLIGHT DATA PREDICTED LIMITS
I .15
0 20 40 60 80 I00 120 140 160

P,ANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 5-5. S-IC LOX Tank Ullage Pressure
5.9 S-IC POGO SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
The POGO Suppression system performed satisfactorily during S-IC flight.
Outboard LOX prevalve temperature measurements indicated that the prevalve

cavities were filled with helium prior to liftoff as planned. The mea-
surements in the outboard prevalves went cold momentarily at liftoff in-
dicating LOX sloshed on the probes. They remained warm throughout flight,
indicating helium in the prevalves. At cutoff, the increased pressure
forced LOX into the prevalves once more. The two measurements in the
center engine prevalve indicated cold, which meant LOX was in this valve,
as planned.
5-9
I
S_7CECO
_- AS-505 120
_70ECO
80 _.=....- _,
I00
c_J
E
,I
(.}
o _,, _-AS-504
z 60 r_
CZ_
8O CZ)
rY
_" " /-AS-506 r_
cz) I
CZ_
c_ 0
r_
F--
0
6O
-_ 40 0
r-_
F--
Z 0
0
_=_ CZ)
F-
(..) X
0
cz_
x
C)
" 20
2O
_7 _7
0 0
-5 0 5 I0 15 20 25 30
TIME FROM CECO, SECONDS
! ! I I I I I I
130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 5-6. S-IC LOX Suction Duct Pressure, Engine No. 5
5-10
SECTION 6
S-II PROPULSION
6.1 SUMMARY
The S-II propulsion system performed satisfactorily throughout the flight.

As sensed at the engines, Engine Start Command (ESC) occurred at 163.04
seconds and Outboard Engine Cutoff (OECO) at 548.22 seconds with an
operation time of 385.18 seconds or 4.0 seconds shorter than predicted.
Due to high amplitude low frequency oscillations on the AS-503 and AS-504
flights, the center engine was shut down early as on AS-505 and success-
fully avoided these oscillations. Center Engine Cutoff (CECO) occurred at
460.62 seconds. Total stage thrust, as determined by computer analysis of
telemetered propulsion measurements, at 61 seconds after S-II ESC was 0.20
percent below predicted. Total propellant flowrate (including pressur-
ization flow) was 0.13 percent below predicted and stage specific impulse
was 0.07 percent below predicted at this time slice. Stage propellant
Mixture Ratio (MR) was 0.36 percent above predicted.
The propellant management system performance was satisfactory. The system

was similar to AS-505 in that it also used open-loop control of the engine
Propellant Utilization (PU) valves. On AS-506, however, the Instrument
Unit (IU) command to shift Engine Mixture Ratio (EMR) from high to low was
initiated upon attainment of a preprogramed stage characteristic velocity
as sensed by the Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC). An IU timed
command served this function on AS-505. The IU EMR shift command occurred
6 seconds later than predicted and this deviation was due mainly to improper
scaling in the LVDC velocity computations. The actual shift from high to low
EMR occurred 9.5 seconds late when compared with the final propulsion
prediction. The additional 3.5 seconds resultl from a propulsion and
characteristic velocity presetting mismatch that was known prior to
flight. Future preflight operational trajectory events, IU programed
commands, and S-II propulsion prediction events will be reviewed for
compatibility.
OECO, initiated by the LOX low level cutoff sensors, was achieved following
a planned 1.5-second time delay. A small engine performance decay was
noted just prior to cutoff similar to AS-505, but was less severe than that
observed on AS-504 due to only four engines operating at cutoff. Residual
propellant remaining in the tanks at OECO signal was 3388 kilograms
(7471 Ibm) compared to a prediction of 2623 kilograms (5783 Ibm).
6-I
The performance of the LOX and LH2 tank pressurization systems was
satisfactory. Ullage pressure in both tanks was more than adequate to
meet engine inlet Net Positive Suction Pressure (NPSP) requirements through-
out mainstage. As commandedby the IU, step pressurization occurred at
261.6 seconds for the LOX tank and 461.6 seconds for the LH2 tank.
The engine servicing system performed satisfactorily except that the

engine No. 1 start tank pressure was 2.8 N/cm2 (4 psi) below redline at
prelaunch commit (-33 seconds). This low pressure was caused by a lower
than planned setting of the Ground Support Equipment (GSE) regulator
supplying hydrogen to the start tank. Corrective action being proposed
includes increasing the nominal setting of the GSE regulator and relaxing
the prelaunch commit redline to more closely approximate actual require-
ments. All start tank pressures and temperatures were well within require-
ments at S-II ESC.
The recirculation, pneumatic control and helium injection systems all

performed satisfactorily.
6.2 S-II CHILLDOWN AND BUILDUP TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE
The prelaunch servicing operations satisfactorily accomplished the engine

conditioning requirements. Thrust chamber temperatures were within
predicted limits both at launch and engine start. The thrust chamber
temperatures ranged between I01 and II9°K (-278 and -245°F) at prelaunch
commit and 131 and 150°K (-223 and -190°F) at engine start. Thrust chamber
temperature warmup rate during S-IC boost agreed closely with those experi-
enced on previous flights.
Engine start tank temperatures at the conclusion of chilldown ranged

between 95 and IO0°K (-289 and -280°F) and were similar to AS-505. All
start tank temperatures and pressures were within the prelaunch and engine
start boxes, as shown in Figure 6-I, with the exception that engine No. 1
start tank pressure was 2.8 N/cm2 (4 psi) low at prelaunch commit (-33
seconds).
The low start tank pressures at -33 seconds resulted from the start tanks
being pressurized at 783 to 792 N/cm2 (!135 to 1148 psia) instead of the
required 810 +_10.3 N/cm 2 (1175 +_15 psia). It had been planned to set
both the GSE S-II pneumatic console dome regulator and the start tank supply
regulator at the high side of the tolerance. The dome regulator was
replaced during the -9 hour launch countdown hold Without adjustment to
the high limit (refer to paragraph 3.6.2). Another factor contributing to
the low start tank pressures was that the pressure gauge used to set the
regulators was reading approximately 7.6 N/cm2 (II psi) high. It is planned
to revise the pressurization regulator settings to provide a higher pressure
level for subsequent stages. It has also been recommended that the minimum
pressure line of the prelaunch redline box be lowered approximately
6.9 N/cm2 (I0 psi). Review of all previous launch data indicates a lower
prelaunch pressure is compatible with the engine start box.
6-2
START TANK TEMPERATURE, °F
-300 -250 -200 -I 50
1050 , ,
0 ENG. NO. 1 500
_7 ENG. NO. 2
[] ENG. NO. 3 ENGINE START BOX.
I000-- 0 ENG. NO. 4 - PRELAUNCHIBOX- \
ENG. NO. 5
=" 950
I_ /-
.............
S_ 400 °
"_
_ t I mm
900 .,-" o I 300

_- I S-II ESC '
"_ j ..J
_ I---
__ 850 ', o [] _....:_---'_ -
i.--
800
PRELAUNCH (-33 SEC)
750 II00
80 90 I00 II0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
START TANK TEMPERATURE, °K
Figure 6-I. S-II Engine Start Tank Performance
All engine helium tank pressures were within the prelaunch and engine start
limits of 1931 to 2379 N/cm z (2800 to 3450 psia). The helium supply line
was manually vented at -277 seconds versus being vented at -30 seconds on
previous launches. This allowed adequate time to monitor for leakage prior
to the -19 second launch commit. No pressure decay of any significance
occurred during this time period.
Engine No. 2 helium tank pressure decayed at a sharper rate than expected
after S-II ESC. The decay assumed a more normal rate after approximately
30 seconds of operation. This condition has occurred on previous flights
and has been coincident with shifts in the engine helium regulator outlet
pressure. Engine regulator outlet pressure measurement was not provided
on AS-506 so it can only be assumed that a regulator outlet pressure shift
also occurred. On AS-505 flight, engine No. 5 regulator outlet pressure
shifted from 281 to 276 N/cm z (408 to 400 psia) at approximately 63 seconds
after ESC. On AS-504 flight, engine No. 3 regulator outlet pressure shifted
from 279 to 276 N/cm2 (405 to 400 psia) at approximately 43 seconds after
ESC. Between ESC and regulator shift the decay rates were higher than
expected, but following the shiftthe decay rates of all engines were
comparable.
6-3
The higher than expected helium tank decay rates experienced to date are
not critical for the S-II mission. Even if the initial decay rate continued
throughout S-II burn, the supply pressure would be adequate to meet system
demandswith sufficient margin. The cause of this deviation has been
assessed as internal leakage through the engine helium regulator.
The LOX and LH2 recirculation systems used to chill the feed ducts, turbo-
pumps, and other engine components performed satisfactorily during prelaunch
and S-IC boost. Engine pump inlet temperatures and pressures at engine
start were well within the requirements as shown in Figure 6-2. The LOX
pump discharge temperatures at ESCwere 7.5 to 8.9°K (13.5 to 16.1°F)
subcooled, which is well below the 1.7°K (3°F) subcooling requirement.
Prepressurization of the propellant tanks was satisfactorily accomplished.

Ullage pressures at S-II ESCwere 26.9 N/cm2 (39 psia) for LOX and
19.6 N/cm2 (28.5 psia) for LH2.
S-II ESCwas received at 163.04 seconds and the Start Tank Discharge Valve
(STDV) solenoid activation signal occurred 1.0 second later. The engine
thrust buildup was satisfactory and was within the required thrust buildup
envelope. The stage thrust reached mainstage level at 166.2 seconds.
Engine thrust levels were between 861,496 and 895,080 Newtons (193,672
and 201,222 Ibf) prior to "High EMRSelect" commandat 168.5 seconds.
6.3 S-II MAINSTAGEPERFORMANCE
Stage performance during the high EMRportion of the flight was very
close to predicted as shown in Figure 6-3. At a time slice of ESC+61
seconds, total vehicle thrust was 5,141,516 Newtons (1,155,859 Ibf) which
is only 10,094 Newtons (2269 Ibf) or 0.20 percent below the preflight
prediction. Total propellant flowrate (including pressurization flow) was
1239 kg/s (2731 Ibm/s) which was 0.13 percent below prediction. Stage
specific impulse,,including the effect of pressurization gas flowrate, was
4150.2 N-s/kg (423.2 Ibf-s/Ibm) which is 0.07 percent below the predicted
level. Stage propellant MRwas 0.36 percent above prediction.
At ESC+297.58 seconds (460.62 seconds) the center engine was shut down in
order to prevent buildup of the low frequency oscillations that were
observed on AS-503 and AS-504. This action reduced total vehicle thrust
by 1,031,685 Newtons (231,932 Ibf) to a level of 4,093,107 Newtons
(920,167 Ibf). Of this total, a thrust reduction of 1,017,255 Newtons
(228,688 Ibf) was directly due to CECOand the remaining 14,430 Newtons
(3244 Ibf) decrease resulted from the sum effect of fuel step pressurization
(ESC +298.6 seconds) and loss of acceleration head.
The shift from high to low EMRoperation occurred at approximately 335

seconds after ESC. The change of EMRresulted in further thrust reduction,
and at ESC+351 seconds the total vehicle thrust was 3,082,769 Newtons
(693,034 Ibf); thus a decrease in thrust of 1,010,338 Newtons (227,133 Ibf)
is indicated between high and the average low EMRoperation.
6-4
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.... PREDICTED .... PREDICTED
X_ S-ll CECO _S-II OECO _RECONSTRUCTED _7S-II CECO _7S-II OECO _RECONSTRUCTED
5.4 1400
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0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350 400
TIME FROMESC, SECONDS TIME FROMESC, SECONDS
V , , , i , VV,_ , , , , , W'_'
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
RANGETIME, SECONDS RANGETIME, SECONDS
Figure 6-3. S-ll Steady State Operation

Similar to AS-505 flight, the deviation of actual from predicted perform-
ance remained small at the lower mixture ratio levels. At ESC +381 seconds,
total thrust was 3,059,402 Newtons (687,781 Ibf) at an EMR of 4.29. Vehicle
thrust and propellant flowrate deviations at this time were 18,683 Newtons
(4200 Ibf) and 5.1 kg/s (11.2 Ibm/s), respectively.
Individual J-2 engine data, excluding the effects of pressurization flow-

rate, are presented in Table 6-I for the ESC +61-second time point. Very
good correlation between prediction and flight is indicated by the small
magnitude of the deviations. Flight data reconstruction procedures were
directed toward matching the engine and stage acceptance specific impulse
values while maintaining the engine flow and pump speed data as a baseline.
Data presented in Table 6-I are actual flight data and have not been
adjusted to standard J-2 engine conditions. Considering data that have
been adjusted to standard conditions through use of a computer program,
very little difference from the results shown in Table 6-I is observed.
The adjusted data show all engine thrust levels to be within 0.40 percent
of those achieved during vehicle acceptance test.
Three minor engine performance shifts were observed during S-II burn.
Engine No. 1 experienced two performance increases, each approximately
6672 Newtons (1500 Ibf), during the first 35 seconds of mainstage operation.
Table 6-I. S-II Engine Performance Deviations (ESC +61 Seconds)
PERCENT PERCENT
INDIVIDUAL AVERAGE
ENGINE PREDICTED RECONSTRUCTED DEVIATION DEVIATION
PARAMETER
Thrust, 1,034,683 (232,606) 1,035,083 (232,696) 0.04

1,016,663 (228,555) 1,017,517 (228,747) 0.08
Newtons 1,023,514 (230_095) 1,017,228 (228,682) -0.61 -0.20
(Ibf) 1,042,085 (234,270) 1,039,576 (233,706) -0.24
1,034,665 (232,602) 1,032,112 (232,028) -0.25
4173.7 (425.6) 4169.8 (425.2) -0.09

Specific
4159.0 (424.1) 4170.8 (425.3) 0.28
Impulse
4175.7 (425.8) 4165.9 (424.8) -O.23 -0.06
N-s/kg
(Ibf-s/Ibm) 4155.1 (423.7) 4157.0 (423.9) 0.05
4175.7 (425.8) 4162.9 (424.5) -0.30
247.9 (546.6) 248.2 (547.2) 0.II

Engine Flowrate
244.5 (539.0) 244.0 (537.9) -0.20
245.1 (540.4) 244.2 (538.3) -0.39 -0.14
kg/s
250.8 (552.9) 250.I (551.3) -0.29
(Ibm/s)
247.8 (546.3) 240.0 (546.7) 0.07
Engine Mixture 1 5.57 5.57 0

Ratio 2 5.56 5.55 -0.18
LOX/Fuel 3 5.59 5.57 -0.36 0.29
4 5.53 5.54 0.18
5 5.49 5.59 1.82
NOTE: Values exclude pressurization flow.
6-7
A thrust decrease of about the same magnitude occurred in engine No. 2
after 64 seconds of mainstage operation. These shifts are indicative of
changes in the Gas Generator (GG) oxidizer system flow resistance and are
not considered detrimental to engine operation.
Amplified main chamber pressure processed with a 25 hertz low pass filter
revealed no high amplitude, low frequency oscillations as experienced on
AS-503 and AS-504. As in the flight of AS-505, CECOprecluded any
oscillation buildup.
6.4 S-II SHUTDOWN
TRANSIENTPERFORMANCE
Engine shutdown sequence was initiated by the stage LOX low level sensors.
The LOX depletion cutoff system again included a 1.5-second delay timer.
As in the AS-504 and AS-505 flights, this resulted in engine performance
decay prior to receipt of the cutoff signal. Due to early CECOhowever,
the precutoff decay was greatly reduced compared to AS-504 without CECO.
Only engine No. 1 exhibited a significant thrust chamber pressure decay,
decreasing 77.9 N/cm2 (113 psi) in the final 0.25 second before cutoff.
All other outboard engines thrust chamber pressure decays were of the
order of 20.7 N/cm2 (30 psi).
At OECOsignal (548.22 seconds), total vehicle thrust was down to 2,783,479

Newtons (625,751 Ibf). _ Vehicle thrust dropped to 5 percent of this level
within 0.75 second. The stage cutoff impulse through the 5 percent thrust
level was estimated to be 581,916 N-s (130,820 Ibf-s). No unusual features
were apparent in the center engine thrust decay data following CECO,with
the decay to 5 percent thrust occurring in approximately 0.3 second.
6.5 S-II STAGEPROPELLANT
MANAGEMENT
The propellant management system performed satisfactorily during the

propellant loading operation and during flight. The S-II stage employed
an open-loop system utilizing fixed, open-loop commandsfrom the IU rather
than feedback signals from the tank mass sensing probes. (Open-loop oper-
ation was also used on AS-503 and AS-505. It is also planned for use on
all subsequent vehicles.)
The facility Propellant Tanking Control System (PTCS) and the propellant
management system successfully accomplished S-II loading and replenishment.
During the prelaunch countdown, all propellant management subsystems
operated properly with no problems noted.
Open-loop PU system operation commencedwhen "High EMRselect" was commanded

at ESC +5.5 seconds, as planned. The PU valves then moved to the high EMR
position, providing a nominal high EMR of 5.50 for the first phase of
Programed Mixture Ratio (PMR). The IU commandto shift EMRfrom high to
low was initiated at ESC+331.8 seconds (6 seconds later than predicted)
upon attainment of a preprogramed characteristic velocity as sensed by the
LVDC. Approximately 5.5 seconds of this deviation is attributed to improper
scaling in the inflight calculations of velocity within the LVDC(refer to
6-8
paragraph 10.2.1), and the remainder is due to variations between the
actual and predicted flight performance. The IU commandcaused the PU
valves to be driven to the low EMRposition, providing an average EMRof
4.34 (versus a predicted average EMRof 4.33) for the low mixture ratio
portion of the flight.
The actual shift from high to low EMRoccurred 9.5 seconds late when com-
,pared with the final propulsion prediction. The additional 3.5 seconds
result! from a propulsion and characteristic velocity presetting mismatch
that was known prior to flight.
Engine No. 3 PU valve position monitor exhibited erratic characteristics

during the S-IC and S-II boost operational periods. Analysis of the
limited measurements available did not reveal any PU computer, telemetry
or engine malfunction. The PU valve telemetry potentiometer is the most
likely cause of this problem.
The open-loop PU control system responded as expected during flight and

no instabilities were noted. The open-loop PU error at OECOwas approxi-
mately +567 kilograms (+1250 Ibm) LH2 versus a 3-sigma tolerance of +_1134
kilograms (+_2500 Ibm).
Based on PU system data, propellant res%duals (mass in tanks and sumps) at

OECOwere 816 kilograms (1800 Ibm_LOX, and 2572 kilograms (5671 Ibm) LH2,
versus the predicted 657 kilograms (1448 Ibm) LOX and 1966 kilograms
(4335 Ibm) LH2. An updated analysis using AS-505 LOX depletion data
indicated a higher than predicted LOX residual would occur on AS-506. S-II
burn time was reduced approximately 4 seconds and the LH2 residual at OECO
was increased 432 kilograms (952 Ibm) due to the late PU valve step time.
Table 6-2 presents a comparison of propellant masses as measured by the PU

probes and engine flowmeters. The best estimate propellant mass is based
on integration of flowmeter data utilizing the propellant residuals deter-
mined from PU system data corrected for nominal tank mismatch at OECO.
Best estimates of propellant mass loaded are 370,778 kilograms (817,425 Ibm)
LOX, and 71,615 kilograms (157,885 Ibm) LH2 which correlates closely with
the postlaunch trajectory simulation. These mass values were 0.24 percent
less than predicted for LOX and 0.07 percent less than predicted for LH2.
6.6 S-II PRESSURIZATION

SYSTEMS
6.6.1 S-II Fuel Pressurization System
LH2 tank ullage pressure, actual and predicted, is presented in Figure 6-4
for autosequence, S-IC boost and S-II boost. The LH2 tank vent valves were
closed at -96 seconds and the ullage was pressurized to 24.8 N/cm2 (36 psia)
in approximately 27 seconds. One makeup cycle was required at -40 seconds
as a result of thermal pressure decay. Venting occurred during S-IC boost
as anticipated. One venting cycle'was indicated on vent valve No. 1 between
93 and I00 seconds. There was no indication that vent valve No. 2 opened.
6-9
Table 6-2. S-II Propellant Mass History
ENGINE FLOWMETER
EVENT
INTEGRATION
RANGE TIME UIIITS PREDICTED PU SYSTEM ANALYSIS (BEST ESTIMATE)
LOX LH2 LOX LH2 LOX LH2
Ground kg 371,672 71,668 371,899 71,718 370,778 71,615
Ignition ( I bin) (819,397) (158,000) (819_896) (t58,111) (817,425) (157,885)
S-II ESC kg 371,672 71,668 371,697 71,627 370,778 71,615

(Ibm) (819,397) (158,000) (819,452) _(157,910) (817,425) (157,885)
S-II PU Valve Step kg 38,217 10,751 53,432 13,503 35,884 10,469

(497.60 sec) (Ibm) (84,254) (23,703) (117,797) (29_768) (79,111) (23,080)
S-II OECO kg 657 1966 816 2572 816 2572

(Ibm) (1448) (4335) (1800) (5671) (1800) (5671)
S-II Residual At k9 544 1916 730 2531 730 2531
Stage Separation (Ibm) (1199) (4224) (1609) (5579) (1609) (5579)
NOTE: Table is based on mass in tanks and sump only. Propellant trapped external to tanks
and LOX sumD is not included.
I I I I I I
_7 VENT VALVE NO. 1 OPEN _7 VENT VALVES OPEN ACTUAL
PREDICTED
_7 VENT VALVE NO. 1 CLOSE _7 VENT VALVE NO. 1 CLOSE
(NOTE : PREDICTION COINCIDES
_7 S-II ESC _7 S-II OECO, 548.22 WITH DATA) --45
3O I
_7 S-II CECO, 460.6 _7 VENT VALVE NO. 2 CLOSE,.

_7 LH2 STEP PRESS, 461.6 (POST OECO) I
J 4O
25
_35
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\M REDLINE 30
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\ _ MINIMUM START
REQUIREMENT
_25
<,
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15
_20
I0 --15
-200 -I00 0 I00 200 300 400 500 600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 6-4, S-II Fuel Tank Ullage Pressure
6-10
Differential pressure across the vent valve was kept below the low-mode
upper limit of 20.3 N/cm 2 (29.5 psid). Ullage pressure at S-II engine
start was 19.6 N/_m2 (28.5 ,psia) meeting the minimum engine start require-
ment of 18.6 N/cm z (27 psia). The LH 2 tank valves were switched to the
high vent mode immediately prior to S-II engine start.
LH2 tank ullage pressure was maintained within the regulator range of
19.7 to 20.7 N/cm2 (28.5 to 30 psia) during burn until the LH 2 tank
pressure regulator was stepped open at 461.6 seconds. Ullage pressure
increased to 22.1 N/cm2 (32 psia). The LH2 vent valves started venting
at 477 seconds and continued venting throughout the remainder of the S-II
flight. Ullage pressure remained within the high-mode vent range of 21 to
22.7 N/cm2 (30.5 to 33 psia).
Figure 6-5 shows LH 2 total inlet pressure, temperature and NPSP. The
• z_
parameters were close to predicted values. The NPSP supplied exceeded
that required throughout the S-II burn phase of the flight.
6.6.2 S-II LOX Pressurization System
LOX tank ullage pressure, actual and predicted, is presented in Figure 6-6
for autosequence, S-IC boost and S-II burn. After a two-minute cold helium
chilldown flow through the LOX tank, the vent valves were closed at -185.3
seconds and the LOX tank was prepressurized to the pressure switch setting
of 27.1 N/cm 2 (39.3 psia) in approximately 42 seconds. One pressure makeup
cycle was required at -125 seconds as a result of pressure decay, which was
followed by the slight pressure increase caused by LH2 tank prepressuriza-
tion. Ullage pressure was 26.9 N/cm2 (39 psia) at engine start.
The LOX regulator remained at its minimum position until 240 seconds
because the ullage pressure was above the regulator range of 24.8 to
26.5 N/cm 2 (36 to 38.5 psia). A slight decrease in ullage pressure prior
to LOX regulator step pressurization indicated normal performance of the
LOX regulator. LOX step pressurization (261.6 seconds) caused the usual
characteristic surge in ullage pressure followed by a slower increase until
LOX tank ullage pressure reached a maximum of 28.3 N/cm2 (41 psia) at
383.4 seconds when the No. 1 vent valve cracked. Ullage pressure was
27.9 N/cm 2 (40.5 psia) at CECO. Vent valve No. 1 reseat occurred at
27.9 N/cm2 (40.5 psia) after EMR shift. The LOX tank vent valve No. 2 did
not open.
LOX pump total inlet pressure, temperature and NPSP are presented in
Figure 6-7. The NPSP supplied exceeded the requirement throughout the
S-II boost phase. The total magnitude of LOX liquid stratification was
greater than predicted, but was similar to AS-505. The 1.5-second time
delay in the LOX low level cutoff circuit makes it very difficult to
predict an accurate cutoff temperature.
6-11
S-II ESC LH2 STEP PRESSURIZATION, 461.6
S-ll CECO, 460.6 _7 S-ll OECO

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PSP REQUIREMENT
--MINIMUM N - 6
- 4
0 50 I00 150 200 250 300 350 4O0
TIME FROM ESC, SECONDS
i , , , '
163 263 363 463 563
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 6-5. S-II Fuel Pump Inlet Conditions
6-12
I I I I
_7 S-II ESC _7 S-II CECO
ACTUAL
_7 LOX STEP PRESSURIZATION S_7 VENT VALVE NO. 1 CLOSE
--- - PREDICTION
_7 VENT VALVE NO. 1 OPEN S_7 S-II OECO -45
3O I
-40
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REQUIREMENT -30 N
J 20 5
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15
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-200 -I00 0 I00 200 300 400 5OO 600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 6-6. S-II LOX Tank Ullage Pressure
6.7 S-II PNEUMATIC CONTROL PRESSURE SYSTEM
Performance of the stage pneumatic control system was satisfactory. Main

receiver pressure and regulator outlet pressure were within predicted limits
throughout system operation, Regulator outlet pressure was within the
operating band of 476 to 527 N/cm 2 (690 to 765 psia) except during valve
actuations which follow S-II ESC, CECO and OECO events. The makeup period
for the regulator outlet pressure to return to its operating band after
valve closures did not exceed 17 seconds. This is within the normal
recovery time.
Pressure decay in the main receiver from facility supply vent at -30 seconds
to the initial valve actuation at 168 seconds was negligible. Main receiver
pressure was 2086 N/cm 2 (3025 psia) at S-II engine start.
6.8 S-II HELIUM INJECTION SYSTEM
The performance of the helium injection system was satisfactory. Require-

ments were met and parameters were in good agreement with predictions. The
supply bottle was pressurized to 2137 N/cm2 (3100 psia) prior to liftoff
and by ESC was 552 N/cm 2 (800 psia). Helium injection system average total
flowrate during supply bottle blowdown (-30 to 163 seconds) was 2.0 SCMM
(70.4 SCFM).
6-13
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SECTION 7
S-IVB PROPULSION
7.1 SUMMARY
The J-2 engine operated satisfactorily throughout the operational phase

of first and second burn. Shutdowns for both burns were normal. S-IVB
first burn duration was 147.1 seconds which was 3.4 seconds more than
predicted. The engine performance during first burn, as determined from
standard altitude reconstruction analysis, deviated from the predicted
by +0.20 percent for thrust and +0.05 percent for specific impulse. The
S-IVB stage first burn Engine Cutoff (ECO) was initiated by the Launch
Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) at 699.34 seconds.
The Continuous Vent System (CVS) adequately regulated LH 2 tank ullage

pressure at 13.4 N/cm2 (19.5 psia) during orbit, and the Oxygen/Hydrogen
(02/H2) burner satisfactorily achieved LH2 and LOX tank repressurization
for restart.
Engine restart conditions were within specified limits. The restart at

full open Propellant Utilization (PU) valve position was successful.
S-IVB second burn duration was 346.9 seconds which was 1.7 seconds less
than predicted. The engine performance during second burn, as determined
from the standard altitude reconstruction analysis, deviated from the
predicted by -0.56 percent for thrust and +0.05 percent for specific
impulse. The S-IVB stage second burn ECO was initiated by the LVDC at
10,203.07 seconds.
Subsequent to second burn, the stage propellant tanks were safed satis-
factorily, with LOX dump imparting a 17 m/s (55.8 ft/s) velocity change
to the stage.
7.2 S-IVB CHILLDOWN AND BUILDUP TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE FOR FIRST BURN
The propellant recirculation system performed satisfactorily, meeting

start and run box requirements for fuel and LOX as shown in Figure 7-I.
The thrust chamber temperature at launch was well below the maximum allow-
able redline limit of 172°K (-150°F). At S-IVB first burn Engine Start
Command (ESC), the temperature was 164°K (-164°F), which is within the
requirement of 150 ±61.1°K (-189.6 ±IIO°F).
7-I
FUEL PUMP INLET PRESSURE, psia
16 20 24 28 32 36 4O 44
25 I -415
TIME FROM FIRST

ITEM ESC, SEC
24 1 0
2 20 I -417
3 48
4 ECO
o
23
-419_
c_
F- 22 .....
I -42t _
4
I
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21
EL
z/ ENGINE START LIMITS ,, -423
2O I I
I,
-425
19
I0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
FUEL PUMP INLET PRESSURE, N/cm 2
LOX PUMP INLET PRESSURE, psia

28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
I - 28O
IOO f
TIME FROM FIRST

ITEM ESC, SEC
1 0
98 2 4O -284
3 66
4 68
5 ECO I
w 96
I -288
<=
cL I
I
/
k--
94
I • -292 _
I
92
/
/, I_
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_ENGINE
251
START LIMITS_
J
I
J
-296
9O
-300
88
I
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
LOX PUMP INLET PRESSURE, N/cm 2
Figure 7-I. S-IVB Start Box and Run Requirements- Fi rst Burn
7-2
The chilldown and loading of the engine Gaseous Hydrogen (GH2) start
sphere and pneumatic control sphere prior to liftoff were satisfactory.
The engine control bottle pressure and temperature at l iftoff were
2124 N/cmL (3080 psia) and i63°K (-i69°F), respectively. At first ESC
the start tank conditions were within the required S-IVB region of
896.3 +_68.9 N/cm2 and 133.1 +_44.4°K (1300 +_I00 psia and -220 ±80°F).
The discharge was completed and the refill initiated at first burn ESC
+3.7 seconds. The refill was satisfactory. The first burn start tran-
sient was satisfactory with thrust buildup within the limits set by the
engine manufacturer. This buildup was similar to the thrust buildups
observed on the AS-501 through AS-505 flights. The PU valve was in
proper null position prior to first start. The total impulse from first
Start Tank Discharge Valve (STDV) open to STDV+2.5 seconds was
857,243 N-s (192,716 Ibf-s). This was more than the value of 833,615 N-s
(187,404 Ibf-s) obtained during the same interval for the acceptance test.
First burn fuel lead generally followed the predicted pattern and resulted
in satisfactory conditions as indicated by the thrust chamber and fuel
injector temperatures.
7.3 S-IVB MAINSTAGEPERFORMANCE
FORFIRST BURN
The propulsion reconstruction analysis showed that the stage performance

during mainstage operation was satisfactory. A comparison of predicted
and actual performance of thrust, total flowrate, specific impulse, and
mixture ratio versus time is shown in Figure 7-2. Table 7-I shows the
specific impulse, flowrates and mixture ratio deviations from the pre-
dicted at the STDV+137-second time slice when engine performance stabi-
lized. This time slice performance is the standardized altitude perfor-
mance which is comparable to engine tests. The 137-second time slice
performance for first burn thrust was 0.20 percent higher than predicted.
Specific impulse performance for first burn was 0.05 percent higher than
predicted.
S-IVB burn duration was 147.1 seconds which was 3.4 seconds more than pre-
dicted.
The helium control system for the J-2 engine performed satisfactorily
during first mainstage ooeration. Since the engine bottle was connected
with the stage ambient repressurization bottles there was little pressure
decay. Approximately 0.19 kilogram (0.42 Ibm) of helium was consumed during
first burn.
The PU valve position shifted slightly away from the null position during
engine operation. This shift was in the closed (high Engine Mixture Ratio
[EMR]) direction and amounted to 0.7 degree during first burn and 0.6
degree during second burn. These shifts are approximately the same as
those observed on the AS-505 flight and the S-IVB-508 and S-IVB-509 accep-
tance tests. Valve position shifts during engine operation have occurred
only in engines with PU valves containing rotated baffles. The magnitude
7-3
ENGINE MIXTURE TOTAL FLOWRATE, SPECIFIC IMPULSE, THRUST, 106 N
RATIO, LOX/FUEL kg/s N-s/kg
r,o rO --_ PO _ 0 0
0 (.0 C) (D 0
0 o'i o o o o_0 Lo
I I
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.
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0
0 0 0 0 _ 0 0"I _ --'
_ 0 _
TOTAL FLOWRATE, SPECIFIC IMPULSE,

I bm/s Ibf-s/Ibm THRUST, 106 lbf
Table 7-I. S-IVB Steady State Performance - First Burn (STDV +137-Second
Time Slice at Standard Altitude Conditions)
FLIGHT PERCENT
PARAMETER PREDICTED RECONSTRUCTION
DEVIATION DEVIATION
FROM PREDICTED
Thrust
N 899,399 901,223 1824
(Ibf) (202,193) (202,603) (410) 0.20
Specific Impulse
N-s/kg 4202 42O4 2
(Ibf-s/Ibm) (428.5) (428.7) (O.2) 0.05
LOX Flowrate
kg/s 177.94 178.24 O. 30
(Ibm/s) (392.30) (392.95) (0.65) 0.17
Fuel Flowrate
kg/s 36. O9 36.14 0.05
(Ibm/s) (79.57) (79.67) (0.10) 0.14
Engine Mixture
Ratio
LOX/Fuel 4.930 4.932 0.002 0.04
of the flow forces for a PU valve with a rotated baffle (determined from
recent engine manufacturer testing) combined with the PU electronics gain
factor (feedback to control) results in an expected valve displacement of
approximately 0.75 degree.
It was concluded that the shift in valve position during the AS-506 flight
was due largely to the increased flow forces resulting from the rotated
baffle and possibly partly due to an electrical phase change. This ob-
served 0.6 to 0.8 degree shift in valve position during null PU operation
is expected to occur on AS-507 and subsequent flights.
7.4 S-IVB SHUTDOWN TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE FOR FIRST BURN
S-IVB ECO was initiated at 699.34 seconds by a guidance velocity

cutoff command. The ECO transient was satisfactory and agreed closely with
the acceptance test and predictions. The total cutoff impulse to zero
percent of rated thrust was 188,302 N-s (42,332 Ibf-s). Cutoff occurred
with the PU valve in the nulJ position.
7.5 S-IVB PARKING ORBIT COAST PHASE CONDITIONING
The LH2 CVS performed satisfactorily, maintaining the fuel tank ullage
pressure at an average level of 13.4 N/cm2 (19.5 psia).
The continuous vent regulator was activated at 758.5 seconds. Continuous

venting was terminated at 9320.4 seconds. The CVS performance is shown
in Figure 7-3.
7-5
_FIRST ECO
2O
E
(.)
15
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0 I000 2000 3000 4000 5OOO
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
,, V I I I
0:00:00
0:30:00 I:00:00 1:30:00
Figure 7-3.
S-IVB CVS Performance - Coast Phase (Sheet 1 of 2)
7-6
S_TSTART OF T6
S_TSECOND ESC
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> 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 I0,000
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
,,, _ . , l , n '_;7 _7
1:30:00 2:00:00 2:30:00
Figure 7-3. S-IVB CVS Performance - Coast Phase (Sheet 2 of 2)
7-7
Calculations based on estimated temperatures indicate that the mass vented
during parking orbit was 966 kilograms (2130 Ibm) and that the boiloff
mass was 1081 kilograms (2383 Ibm).
7.6 S-IVB CHILLDOWN
ANDRESTARTFORSECONDBURN
Repressurization of the LOX and LH2 tanks was satisfactorily accomplished

by the 02/H2 burner. Helium heater "ON" commandwas initiated at 9320.2
seconds. The LH2 repressurization control valves were opened at helium
heater "ON" +6.1 seconds and the fuel tank was repressurized from 13.4 to
20.8 N/cm2 (19.5 to 30.2 psia) in 193.7 seconds. There were 12.1 kilograms
(26.7 Ibm) of cold helium used to repressurize the LH2 tank. The LOX
repressurization control valves were opened at helium heater "ON" +6.3
seconds and the LOX tank was pressurized from 25.0 to 27.8 N/cm2 (36.2 to
40.3 psi) in 145.3 seconds. There were 1.95 kilograms (4.3 Ibm) of helium
used to repressurize the LOX tank. LH2 and LOX ullage pressures are shown
in Figure 7-4. The burner continued to operate for a total of 454.8
seconds providing nominal propellant settling forces. The performance of
the AS-506 02/H2 burner was satisfactory as shown in Figure 7-5.
The engine start sphere was recharged properly and maintained sufficient
pressure during coast. Between first and second burns, the rate of pres-
sure increase was less than predicted. Also the start bottle relief valve
regulated higher than the nominal setting.
The engine control sphere gas usage was as predicted during the first burn;
the ambient helium spheres recharged the control sphere to a nominal level
adequate for a proper restart.
The S-IVB propellant recirculation systems performed satisfactorily and

provided adequate conditioning of propellants to the J-2 engine for the
restart as shown in Figure 7-6. Second burn fuel lead resulted in satis-
factory conditions as indicated by the thrust chamber and fuel injector
temperatures. The start tank performed satisfactorily during the second
burn blowdown and recharge sequence.
The second burn start transient was satisfactory with thrust buildup
similar to the thrust buildup on flights AS-501 through AS-505. The PU
valve was in the proper full open (4.5 EMR) position prior to the second
start.
The total impulse from STDVto STDV+2.5 seconds was 794,114 N-s (178,524
Ibf-s). This was less than the value of 833,615 N-s (187,404 Ibf-s) ob-
tained during the same interval for the acceptance test.
The helium control system performed satisfactorily during second burn

mainstage. There was little pressure decay during the burn due to the
connection to the stage repressurization system. Approximately 0.553
kilogram (1.22 Ibm) of helium was consumed during second burn.
7-8
S_7 HELIUM HEATER ON, 9320.2
LH2 AND LOX CRYOGENIC REPRESS VALVES OPEN, 9326.3 and 9326.5
S_TTERMINATION OF LOX TANK REPRESS
_7 TERMINATION OF LH2 TANK REPRESS

S_7 HELIUM HEATER OFF
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TIME FROM HELIUM HEATER ON, SECONDS
| , V , , !
02 : 34 : O0 02:36:00 02:38:00 02:40:00 02:42:00 02:44:00
RANGE TIME, FIOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS
Figure 7-4. S-IVB Ullage Conditions During Repressurization

Using 02/H 2 Burner
7-9
HELIUMHEATER
ON, 9320.2
LH2ANDLOXCRYOGENICREPRESS OPEN,9326.3 AND9326.5
VALVES
S_TTERMINATION
OF LOXTANKREPRESS
S_7TERMINATION
OFLH2TANKREPRESS
S_7HELIUM
HEATER
OFF
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TIME FROM HELIUM HEATER ON, SECONDS
g7
, _7 , _7, _7 , , _ ,
02:34:00 02:36:00 02:38:00 02:40:00 02:42:00 02:44:00
Figure 7-5. S-IVB 02/H 2 Burner Thrust and Pressurant Fl0wrates
7-10
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7.7 S-IVB MAINSTAGE PERFORMANCE FOR SECOND BURN
The propulsion reconstruction analysis showed that the stage performance

during mainstage operation was satisfactory. A comparison of predicted
and actual performance of thrust, total flowrate, specific impulse, and
mixture ratio versus time is shown in Figure 7-7. Table 7-2 shows the
specific impulse, flowrates and mixture ratio deviations from the pre-
dicted at the STDV +172-second time slice. This time slice performance
is the standardized altitude performance which is comparable to the first
burn slice at 137 seconds.
The 172-second time slice performance for second burn thrust was 0.56 per-
cent lower than predicted. Specific impulse performance for second burn
was 0.05 percent higher than predicted. A shift in performance at the null
PU valve position (-1.5 degrees) occurred during second burn. A shift in
the Gas Generator (GG) system resistance is suspected as being the cause
of the down shift of 6859 Newtons (1542 Ibf). Also, during second burn
several PU valve system resistance shifts are believed to have occurred.
S-IVB second burn duration was 346.9 seconds which was 1.7 seconds less
than predicted.
7.8 S-IVB SHUTDOWN TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE FOR SECOND BURN
S-IVB ECO was initiated at 10,203.07 seconds by a guidance velocity

cutoff command which resulted in 1.70 seconds shorter than predicted second
burn time. The transient was satisfactory and agreed closely with the
acceptance test and predictions. The total cutoff impulse to zero percent
of rated thrust was 239,061 N-s (53,743 Ibf-s). Cutoff occurred with the
PU valve in the null position.
7.9 S-IVB STAGE PROPELLANT MANAGEMENT
The PU system was operated in the open-loop mode. The PU system success-
fully accomplished the requirements associated with propellant loading.
A comparison of propellant mass values at critical flight events, as deter-

mined by various analyses, is presented in Table 7-3. The best estimate
full load propellant masses were 0.25 percent greater for LOX and 0.25 per-
cent greater for LH2 than the predicted values. These deviations were
well within the required loading accuracies.
Extrapolation of propellant level sensor data to depletion, using propel-

lant flowrates, indicated that a LOX depletion cutoff would have occurred
approximately 12.4 seconds after second burn velocity cutoff.
During first burn, the PU valve was positioned at null for start and re-
mained there, as programed, for the duration of the burn. The PU valve
was commanded to the 4.5 EMR position 119.9 seconds prior to second burn
start command, and remained there for 246.1 seconds. At second ESC +126.2
7-12
ACTUAL %_7 SECONDESC
ACTUAL _7 SECOND ESC
PREDICTED _7 SECONDECO
PREDICTED _7 SECOND ECO PREDICTED BAND
PREDICTED BAND
220
i.C
0.22 - 480
- 470
210
O. 9 0.20 - 460 .g
i _c I-.-
0.18
_- 0.8 0 190 _-- - 420 o_
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0.16 - 400 ;....

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- 435 5.2
I _ _25D I ...._ ....
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J
430
uo
_200
_ 4.6
I 425
_ w
4150
_o 4.3
_J__
! 420
4.0
_I00 300 350
5O 1O0 150 200 250 300 350" 0 50 1 O0 150 200 250
TIME FROM STDV + 2.5 SECONDS TIME FROM STDV +2.5 SECONDS
I I I I I I I I I
2:50:00 2:44:00 2:46:00 2:48:00 2:50:00
2:44:00 2:46:00 2:48:00
Figure 7-7. S-IVB Steady-State Performance - Second Burn

Tabl e 7-2.
S-IVB Steady State Performance - Second Burn (STDV +172-Second
Time Slice at Standard Altitude Conditions)
PARAMETER SECOND BURN FLIGHT PERCENT

PREDICTED
RECONSTRUCTION DEVIATION DEVIATION
i FROM PREDICTED
Thrust
N 899,399 894,364 -5035
(Ibf) (202,193) (201,061) (-1132) -0.56
Specific Impulse
N-s/kg 4202 42O4 2
(I bf-s/Ibm) (428.5) (428.7) (0.2) 0.05
LOX Flowrate
kg/s 177.94 176.86 -1.1
(Ibm/s) (392.30) (389.90) ( -2.4) -0.61
Fuel Flowrate
kg/s 36.09 35.88
(Ibm/s) (79.57) (79.10) -0.59
Engine Mixture
Ratio
LOX/Fuel 4.930 4.929 -0.001 -0.02
Table 7-3. S-IVB Stage Propellant Mass History
PU INDICATED
EVENT UNITS PREDICTED (CORRECTED) PU VOLUMETRIC FLOW INTEGRAL BEST ESTIMATE
LOX LH 2 LOX LH 2 LOX LH 2 LOX LH 2 LOX LH 2

S-IC Ignition kg 87,100 19,731 87,187 19,761 87,360 19,791 87,119 19,753 87,315 19,780
(Ibm) (192,023) (43,500) (192,215) (43,565) (192,596) (43,631) (192,065) (43,548) (192,497) (43,608)
First S-IVB 87,187 19,756 87,360 19,786 87,119 19,753 87,315 19,757
Ignition (Ib_I 87,100
(192,023) 19,731
(43,500) (192,215) (43,555) (192,596) (43,621) (192,065) (43,548) (192,497) (43,557)
First S-IVB
61,242 14,284 61,354 14,380
Cutoff (Ib_I 61,539 14,556 61,007 14,437 61,300 14,395
(135,670) (32,091) (135,016) (31,491) (135,262) (31,702) (134,497) _31,829) (135,144) (31,736)
Second S-IVB kg 61,406 13,283 61,124 13,207 61,236 13,303 60,884 13,326 61,151 13,301
Ignition (Ibm) (135,377) (29,284) (134,756) (29,116) (135,002) (29,327) (134,227) (29,378) (134,817) (29,324)
Second S-IVB kg 2371 926 2489 974 2484 968 2441 948 2488 970
Cutoff (Ibm) (5228) (2043) (5487) (2147) (5477) (2133) (5381) (2089) (5486) (2139)
seconds the valve was commanded to the null position (approximately 5.0
EMR) and remained there throughout the remainder of the flight.
7.10 S-IVB PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
7.10.1 S-IVB Fuel Pressurization System
The LH2 pressurization system operationally met all engine performance

requirements during prepressurization, boost, first burn, coast phase,
and second burn.
7-14
Following the termination of prepressurization, the ullage pressure
reached relief conditions, approximately 22.0 N/cm2 (32.0 psia) and re-
mained at that level until just after liftoff as shown in Figure 7-8. A
small ullage collapse occurred during the first 5 seconds of boost, and
then returned to the relief level at 70 seconds due to self pressurization.
All during the burn the ullage pressure was at the relief level, as pre-
dicted.
The LH2 ullage pressure was 21.4 N/cm 2 (31.0 psia) at second burn ESC as
shown in Figure 7-9. Significant venting during second burn occurred at
second ESC +280 seconds when step pressurization was initiated. This
behavior was as predicted.
The LH 2 pump inlet Net Positive Suction Pressure (NPSP) was calculated from
the pump interface temperature and total pressure. Throughout the burn,
the NPSP had satisfactory agreement with the predicted. Figures 7-10 and
7-11 summarize the fuel pump inlet conditions for first and second burns,
respectively.
_71NITIATION OF PREPRESSURIZATION
S_7 FIRST ECO
3O
4O
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z
25
30 u_
c_ | ,,,
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LJJ C9
c_ | ...._ _j
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lO
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0:00:00 0:30:00 I:00:00 1:30:00 2:00:00 2:30:00
Figure 7-8. S-IVB LH 2 Ullage Pressure - First Burn and Parking Orbit
7-15
25
i_7 CRYOGENIC" REPRESSURIZATION
/I. ,. S_7 SECOND ECO, 10,203.07 l
S_7 OPEN CVS, 10,203.8 i .30
2O CLOSE LATCHING NPV, II,103.1
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Figure 7'9. S-IVB LH2 Ullage Pressure - Second Burn and Translunar Coast
7-16
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5O 1O0 150 200 250 300 350 400

TIME FROM SECONDESC, SECONDS
I J [ I i , J
2:44:00 2:46:00 2:48:00 2:50:00
RANGETIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS
Figure 7-11. S-IVB Fuel Pump Inlet Conditions - Second Burn
7-18
7.10.2 S-IVB LOX Pressurization System
LOX tank prepressurization was initiated at -167.5 seconds and increased

the LOX tank ullage pressure from ambient to 28.3 N/cm2 (41.1 psia) within
18.5 seconds as shown in Figure 7-12. Three makeup cycles were required
to maintain the LOX tank ullage pressure before the ullage temperature
stabilized. At -96 seconds the LOX tank ullage pressure increased from
27.4 to 28.5 N/cm2 (39.8 to 41.4 psia) due to fuel tank prepressurization,
LOX tank vent purge, and LOX pressure sense line purge. These conditions
plus boiloff caused the vent/relief valve to open, holding the pressure
at 28.8 N/cm2 (41.8 psia). The pressure remained at this level until lift-
off.
During S-IC boost there was a relatively high rate of ullage pressure decay
caused by an acceleration effect and subsequent thermal collapse, the decay
necessitated one makeup cycle from the cold helium spheres as shown in
Figure 7-12.
_7 LOX TANK PREPRESS INITIATION
_7 FIRST ESC, 549.2

S_7 FIRST ECO, 699.34
35 5O
n_
or-
E
u
-_ 30 ___MAXlMUM PREDICTED Q.
Z
- 4O
rY
25 -'K _- ACTUAL _0
i,I
_---MINIMUM PREDICTED rY
1,J
rY
- 3O i,J
,., 20
..J
X
× 15 - 2O 0
0
=J
I0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I ,
0:00:00 0:30:00 1:00:00 1:30:00 2:00:00 2:30:00

Figure 7-12. S-IVB LOX Tank Ullage Pressure - First Burn and
Parking Orbit
7-19
One makeup cycle was also required during S-II boost. Although ullage
cooling continued during this period, the major cause of the decay again
appears to be response to the vehicle acceleration. The LOX tank ullage
pressure was 27.7 N/cm2 (40.2 psia) at ESC.
During S-IVB first burn, three over-control cycles were initiated, as

predicted. Heat exchanger performance during first burn was satisfactory.
During the coast period between first and second burns the LOX ullage
pressure decreased from 29.0 to 25.0 N/cm2 (42.1 to 36.2 psia) which was
approximately 5 percent below the predicted minimum. Although this decay
was not a problem, it was greater than usual. The ullage pressure decay
could have been the result of a combination of factors, including bulk-
head heat transfer rate, initial coast ullage temperature, localized
boiling rates, and perturbations of the stage. The above possibilities
are still under investigation. The decay could also have been the result
of leakage through the LOX vent system although a leak of this magnitude
could not be detected by stage instrumentation, this possibility cannot
be completely eliminated.
Repressurization of the LOX tank prior to second burn was required. The
tank ullage pressure was increased from 25.0 to 27.9 N/cm2 (36.2 to 40.4
psia) prior to second ESC. At ESC the pressure was 27.7 N/cm2 (40.2 psia)
satisfying engine start requirements as shown in Figure 7-13.
Pressurization system performance during second burn was satisfactory,

having the same characteristics noted during first burn. As predicted,
there were no over-control cycles. Heat exchanger performance was satis-
factory.
The LOX NPSPcalculated at the interface was 16.81 N/cm2 (24.38 psid) at
first burn STDVopen. The minimum NPSPduring burn was 17.1 N/cm2 (24.8
psid) at I00 seconds after ESC. This was 11.4 N/cm2 (16.6 psid) above the
required NPSPat that time.
The LOX pump static interface pressure during first burn followed the
cyclic trends of the LOX tank ullage pressure. The NPSPcalculated at the
engine interface was 16.02 N/cm2 (23.24 psid) at second burn ESC. At all
times during second burn, NPSPwas above the required level. Figure 7-14
and 7-15 summarize the LOX pump conditions for the first burn and second
burn, respectively.
The cold helium supply was adequate to meet all flight requirements. At
first burn ESC the cold helium spheres contained 171 kilograms (378 Ibm)
of helium. At the end of the first burn, the helium mass had decreased
to 147 kilograms (325 Ibm). At second burn ESC the spheres contained
132 kilograms (292 Ibm) of helium. At the end of second burn the helium
mass had decreased to 75 kilograms (166 Ibm). Figure 7-16 shows helium
supply pressure history.
7-20
SECOND ESC
SECOND ECO, 10,203.07
_TLOX TANK NONPROPULSIVE VENT OPENED, 10,204.0
S_TLOX TANK NONPROPULSIVE VENT CLOSED, 10,354.0
_TMANEUVER TO TRANSPOSITION, DOCKING, AND EXTRACTION
_/CSM/S-IVB SEPARATION
S_TSTART LOX DUMP, 18,187.6
S_'END LOX DUMP, 18,295.8
_TLOX TANK NONPROPULSIVE VENT OPENED, 18,490.8
35 5O
3O
4O
25 m_
,._
r,..,
e_ ACTUAL f- MAXIMUM _REDICTED 30
m 20
u.l
-_%.1
_N 15
1If" 2o
× 10
MINIMUM PREDICTED ._.1
lO
0
9 I0 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 !8 19
S_7 I ! !
2:30:00 3:30:00 4:30:00 5:30:00
2O
_15
20 r_
LU
r_
C_
C_
L_
I0
x
MAXIMUM PREDICTED.
MINIMUM PREDICTED
0 0
19 21 23 25 27 29
! ! !
5:30:00 6:30:00 7:30:00
Figure 7-13. S-IVB LOX Tank Ullage Pressure - Second Burn and
Transl unar Coast
7-21
LOX NPSP, N/cm2
LOX PUMP INLET LOX PUMP TOTAL INLET
TEMPERATURE, °K PRESSURE, N/cm2
o DO PO O0 CO
0 0 _ 0 _ 0
0
.--I°
I
e- (
o I
l
I
.=_
I --I .--I .--I
o I m _0 _-I
0 _
0
I
I
---I O0 0"1
O_ m --I .._
C_ 0
0 m r,-.
0
0 Z 1-11
X 0 m
_'_
m
-tl
c-
2N o_
o"1
"0 Po
!
I k,
r_ "s
CD I
I
i-'rl
0 I
0
,.._°
z I
...,.1 °
I
0
0 I
e_ I
I
I
,,..I °
I
tn "M I
c- I I ! I
I I I I I
r_O _ _ h_ hO 0 0 0 0
LOX PUMP INLET LOX PUMP TOTAL INLET LOX NPSP, psid
TEMPERATURE, °F PRESSURE, psia
SECOND ESC, 9848.2
SECOND BURN STDV OPEN, 9856.2

SECOND ECO
25
2O -30
E
(&
Z
15
20
a_
z 10 Z
X
REQUIRED
\
x
C) 0
._I .--I
lO
0 0
E
35 I 50
(.J
Z r'-,
3O
,::_ rr'
I'-" --'_ I I"-- --'_
OOO 4O O(X'}
I--oO
I--- On
I.l.I
-- PREDICTED
25 _-cL.
D-. I-- r_ i--

l.ul Lul
X..-I X--.I
OZ 0 7.
20 3O
93
--293
I._
1.--o I---o
LU ! -294
_J
z_
i.-i r_,'
92
I .--.I
ZlJ_l
_-._c_."
r_ I..-
--295 c_ I---
_',_C
r-, w 91 --296 c_-w

r_ r'_
X_'- X_Z
OL_ OL_J
•-J t--- -.Jl--
--297
90
0 5O 1O0 150 200 250 300 350 4O0
TIME FROM SECOND ESC, SECONDS
i , ,,S 7
2:44:00 2:46:00 2:48:00 2:50:00
Figure 7-15. S-IVB LOX Pump Inlet Conditions - Second Burn
7-23
_7 FIRST ECO
_7 START CRYOGENIC REPRESS
_7 STOP CRYOGENIC REPRESS, 9626.3

X_7 SECOND ESC, 9848.2
_7 SECOND ECO, 10,203.07

_7 START COLD HELIUM DUMP, 10,264
END COLD HELIUM DUMP,

2500
3000
2000 _
1500 n_
E
u
2000 C)_
z
W
C_
cz)
Cz_
W
C_
r_
1000
I000
5OO
0
0 4 8 12 16 20
I I
0:00:00 2:00:00 4:00:00
Figure 7-16. S-IVB Cold Helium Supply History
7-24
7.11 S-IVB PNEUMATIC
CONTROL
SYSTEM
The pneumatic control and purge system performed satisfactorily during

all phases of the mission. System performance was nominal during boost
and first burn operations.
7.12 S-IVB AUXILIARY PROPULSION

SYSTEM
The Auxiliary Propulsion System (APS) pressurization system demonstrated

nominal performance throughout the flight and met control system demands
as required.
System pressures and propellant temperatures are presented in Table 7-4,
All APS engines performed satisfactorily with chamber pressures ranging

from 62 to 69 N/cm2 (90 to I00 psia).
The APS ullage engines were turned on at approximately 700 seconds and 9775
seconds for propellant settling and were turned on a third time at approxi-
mately 20,268 seconds to provide additional impulse for the slingshot
maneuver.
The propellant consumption curves and predictions are presented in Figure

7-17. Table 7-5 presents the APS oxidizer and fuel consumption at signifi-
cant events during the flight.
Table 7-4. S-IVB APS Propellant Conditions
PARAMETER MODULE NO. 1 MODULE NO. 2
FUEL OXIDIZER FUEL OXIDIZER
Ullage Pressure
N/cm Z 131 to 133 131 to 133 128 to 130 131 to 133
(psia) (190 to 193) (190 to 193) (186 to 188} (190 to 193)
Propellant Manifold
Pressure
133 to 135 133 to 135 130 to 131 131 to 132
tl/cm2
(psia) (193 to 196) (193 to 196) (188 to !go) (190 to 192)
Propell ant Temperature

(Control Module)
297 to 304 300 to 309 303 to 315 302 to 315
oK
(75 to 87) (80 to 96) (86 to 107) (84 to 107)
(°F)
Regulator Outlet
Pressure
N/cm 2 128.2 to 134.4 128.2 to 134.4 134 to 135 134 to 135
(psia) (186 to 195) (186 to 195) (194 to 196) (194 to 196)
7-25
_7 FIRST ESC, 549.2
1_7 FIRST ECO, 699,34
S_7 SECOND ESC, 9848.2
_7 SECOND ECO, 10,203.07
1_7 LOX DUMP
_7 APS ULLAGE BURN
I00 MODULE NO. 1 I00, . MODULE NO. 2
90 -200 90
II - 200
8o -175 80 - 175
70
6o
PREDICTED BAND_]'____
CTU 150
125 _
_ _ 60
70
PREDICTED BAND_ _
I
150
125
OXIDIZER ==
5 --,._ _ <_ =<
I J I00
f_
Oh
40 '_,..__ L ___ ,.-H __ 40
c:c
75 a. _" 75
PREDICTED BAND
_
30 PREDICTED BAND--_ /FUEL 30
-5O
---_ _ 50
20 20
25
I0 -25 I0
0 0 0 0
0 8000 16,000 24,000 32,000 0 8000 16,000 24,000 32,000
RANGE TIME, SECONDS RANGE TIME, SECONDS

_7 _7
, _z, , ,_,, , ,, , , ,7
O:OO:O0 2:00:00 4:00:00 6:00:00 8:00:00 I0:00:00 O:O0:O0 2:00:00 4:00:00 6:00:00 8:00:00 I0:00:00
RANGE TIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS RANGE TIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS
Figure 7-17. S-IVB APS Propellants Remaining Versus Range Time, Module No. 1 and Module No. 2
Table 7-5. S-IVB APS Propellant Consumption
MODULE AT POSITION I MODULE AT POSITION III

TIME PERIOD
OXIDIZER FUEL OXIDIZER FUEL
KG (LBM) KG (LBr.I) KG (LBM) KG (LBM)
Initial Load 92.16 (203.00) 57.20 (126.00) 92.08 (203.00) 57.20 (126.00)
First Burn 0.43 (0.95) 0.35 (0.76) 0.43 (0.95) 0.33 (0.72)
(Roll Control)
ECO to End of 7.30 (16.07) 5.52 (12.18) 7.27 (16.02) 5.53 (12.17)
First APS Ullaging
End of First Ullage 4.48 (9.88) 2.77 (6.11) 2.38 (5.24) 1.48 (3.27)
Burn to Start of T 6
T 6 to Start of 0.83 (1.83) 0.52 (1.15) 0.12 (0.26) 0.07 (0.16)

Second Ullage
Second Ullage Burn 6.12 (13.50) 4.80 (IO.58) 5.57 (12.27) 4.34 (9.57)
Second Burn 0.59 (I.29) 0.38 (0.84) 0.II (o.25) o.07 (0.16)
(Roll Control)
ECO to LOX Dump 4.03 (8.88) 2.52 (5.55) 7.55 (16.64) 4.72 (io.41)
LOX Dump 1.27 (2.80) 0.79 (1.74) 3.18 (7.00) 1.98 (4.37)
LOX Dump to Third 1.78 (3.92) I.II (2.45) 1.45 (3.20) 0.91 (2.00)
Ullage Burn
Third Ullage Burn 18.06 (39.82) 14.45 (31.85) 19.09 (42.09) 15.09 (33.27)
Third Ullage Burn 4.60 (10.14) 2.97 (6.55) 4.27 (9.42) 2.67 (5.89)
to Loss of Data
Total Usage 49.52 (I09.08) 36.16 (79.72) 51.41 (113.34) 37.19 (81.99)
7.13 S-IVB ORBITAL SAFING OPERATIONS
7.13.1 Fuel Tank Safing
The LH2 tank was satisfactorily safed using three programed vent cycles
utilizing both the Non Propulsive Vent (NPV) and CVS as indicated in
Figure 7-18. The LH2 tank ullage pressure during safing is shown in
Figure 7-9. At second ECO, the LH2 tank ullage pressure was 22.4 N/cm2
(32.4 psia) and after three vents had decayed to approximately zero. The
mass of GH2 and LH2 vented agrees well with the 1174 kilograms (2589 Ibm)
of liquid residual and pressurant in the tank at the end of powered flight.
7.13.2 LOX Tank Dump and Safing
Immediately following second burn cutoff, a programed 150-second vent

cycle reduced LOX tank ullage pressure from 27.2 to 13.0 N/cm2 (39.4 to
18.9 psia) as shown in Figure 7-13. Data levels were as expected with
32 kilograms (71 Ibm) of helium and 50 kilograms (II0 Ibm) of GOX being
vented overboard. As indicated in Figure 7-13, the ullage pressure then
increased due to self-pressurization and sloshing to 16.6 N/cm L (24.1
psia) at initiation of LOX dump.
7-27
LH2 TANK CVS OPEN
LOX TANK NPV VALVE OPEN I
LH2 TANK LATCH NPV OPEN
J-2 ENGINE START SPHERE DUMP J
I I
COLD HELIUM DUMP
I
AUX HYDRAULIC PUMP ON
STAGE PNEUMATLCCONTROLSPHERE DUMP

I
-.j
APS ULLAGE ENGINES ON
I
O0 AMBIENT REPRESS DUMP
J-2 ENGINE LOX DOMEPURGE
LOX DUMP
J-2 ENGINE CONTROLSPHERE DUMP
! |
,A, ,
13 , I'4 ' '
15 _' l'z ' 1'9 '
I0 II
RANGETIME, I000 SECONDS
I '_v ' _, ' '
2:50:00 3:25:00 3:50:00 4:50:00 5:25:00
Figure 7-18. S-IVB LOX Dump and Orbital Safing Sequence

The 108-second LOX tank dump was initiated at 18,187.6 seconds and was
satisfactorily accomplished. A steady-state liquid flow of 0.024 m3/s
(380.6 gpm) was reached within 50 seconds.
Approximately 79 seconds after dump initiation, the measured LOX flowrate

showed a sudden increase indicating that gas ingestion had begun. Shortly
thereafter, the LOX ullage pressure began decreasing at a greater rate.
Calculations indicate the LOX residual, approximately 921 kilograms (2030
Ibm), was essentially dumped within I00 seconds. Ullage gases continued
to be dumped until the programed termination. The tank pressure had de-
cayed to 15.4 N/cm2 (22.4 psig) at this time.
LOX dump ended at 18,295.8 seconds as scheduled by closure of the Main

Oxidizer Valve (MOV). A steady-state LOX dump thrust of 4003 Newtons
(900 Ibf) was obtained. The total impulse before MOV closure was 318,048
N-s (71,500 Ibf-s), resulting in a calculated velocity increase of 17 m/s
(55,8 ft/s). Figure 7-19 shows the LOX flowrate during dump and the mass
of liquid and gas in the oxidizer tank. This figure also shows LOX ullage
pressure and the LOX dump thrust produced. The predicted curves provided
for the LOX flowrate and dump thrust correspond to the quantity of LOX
dumped and the actual ullage pressure.
At 195 seconds after the end of LOX dump the LOX NPV valve was opened for
the duration of the mission. LOX tank ullage pressure decayed from 15.5
N/cm2 (22.5 psia) at 18,490.8 seconds to zero pressure at approximately
24,000 seconds.
7.13.3 Cold Helium Dump
Cold helium was dumped through the 02/H2 burner LH 2 heating coils and into
the LH2 tank, and overboard through the tank vents.
Three separate programed dumps totaling 3537 seconds were made starting at
10,264 seconds, as shown in Figure 7-16. During these periods, the pressure
decayed from 365 to 17 N/cm2 (530 to 25 psia). Approximately 73.9 kilograms
(163 Ibm) of helium were dumped overboard.
7.13.4 Ambient Helium Dump
The ambient helium in the LOX and LH2 repress spheres was dumped through
the fuel tank. The 60-second dump was commanded on at 10,204.8 seconds
and started at 10,221.6 seconds when the LH2 tank pressure switch dropped
out and allowed the repress valve to open, The pressure in the fuel
repress spheres decayed from 2124 to 579 N/cm2 (3080 to 840 psia) and
15.6 kilograms (34.4 Ibm) of helium were dumped.
7.13.5 Stage Pneumatic Control Sphere Safing
The stage pneumatic control sphere was safed by initiating the J-2 engine
pump purge and flowing helium overboard through the pump seal cavities.
7-29
sqL '±Sn_Hl s/mq[ wq[ _SS'_4 X04
0
'31V_M073 alnbl7
°0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,
0 0 c_J _ C'q oJ
,-- CO '4_ _
I",,,
0
o")
0
0
co ,0
:/
0,
i ) p.,,,
oO
0
E
Z
0
cO
I--
_
c,O
Z
0
'--_
Z
j_ I /I
I
Z Z
// O0
r',,
c,J
,--" Z
,.
.0
°,
X
0
_1
_o-
_-i /_/ ,,
i h I ] I
_-_ Z
°°
0
I '"
I--- I '"
I--.
0
0
c,_ I
g_
/ °-
"k_.l
0 _ 0
I '" I '" d-; . D_
I
I o_
°_,-
C4N
t_
t . 0
(M
"/f'
0
°,
m
i P_
D' o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C_
0 _0 I_
0 0 0 0 0 fO 0J r- 0 0 0 0 0 .0
0 0 0 0 0 LO 0 0
o_ N
00
s16_ 8WO/N '3_nss3_d

N 'ISN_HI '3±V'dMO'l_
oInbI4 6_ 'SSVW. XO4 39V77N XO]
The safing period of 3600 seconds satisfactorily reduced the potential
energy in the spheres.
7.13.6 Engine Start Sphere Safing
The engine start sphere was safed during an approximately 148-second

period starting at 10,206.3 seconds. Safing was accomplished by open-
ing the sphere vent valve. Pressure was decreased from 776 N/cm2
(1125 psia) to zero with 1.78 kilograms (3.93 Ibm) of hydrogen being
vented.
7.13.7 Engine Control Sphere Safing
The engine control sphere safing began at 18,505 seconds. The helium
control solenoid was energized to flow helium overboard through the
engine purge system. The pressure decayed from 1379 to 103.4 N/cm 2
(2000 to 150 psia) and 0.680 kilogram (1.50 Ibm) of helium was vented
during the 1300-second safing period.
7-31/7-32
SECTION8
HYDRAULICSYSTEMS
8.1 SUMMARY
The stage hydraulic systems performed satisfactorily on the S-IC, S-II,

and first burn and coast phase of the S-IVB stage. During this period
all parameters were within specification limits.
The S-IVB hydraulic system pressure exceeded the upper limit by 0.6 per-
cent just after second burn ignition and remained at this level until
202 seconds into the burn. At this time a step decrease in system pres-
sure to a normal operating level occurred. The pressure remained at
this level for the remainder of the burn. Other than this minor devia-
tion system performance was nominal and no other problems were noted.
The manufacturer of the S-IVB engine driven hydraulic pump states that
the pump has an output pressure "drift-up" characteristic that could
account for this excess pressure. The abrupt pressure changes noted
during the burn are probably due to frictional hysteresis within the
engine driven pump pressure/flow-regulating mechanism. The pump manu-
facturer does not consider this condition to indicate impending mal-
function of the engine driven pump.
8.2 S-IC HYDRAULICSYSTEM
The performance of the S-IC hydraulic system was satisfactory. All servo-
actuator supply pressures, and return pressures and temperatures were
within required limits.
8.3 S-II HYDRAULICSYSTEM
System steady-state supply pressures during flight ranged from 2400 to

2468 N/cm 2 (3480 to 3580 psia) with steady-state reservoir pressures
ranging from 63 to 70 N/cmL (92 to I01 psia). These pressures were well
within the predicted ranges of 2275 to 2620 N/cm 2 (3300 to 3800 psia)
and 54 to 72 N/cm 2 (78 to 105 psia), respectively. Reservoir volumes at
Engine Cutoff (ECO) ranged from 16 to 21 percent, well within the pre-
dicted range of 12 to 34 percent. Reservoir fluid temperatures at ECO
8-I
ranged from 304 to 319°K (88 to II5°F) compared to a predicted 300 to
328°K (80 to 130°F). The reservoir fluid temperatures and rate of in-
crease of these temperatures compared well with predicted values.
Throughout the flight, all servoactuators responded to commandswith

good precision. The maximumdifference between actuator commandand
position was 0.2 degree. Forces acting on the actuators were well below
a predicted maximumof 84,516 Newtons (19,000 Ibf). The maximumforce
in tension was 32,027 Newtons (7200 Ibf) acting on the pitch actuator
of engine No. I. The maximum force in compression was 35,586 Newtons
(8000 Ibf) acting on the pitch actuator of engine No. I.
8.4 S-IVB HYDRAULICSYSTEM
The S-IVB hydraulic system performance was nominal during S-IC/S-II boost
and S-IVB first burn. The supply pressure was nearly constant at 2503
N/cm2 (3630 psia) as compared to an allowable of 2425 to 2527 N/cm2
(3515 to 3665 psia). System flow requirement was provided by the engine
driven hydraulic pump during first burn as indicated by a rise in system
pressure after ignition and an auxiliary pump motor current draw of 19.5
amperes. Power extraction by the engine driven pump during burn was
3.64 kw (4.88 horsepower).
Engine deflections were nominal during first burn.
During orbital coast, two hydraulic system thermal cycles of 48 seconds

duration were programed to start at 3300 and 6100 seconds.
The auxiliary hydraulic pump was turned on at 9497.2 seconds during second
burn prestart preparations. System operation was normal with output pres-
sure at 2487 N/cmZ (3610 psia) as shown in Figure 8-I. After second ESC
at 9848.2 seconds, as the engine driven pump commencedoperation, the
system pressure increased to 2542 N/cm2 (3688 psia) which exceeded the
upper limit of 2526 N/cm2 (3665 psia) by 0.6 percent. At 10,050 seconds
system pressure dropped below the upper limit to 2505 N/cm2 (3632 psia)
and remained steady until 10,233.1 seconds when the auxiliary pumpwas
turned off. At 10,050 seconds, as the system pressure dropped, the
auxiliary pump motor current increased from 20 to 30 amperes indicating
that the auxiliary pump assumed an increased share of the hydraulic load.
System temperatures, actuator positions and auxiliary pump current loads
were normal during the burn and therefore this slight excess in system
pressure did not appear to cause any problems.
The pump manufacturer states that the engine driven hydraulic pump has a
"drift-up" characteristic which, when combined with uncompensated thermal:
expansion in the pump compensator mechanism, makes a rise in output pres-
sure during second burn highly likely. It should be noted that the pre-
dicted upper limit of output pressure does not make allowance for this
pressure increase. The excessive system pressure after S-IVB second
8-2
150
_AUXILIARY HYDRAULIC PUMP ON •2OO

S_TsEcOND ESC
125
_TAUXILIARY HYDRAULIC PUMP OFF
SECOND ECO
-160
..... PREDICTED LIMITS _ACTUAL DATA
3OOO I00
I I c_
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
- 4000
PRESSURE I •120 _-
.-.. _L._ .-_4..--._-, ..... 75
25OO #-_ -4
£.= .._ _ ....
{z3
ACCUMULATOR GN2 or}
PRESSURE I
_- 50 8o_
c_
' 3OOO
2000
cz_
4O
25
1500 q
.2000 0
1 340
I i II _HYDRAULIC
I
PUMP INLET_
I fl
1000 i ! !I OIL TEMP.

100
120
320
Oo
I
co
8O
AFT BATTERY NO. 2
_'CURRENT LOAD
.300 80 _
L...... ,I_._._.F-_.._l_--___ RESERVOIR
OIL
= 60 m
N
P__
.... r TEMPERATURE
,=, 28o '40 w
4O I--
260
2O .... I
240
9250 9450 9650 9850 10,050 10,250 10,450 9250 9450 9650 9850 10,050 10,250 10,450
I !
2:35:00 2:40:00 2:45:00 2:50:00 2:35:00 2:40:00 2:45:00 2:50:00
RANGE TIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS RANGE TIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS
Figure 8-I. S-IVB Hydraulic System - Second Burn

start is probably due to this effect. The abrupt changes noted during
the burn could be due to frictional hysteresis in the pressure/flow-
regulating mechanism shown schematically in Figure 8-2. The pump res-
ponse to a slowly changing demand would then consist of small step
changes in output pressure.
The pump manufacturer indicates that the frictional hysteresis may be

due to "silting" or entrapment of particulate matter in the small clear-
ance between the compensator spool and sleeve. These components have a
lap fit with a clearance of 0.00076 to 0.0010 centimeter (0.0003 to 0.0004
in.) whereas the circulating fluid has nominal 15 micron (0.00059 in.)
filtration. This added friction would increase the required force on the
spool before a response could occur. It should be noted however, that
the existence of silting is not necessary to explain this high friction.
The extremely small clearance of the lapped fit between the spool and
sleeve, possibly modified by normal wear in proportion to pump life,
could be a sufficient explanation. In any case, the pump manufacturer
considers that this condition does not indicate impending malfunction of
the engine driven pump.
IKE SPRING
YOKE ACTUATING PUMPOUTLET

CYLINDER
__OUTPUT
PRESSURE
--COMPENSATOR
VALVE SPOOL
PUMP
INPUT
SHAFT --COMPENSATOR
VALVE SPRING
----PRESSURE
ADJUSTMENT
PUMP
YOKE _PUMP INLET
Figure 8-2. S-IVB Engine Driven Hydraulic Pump Schematic
8-4
SECTION 9
STRUCTURES
9.1 SUMMARY
The structural loads and dynamic environments experienced by the AS-506

launch vehicle were well within the vehicle structural capability. The
longitudinal loads experienced during flight were nominal. The maximum
bending moment condition, 3.75 x 106 N-m (33.2 x 106 Ibf-in.), was experi-
enced at 91.5 seconds and was lower than that experienced on any previous
flights. The maximum longitudinal loads on the S-IC thrust structure,
fuel tank, and intertank were experienced at 135.2 seconds, Center Engine
Cutoff (CECO). On all the vehicle structure above the intertank, the
maximum longitudinal loads were experienced at 161.6 seconds, Outboard
Engine Cutoff (OECO), at the maximum longitudinal acceleration of 3.94 g.
During the S-IC boost phase, low-level (±0.07 g) 4.8-hertz longitudinal

oscillations were detected in the Instrument Unit (IU) and peaked at
approximately 107 seconds. These oscillations occurred in the first
vehicle mode. Except for AS-502, the amplitudes of the oscillations were
slightly higher than those observed on other previous flights.
The S-IVB gimbal block longitudinal measurement recorded a small (±0.037 g

at 15.5 hertz) oscillation buildup at 252 seconds (S-II boost phase).
Similar oscillations were experienced on the AS-505 flight.
Low-frequency longitudinal oscillations similar to those experienced on

the AS-505 flight occurred during AS-506 S-IVB first and second burns.
The AS-506 first burn peak amplitude I+0.07 g at 19 hertz) was about 20
percent of the AS-505 peak amplitude _0.3 g at 19 hertz). The second
burn oscillations peaked at approximately ±0.12 g (13 hertz) at 10,172
seconds.
9.2 TOTAL VEHICLE STRUCTURES EVALUATION
9.2.1 Longitudinal Loads
The AS-506 vehicle liftoff occurred nominally at a steady-state accelera-

tion of approximately 1.2 g. Transients due to thrust buildup and release
resulted in a ±0.13 g maximum longitudinal dynamic acceleration measured
9-I
at the IU. The slow-release rod forces measured during liftoff are pre-
sented in Figure 9-I.
The longitudinal loads that existed at the time of maximumaerodynamic

loading (91.5 seconds) are shown in Figure 9-2. The steady-state longi-
tudinal acceleration was 2.34 g, and the corresponding axial loads
experienced were nominal.
As shown in Figure 9-2, the maximumlongitudinal loads imposed on the S-IC

thrust structure, fuel tank, and intertank occurred at 135.2 seconds (CECO)
at a longitudinal acceleration of 3.71 g. The maximumlongitudinal loads
imposed on all vehicle structure above the S-IC intertank occurred at
161.6 seconds (OECO)at an acceleration of 3.94 g.
9.2.2 Bending Moments
The lateral loads experienced during thrust buildup and release were much
lower than design because of the low-level winds experienced during launch.
The wind speed at launch was 3.3 m/s (6.4 knots) at the 18.3-meter (60-ft)
level. The comparable launch vehicle and spacecraft redline winds were
18.9 m/s (36.8 knots) and 15.4 m/s (30 knots), respectively.
mLmL__
AS-502
AS-503
500 INVALID DATA _I -- AS-504
--._ AS-505
AS-506
400
z -\. \ . %
_o 3oo
-60
o
r_
o
2OO
- .\\!!, ',,
1 O0 \
' "\\
0
'\ \\', ,0
0 0.I 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
TIME FROM RELEASE, SECONDS
I I I I I I I I I I
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 o0 1 .I 1.2
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-I. Release Rod Force Time History Comparison
9-2
VEHICLE STATION, in.
! !
40'00 3000 2000 1000
VEHICLE STATION, m
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0 0
5O
t = 91'.5 SEC
ACCELERATION = 2.34 g
-I0
.......... t = 135.2 SEC
4O
.... t = 161.6 SEC
q,_
30
'6,_o
o
0
..,,J .........7., r--,
--, 20
G
4
x
),,--i
x
I0
Figure 9-2. Longitudinal Load at Maximum Bending Moment,

CECO and OECO
The inflight winds that existed during the maximum dynamic pressure phase
of the flight were low, 9.6 m/s (18.7 knots), at the ll.4-kilometer
(37,400 ft) level and were increasing steadily at higher altitudes, as
shown in Figure A-I. The maximum bending moments on AS-506 were less than
the bending moments experienced on any previous Saturn V vehicle, less
than 15 percent of design criteria. As shown in Figure 9-3, the maximum
bending moment of 3.75 x 106 N-m (33.2 x 106 Ibf-in.) was imposed on the
S-IC LOX tank at 91.5 seconds. Bending moment computations are based upon
measured inflight parameter_ such as thrust, gimbal angle, angle-of-attack,
dynamic pressure, and accelerations.
9.2.3 Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics
9.2.3.1 Longitudinal Dynamic Characteristics. The predicted first longi-

tudinal mode frequencies were present throughout the AS-506 S-IC boost
phase. As shown in Figure 9-4, the measured frequencies agree well with
the analytical predictions. The frequencies are determined by spectral
analysis using 5-second time slices.
9-3
VEHICLE STATION, in.
3000 2000. I000

VEHICLE STATION, m
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0 0
i i
t = 91.5 SEC
4O
= 1.7 DEG O. 08
B AVG= 0.27 DEG
_30
z--- 0.06
3
20 0.04 _j
TOTAL
NORMAL
OAO
/
_I0
J 0.02
I
\
Figure 9-3. Maximum Bending Moment Near Max Q
LEGEND
IO ffI_MLT313 rlK_l _IUU_
CO_IMAND"
MODU'L
E
MEASURED
FIRST MODE 0
N
-r- 6
(J
J
LaJ
C)" 0
i,i
4(
I,
2O 4O 60 80 I00 120 140 160

RANGETIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-4. First Longitudinal Modal Frequencies During

S-IC Powered Flight
9-4
The S-IC CECO and OECO transient responses measured at the Command Module
(CM) and the IU are shown in Figure 9-5. The decay of the CECO amplitudes
is comparable to previous flights, indicating that the vehicle damping in
the first mode is similar. Peak amplitudes of first mode oscillations
versus body station for the 135- to 138-second time slice are shown in
Figure 9-6. The amplitudes of several measurements on AS-504, AS-505, and
AS-506 are shown in this figure as well as a fit of the predicted first
vehicle longitudinal mode through the data points.
The most significant vehicle responses during the S-IC stage boost phase
were detected by the IU longitudinal (A2-603) measurements and the S-lC
intertank lon_itudinal (AI-II8) measurements. As shown in Figure 9-7,
oscillations _4.7 to 5.2 hertz) began at approximately 102 seconds, peaked
at 107 seconds, and damped by 125 seconds. The peak amplitude measured
at the IU was ±0.07 g at 4.8 hertz. Except for AS-502, oscillations in
the same frequency band, but at lower amplitudes, have been observed on
other previous flights with an amplitude of ±0.05 g measured on AS-505 at
115 seconds. F-I engine chamber pressures in the 4- to 5-hertz region
were below the 0.4 N/cm 2 (0.5 psi) noise floor. The observed oscillations
were a response of the first longitudinal mode to flight environmental
excitations. POGO did not occur during S-IC boost.
During the S-II stage boost phase, a small response buildup was observed
by the S-IVB stage gimbal block longitudinal accelerometer (A12-403) at
252 seconds. The AS-506 amplitude peaked at _0.037 g at 15.5 hertz, as
shown in Figure 9-8. A similar response was observed during the AS-505
flight, ±0.035 g (15 to 16 hertz), at 293 seconds. The S-II crossbeam
amplitude on AS-505 was ±I.0 g. The crossbeam on AS-506 was not instru-
mented; however, since the AS-506 oscillations also occur in the high-
gain S-II crossbeam mode (15 to 16 hertz), the AS-506 crossbeam response
is estimated to have been ±I g (15.5 hertz), which is well below the design
limits.
Low-frequency longitudinal oscillations similar to those experienced on

AS-505 occurred during AS-506 S-IVB first and second burns. As shown in
Figure 9-9, the AS-506 first burn oscillation frequency ranges were identi-
cal (17 to 20 hertz); however, the AS-506 peak amplitude (±0.07 g) was
about 20 percent of the AS-505 peak amplitude (±0.3 g) at 19 hertz. The
AS-506 oscillations were intermittent, recurring at lower amplitudes
throughout the remainder of first burn. The LOX suction line inlet measure-
ment reached a maximum of ±0.12 g and showed similar intermittent responses
throughout first burn, as shown in Figure 9-10. The data of Figure 9-11
show that the AS-505 and AS-506 peak amplitudes, determined by spectral
analysis using 2-second time slices, occurred at the same frequency and
near the same time during flight.
9-5
_7 S-IC CECO
_7 S-IC OECO
COMMANDMODULE COMMANDMODULE
5 5
4
"__v'_A^ A A ^ ^I_AA^^^^ AAAAAI
3
VVVVV
"v VVVV_VVVV_
0
F--
:C
mY
z0
<
m_
2
1
; DATA DROPOUT
L_J
.J 0
l,t
,=C
-2 -2
-3 -3
INSTRUMENT UNIT INSTRUMENT rNIT

6
LO
I
O_
5 i
,
4
z
i DATA
o I
0
B -DROP( pUT-
V- AAAAAAAAAA AAAAA
:C
rv v _UVVV Ivvvv_ VVV¥1 m_
i,i
_J
L_ L_
:^
_ A A A i, A A_Am,
V VVVV VyVvv _'
_7 -I _7
134 135 136 137 138 139 161 162 163 164 165
Figure 9-5. Longitudinal Acceleration at CM and IU

4000 100
FIRST LONGITUDINAL MODE .[,
5.2 HERTZ (135 TO 138 SEC)
C
360C
9O
I
/
3200 Oral S
8O A0002-603 _
PREDICTED LM
I
2800
7O AS-504 /
AS-505 A !
c=
.r-
E AS-506 ii !
=- z I
O
C) 2400 I
_- 60
I-- I
f-- tz_
I
I.J_l
W ..,..I
.=4
(._)
2000 PREDICTED
MODE SHAPE ---_I
:= 50
LAJ I
I
I
1600 4O I
I
I
I
1200 I
3O
I
. I
AOOl -I 184
8OO 20 _ E093-I 19 /_
I E058-I 18
400 10
I ' 1
LE092-117
E057-I 15 _k I
dD E083-115
0 , , , I _ J
-0.5 O 0.5
ACCELERATION, Gpeak
Figure 9-6. Peak Amplitudes 'of Vehicle First Longitudinal Mode

for AS-504, AS-505, and AS-506
9-7
0.08
'1 I I I I I I I 8
LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION _ INSTRUMENT UNIT (A0002-603)

I l I
0.0'
0.0,
6 uJ
u-
'/A
X/ I
P AMPLITUDE i_
0.02 r,d, "_
- AJ
UENCY
\i
0.00
0.04
0.03
o.o2
0.01
0.0 4
80 I O0 120 140
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-7. Frequency and Amplitude of Longitudinal Oscillations

During S-IC Boost
9-8 •
20 0.04 LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION - S-IVB GIMBAL BLOCK (A0012-403)
19
18 /
17-
cm
i-.- o.02
i 16-
FRE[ UENCY • -_
15-
14"
13.
12 0.0
200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-8. Amplitude and Frequency of Longitudinal Osci 11 ations

During S-II Stage Boost
0.30
/
0.20
/ AS 505
Z
o
0.I0
0
_J _FZ'L
I--
-o.lo f
__1
-0.20
-0.30
N 22
AS-506
>2 2O
AND AS-505
..__.....--.-----
r_
16
580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-9. S-IVB AS -506 and AS-505 17- to 20-Hertz Osci I I ati ons
Comparison
9-9
ACCELERATION,GIMBALBLOCK(A0012-403)
0.I
o.ot,lm ,,M,,q
-0.I
=_ ACCELERATION MAIN LOX LINE UPPER END (A0015-424)

l,n
0.20
J
L_J
¢_)
r_,r,
-0.20
580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-10. AS-506 S-IVB First Burn Maximum Response
S-IVB ENGINE GIMBAL BLOCK (A12-403)

0.20
I
/_AS-505 FLIGHT TIME
#_619 SECONDS
0.15 .....
E
0.10
0.05
TIME
35
FREQUENCY, HERTZ
Figure 9-11. AS-506 and AS-505 First Burn Response
9-I0
During S-IVB second burn, small longitudinal oscillations began on the
engine gimbal pad (A12-403) at about 10,164 seconds and peaked (_0.12 g)
at 10,172 seconds at the first longitudinal mode frequency of 13 hertz.
These oscillations were damped out by 10,184 seconds. Similar 13- to
16-hertz oscillations occurred on AS-505 and other previous flights at
approximately the same levels and range time.
The chamber pressure responses were in the noise floor in the 17- to 20-
hertz region during first burn and the 13- to 16-hertz region during second
burn. The LOX pump inlet and discharge pressure measurements showed in-
significantly low amplitudes throughout both S-IVB burns as did the longitu-
dinal accelerometers in the IU and CM.
The data show typical buildup and decay periods of low-level oscillations
without indications of propulsion/structural coupling. Since these oscil-
lations have been observed on previous flights, it is assumed that they
are characteristic of the stage and could be expected on future flights.
The 45-hertz oscillations that occurred just after the LH2 steD pressuriza-
tion event on AS-505 were not detected on AS-506. The AS-506 Non Propulsive
Vent (NPV) pressures showed very small, ±0.35 N/cm2 (±0.5 psia), pressure
oscillations after step pressurization, as shown in Figure 9-12. The IU yaw
AS-506 LH2 NPV PRESSURE (D183-409)
L_
-2 0
AS-506 IU ACCELERATION, YAW (A007-603)

0.2
RANDOM NOISE
(TYPICAL TO ECO)
0 -'-vv
-0.2
10,151.0 10,151.5 10,152.0 10,152.5 10,153.0
AS-505 LH2 NPV PRESSURE (D183-409)

8
6 I0 "_
LU
4 LJ
2
C_
C_ 0
0 _-
AS-505 IU ACCELERATION_YAW (A007-603)
0.2
45-HERTZ OSCILLATION
-0.2 ....' ' ............................... [ .... F"] .... V _"'

9481.0 9481.5 9482.0 9482.5 9483.0
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-12. Comparison of 45-Hertz Oscillations During

AS-505 and AS-506 Second Burn
9-11
acceleration measurement (A7-603) showed no response to these small pres-
sure oscillations. In sharp contrast to this condition were the relatively
large, _+1.4 N/cm2 (_+2psia), NPV pressure oscillations observed on the
AS-505 flight and the resulting 45-hertz vibration indicated by the A7-603
measurement. Therefore, it is assumed that the 45-hertz vibration did not
occur on the AS-506 flight.
9.2.3.2 Lateral Dynamic Characteristics. Oscillations in the first four

modes were detectable throughout S-IC powered flight. Spectral analyses
were performed to determine modal frequencies using 5-second time slices.
The frequencies of these oscillations agreed well with the analytical pre-
dictions, as shown in Figure 9-13.
LEGEND
ANALYSIS MODE 1
I0 i i
ANALYSIS MODE 2
COMMANDMODULE ANALYSIS MODE 3 _'_
I I ANALYSIS MODE 4
MEASURED MODE(_)
MODE NUMBER N
/
/
N
-r- j'"
6
• J'
>-
/"
Z
L_
J
W ,..J
r_
,, 4
Jd o
--@ F-@---
C_
0 2o 40 60 80 I00 120 140 160

RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 9-13. AS-506 Lateral Analysis/Measured Modal Frequency

Correl ati on
9-12
SECTIONI0
GUIDANCE
ANDNAVIGATION
I0.I SUMMARY
I0.I.I Flight Program
The guidance and navigation system performed satisfactorily at all times

for which data are presently available. The parking orbit and translunar
injection parameters are well within tolerance. The S-IVB LOX dump, LH2
vent, and Auxiliary Propulsion System (APS) ullage burn resulted in a
heliocentric orbit of the S-IVB/IU as planned.
The actual S-II Engine Mixture Ratio (EMR) shift occurred approximately
9.5 seconds later than indicated by the final stage propulsion prediction.
About 4 seconds of this deviation was attributed to the change in Launch
Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) nominal characteristic velocity presetting
predictions and variation in actual from predicted flight performance.
Approximately 5.5 seconds of the deviation are attributed to improper
scaling in the flight program calculation of characteristic velocity.
10.1.2 Instrument Unit Components
The LVDC, the Launch Vehicle Data Adapter (LVDA), and the ST-124M-3 iner-
tial platform functioned satisfactorily. The platform-measured crossrange
velocity (Y) exhibited a negative shift of approximately 1.8 m/s (5.9 ft/s)
at 3.3 seconds after liftoff. The probable cause was the Y accelerometer
head momentarily contacting an internal mechanical stop. Although this
had negligible effect on the launch veh'icle, investigation to determine
the cause of the velocity shift is continuing.
10.2 GUIDANCECOMPARISONS
The postflight guidance error analysis was based on comparisons of the

ST-124M-3 platform measured velocities with the postflight trajectory
established from external tracking data. No precision tracking data were
available for trajectory construction; therefore, hardware error analysis
was limited to gross errors. The comparisons made and reported herein are
referenced to the AS-506 final (14 day) postflight trajectory. The boost-
to-parking orbit portion of the trajectory was a composite fit of C-Band
radar data. The second burn trajectory consists of ST-124M-3 measured
velocities constrained to orbital solutions.
I0-I
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-sueJ 1 Ja:$_.e ,40_DaA a_e_s e o_ Se.L_.LDOLaA uUo#_eLd pa,_a_.amaLa:l, eq_ 6U.L
-ULeJ_SUO9 pue UO.L_nLOS t_.LqJo 6U.L_ed O:_ 6U.LZ.L/eLa,.LU.L A'q pe_3nJ_sUO9 sea
£Jo_ae£eJ_ :_q6.LL_sod aq_ _o UO.[qLJod u_nq puoaes eql "SJO_DeA e_e_s
UO.L:_n/os Le_.LqaO :_q6.[L_a, sod pue 3(]A1 U.L saauaJe_#.Lp _3aL_aJ 8-0L aJn6L4
U.L u,_nq £AT-S puoaes aq3, Jo_ uMoqs suosLJedtuo3 _.LDO[eA tuJo=_:_e[d eql
Velocities measured by the ST-124M-3 platform system at significant flight
event times are shown in Table I0-I along with corresponding values from
both the observed postflight and operational trajectories. The differences
between the telemetered velocities and the observed postflight trajectory
values reflect some combination of small guidance hardware errors, track-
ing errors, and interpolation of data to specific event times. The differ-
ences between the telemetered and operational trajectory values reflect
off-nominal flight conditions and vehicle performance.
Comparisons of navigation (PACSS13 coordinate system) positions, velo-

cities, and flight path angle at significant flight event times are pre-
sented in Table 10-2. The guidance (LVDC) and observed postflight tra-
jectory values are in relatively good agreement for the boost-to-parking
orbit burn mode. The initial error in crossrange velocity is reflected
in the displacement. The component differences at Time Base 6 and at TLI
are still under investigation. There appears to be a timing error of
about 2.7 seconds between the orbital solutions and the LVDC. The com-
ponent differences at parking orbit insertion, Time Base 6, and TLI are
given in Table 10-3.
The ST-124M-3 platform measurements and the LVDCflight program were

highly successful in guiding the AS-506 vehicle to near nominal end con-
ditions. A minimum of corrections were required for the spacecraft to
accomplish a near perfect mission.
10.2.1 Late S-II Stage EMRShift
The S-II stage actual EMRshift occurred approximately 9.5 seconds later
than indicated by the final stage propulsion prediction. About 4 seconds
of this deviation was attributed to the change in IU LVDCnominal charac-
teristic velocity presetting predictions and variation in actual from
predicted flight performance.
About 5.5 seconds of the late EMRshift deviation was due to improper
LVDCscaling. The EMRroutine is entered when a time-to-go quantity Tl_,
becomes zero or negative. The Tli was larger than predicted because
calculated characteristic velocity, upon which Tli is based, was smaller
than predicted.
The S-II characteristic velocity calculated in the IU was incorrect due

to an unfortunate combination of scaling situations in the LVDCflight
program. These scaling errors caused the calculated S-II stage charac-
teristic velocity (BNVC) to be low by approximately 91.7 m/s (300.9 ft/s)
at the time EMRshift should have occurred. BNVCis calculated as
follows:
DVCi2 : (AX2 + Ay2 + AZ2)
ABNVC= I/2(DVCi_ 1 + DVCi/DVCi_l)
BNVC
i = BNVCi_1 + ABNVC
10-4
Table I0-I. Inertial Platform Velocity Comparisons
DATA VEt OClTY M/S (FT/S)**

EVENTS SOURCE ALTITUDE (Xm) CROSSRANGE (_m) DOWNRA[IGE (_m)
Guidance 2585.13 1.50 2254.84

(8481.40) (4.92) (7397.77)
S-IC Postfl ight 2583.28 2.71 2255.10

OECO Trajectory (8475.33) (8.89) (7398.62)
2600.23 -5.34 2239.23

Operational
Trajectory (8530.94) (-17.52) (7346.56)
Guidance 3430.03 -3.50 6759.48

(11,253.38) (-II.48) (22,176.77)
3430.60 -0.96 6759.88

S-ll Postflight
OECO Trajectory (11,255.25) (-3.15) (22,178.08)
3432.73 -I.I0 6784.83

Operational
Trajectory (11,262.24) (-3.61) (22,259.94)
Guidance 3190.55 1.50 7607.13

(10,467.68) (4.92) (24,957.78)
3192.07 3.23 7607.67

First S-IVB Postfl ight
(10,472.67) (10.60) (24,959.55)
ECO Trajectory
3187.05 1.17 7606.29
Operational
Trajectory (10,456.20) (3.84) (24,955.02)
3189.85 1.50 7608.85

Gui dance
(10,465.39) (4.92) (24,963.42)
3191.42 3.29 7609.49

Parking Orbit Postfl ight
Trajectory (10,470.54) (10.79) (24,965.52)
Insertion
3186.42 1.18 7607.85
Operational
(10,454.13) (3.87) (24,960.14)
Trajectory
Guidance 2677.57 275.86 1656.05

(8784.68) (905.05) (5433.23)
2677.21 274.0O 1655.22

Second Pos tflight
(8783.50) (898.95) (5430.51)
S-IVB ECO* Trajectory
2678.72 276.23 1655.18
Operational
Trajectory (8788.45) (906.27) (5430.38)
268O.70 276.50 1658.50

Guidance
(8794.95) (907.15) (5441.27)
2680.38 274.79 1658.28

Trans I una r Postflight
(8793.90) (901.54) (5440.25)
Injection Trajectory
2681.45 276.77 1657.45
Operational
Trajectory (8797.41) (908.04) (5437.83)
|
*Second burn velocity data represent accumulated velocities from

Time Base 6.
**PACSS 12 Coordinate System.
10-5
Table 10-2. Guidance Comparisons
POSITIONS VELOCITIES
FLIGHT PATH
(METERS) M/S
DATA ANGLE (BEG)
EVENT (FT) (FT/S)
SOURCE
Xs Vs Zs R Xs Ys is Vs "i
Guidance 6,437,364 39,169 159,182 6,439,450 841.25 121.94 2630.38 2764.32 19.1484
(21,119,961) (128,507) (522,251 (21,126,804) (2760.01) (400.07) (8629.86) (9069.29)
S-IC Postflight 6,437,247 39,441 159,164 6,439,335 839.62 123.11 2630.64 2764.13 19.1143
OECO Trajectory (21,119,577) (129,400) (522,192) (21,126,426) (2754.66) (403.90) (8630.71) (9068.67)
Operational 6,437,901 38,968 157,58( 6,439,948 861.66 115.11 2614.93 2755.64 19.635
Trajectory (21,121,724) (127,847) (517,0141 (21,128,437) (2826.97) (377.66) (8579.17) (9040.81)
Guidance 6,289,965 79,413 1,860,94_ 6,559,961 -1891.78 88.17 6651.61 6915.96 0.6139
(20,636,368) (260,541) (6,105,471 (21,522,182) (-6206.63) (289.27) (21,822.87) (22,690.16.)
Postflight 6,289,873 80,367 1,859,72( 6,559,537 -1891.43 90.43 6651.87 6916.14 0.6075
OECO Trajectory (20,636,067) (263,670) (6,101,444] (21,520,790) (-6205.48) (296.69) (21,823.72) (22,690.75)
I S-II
Operational 6,283,160 79,489 1,884,67! 6,560,214 -1917.77 90.69 6668.07 6938.96 0.661
1
Trajectory (20,614,043) (260,791) (6,183,310](21,523,012) (-6291.90) (297.54) (21,876.87) (22,765.62)
o
! Guidance 5,891,469 91,789 2,891,28! 6,563,335 i -3433.60 76.86 6993.63 7791.43 -0.00148
(-11,265.09)
(19,328,968) (301,144) (9,485,842](21,533,251) i (252.17) (22,944.98) (25,562.43)
First Postflight 5,890,834 93,058 2,892,01 6,563,105 -3432.48 78.03 6993.87 7791.17 0.01511
S-IVB ECO Trajectory (19,326,885) (305,310) (9,488,2451 (21,532,498) (-11,261.42) (256.00) (22,945.77) (25,561.58)
Operational 5,890,252 91,860 6,563,311 -3436.57 76.94 6992.15 7791.41 -0.00220

Trajectory (19,324,973) (301,377) (21,533,172) (-11,274.84) (252.43) (22,940.12) (25,562.39)
Guidance 5,856,709 92,552 6,563,334 -3517.14 75.69 6954.08 7793.28 -0.00064

(19,214,926) (303,647) (21,533,247) (-II,539.17) (248.33) (22,815.22) (22,568.50)i
Parking Orbit Postflight 5,856,252 93,832 2,961,27( 6,563,052 -3515.97 76.90 6954.42 7793.07 0.01205
Insertion Trajectory (19,213,427) (307,846) (9,715,472)(21 ,532,323)I(-II,535.33) (252.30) (22,816.34) (22,567.81)
Operational 5,855,466 92,623 2,963,43E 6,963,309 -3520.02 75.77 6952.42 7793.10 -0.00142
Trajector_ (19,210,845) (303,882) (9,722,567)(21 ,533,166) (-II,548.62) (248.59) (22,809.78) (22,567.91)
Guidance -2,290,189 -142,062 6,570,377 7301.51 -26.14 -2720.93 7792.02 0.03779

(-7,513,744) (-466,083) 21,556,355) (23,955.09) (-85.76) (-8926.94) (25,564.50)
Time Base 6 Postflight -2,313,353 -143,619 -6,149,910 6,572,186 7290.84 -26.54 -2745.81 7790.80 0.02690
Trajectory (-7,589,739) (-471,191) -20,176,871 ) 21,562,288) (23,920.08) (-87.07) (-9008.56) (25,560.37)
Operational -2,322,832 -142,124 -6,148,429 6,574,110 7284.60 -26.96 -2756.71 7788.81 O. 03622
Trajectory (-7,620,838) (-466,286) -20,172,011) 21,568,603) (23,899.61) (-88.45) (-9044.32) (25,553.84)
Table I0-2. Guidance Comparisons (Continued)
POSITIONS VELOCITIES FLIGHT PATH

(METERS) M/S ANGLE (DEG)
DATA (FT) (FTIS)
EVENT
SOURCE
Xs Ys Zs Vs
Xs Ys Zs
8393.63 408.79 6847.05 10,839.84 6.98785

-61,604 -4,635,225 6,699,493
Guidance 4,836,7441 (22,464.07) (35,563.78)
-15,207,431) (21,979,963): (27,538.16) (1341.17)
(-202,I12)
(15,868,583)
8412.93 408.40 6825.11 10,840.96 6.91287
Second Postflight 4,817,420' -63,231 -4,653,78E 6,698,451
(27,601.48) (1339.90) (22,392.09; (35,567.45)
S-IVB ECO Trajectory (15,805,184) (-207,451) -15,268,322) 121,976,545)
8409.82 408.93 6825.36 10,838.72 6.959

4,823,682 -61,683 -4,651,489 6,701,348
Operational (1341.63) (22,392.91) (35,560.]0)
(-202,371) (-15,260,971) (21,986,049) (27,591.27)
Trajectory (15,825,729)
410.24 6910.34_ 10,832.68 7.44149
-57,507 6,713,101 8332.21
Gui dance 4,920,373
(22,024,610) (27,336.651 (1345.93) (22,671.72) (35,540.29)
(16,142,956) (-188,670)
8351.74 410.04 6889.31 10,834.31 7.36695

Postflight 4,901,502 -59,131 6,711,964
Translunar (1345.28) (22,602.72) (35,545 64)!
(-193,998) (22,020,878) (27,400.72)
Injection Trajectory (16,081,042)
iJ
8348.15 410.29 6888.63 10,831.12 7.412
o 4,907,485 -57,584 -4,582,90; 6,714,891
I Operational (1346.10) (22,600.49) (35,535.17)
16,100,674) (-188,924) -15,035,785: (22,030,484) (27,388.94)
Trajectory
Table 10-3. Guidance Components Differences
PARAMETERS OBSERVED TRAJECTORY OPERATIONAL TRAJECTORY

LVDC LVDC
PARKING ORBIT INSERTION
A_ s m/s (ft/s) 1.17 (3.84) -4.05 ('-13.29)
A_>s m/s (ft/s) 1.21 (3.97) 0.08 (0.26)
A_s m/s (ft/s) 0.34 (I.12) -1.66 (-5.45)
AVs m/s (ft/s) -0.21 (-0.69) -0.18 (-0.59)
AXs m (ft) -457 (-1499) -1244 (-4081)

Ay m (ft) 1280 (4199) 72 (236)
AZ m (ft) 239 (784) 2402 (7880)

AR m (ft) -282 (-925) -25 (-82)
A@ deg 0.01269 -0.00098
TIME BASE 6
AXs m/s (ft/s) -10.67 (-35.01) -16.91 (-55.48)
A# s m/s (ft/s) -o.4o (-i.31) -0.82 (-2.69)
AZs m/s (ft/s) -24.88 (-81.63) -35.78 (-117.39)
AVs m/s (ft/s) -1.26 (-4.13) -3.25 (-I0.66)

Ax s m (ft) -23,163 (-75,994) -32,642 (-I07,093)
Ay s m (ft) -1557 (-5108) -62 (-203)
AZs m (ft) 6770 (22,210) 8251 (27,070)
ARm (ft) 1808 (5932) 3733 (12,247)
AO de9 -0.01089 -0.00157
AAs m/s (ft/s) 19.53 (64.07) 15.94 (52.30)

A# s m/s (ft/s) -0.20 (-0.66) 0.05 (0.16)
AZs m/s (ft/s) -21.03 (-69.00) -2| .71 (-71.23)
AVs m/s (ft/s) 1.63 (5.35) -1.56 (-5.12)
AXs m (ft) -18,871 (-61,913) -12,888 (-42,283)

Ay s m (ft) -1624 (-5328) -78 (-256)
AZs m (ft) -18,564 (-60,906) -16,470 (-54,035)
ARm (ft) -1138 (-3734) 1790 (5873)
A@ deg -O.O7454 -0.03548
10-8
During the calculation of BNVC, DVCi2 lost significant information due
to round off. The scaling factor required 28 bits of information. The
LVDC maintains only 25 bits of information. The three least significant
bits of information were lost by computer underflow. Another bit was lost
due to the binary arithmetic and hardware algorithm for division. As a
consequence, the apparent increase in BNVC per computer cycle was less
than the actual increase in BNVC. The total S-II characteristic velocity
error at the time of actual EMR shift was about 92.6 m/s (303.8 ft/s).
The deviation in EMR shift time caused no performance perturbation.
Figure 10-3 gives the differences between S-II stage correct BNVC values
and those computed by the LVDC flight program. Investigation is being
conducted to improve scaling in IU LVDC velocity calculations.
10.3 NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE SCHEME EVALUATION
All analyzed guidance and navigation measurements indicated satisfactory

performance throughout the flight. The active guidance phases start and
stop times are given in Table 10-4. Included in this table are the start
and stop times in the artificial tau phases and chi freezes. The rate-
limited attitude commands shown in Figures 10-4 and 10-5 indicate near
nominal performances.
The flight program routine causing S-II EMR shift to be commanded was
entered later than predicted in the OT. This deviation is discussed in
paragraph 10.2.1.
120 390
360
330
100 / ._
_ _ / 300 __
/ Ir 270
_= 80 /f
._/ 240
/_f 210 ,,J
, / ,
60 / 180
150
40 120
o o
O,
90
20 60
0 / 30
1O0 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 10-3. AS-506 Characteristic Velocity Error
10-9
Table 10-4. Start and Stop Times for IGM Guidance Commands
STEERING
TERMINAL
IGM PHASE ARTIFICIAL TAU MISALIGNMENT CHI FREEZE
EVENT* GUIDANCE
(SEC) (SEC) CORRECTION (SEC)
(SEC)
(SEC)
Start Stop Start Stop Start Stop Start Stop

Start Stop
First Phase IGM 204.07 494.83 221.52 496.82
Second Phase IGM 494.83 548.2 494.83 504.16 498.73 548.2
Third Phase IG!_ 548.2 691.64 555.57 562.43 562.43 691.64 665.15 691.64 691.64 699.26**
Fourth Phase IG_a 9862.51 9974.58 9_72.87
Fifth Phase IGM 9974.58 10,201.92 9974.58 9980.37 10,199.70 10,174.47 10,201.92 I0,201.92 I0,203.56"*
* All times are for the start of the computation cycle in which the event occurred,
** Start orbital timeline.
Orbital guidance events were accomplished satisfactorily. All S-IVB stage

first and second burn guidance parameters indicate satisfactory operation.
The orbital insertion conditions after S-IVB first burn are given in Table
10-5, The TLI parameters after S-IVB second burn are given in Table 10-6.
10.4 GUIDANCE SYSTEM COMPONENT EVALUATION
10.4.1 LVDC Performance
The LVDC performed as predicted for the AS-506 mission. No valid error
monitor word and no self-test error data have been observed that indicate
any deviation from correct operation,
10.4.2 LVDA Performance
The LVDA performance was nominal. No valid error monitor words and no
self-test error data indicating deviations from correct performance were
observed.
10.4.3 Ladder Outputs
The ladder networks and converter amplifiers performed satisfactorily.

No data have been observed that indicate an out-of-tolerance condition
between Channel A and the reference channel converter-amplifiers.
10.4.4 Telemetry Outputs
Analysis of the available LVDA telemetry buffer and flight control com-
puter attitude error plots indicated symmetry between the buffer outputs
and the ladder outputs. The available LVDC power supply plots indicates
satisfactory power supply performance, The H60-603 guidance computer
telemetry was completely satisfactory.
I0-I0
_7 S-IC CECO _7 S-II EMR SHIFT
_7 S-IC/S-II SEPARATION _7 S-II/S-IVB SEPARATION
_7 IGM INITIATION _7 BEGIN CHI BAR STEERING
_7S-IC CECO _7S-II EMR SHIFT
_7 S-II CECO S_7 GUIDANCE CUTOFF
_TS-IC/S-II SEPARATION _TS-II/S-IVB SEPARATION
_71GM INITIATION _OPERATIONAL TRAJECTORY ..... LVDC
_7BEGIN CHI BAR STEERING
1.4
_TS-II CECO S_TGUIDANCE CUTOFF
tA_
_OPERATIONAL TRAJECTORY
---LVDC
I0
1.2
I
I
0
I
I
1.0 I
-I0 I
I
I
-20 I
0.8
-30
-40 0.6
/
c_
-50
o #
l
o.4 I
-6O 8 !
S /
(
-70 I
\
0.2 /
/
p- /
-80 /
/
/
/
-90 /
/
,!
\ /"
-I00 /
/
/
-0.2
l
-II0
I W ' '7 '_' _ _'

-120 _7_7 _' _' -o.4
-I00 0 1O0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 -I O0 l O0 200 300 400 500 600 700 8OO
Figure 10-4. Attitude Commands During Active Guidance Period

EVENT SEQUENCE
I0_ x_7 IGM INITIATION
EMR SHIFT
BEGIN CHI BAR STEERING
BEGIN CHI FREEZE I_
8_
OPERATIONAL TRAJECTORY /'/
"I --- LVDC
T
6 'I
I I I d /f
I
o
o 4 I /_
,
l,i
r_
F- !
.9 /
, ._ V
<E 2 I I_
0 ii,
V"
-2
-16 i
-2O
-_ -24
\
i.-
-28
_ -32
-36
-4O I
-44
9840 9880 9920 9960 I0,000 10,040 10,080 10,120 I0,160 10,200
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
iR7, , ,_z , , , , ,_R7

2:44:00 2:44:40 2:45:20 2:46:00 2:46:40 2:47:.20 2:48:00 2:48:40 2:49:20 2:50:00
RANGE TIME, HOURS: MINUTES : SECONDS
Figure 10-5. Attitude Angles During S-IVB Second Burn
I0-12
Table 10-5. Parking Orbit Insertion Parameters
OPERATIONAL POSTFLIGHT TRAJECTORY LVDC

PARAMETER TRAJECTORY TRAJECTORY MINUS OT LVDC MINUS OT
Inertial Velocity
7793.1 7793.1 0.0 7793.3 0.18
m/s
(25,567.9) (25,567.9) (0.0) (25,568.5) (0.6)
(ft/s)
Flight Path Angle

-0.001 0.012 0.013 -0.0006 0.0004
deg
Descending Node
123.100 123.088 -0.012 123.102 0.002
deg
Inclination
32.531 32.521 -0.010 32.532 O.OOl
deg
0.00022 0.00021 -0. 00001 0.00007 -0.00015

Eccentricity
10.4.5 Discrete Outputs
No valid discrete output register words (tags 043 and 052) were observed
to indicate guidance or simultaneous memory failure.
10.4.6 Switch Selector Functions
Switch selector data indicate that the LVDA switch selector functions were
performed satisfactorily. No error monitor words were observed that indi-
cate disagreement in the Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) switch selector
register positions or in the switch selector feedback circuits. No mode
code 24 words or switch selector feedback words were observed that indica-
ted a switch selector feedback was in error. In addition, no indications
were observed to suggest that the B channel input gates to the switch
selector register positions were selected.
Table 10-6. Translunar Injection Parameters
OPERATIONAL POSTFLIGIIT TRAJECTORY LVDC

PARAMETER TRAJECTORY TRAJECTORY NINUS OT LVDC MINUS OT
Inertial Velocity
m/s 10,831.1 10,834.3 3.2 I0,832.7 1.6
(ft/s) (35,535.1) (35,545.6) (10.5) (35,540.4) (5.3)
Descending Node
deg 121.866 121.847 -0.019 121.855 -0.011
Inclination
deg 31.379 31.383 0.004 31.382 0.003
Eccentri city 0.97667 0.97696 0.00029 0.97670 0.00003
c3
m2/s2 -1,408,484 -1,391,607 16,877 -1,406,545 1939
(ft2/s 2) (-15,160,796) (-14,979,133) (181,633) (-15,139,924) (20,872)
10-13
10.4.7 ST-124M-3 Inertial Platform
The inertial platform system performed as designed. At 3.3 seconds after

liftoff, the Y velocity (crossrange) exhibited a change of approximately
-1.8 m/s (-5.9 ft/s). A lack of data prevents a precise determination of
the cause; however, the probable cause was the Y accelerometer head momen-
tarily contacting an internal mechanical stop. The forcing function was
probably crossrange polarized 35 to 40 hertz vibrations, the natural fre-
quency of the accelerometer servo loop.
The Y accelerometer head movement indicated significant incident vibrations.

However, the measurement was sampled rather than continuous so the frequency
and amplitude of the head motion cannot be readily defined.
The Y gyro was relatively unperturbed, but the X and Z gyros showed signi-
ficant activity. This indicates a forcing function, probably vibration,
mainly along the platform Y axis.
The body-mounted yaw accelerometer, A7-603, was oriented in the same

direction as the Y accelerometer. It indicated a generally high random
level of vibration which included significant amplitudes between 35 and
45 hertz. The amplitude is presently indeterminate because of telemetry
channel and band width limitations.
The X, Y, and Z gyro servo loops for the stable element functioned as
designed. The operational limits of the servo loops were not reached at
anytime during the mission.
The inertial gimbal temperatures fell below specifications; however, there

are no indications of degraded inertial performance. The temperature went
below the minimum specification of 313.15°K (104.0°F) at 15,600 seconds,
reaching 312.2°K (I02.3°F) at approximately 20,800 seconds.
10-14
SECTIONII
CONTROL
SYSTEM
II.I SUMMARY
The AS-506 control system, which was essentially the same as that of AS-505,
performed satisfactorily. The Flight Control Computer (FCC), Thrust Vector
Control (TVC), and Auxiliary Propulsion System (APS) satisfied all require-
ments for vehicle attitude control during the flight. Bending and slosh
dynamics were adequately stabilized. The prelaunch programed yaw, roll,
and pitch maneuvers were properly executed during S-IC boost.
During the maximumdynamic pressure region of flight, the launch vehicle

experienced winds that were less than 95-percentile July winds. The maxi-
mumaverage pitch and yaw engine deflections were the result of wind shears.
S-IC/S-II first and second plane separations were accomplished with no

significant attitude deviations. At Iterative Guidance Mode (IGM) initia-
tion, a pitch up transient occurred similar to that seen on previous
flights. At S-II early Center Engine Cutoff (CECO), the guidance para-
meters were modified by the loss of thrust. There was a change in yaw
attitude due to the slight thrust misalignment of the center engine. S-II/
S-IVB separation occurred as expected and without producing any significant
attitude deviations.
Satisfactory control of the vehicle was maintained during first and _econd
S-IVB burns and during coast in Earth Parking Orbit (EPO). During the
Commandand Service Module (CSM) separation from the S-IVB/IU and during
the Transposition, Docking and Ejection (TD&E) maneuver, the control
system maintained the vehicle in a fixed inertial attitude to provide
a stable docking platform. Following TD&E, S-IVB/IU attitude control
was maintained during the maneuver to the slingshot attitude and during
the LOX dump and LH2 vent.
11.2 S-IC CONTROL
SYSTEMEVALUATION
The AS-506 control system performed adequately during S-IC powered flight.
The vehicle flew through winds which were less than 95 percentile for July
in the maximumdynamic pressure region of flight. Less than I0 percent of
the available engine deflection was used throughout flight (based on
average engine gimbal angle). S-IC outboard engine cant was accomplished
as planned.
II-I
All dynamics were within vehicle capability. In the region of high dynamic
pressure, the maximumangles-of-attack were 1.6 degrees in pitch and 1.4
degrees in yaw. The maximumaverage pitch and yaw engine deflections were
0.2 degree and 0.3 degree, respectively, in the maximumdynamic pressure
region. Both deflections were due to wind shears. The absence of any
divergent bending or slosh frequencies in vehicle motion indicates that
bending and slosh dynamics were adequately stabilized.
Vehicle attitude errors required to trim out the effects of thrust imbal-
ance, thrust misalignment, and control system misalignments were within
predicted envelopes. Vehicle dynamics prior to S-IC/S-II first-plane
separation were within staging requirements.
11.2.1 Liftoff Clearances
The launch vehicle cleared the mobile launcher structure within the avail-
able clearance envelopes. Camera data showing liftoff motion were not
available for the AS-506 flight, but simulations with flight data show
that less than 15 percent of the available clearance was used. The ground
wind was from the south with a magnitude of 3.3 m/s (6.4 knots) at the
18.3 m (60 ft) level.
The predicted and measured misalignments, slow release forces, winds, and
the thrust-to-weight ratio are shown in Table II-I.
11.2.2 S-IC Flight Dynamics
Maximumcontrol parameters during S-IC burn are listed in Table 11-2.

Pitch, yaw, and roll plane time histories during S-IC boost are shown in
Figures II-I, 11-2, and 11-3. Dynamics in the region between liftoff and
40 seconds result primarily from guidance commands. Between 40 and II0
seconds, maximumdynamics were caused by the pitch tilt program, wind
magnitude, and wind shears. Dynamics from II0 seconds to S-IC/S-II sepa-
ration were caused by high altitude winds, separated air flow aerodynamics,
center engine shutdown, and tilt arrest. The transient at CECOindicates
that the center engine cant was 0.2 degree in yaw and -0.06 degree in
pitch.
At Outboard Engine Cutoff (OECO), the vehicle had attitude errors of -0.3,
0.I, and 0.0 degree in pitch, yaw, and roll, respectively. These errors
are required to trim out the effects of thrust imbalance, offset Center
of Gravity (CG), thrust vector misalignment, and control system misalign-
ments. The maximumequivalent thrust misalignments were 0.II, -0.05 and
-0.02 degree in pitch, yaw, and roll, respectively.
There was no significant sloshing observed. The engine response to the

observed slosh frequencies showed that the slosh was well within the
capabilities of the control system.
11-2
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Figure ]I-2. Yaw P1 ane Dynamics During S-IC Burn
11-4
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PREFLIGHT PREDICTED LAUNCH
PITCH YAW ROLL PITCH YAW ROLL

Thrust Misalignment ±0.34 +0.34 ±0.34 O.ll -0.05 -0.02
deg*
Center Engine -0.06 0.2
Cant, deg
Servo Amplifier +0.I ±0.I +0.1
Offset, deg/eng
Vehicle Stacking & ±0.29 +0.29 0.0 0.12 -0.06 0.0
Pad Misalignment,
deg
Attitude Error at 0.06 -0.02 0.02
Holddown Arm
Release, deg
Peak Slow Release 415,000 (93,300) 400,000 (90,000) ***

Force Per Rod,
N (Ibf)
Wind 95 Percentile Envelope 3.3 m/s (6.4 Knots)
At 18.3 Meters
(60 Feet)
Thrust to Weight 1.195
Ratio
*Thrust misalignment of 0.34 degree encompasses the center engine cant. A

positive polarity was used to dete_line minimum fin tip/umbilical tower clear-
ance. A negative polarity was used to determine vehicle/GSE clearances.
**Data not available for update.
*** Approximate data obtained during a data dropout period.
The normal accelerations observed during S-IC burn are shown in Figure 11-4.
Pitch and yaw plane wind velocities and angles-of-attack are shown in
Figure 11-5. The winds are shown both as determined from balloon and
rocket measurements and as derived from the vehicle Q-ball.
11.3 S-II CONTROL SYSTEM EVALUATION
The S-II stage attitude control system performance was satisfactory.

Analysis of the magnitude of modal components in the engine deflections
revealed that vehicle structural bending and propellant sloshing had
negligible effect on control system performance. The maximum values of
pitch and yaw control parameters occurred in response to IGM Phase 1
initiation. The maximum values of roll control parameters occurred in
11-6
Table 11-2. Maximum Control Parameters During S-IC Burn
PITCH PLANE YAW PLANE ROLL PLANE
RANGE RANGE RANGE

PARAMETERS UNITS MAGNITUDE TIME MAGNITUDE TIME MAGNITUDE TIME
(SEC) (SEC) (SEC)
Attitude Error deg 0.83 117.4 -I .02 3.3 -0.92 13.8
Angular Rate deg/s -0.97 69.1 -0.53 12.6 1.38 14.4
Average Gimbal deg 0.23 90.6 -0.44 3.2 -0.09 80.9

Angle
Angle-of-Attack de9 1.82 117,1 1.42 73.0
Angle-of-Attack/ deg-N/cm 2 4.93 91.4 4.50 73.0

Dynamic Pressure
Product
Normal m/s 2 -0.331 95.5 0.306 63.9 -
Acceleration
response to S-IC/S-II separation disturbances. The control responses at

other times were within expectations.
Between the events of S-IC OECO and initiation of IGM, the vehicle atti-
tude commands were held constant. Significant events occurring during
this interval were S-IC/S-II separation, S-II stage J-2 engine start,
second plane separation, and Launch Escape Tower (LET) jettison. The
attitude control dynamics throughout this interval indicated stable opera-
tion as shown in Figures 11-6 through 11-8. Steady-state attitudes were
achieved within 20 seconds from S-IC/S-II separation. The maximum control
parameter values for the period of S-II burn are shown in Table 11-3.
At IGM initiation, the TVC received FCC commands to pitch the vehicle up.
During IGM, the vehicle pitched down at a constant commanded rate of
approximately -0.I deg/s. The transient magnitudes experienced at IGM
initiation were similar to those of the AS-504 and AS-505 flights.
A steady-state pitch attitude error of approximately 0.15 degree resulted

from thrust imbalance. Following CECO, a steady-state yaw attitude error
of -0.3 degree occurred. Pea_ transient yaw attitude error after CECO
was -0.5 degree at 464 seconds. This yaw error occurred in response to
the loss of the compliance deflection of the center engine at cutoff. The
center engine was not precanted to allow for compliance deflection. This
compliance effect occurred in the yaw plane because of the location of the
fixed links. Consequently, the outboard engines were deflected in yaw
after CECO to compensate for the yaw attitude error and to stabilize the
vehicle. The deflections of the outboard engines in pitch after CECO were
the result of a pitch-up guidance command. This command was generated to
compensate for the effects that loss of center engine thrust would have
upon the flight trajectory.
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MEASURED
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Figure 11-7. Yaw Plane Dynamics During S-II Burn
II-II
AVERAGE
ROLLENGINE ROLLBODYRATE ROLLATTITUDEERROR
DEFLECTION
(POSITIVECCW (POSITIVECWVIEWED (POSITIVECWVIEWED
VIEWED
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RANGE RANGE RANGE

PARAMETERS UNITS MAGNITUDE TIME MAGNITUDE TIME MAGNITUDE TIME
(SEC) (SEC) (SEC)
Attitude Error -I.9 206.9 -0.54 464.8 -1.6 165.5

deg
1.2 207.8 0.2 467.0 1.7 166.2

Angular Rate deg/s
-0.9 165.3 -0.33 464.0 -0.54 165.3

Average Gimbal deg
Angle
II.4 S-IVB CONTROL SYSTEM EVALUATION
The S-IVB TVC system provided satisfactory pitch and yaw control during
powered flight. The APS provided satisfactory roll control during first
and second burns.
During S-IVB first and second burns, control system transients were ex-
perienced at S-II/S-IVB separation, guidance initiation, Engine Mixture
Ratio (EMR) shift, chi bar guidance mode, and J-2 engine cutoff. These
transients were expected and were within the capabilities of the control
system.
11.4.1 Control System Evaluation During First Burn
The S-IVB first burn attitude control system response to guidance commands
for pitch, yaw and roll are presented in Figures 11-9, II-I0 and II-II,
respectively. The maximum attitude errors and rates occurred at IGM and
chi bar steering initiation. A summary of maximum values of the critical
flight control parameters during S-IVB first burn is presented in Table 11-4.
The pitch and yaw effective thrust vector misalignments during first burn
were 0.22 and -0.33 degree, respectively. A steady-state roll torque of
61.4 N-m (45.3 Ibf-ft), counterclockwise looking forward, required roll
APS firings during first burn. The steady-state roll torque experienced
on previous flights has ranged between 27 N-m (20 Ibf-ft) counterclockwise
and 54.2 N-m (40.0 Ibf-ft) clockwise.
II.4.2 Control System Evaluation During Parking Orbit
The coast attitude control system provided satisfactory orientation and

stabilization of the S-IVB/CSM in parking orbit. The only maneuver during
parking orbit was to align the vehicle with the local horizontal just after
S-IVB first cutoff. Pitch axis control parameters during the maneuver to
the local horizontal are indicated in Figure 11-12. The yaw and roll con-
trol parameters did not show significant transients and are not presented.
11-13
_7S-IVB ESC
S_71GM PHASE 3 INITIATED
S_7BEGIN CHI BAR STEERING
_7CHI FREEZE INITIATED
S_TS-IVB FIRST CUTOFF
,., 2 O0
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RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 11-9. Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-IVB First Burn
11.4.3 Control System Evaluation During Second Burn
The S-IVB second burn attitude control system response to guidance commands
for pitch, yaw and roll are presented in Figure 11-13, 11-14 and 11-15,
respectively. The maximum attitude errors and rates occurred at guidance
initiation and EMR shift. A summary of maximum values of the critical
flight control parameters during S-IVB second burn is presented in Table
11-5.
The pitch and yaw effective thrust vector misalignments during second burn
were approximately 0.25 and -0.35 degree, respectively. The steady-state
roll torque during second burn ranged from 42.1 N-m (31.1 Ibf-ft) at the
low EMR to 52.3 N-m (38.6 Ibf-ft) at the 5.0:1.0 EMR.
11-14
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Table 11-4. MaximumControl Parameters During S-IVB First Burn
RANGE RANGE RANGE

PARAMETERS UNITS MAGNITUDE TIME MAGNITUDE TIME MASNITUDE TIME
(SEC) (SEC) (SEC)
Attitude Error deg +1.80 668.1 -0.77 562.7 -1.15 584.2
Angular Rate degls +0.90 560.1 -0.29 560.0 +0.I0 554.3
Gimbal Angle deg +1.08 562.7 -0.79 561.5
_Ts-IVB ESC
_71GM PHASE 3 INITIATED
S_7BEGIN CHI BAR STEERING
_TCHI FREEZE INITIATED
OW _7S-IVB FIRST CUTOFF
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I .00
,.-I oO _-
.-I00 530 570 610 650 690 730
0 c, r-,. -
P,," _ LL
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure II-II. Roll Plane Dynamics During S-IVB First Burn
11-16
INITIATE MANEUVER TO LOCAL HORIZONTAL
w
LLJ>
O
4 ° O'
:D
o.o
-r r',,"
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.--Iz
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(_LLJ
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_.-_ r'_ (_ RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 11-12. Pitch Plane Dynamics During Coast in Parking Orbit
_7 S-IVB SECOND ESC

_7 S-IVB EMR SHIFT
7 S-IVB SECOND CUTOFF
3.0
Dl---
I---gL _
D 0.0
_o_
-3.0
2.0
-JI---
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ZO_
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_m,,,
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I--z
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I--- 0 rm
D _
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-]. 5
984O 9920 I0,000 10,080 10,160 10,240
RA.GE
T ME,SECONDS
I S_7 I I
02:44:00 02:45:20 02:46:40 02:48:00 02:49:20 02:50:40
Figure 11-13. Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-IVB Second Burn
11-17
S-IVB EMR SHIFT
S-IVB
S-IVB SECOND CUTOFF
SECOND ESC
OA 1.5
>
D O0 I--
F-o-r"
0.0
OW
-I .5
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<
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9840 9920 lO,O00 10,080 10,160 10,240
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
1_7' I I I_F' I I I I I I_ I
02:44:00 02:45:20 02:46:40 02:48:00 02:49:20 02:50:40
Figure 11-14. Yaw Plane Dynamics During S-IVB Second Burn
_7S-IVB SECOND ESC

_TS-lVB EMR SHIFT
_7S-lVB SECOND CUTOFF
1.5
L_
>_--
_-_0
D _-- LL
_'-,0 r_ 0"_
0.0 "_
0 ,,._. --_,,,
-I .5
>0 0.5
0.0
I''_T--r m"_ _F- " "V"
.-JF- ,_
-0.5
9840 9920 I0,000 10,080 10,160 10,240
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
,_' n n ,'_7 , , I , , _ ,
02:44:00 02:45:20 02:46:40 02:48: O0 02:49 : 20 02 : 50 : 40
RANGE TIME, HOURS :MINUTES :SECONDS
Figure 11-15. Roll Plane Dynamics During S-IVB Second Burn
11-18
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_INITIATE MANEUVER TO SLINGSHOT ATTITUDE
0_ 4.0
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• "r" F--O
-4.0
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17,380 17,420 17,460 17,500 17,540 17,580
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I _ I I I I l !
i I
04 :49 :40 04:51:20 04:58:00

Figure ll-18. Pitch, Yaw and Roll Plane Dynamics During The
Maneuver to Slingshot Attitude
ll-21/ll-22
SECTION12
SEPARATION
12.1 SUMMARY
S-IC/S-II first plane separation was satisfactory. Related data indicate

that the S-IC retromotors performed as expected. Similarly, S-II second
plane separation and S-II/S-IVB separation were nominal. The S-II retro-
motors and S-IVB ullage motors performed as expected.
Commandand Service Module (CSM) separation from the Launch Vehicle (LV)
occurred as predicted during translunar coast. The Transposition, Docking,
and Ejection (TD&E) maneuver occurred as expected. Attitude control of the
LV was maintained during each separation sequence.
12.2 S-IC/S-II SEPARATIONEVALUATION
S-IC/S-II separation and associated sequencing were accomplished as planned.

Dynamic conditions at separation were within staging limits. Rate gyros
and accelerometers located on the Instrument Unit (IU) showed no disturb-
ances, indicating a clean severance of the stages. Data from the Exploding
Bridge Wire (EBW) firing unit indicate that S-IC retromotor ignition was
accomplished. The S-II ullage motors performed as predicted. Since there
were no cameras on the S-II stage, calculated dynamics of the interstage
and the S-II stage were used to determine if second plane separation was
within the staging requirements.
12.3 S-II/S-IVB SEPARATIONEVALUATION
The S-II retromotors and the S-IVB ullage motors performed satisfactorily
and provided a nominal S-II/S-IVB separation. Dynamic conditions at
separation were within staging, limits with separation conditions similar
to those observed on previous flights.
12.4 S-IVB/IU/LM/CSM SEPARATION

EVALUATION
Separation of the CSMfrom the LV was accomplished as planned. There

were no large control disturbances noted during the separation.
12-I
12.5 LUNARMODULE
DOCKINGAND EJECTIONEVALUATION
The attitude of the LV was adequately maintained during the docking of

the CSMwith the Lunar Module (LM). The CSM/LMwas then successfully
spring ejected from the LV. There were no significant control disturb-
ances during the ejection.
12-2
SECTION13
ELECTRICAL NETWORKS
13.1 SUMMARY
The AS-506 launch vehicle electrical systems performed satisfactorily

throughout all phases of flight. Operation of the batteries, power
supplies, inverters, Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW) firing units, switch
selectors, and interconnecting cabling was normal.
13.2 S-IC STAGEELECTRICALSYSTEM
The voltage for Battery No. 1 (Operational) and Battery No. 2 (Instrumen-
tation) remained within performance limits of 26.5 to 32.0 vdc during
powered flight. Battery currents were near predicted and below the maximum
limit of 64 amperes for both Battery No. 1 and Battery rlo. 2. Battery
power consumption was well within the rated capacity Of 640 ampere-minutes
for both Battery No. 1 and Battery No. 2, as shown in Table 13-I.
The two measuring power supplies remained within the 5 +_0.05 vdc design
limit during powered flight.
Table 13-I. S-IC Stage Battery Power Consumption
POWER
CONSUMPTION*
RATED PERCENT
BUS CAPACITY OF
BATTERY DESIGNATION (AMP-MIN) AMP-MIN CAPACITY
Operational No. 1 IDIO 640 29.6 4.6

Instrumentation No. 2 1D20 640 90.0 14.1
*Battery power consumptions were calculated from power transfer

until S-IC/S-II separation.
13-I
All switch selector channels functioned correctly, and all outputs were
issued within their required time limits in response to commandsfrom
the Instrument Unit (IU).
The separation and retromotor EBWfiring units were armed and triggered
as programed. Charging times and voltages were within tile requirements
of 1.5 seconds for maximumallowable charging time and 4.2 +_0.4 volts
for the allowable voltage level.
The commanddestruct EBWfiring units were in the required state of

readiness if vehicle destruct became necessary.
13.3 S-II STAGEELECTRICALSYSTEM
All battery bus voltages remained within specified limits throughout the
prelaunch and flight periods, and bus currents remained within required
and predicted limits. Main bus current averaged 36 amperes during S-IC
boost and varied from 49 to 57 amperes during S-II boost. Instrumentation
bus current averaged 23 amperes during S-IC and S-II boost. Recirculation
bus current averaged 97 amperes during S-IC boost, and ignition bus current
averaged 31 amperes during the S-II ignition sequence. Battery power
consumption was well within the rated capacities of the batteries as
shown in Table 13-2.
Table 13-2. S-II Stage Battery Power Consumption
BUS RATED POWER CONSUMPTION* TEMPERATURE

DESIG- CAPACITY PERCENT
OF
BATTERY NATION (AMP-MR) AMP-HR CAPACITY MAX MIN
Main 2DI1 35 7.96 22.7 3O5.4oK 299.8° K

(90.O°F) (80.O°F)
Ins t rumentati on 2D21 35 3.80 10.9 301.5°K 299.5°K
(83.0°F) (79.5°F)
Recircul ati on 2D51 3O 5.68 18.9 302.9°K 299.8°K
No. 1 (85.5°F) (80.O°F)
Recircul ati on 2D51 3O 5.73 19.1 307.6°K 304.3°K
No. 2 and (94.0°F) (88.0°F)
2D61
*Power consumption calculated from -50 seconds.
13-2
The five temperature bridge power supplies and the three 5-vdc instru-
mentation power supplies all performed within acceptable limits. The five
LH2 recirculation inverters that furnish power to the recirculation pumps
operated properly throughout the J-2 engine chilldown period.
issued within their required time limits in response to commandsfrom the
IU. Performance of the EBWcircuitry for the separation system was
satisfactory. Firing units charge and discharge responses were within
predicted time and voltage limits. The commandEBWfiring units were in
the required state of readiness if vehicle destruct became necessary.
13.4 S-IVB STAGEELECTRICALSYSTEM
The voltages, currents, and temperatures of the three 28-vdc and one
56-vdc batteries stayed well within acceptable limits as shown in
Figures 13-I through 13-4. Battery temperatures remained below the 322°K
(120°F) limit during the powered portions of flight. (This limit does not
apply after insertion into orbit.) The highest temperature of 316.5°K
(II0 F) was reached on Aft Battery No. 2, Unit I, after S-IVB first burn
cutoff. Battery power consumption is shown in Table 13-3.
issued within their required time limits in response to commandsfrom
the I U.
Table 13-3. S-IVB Stage Battery Power Consumption
RATED POWERCONSUMPTION**
CAPACITY PERCENTOF
BATTERY (AMP-HRS)* AMP-HRS CAPACITY
Forward No. 1 300.0 121.5 40.5
Forward No. 2 24.75 25,4 102.7
Aft No. 1 300.0 78.2 26.1
Aft No. 2 75.0 42.3 56.4
*Rated capacities are minimum guaranteed by vendor.

**Actual usage to 29,000 seconds (08:03:20) is based on flight
data.
13-3
(DTRANSFER TO INFE_AL
(_FORWARD BATTERY NO. 2 HEATER CYCLE ON ACTUAL
(_)FOR_VARD BATTERY NO. I HEATER CYCLE (UNIT l) ON ------ NO DATA

(_)FORWARD BATTERY NO, 2 HEATER CYCLE OFF
----_ EXPECTED NOMINAL
(_)FORWARD BATTERY NO, l HEATER CYCLE (UNIT I) OFF
(_)FORWARO BATTERY NO, l HEATER CYCLE ACCEPTABLE LIMITS
32
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24
22
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25
............. (_ . _.-. '-'}"t-E:t-Ed--_--E:}-- U'_-:I- ;-:4-

u 5
o ....
-I O I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 _5 26 27 28 29
RANGE TIME, 1000 SECONDS
..... O 00:33:20 0I
01:6:40 I I
01:40:00 I 02:] I3:20 .....02:46:40 03:20:00 13
03:5:20 I 2I
04:6:40 I i
05:00:00 I 05:3:20
/ I 06: OI6 :40 ' I
06:40:00 i 07: I 3:2O ' 4
07:6:40 I
-00:16:40 DO:]G:40 00:50:00 01:23:20 01:56:40 02:30:00 03:03:20 03:36:40 04:IO:O0 04:43:20 05:I6:40 05:50:00 00:23:20 06:56:40 07:30:00 08:03:20
PAMGE TIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS
Figure 13-I. S-IVB Stage Forward Battery No. 1 Voltage and Current
C) TRANSFER TO INTERNAL
_) S-IVB ESC
(_) ENGINE CUTOFF AND RANGE SAFETY NO. 2 OFF

(_) PU INVERTER AND DC POWER OFF
_) PU INVERTER AND DC POWER ON ACTUAL
_)PU MIXTURE PATIO 4.5 ON NO DATA

(Z) PU pROGRAMMED MIXTURE PATIO OFF
_ EXPECTED NOMINAL
(_) S-IVB ECO
(_) FORWARD BATTERY NO. 2 DEPLETION ACCEPTABLE LIMITS

32
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..........................................
i:i;ilililili:ili:il
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. 28
........
........
24!
22
I I
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" 6i ® _
® (Z L
-- _ -,_ _..__,
_ 2_ ' ]
o: i
-1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
RANGE TIE, IO00 SECONDS
.... ' ' ' 2o ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 2 ........ ' ' i _ , _ ,
0 00:33:20 01:06:40 01: ._ :OO 02:13:20 02:46:40 03:20:00 03:o3:20 04:26:4D 05:00:00 05:33:20 06:06:40 06:40:00 07:13:20 07:46:40
-00:16:40 00:16:40 00:50:00 01:23:20 01:56:40 02:30:00 03:03:20 03:36:40 04:10:00 04:43:20 05:16:40 05:50:00 06:23:20 06:56:40 07_30:00 08:03:20
Figure 13-2, S-IVB Stage Forward Battery No. 2 Voltage and Current
13-4
(_ I[RANSft R 1(I INTI RNAt
(_)Afl RATTtRY No. ] IIIAIIN (YEll (10_11 P) 011 ---- ACTUAL
I_ S-IVD ESC
('_S IVD E{:O ------ NO DATA
f_AFI BAEILRY IUATED CYC_I EXPECTED NOMINAL
ACCEPTAOLE LIMITS
(_ CONIROL VALVLS CYCt IN6 (1YPICAL) _
I_) PASS[VATIUN ENADEE
32
30 _.... _ ;;5:" ' :';'::::;'::: :':::_::5::::;:6::: :;:0:::.::::: " ::::::::::: :::::::::""
:...:........ ::::::2::::: :.:-:.:+:: _:':::'::::::

... f:;:::::::::: . ..... :.:.:.:.:.:,:.
+ 04++
_:++_:":i:+:
_i _ _ i_! .........................................
+_:..'.'.::!:i:
_ _ +::+::+::+::ii+i.::+::+i+::+i+i+il
.:.:.:.:.:.:........................................
+_ _...........
_+: :_:+:i:i:+::.+
.:;:+:i:+:!:+:+:,:i:!:+:+:!++:!:++:+:!:i
_i__ :i:!:i:+:!:+:._++:+:+:!:!:+
i:+:i:i:+:+:!
_i;_ '..................................
.........................
+imm :_: _!_ _..............
22
60 f
o _..J' .....
n
---- -- ........
-I 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
, ,
0 , 31
00:3:20 , 0]: 0 I 6:40 I 01:4 I0 :O0 I 02:],3;20 ...........
02:46:40 03:B0:O4 03:53:20 04:26:40 05:00:00 3I
05:3:20 ' I
06:06:40 I 4I
06:0:00 ' I3
07:1:20 ' I
07:46:40 '
-00:16:40 00:16:40 00:50:00 01:23:20 01:56:40 02:30:00 03:03:20 03:36:40 04:10:00 04:43:20 05:16:40 05:50:00 06:23:20 06:56:40 07:30:00 O4:03:20
Figure 13-3. S-IVB Stage Aft Battery No. l Voltage and Current
C) TRANSFER TO INTERNAL
([_) LOX & LH 2 CHILLDOWN PUMPS OFF
(_) AUXILIARY HYDRAULIC PUMP OFF

-- ACTUAL
(_) AUXILIARY HYDRAULIC PUMP CYCLE

NO DATA
(3) AUXILIARY HYDRAULIC PUMP ON
--_ EXPECTED NOMINAL

(_) fOX & LH 2 CHILLDOWN PUMPS ON
(Z) NO LOAD, LIMITS DO NOT APPLY

ACCEPTABLE LIMITS
_) HEATER CYCLES
64
62
5D i_ __)
.... i_:"
_._. i _F_':_._II ': / I!_:
:::1
I
_ ! i!: _i:?,: •( _._,_,_,_
:i :::: I .i; !2:ii!:i ::: Ji:.:_t__L_ 2
_ i : }: ! :lii [iiii
52
. , , l
_=_oI_ I,_I I|II I !! I I<_']_I_ I l'J',l] i I _ I | 1| | I | I |
°o!--!
I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I [ 1 1 1 I I 1 I I I
O 00:33:20 01:06:40 01:40:00 02:13:20 02:46:40 03;20:00 03:53:20 04:26:40 05:00:OO 05:33:20 06:06:40 u6:40:00 07:]3:20 07:46:40
-00:]6:40 00:]6:40 00:50:00 01:23:20 O] :56:40 02:30:00 03:03:20 03:36:40 04:10:00 04:43:20 05:16:40 06:60:00 06:23:20 06:56:40 07:30:OO 08:03:20
RANGE TIME, HODRS:MINbTES:SECONDS
Figure 13-4. S-IVB Stage Aft Battery No. 2 Voltage and Current
13-5
The three 5-vdc and seven 20-vdc excitation modules all performed within
acceptable limits. The LOX and LH 2 chilldown inverters that furnish power-
to the LOX and LH2 recirculation pumps performed satisfactorily and met
their load requirements.
Performance of the EBW circuitry for the separation system was satisfac-
tory. Firing units charge and discharge responses were within predicted
time and voltage limits. The command destruct EBW firing units were in
the required state of readiness if vehicle destruct became necessary.
13.5 INSTRUMENT UNIT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
All battery voltages and temperatures increased gradually from liftoff as

expected. All battery voltages remained within normal limits. Battery
currents remained normal during launch and coast periods of flight.
Battery power consumption and estimated depletion times are shown in
Table 13-4. Battery voltages, currents, and temperatures are shown in
Figures 13-5 through 13-7.
The 56-vdc power supply maintained an output voltage of 55.7 to 56.6 vdc,
well within the required tolerance of 56 ±2.5 vdc.
The 5-volt measuring power supply performed nominally, maintaining a

constant voltage within specified tolerances.
Switch selector, electrical distributors, and network cabling performed

nominally.
Table 13-4. IU Battery Power Consumption
RATED POWER CONSUMPTION* ESTIMATED*

CAPACITY PERCENT OF LIFETIME
BATTERY (AMP-HRS) AMP-HRS CAPACITY (HOURS)
6DIO 350 181.2 51.8 18.9
6D30 350 235.2 67.2 14.4
6D40 350 337.1 96.3 I0.I
*Based on available flight data to 35,214 seconds (09:46:54).
13-6
t:I,LILI11
[!iiilI_[!!i!
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33011
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_31Oliii
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IA_
0 0.5 1 2 4 6 8 lO 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
_OPERATING LIMIT RANGE TIME, lO00 SECONDS
--- PREDICTED l i t I i i _ i i .J
_ACTUAL 00:33:20 02:46:40 05:00:00 07:1:20 09:26:40
01:40:00 03:53:20 06:06:40 08:20:00 10:33:20
Figure 13-5. Battery 6DIO Voltage, Current, and Temperature
>
29
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'fill : :_.'
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°
0 0.5 2 4 6 I0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
RANGE TIME, lOOO SECONDS
OPERATING LIMIT
--- PREDICTED
ACTUAL
'
00:33:20 ' 02: ;6
:40 ' 05: oo
:00 ' ;
07:3:20 ' '
09:26:40 '
01:40:00 03:53:20 06:06:40 08:20:00 I0:33:20
RANGE TI ME, HOURS :MINUTES :SECONDS
Figure 13-6. Battery 6D30 Voltage, Current, and Temperature
13-7
31
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i!'_i
H!iiiiiiliii',i
27 i:ii iii:iiii! ; if: i:i:i!:.iii.; :: i:
>
25
4O
_. 35 -._ ._J,,,,m ,,("_'_
3O
25
15
OFF SCALE TO
340°K (152.6°F) "_
33o I l! - 130
-120 u_
o
320 J
-llO
_31o I I -100
I-- -90 _-
J
_; 300
.80
-70 _:
290 -- -60
280 '#I
"50
0 0.5 1 2 4 6 8 I0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
OPERATING LIMIT RANGE TIME, lOOO SECONDS
----- PREDICTED _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ACTUAL 00:33:20 02:46:40 05:00:00 07:13:20 09:26:40
Ol:4O:OO 03:53:20 06:06:40 08:20:00 I0:33:20
Figure 13-7. Battery 6D40 Voltage, Current, and Temperature
13-8
SECTION14
RANGESAFETYAND COMMAND
SYSTEMS
14.1 SUMMARY
Data indicated that the redundant Secure Range Safety CommandSystems

(SRSCS) on the S-IC, S-II and S-IVB stages were ready to perform their
functions properly on commandif flight conditions during the launch
phase had required vehicle destruct. The system properly safed the S-IVB
SRSCSon a commandtransmitted from Bermuda (BDA). The performance of
the Commandand Communications System (CCS) in the Instrument Unit (IU)
was satisfactory, except for the Radio Frequency (RF) problem noted in
paragraph 19.4.3.2.
14.2 SECURERANGESAFETYCOMMAND
SYSTEMS
Telemetered data indicated that the commandantennas, receivers/ decoders,

Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW) networks, and destruct controllers on each
powered stage functioned properly during flight and were in the required
state of readiness if flight conditions during the launch phase had re-
quired vehicle destruct. Since no arm/cutoff or destruct commandswere
required, all data except receiver signal strength remained unchanged
during the flight. Power to the system was cut off at 723.5 seconds by
ground commandfrom BDA, thereby deactivating (safing) the system. Both
S-IVB stage systems, the only systems in operation at this time, responded
properly to the safing command.
Radio Frequency (RF) performance aspects of the system are discussed in

paragraph 19.4.3.1.
14.3 COMMAND
AND COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
The commandsection of the CCSoperated satisfactorily except for the RF

problem noted in paragraph 19.4.3.2. Twenty commandswere initiated by
Mission Control Center - Houston (MCC-H) for transmission via the Gold-
stone (GDS) Wing Station, as shown in Table 14-I. The last II commands
were initiated with the ground station in the Message Acceptance Pulse
(MAP) override mode. The MAPoverride mode was necessary because the
telemetry data was noisy and the Address Verification Pulses (AVP's)
and Computer Reset Pulses (CRP's) could not be detected at the ground
14-I
station. A total of 50 commandwords were attempted by the GDSWing
Stati on.
The commandat 19,033.7 seconds (05:17:13.7) to switch the CCScoaxial

switch to the low-gain directional antenna position was unsuccessfully
transmitted four times. The commandwas not received by the onboard
equipment because the uplink subcarrier was not in lock. Upon comple-
tion of the automatic commandcycle (the ground station is set up to
automatically transmit the commandword four times or until the AVP's
and CRP's are received), a terminate commandwas issued to reset the
commandsystem and the switch commandwas again attempted at 19,062.3
seconds (05:17:42.3). During this second transmission, the ground com-
puter failed to capture the AVP's and CRP's, resulting in the command
being repeated three times. The verification pulses were missed because
Table 14-I. Command and Communication System GDS Commands History
RANGE TIME NUMBER OF

SECONDS 'HRS:MIN:SEC COMMAND WORDS REMARKS
17,466.6 04:51:06.6 T8 Initiated Accepted
17,770.9 04:56:10.9 Begin Environmental Control

System (ECS) Experiment 1 Accepted
18,502.2 05:08:22.2 Engine He Control Valve Enable 6 Accepted
19,033.7 05:17:13.7 Set Antenna Low Gain 4* Uplink Subcarrier Out-of-Lock
19,051.9 05:17:31.9 Terminate 1 Accepted
05:17:42.3 Set Antenna Low Gain 4* Accepted

19,062.3
27,367.7 07:36:07.7 Set Antenna High Gain 2* Accepted
08:53:39.3 CCS Transponder Disable 4 Noisy Telemetry**

32,019.3
32,066.6 08:54:26.6 CCS Transponder Disable 4 Noisy Telemetry**
32,601.4 09:03:21.4 CCS Transponder Disable 3 Accepted (MAP Override)
32,669.5 09:04:29.5 CCS Transponder Enable 3 Accepted (MAP Override)
33,825.1 09:23:45.1 Set Antenna Omni 1 Accepted (MAP Override)
09:26:40.1 Set Antenna Low Gain 1 Accepted (MAP Override)

34,000.1
34,105.3 09:28:25.3 CCS Transponder Disable 3 Accepted (MAP Override)
09:29:20.0 CCS Transponder Enable 3 Not Transmitted by

34,160.0
Ground Station
34,234.5 09:30:34.5 Set Antenna Omni Acceptance Status Unknown

(MAP Override)
34,312.0 09:31:52.0 Set Antenna High Gain Acceptance Status Unknown

(MAP Override)
09:33:39.9 Set Antenna Omni Acceptance Status Unknown

34,419.9
(MAP Override)
34,530.0 09:35:30.0 CCS Transponder Disable Acceptance Status Unknown

(MAP Override)
34,554.9 09:35:54.9 CCS Transponder Enable Accepted (MAP Override)
*One word is normally required to switch antennas. These commands were repeated due to the uplink being
out of lock or missed verification pulses at the ground station because of noisy telemetry.
**Only Mode Words Transmitted
14-2
of noisy telemetry due to low downlink signal strength. Acceptance of
the commandwas verified by an increase in signal strength and by the
antenna position measurement (K132-603) indicating the CCScoaxial
switch was in the low-gain antenna position.
Noisy telemetry resulted in a repeated commandat 27,367.7 seconds

(07:36:07.7) to transfer the CCS coaxial switch to the high-gain antenna
position. The commandwas repeated once before the ground computer de-
tected the acceptance pulses and terminated transmission of the command.
Transmission of the CCSdisable commandwas unsuccessful when attempted

at both 32,019.3 seconds (08:53:39.3) and 32,066.6 seconds (08:54:26.6)
due to noisy telemetry. The noise prevented the ground station from
detecting the AVP's and CRP's. Therefore, acceptance of the mode word
could not be verified. The mode word was transmitted eight times before
the MAPoverride mode was selected and the complete commandtransmitted
(one mode and two datawords). The commandwas accepted on this thi.rd
attempt at 32,601.4 seconds (09:03:21.4).
The commandto enable the CCSat 34,160.0 seconds (09:29:20.0) was not
transmitted by the ground station because the 70-kilohertz subcarrier
was off. This meant that the CCSdownlink was inhibited from 34,105.3
seconds (09:28:25.3) (CCS disable command) until the enable commandtrans-
mitted at 34,554.9 seconds (09:35:54.9) was accepted. This mode was
verified by the signal strength level during this period (see paragraph
19.4.3.2). Since the downlink was inhibited during this period, no AVP's
and CRP's were received for the antenna switching commandsand the dis-
able commandwas not transmitted during this period.
The acceptance status of the commandstransmitted during the period in

which the CCSwas inhibited is unknown except for the two commandsto
switch to the omni antennas. One or both of these commands, 34,234.5
seconds(09:30:34.5) and 34,419.9 seconds (09:33:39.9), were accepted by
the onboard system because measurement K131-603 indicated the system was
on the omni antennas when the downlink signal returned at 34,555 seconds
(09:35:55).
14-3/14-4
SECTION15
EMERGENCY
DETECTIONSYSTEM
15.1 SUMMARY
The performance of the AS-506 Emergency Detection System (EDS) was normal,
and no abort limits were exceeded.
15.2 SYSTEMEVALUATION
15.2.1 General Performance
The AS-506 EDS configuration was the same as on AS-505. All launch vehi-
cle EDS parameters remained well within acceptable limits during the
AS-506 mission. EDS related sequential events and discrete indications
occurred as expected.
15.2.2 Propulsion System Sensors
The performance of all thrust OK sensors, which monitor engine status,

was nominal insofar as EDSoperation was concerned. The associated voting
logic was also nominal. S-II and S-IVB tank ullage pressures remained
within the abort limits, and displays to the crew were normal.
15.2.3 Flight Dynamics and Control Sensors
As noted in Section II, none of the triple redundant rate gyros gave any
indication of angular overrate in the pitch, yaw, or roll axes. The maxi-
mum angular rates were well below the abort limits. The roll rate abort
limit is 20 deg/s; a switch selector commanddeactivated the overrate
automatic abort and changed the pitch and yaw rate abort settings from
4 deg/s to 9.2 deg/s at 134.8 seconds.
The maximumangle-of-attack dynamic pressure sensed by a redundant Q-ball

mounted atop the escape tower was 0.28 N/cm2 _0.4 psid) between 89 and
91 seconds. This pressure was only 12.5 percent of the EDS abort limit
of 2.2 N/cm2 (3.2 psid).
15-I/15-2
SECTION16
VEHICLEPRESSURE
ENVIRONMENT
16.1 SUMMARY
The S-IC stage base pressure environments were monitored by two heat
shield differential pressure measurements. S-II stage base pressure
environments were monitored by two absolute pressure measurements on the
heat shield and one on the thrust cone. The flight data were generally
in good agreement with the postflight predictions and compared well with
previous flight data. The pressure environments were well below design
levels.
There was no instrumentation provided on the AS-506 vehicle which would

permit a direct evaluation of the surface and compartment pressure
environments. One internal ambient pressure measurement located on the
S-II forward skirt was used to calculate the pressure loading acting on
that area and agreed with predictions and previous flight data.
16.2 BASEPRESSURES
16.2.1 S-IC Base Pressures
The S-IC stage base heat shield pressure loading was recorded by two
differential pressure measurements. Both measurements show good agreement
with previous flight data as shown in Figure 16-I. Pressure loading is
the difference between internal and external pressures (Pint-Pbase) defined
such that positive loading is in the burst direction. The heat shield
loadings were well within the 1.4 N/cm2 (2.0 psid) design pressure loading.
16.2.2 S-II Base Pressures
The S-II stage base heat shieid and thrust cone pressure environment was
recorded by two absolute pressure measurements on the heat shield and one
absolute pressure measurement on the thrust cone.
Except for the absence of a more significant drop in measured aft face
pressure at S-II Center Engine Cutoff (CECO), Figure 16-2 shows good
agreement between the postflight predicted and AS-506 flight heat shield
aft face static pressure history. It is seen that the AS-506 pressure
falls within the AS-501 through AS-505 data band. The predicted pressure
drop after S-II CECOis based on the computed total pressure loss resulting
16-I
ALTITUDE, n mi
5 I0 15 20 25 30
0.4 l l
E
U - 0.4 Z
"_
(__
zz 0.2
---- AS-505
._r- AS-506 O.2-J
__J u_
n_ STA 2.81 m L_._
r_r_
I,I.Q
c_c__ ::) I
m ..... ___._ _II,(J.63 in.) V') 4.J
ct3 4-} :__. -- 0 Cz') (-"
LI.J .r--
I.I-I °r"
r,,.," r_
C_C_. CL -.,-._
- -0.2
-0.2
0.4
O,J
E - 0.4
U
C..') _
zz 0.2
E) _J /" _V_------/--AS-506
AS-504 D0047-106 - 0.2--_
._.J _,_ Ill
STA 2.81 m l.a.l ..J_
i.I.ir'l r,,." r_
rY" i__
_° _ "
(110.63 in.) I
I L°''-o_-_ I (I')4.-)
_'_ 0 U (.I) ,c"
(._ e-" LI.J • I"
r_r_
- -0.2
-0.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
ALTITUDE, km
Figure 16-I. S-IC Base Heat Shield Pressure Loading
from the reverse flow passing through a shock wave above the nozzle
lip of the inoperative center engine. Based on AS-505 flight data, a
somewhat smaller but still measurable drop was expected for the
D158-206 measurement. The further pressure reduction occurring after
Engine Mixture Ratio (EMR) shift is predicted from the reduction of the
maximum pressure in the J-2 engine exhaust plume interaction regions.
Figure 16-3 shows the static pressure variation with range time on the
forward face of the base heat shield. It is seen that the AS-506
measured static pressure on the forward face of the heat shield, while
within design limits, exceeds the postflight prediction and was
16-2
S-II ESC X_ S-II CECO X_7 S-II OECO
_7 S-II ESC
V S-II SECOND PLANE X_ EMR SHIFT
SEPARATION
7 S-ll SECONDPLANE SEPARATION
TRANSDUCER(D158-206)
VEH STA 40.9 m (1608 in.)
RADIUS 1.91 m (75 in.)
AZIMUTH
351
69 __
"_/_-_"
/_-'_L._/_\ I PREVIOUS
FLIGHT DATA
X_7
_7
S-II
EMR SHIFT
CECO
I FLIGHT DATA
PREVIOUS __\_"_%v / - - -- - POSTFLIGHT PREDICTION _7 S-II OECO
0.07 I I I - 0.I0
FLIGHT DATA _ = 9o_''--L_ _ : o°
---- POSTFLIGHT PREDICTION - /"
0.06
0.07 - 0.I0
I_//TRANSDUCER (D150-206) --0.08
0.05 I-- \_r/ -VEH STA 40.9 m (1610 in.) I

0.06
.)<_ _Y ->{ RADIUS 1.85 m (73 in.)
-- 0.08
! o=9_ _'- _= _ AZIMUTH 350 deg
-0.O6 &
__ o.o4 i I i
0.05
i i I I
-0.06 . _, o.o3 I I I c,3
0.04 I r E
#. -0,04 _
D..
I r I
! I
u_
0.03 o.o2
-0.04 _-
l -- 0.02
I
=<
0.02 0.01 I
- 0.02
O II 1"_- -0
0.01
, V 'V o
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 16-2. S-II Heat Shield Aft Face Pressure Figure 16-3, S-II Heat Shield Forward Face Pressure
approximately 30 percent higher than that measured during the AS-501 and
AS-502 flights. No pressure measurement was available at this exact
location during the AS-503 through AS-505 flights. This condition is
believed to be a localized effect due to variable leakage through the J-2
engine nozzle flexible curtains.
Figure 16-4 shows the AS-506 static pressure variation on the thrust
cone, The measured AS-506 thrust cone static pressures agreed well with
predicted values and with previous flight data.
_7 S-II ESC
V S-II SECOND PLANE SEPARATION
I PREVIOUS _7 S-II CECO

FLIGHT DATA
_7 EMR SHIFT
FLIGHT DATA
POSTFLIGHT PREDICTION
_7 S-II OECO
0.07 I0
0.06
VEH STA 43.1 m (1698 in.)
AZIMUTH 2 deg O8
TRANSDUCER
RADIUS 3.30 (D187-206)
m (130 in.)_ ___ m
m
0.05
E
u 06 "_
z 0.04
l,J r_
r_
0.03
ULJ 0.04
r-/ r_
0.02
rY_
0.02
o.o !
I
o !
-o.ol 7 R7
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 55O 600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 16-4. S-II Thrust Cone Pressure
16-4
16.3 SURFACE PRESSURE AND COMPARTMENT VENTING
16.3.1 S-IC Stage
There was no instrumentation on the S-IC stage for evaluation of the

surface and compartment pressure environments.
16.3.2 S-II Stage
Other than the internal ambient pressure measurement (D163-219) located

on the forward skirt, there was no instrumentation on the S-II stage for
evaluation of the surface and compartment pressure environments. A
calculated pressure loading (Pint-Pext) on the forward skirt was obtained
by taking the difference between the predicted external pressure values
and the internal pressure (assumed uniform), which was measured at
vehicle longitudinal station 62.2 m (2449 in.) and peripheral angle of
191 degrees (see Figure 16-5). The AS-506 flight data (calculated) show
the same trends and are in good agreement with the postflight predictions
and previous flight data.
16-5
LIFTOFF _7 MAXIMUM DYNAMIC PRESSURE
MACH 1 _7 S-IC/S-II Ist PLANE SEPARATION
INTERNAL MEASUREMENT:
D163-219
POSTFLIGHT PREDICTION VEHICLE STATION:

62.2 m (2449 in.)
AS-506 FLIGHT DATA (CALCULATED)
AZIMUTH ANGLE:
I DATA FROM PREVIOUS FLIGHTS _= 191 degrees
DESIGN LIMIT (STATIC PRESSURE)

VARIES FROM4.34 N/cm 2 (6.3 psid)
TO 4.69 N/cm 2 (6.8 psid) DEPENDIN_
ON VEHICLE STATION
/- --7
I
!
_=0 = 90
E
o 4 i
--6
I
i
X
--5 _-_
4)
GJ X
r_
' 3 ! !
c--
ore- _4 t-
.r--
i
v
I
I 'I]
v
i
z
Z
c: 2 _3
r-%
0
.=J m 0
i,i
,,, A il _2 _"
_0 O0
1,1 I| I
fs I
r_ rv"
t
--I
: i _,
I 0
t,
0
' -
25 50
] ,,2,,
75
\i/
1O0 125 150
r
I
175
RANGE TIME, SECONDS

Figure 16-5. S-II Forward Skirt Pressure Loading
16-6
SECTION 17
VEHICLE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT
17.1 SUMMARY
The AS-506 S-IC base region thermal environments have similar magnitudes
and trends as those measured during previous flights. Maximum values of
total heating and gas temperature were recorded at approximately 20 kilo-
meters (10.8 n mi) altitude with maximum values of 25 watt/cm2
(22.2 Btu/ft2-s) and 1200°K (1695°F), respectively.
In general, base thermal environments on the S-II stage were similar to

those measured on previous flights and were well below design limits.
However, the heat shield aft radiation heating rates were approximately
20 percent higher than the maximum values measured during previous flights.
Flow separation was observed (ALOTS film) to occur at approximately 116

seconds range time. Aerodynamic heating environments were not measured
on AS-506.
17.2 S-IC BASE HEATING
Thermal environments in the base region of the S-IC stage were recorded by
two total calorimeters and two gas temperature probes which were on the
heat shield at the locations shown in Figure 17-I. Data from these
instruments are compared with the AS-502 through AS-505 flight data band
(Figures 17-2 and 17-3) and are shown versus altitude to minimize trajec-
tory differences. AS-501 flight data, which showed less severity than
subsequent flight data because of flow deflector effects, are not shown.
As shown in Figures 17-2 and 17-3, the AS-506 S-IC base heat shield thermal
environments have similar magnitudes and trends as those measured during
the previous flights. Maximum values of total heating and gas temperature
data were recorded at approximately_ 20 kilometers (10.8 n mi) with maximum
values of 25 watt/cm2 (22.2 Btu/ftZ-s) and 1200°K (1695°F), respectively.
Center Engine Cutoff (CECO) on AS-506 produced a spike in the data with a
magnitude and duration similar to previous flight data at CECO. The
AS-506 gas temperature data are similar to previous flight data. However
the AS-506 and AS-505 gas temperature data do not show the decrease
between 4 and 9 kilometers (2.2 and 4.9 n mi) which the AS-502 through
AS-504 flight data indicated.
17-I
Ambient gas temperatures inside the engine cocoons remained within the
band of previous flight data.
POS IV _ POS III
C149-I06
TOTAL CALORIMETER
C050-I06
GAS TEMPERATURE
f (0.64 cm (0.25
FT OF SURFACE) in.)
POS I
POS II
C026-I06
TOTAL CALORIMETER
\
FIN A
C052-I06
GAS TEMPERATURE
VIEW LOOKING AFT (6,35 cm (2.50 in.)
AFT OF SURFACE)
Figure 17-I. S-IC Base Heat Shield Measurement Locations
17-2
_o '3_n1V_3dW31 SV9 Jo '3_nlV_3dW31 SV9
(3J
c"
(./3
4J
_J
mr-
QJ
e (1; S--
e:_ "1--)
S----
I E
• (/)
(Y3 r_
o
o
r"
CM O CO _o ,_P
(3J
_Io '3_l_rd3dH31 SV9
E_
°1"
_Lr) LL
[_i_!],
s-_In_Q
s-2%$/n_Q
'31_rd 9NI±V3H lV±Ol '31_rd 9NIIV3H 7VI01
_3 _N mcr_
r..=..
o4.._
'3lW 9NI±V3H ]VIOl ' 3.l.V'd 9NI/V3H ]VlO.l.
C_
•f,--
IJ._
17-3
17.3 S-II BASE REGION ENVIRONMENT
The S-II base heat shield flight environments were, in general, in good
agreement with previous flight data and were well below design limits.
S-II heat shield aft face convective heating rates, aft radiation heating
rates, and base gas temperatures are presented in Figures 17-4 through 17-6,
along with previous flight data and postflight predictions. The postflight
predicted heat shield convective heating rates are based on hot flow 1/25
scale S-II stage model test data. Postflight predictions for the other
two figures were accomplished by the same analytical methods that have
been described in previous flight evaluation reports.
s ll Esc V s If cEco V S-II OECO
S-II SECONDPLANE SEPARATION _ EMR SHIFT
PREVIOUS FLIGHT TRANSDUCER (C722-206) __

I DATA VEH STA 41.4
RADIUS
m (1630
1.9 m(75 i,.]_____---_.
in.) _ _J_._
FLIGHT DATA AZIMUTH 83 deg --_-_- _ =.eX_

PREDICTION
! !
l &
E
u
4-
"'_V 'Y ]
rr_
2
l
w
F-- F--
rY
z 1 Z
i,i
-r
I I,i
-r
-I -I
! !
VV V
150 2O0 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 6O0
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 17-4. S-II Heat Shield Aft Face Heat Rate
17-4
V S-II ESC
V S-II SECOND PLANE SEPARATION
I PREVIOUS
V S-II CECO
FLIGHT DATA
V EMR SHIFT
FLIGHT DATA
S-II OECO
PREDICTION
,
I I I I I
_j_ TRA_sDUCER
(C692-206)
- ,_ --VEH STA 41.4 m (1630 jn
X RADIUS 2.54 m (I00 in )
o 9o° I _ = oO--AZIMUTH 0 deg T
c_
E
I I
(J
+_ 2 4_
w
--_-Z ........... _ _
/ Z
Z
b-"
w -r
0 0
-1
-I
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 17-5. Heat Shield Aft Radiation Heat Rate
Figure 17-5 shows that the incident radiative heat flux during the AS-506
flight was greater than predicted and approximately 20 percent higher than
the maximum values measured during flights AS-501 through AS-505. The
most probable cause for this increase is engine misalignment or engine
gimbaling, neither of which are accounted for in the postflight prediction
of the incident radiative heat flux.
There were no measurements of structural temperatures made on the AS-506

S-II stage base heat shield. To evaluate the structural temperatures
experienced on the aft surface of the heat shield, a maximum postflight
!7-5
V S-II ESC
S-II CECO X_ S-II OECO
V S-II SECOND PLANE SEPARATION EMR SHIFT
NOTE: THE PROBES EXTEND

I PREVIOUS
FLIGHT DATA
APPROX. 0.05 m (2 in.) ABOVE
THE HEAT SHIELD AFT SURFACE_
.... GAS RECOVERY
TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCER (C731-206) , /,_"_"_
FLIGHT DATA VEH STA 41.4 m (1630 in.)
PROBE TEMPERATURE RADIUS 1.91 m (75 in.) __
_----PREDICTION AZIMUTH 99 deg_ _._
PROBE TEMPERATURE _:'9_
1200
1600
1100
I000
1200
900
40O
300
0
200
I00
0
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 17-6. S-II Base Gas Temperature
predicted temperature was calculated for the aft surface using base
heating rates predicted for the AS-506 flight. The predicted maximum
postflight temperature was 818°K (IOI4°F) which compared favorably with
maximum postflight temperatures predicted from previous flights, and was
well below the maximum design temperatures of I066°K (1460°F) for the
no-engine-out case and III6°K (1550°F) for the one control engine-out
case.
17-6
The effectiveness of the heat shield and flexible curtains as a thermal
protection system was again demonstrated on this flight as on previous
flights by the relatively low temperatures recorded on the thrust cone
forward surface. The AS-506 maximummeasured thrust cone forward surface
temperature was 266°K (20°F), essentially equal to that recorded during
previous flights. The measured temperatures were well below design values
and in good agreement with postflight predictions.
17.4 VEHICLEAEROHEATING
THERMALENVIRONMENT
17.4.1 S-IC Stage Aeroheating Environment
The aerodynamic heating environments were not measured on the AS-506

S-IC stage. However, flow separation was measurable from flight optical
data (ALOTS film) and was observed to occur at approximately the same
time as on AS-505, 116 seconds as shown in Figure 17-7. The effects, of
CECOon the separated flow region during AS-506 flight were the same as
observed on previous flights. It should be noted that at higher altitudes,
the measured location of the forward point of flow separation is question-
able because of loss of resolution in the flight optical data.
6O
NOTE: FORWARDLOCATION
OF FLOW SEPAP_ATION
MEASURED FROM AS-506
ALOTS 70 MM FILM 2000
5O
V S-IC CECO
E 40
1500
z
o
z
o
30
I---
0 0 o
o 1000
,.=, J
o ( po
20 ©0
) 0)00 :_Jd
D
0
cb 5OO
0
10
0 I00 1 I0 120 130 140 150 160

RANGE TIME, SECONDS
Figure 17-7. Forward Location of Separated Flow
17-7
17.4.2 S-II Stage Aeroheating Environment
There were no aerodynamic heating environments measured on the S-II stage;

however, postflight predicted temperatures were determined based on the
actual AS-506 trajectory and thermal models used in previous flight
evaluations. All postflight predicted temperatures were well below the
design limits and within the band of previous flight data.
17-8
SECTION18
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
SYSTEM
18.1 SUMMARY
The S-IC canister conditioning system and the aft environmental condi-
tioning system performed satisfactorily during the AS-506 countdown.
The S-II thermal control and compartment conditioning system apparently

performed satisfactorily since the ambients external to the containers
were nominal and there were no problems with the equipment in the con-
tai ners.
The Instrument Unit (IU) Environmental Control System (ECS) exhibited

overall satisfactory performance for the duration of the IU mission.
Coolant temperatures, pressures, and flowrates were continuously main-
tained within required ranges and design limits. One deviation from
specification was observed. The inertial platforf_ gas bearing
differential^pressure drifted above the I0./ N/cmz (15.5 psid} maximum
to 11.2 N/cmz (16.3 psid). This drifting phenomenon also occurred on
on AS-501, AS-503, and AS-504 and caused no detrimental effect on the
mission.
18.2 S-IC ENVIRONMENTAL

CONTROL
The ambient temperatures of the 4 canisters in the S-IC forward skirt com-
partment must be maintained at 300 +_II°K (80 +20°F) during equipment
operation prior to J-2 engine chilldown and 325 to 278°K (125 to 40°F)
during J-2 engine chilldown. No canister conditioning is required after
S-IC forward umbilical disconnect.
The canister conditioning system was supplied with air/GN 2 (gaseous nitro-
gen) at a flowrate of 17.24 kg/min (38 Ibm/min) and a temperature of
299°K (79°F) through the S-IC forward lower umbilical and at a flowrate
of 15.42 kg/min (34 Ibm/min) and a temperature of 301°K (81°F) through
the S-IC forward upper umbilical during AS-506 countdown prior to J-2
engine chilldown. During J-2 engine chilldown, the flowrate and tempera-
ture of the GN2 supplied to the forward upper umbilical was increased to
18.82 kg/min (41.5 Ibm/min) and 311°K (IO0°F), and the temperature of the
GN2 supplied to the forward lower umbilical was increased to 314°K (I05°F).
No instrumentation was installed in the canisters on AS-506; therefore,
18-I
no evaluation of the actual temperatures within the canisters was possi-
ble. No failure of any electrical/electronic equipment installed in the
canisters was reported.
During J-2 engine chilldown, the thermal environment is at the most

critical point. Within this period the ambient temperature in the for-
ward skirt compartment dropped as shown in Figure 18-I. The lowest
ambient temperature measured during AS-506 J-2 engine chilldown was 229°K
(-48°F) at instrument location C206-120. During AS-506 flight, the
lowest temperature recorded was 183°K (-130°F) at instrument location
C206-120.
The design requirement for the aft compartment is that the ambient tem-
perature for prelaunch be maintained at 300.0 +8.3°K (80 +I5°F). Aft
compartment prelaunch ambient temperatures are shown in Figure 18-2.
The lowest prelaunch temperature recorded was 287°K (58°F) at instrument
CI07-I15. This low temperature occurred prior to LOX loading and did not
cause any problems. Aft compartment ambient temperatures for flight are
also shown in Figure 18-2. The lowest temperature recorded was 285°K
(54°F) at instrument C203-I15.
18.3 S-II ENVIRONMENTAL

CONTROL
The engine compartment conditioning system maintained the ambient and

thrust cone surface temperature within design ranges throughout the launch
countdown. The system also maintained an inert atmosphere within the com-
partment.
There were no thermal control container temperature measurements; how-

ever, since the ambients external to the containers were satisfactory
and there were no problems with the equipment in the containers, it is
assumed that the thermal control systems performed adequately. The am-
bient temperature near the forward system was 44.5 to 85°K (80 to 152°F)
warmer than the extremes of past vehicles due to the increased effective-
ness of the foam insulation used on the S-II-6 hydrogen tank forward
bulkhead. Foam insulation reduced heat leakage from the engine compart-
ment and resulted in more uniform temperatures from container to container.
18.4 IU ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
The IU ECS is composed of a Thermal Conditioning System (TCS) and a Gas

Bearing Supply System (GBS). A preflight purge subsystem provided com-
partment conditioning prior to launch and maintained the compartment
temperature within the required 290 to 296°K (63 to 73°F) range.
18.4.1 Thermal Conditioning System
Initial sublimator start-up and sublimator performance parameters during

ascent are depicted in Figure 18-3. Immediately after liftoff, the Modu-
lating Flow Control Valve (MFCV) began driving toward the full heatsink
18-2
AS-506 FLIGHT DATA
260 I i
,0
-----_ f c208-120,
250
-2O
v 240, h
o 0
I--- -40 p-
_ 230 \
o_
_- C206-I 20
I---
-6O
220
210 -8O
_r.'MINIMUM PERFORMANCELIMIT
_ _ _ _r_ .I J
2(
-I 80 -160 -I O0 -80 -60 -40 -20
280
AS-506 FLIGHT DATA "40
I I I I
260
\ PREDICTED MAX i MUM
, \
f -0
240 _ '. \
"-40
o /
220 _ "- l_ _ fi --80

---2
200 , _'PREDICTED MINIMUM
."--
____'"'-
....., __._.__"-_,_ J
c206-12o
" --_..._-:_ _" "-120
180
"-160
160
0 20 40 60 80 I00 120 140 160
RANGE
TIME, SECONDS
Figure 18-I. S-IC Forward Compartment Ambient Temperature
18-3
c_ ._0 '3_nlD"d3d_31
-_ ' 3_NI_Fd3dH3.L -lo °3_n.1_"d3dH31 o c_
o
i
i ._o I E
i
i
_
._.
iI It / i
I _
-N-
,! Ill x I
I )
,_. I Illl
T I i Itll E
I Jill
I/ll w_
I/ll o
i
Illl I _ !
oO
'T I 'T
I
j I
li ! I
I I
I
rl I
II }
s N _//"
"- Ii I oO
( ", ,/ i/
z IIII _
co !
I
I IIii _ ( o o
o _ _ _ N N
o_
"_o ' 3_AlV_3d_31 i,
_o ' 3Unl_3d_P_t _ '3_IW3dH31
292
I I I i - 65 '
291 -M-W CONTROL TEMP C15-601_
290
o
. 289 I THERMuAL " 60

2 SWITCH
288
_7 WATER VJLVE OPEN •_ CLOSED TEMP 2
I--
_287 _7 FIRST THERMAL SWITCH SAMPLING
_: 286 _-WATER VALVE CLOSED- _-
-55 _
285 I--
284
283 - 5O
u2.5
SUBLII_ATOR W'ATER
32.0 3_
- 1.5 i INLET PRESSURE D43-601 I" \
22
_I.0
_o.5
•= o o2
lO
SUBLIMATOR'HEAT .ESTIMATED
8 --REJECTION RATE - I
. 6 I 20,000
/
4 l/
"30'000
"I0,000 1
_- 2
1 0
lO0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 lO00 llO0 1200 1300 1400 1500
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
_7 , R7 , _ , , ,
0:05:00 O:lO:O0 0:15:00 0:20:00 0:25:00
Figure 18-3. Sublimator Performance During Ascent
position which was reached at approximately 30 seconds. The water valve

opened at 181 seconds allowing water to flow to the sublimator. Immed-
iate cooling was evidenced by the rapid decline in the coolant fluid
temperature. At the first thermal switch sampling, the coolant tempera-
ture was still above the actuation point and the water valve remained
open. The second thermal switch sampling at approximately 780 seconds
resulted in closing of the water supply valve.
Coolant flowrates and pressures were well within required ranges as in-
dicated in Table 18-I.
An after mission experiment was performed in which the water supply valve
logic was inhibited (valve closed) to determine the effect of loss of
sublimator cooling. This was initiated approximately 5 hours after
liftoff. The Methanol/Water (M/W) supply temperature exceeded the
maximum scale range of 293°K (68°F) at about 23,200 seconds (Figure 18-4).
The TCS GN2 sphere pressure decay which is indicative of GN2 usage rate
was as expected for the nominal case as shown in Figure 18-5.
18-5
Table 18-I. TCS Coolant Flowrates and Pressures
PARAMETER REQUIREMENT MINIMUM MAXIMUM

OBSERVED OBSERVED
IU Coolant Flow- 2.18 2.20 2.27

rate F9-602 (9.6) (9.71 (I0.0)
m3/hr (gpm)
S-IVB Coolant 1.77 +_.09 1.77 1.82

Flowrate F10-601 (7.8 +_.4) (7.8) (8.2)
m3/hr (gpm)
Pump Inlet Pres- 10.83 to LII.72 II .03 11.38

sure D24-601 (15.7 to _17.0) (16.0) (16.51
N/cm 2 (psia)
Pump Outlet Pres- 28.89 to ,33.23 31.03 31.72

sure D17-601 (41.9 to 48.2) (45.O) (46.0)
N/cm 2 (psia)
294
M)W C'ONTROL'TEMPEP_TUI_E ('C15'-601') 70
293 I
292
291 65
290
:_
o
289
" /1 I , 6o_
" 288
I--
_ 287
_ 286
285 I-.-
284 L
283
282
281
28O 45
:_0.04 I Sl]BLiMAT'ORWATER F'LOWRATE (F'l-6()l)- 0.2
_oo2
_E 0 ' o N
_J
% 3.0 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1'-4 ,'_
oOo iiii iilo

o 2.5 -SUBLIMATOR WATER I LE P SS RE (D4 -6 I) "_
0 2 4 6 8 I0 12 1416 ]8 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
I I t I i I I l I I I I I I ;
0 2:00:00 4:00:00 6:00:00 8:00:00 I0:00:00 12:00:00 14:00:00

RANGE TIME, HOURS:MINUTES _SECONDS
Figure 18-4. TCS Coolant Control Parameters
18-6
23
22 -3200
21 . -3000
20
2800
19
18 2600
%
17
-2400
16
NOMINAL EXPECTED DECAY
15 2200
14
/ 2000
13
Z
-1800
12
%
II 1600
L_J I0
-1400
9
8 -1200
7 I000
6
800
5
4 6OO
4O0
2OO
0
0 2 4 6 8 I0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I:00:00 3:00:00 5:00:00 7:00:00 9:00:00 II:00:00 13:00:00
2:00:00 4:00:00 6:00:00 8:00:00 I0:00:00 12:00:00
Figure 18-5. TCS GN2 Sphere Pressure (D25-601)
All component temperatures remained within their expected ranges for the
duration of the mission (Figure 18-6). The ST-124M internal gimbal
(inertial) temperature (C34-603) went below operational temperature
range 313°K (I04°F) (marginal operation) at about 4 hours. Lower tempera-
ture operation was also observed on AS-504 and AS-505, and is due to a
change in internal platform configuration (including axial blower) effect-
tive on AS-504 and subsequent. No degradation of platform performance has
been noted. The component temperatures all climbed as expected during the
ECS experiment and C34-603 went above its upper operating limit 319°K
(II5°F) at about 9 hours (Figure 18-6).
18.4.2 Gas Bearing Supply System
The GN2 pressure differential across the ST-124M platform gas bearings
drifted from an initial value of 10.48 N/cm 2 (15.2 psid) at liftoff to
11.24 N/cm2 (16.3 psid) at 23,200 seconds (see Figure 18-7). The upper
limit of the specification value 10.7 N/cm2 (15.5 psid) was exceeded at
about 2500 seconds. The phenomenon of upward drifting of the pressure
differential has occurred on AS-501, AS-503, and AS-504 flights. Exten-
sive analysis and laboratory testing has indicated that the pressure
18-7
:lo '3_Nl_d3_31
_-Io '3_NL_d3d_31
• . . ...,...,_,,..,_;.;._;,; • .
iiiiii
iiiillii
ii
o _ i_i:!:_:i:i::i:i:i:i:_
o '_:i::_!:i:i:i:_::i:i:i:!: %
•
,,%°
• t,
0.o.
":_:':':':':':':":':':'!'
"=:"_-';°_ "°°°
• • o
1
iiiiiiiiii_i_i!!i _ *. ee
:i:i:i:i:!:_:_:i:
:::::;!;!_o
".. 5
:,:.:.:-:o
:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:
_vooa c.._ >- ¢'_,,I c'_J
:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 0
•".'.'.'-'-','-',; ";':': 0
I
.:.:-:-:-:.:-:.:,,:...-:0
i_iiiiiiiiiiiil
ii_iii!_ cO
::::2:2:::::::::: :,:,2.:-:0
i:_:_:_:i:i:i:::
i_!iiiiig uJ_
_Oooo_ _.:,_ , • _. :i:!:i:i:i:!:_:_:

:::::::::_
°° ":-:-:,:.:,:.:.:-:-:-:-:0
:':"'""/""-"0
%°°°IOo
:i:i_:i:!:!::::_
• - -:-:0:,
i:i:=!:i:i:i b-l:_
___.: ..-...
::::O :1:: :-:0:-:

LaJ_
?:, n :.:-:..:.:,:.:. ¢-) U_ I
f • _ ..... •o., :_
% .1-:-:-:.:,:.1.:,:£.:.1.:,:
:::::::::::::::::::::::::
,..,.....:,:.:.:.:.:.:,;.; 0 I
)6 '3_nlV_13dH31 _o '3_NL_3cIH3J
11.5
GAS BEARING PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL DII-603
16 "_
11.0
i!iiii_iii
ii!ii_ii!ii!
iiiiii{i!i -
- I0.5
i::i::i::::ii::i
iiii!iiii;:_.iiii!!iiii:
15
ii!::::_ ..... >>',:.:,:
m
I0.0
9.5
, II I I I _:"_:I"..... __ 14 _"
13.0 -19
12.5 _._
....l.....
PLATFORM L_J ......
_..i l.....L 1....L....i.......t' ..... l..................
INTERNAL AMBIENT PRESSURED12-603 i
_
//
,--I-m--I--
! _ -18
12.0
tI1"-!+
....
.....
,.....................
.....
+!......
-Ii,........
---
...
::!
,.....
..........
_
:....
.........
II.5
II.0 -16
-I 5 ._
10.5
lO.O C_
-14 .
9.5
_= 9.0 -13
8.5 -12
8.0 ii_ii_-_!_i!_i_i_ii_i_i_!_i_
_ _ _-_6_C'Vt:i'GHT OPE
RATIN_
RA_6E
_:.i:f.:i_i-,i_!{iii
-II
7.5
7.0 I0
6.5
2 4 6 8 I0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
RANGE TIME, lO00 SECONDS
ii I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1:00:00 3:00:00 5:00:00 7:00:00 9:00:00 11:00:00 13:00:00

2:00:00 4:00:00 6:00:00 8:00:00 I0:00:00 12:00;00
RANGE TIME, IIOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS
Figure 18-7. Inertial Platform GN2 Pressures
differential discrepancy is a function of a number of variables acting

simultaneously with no single controlling factor. Although the gas
bearing pressure regulator as a component fulfills its functional re-
quirements, variables are introduced at a systems level which cause the
pressure differential drift.
The occurrence of a slightly higher pressure differential on previous

flights has resulted in no discernible effect on platform operation.
Vendor testing of the inertial platform at pressure differentials up to
13.8 N/cm 2 (20 psid) have resulted in no degradation in platform perform-
ance.
An engineering change proposal is being considered to change the upper

limit of the specification to an acceptable value, which includes the
tolerance buildup of the system variables.
The GBS sphere pressure decay shown in Figure 18-8 was as expected. This
was an indication of normal GN2 consumption.
18-9
22 -3200
-3000
2O
2800
18 2600
°.
2400
16
's
22Q0
_s 14
2000
% 1800
12 I
m,-
_" " ,./NOMINAL EXPECTED DECAY 1600
UO
u_ I0
1400
8 1200
lO00
-800
6OO
4OO
2OO
0
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
I:00:00 3;00:00 5:0Q;00 7:00:00 9:00:00 II:00:00 13:00:00

I I I I I I I I I I I I I
2:00:00 4:00;00 6:00:00 8:00:00 I0:00:00 12:00:00
Figure 18-8. GBS GN2 Sphere Pressure (D10-603)
18-I0
SECTION19
DATASYSTEMS
19.1 SUMMARY
All elements of the data system performed satisfactorily except for a

problem with the Commandand Communications System (CCS) downlink during
translunar coast.
Measurement performance was excellent, as evidenced by 99.9 percent

reliability. This is the highest reliability attained on any Saturn V
fl i ght.
Telemetry performance was nominal, with the exception of a minor calibra-

tion deviation. Very High Frequency (VHF) telemetry Radio Frequency (RF)
propagation was generally good, though the usual problems due to flame
effects and staging were experienced. Usable VHF data wer_ received to
17,800 seconds (04:56:40). Commandsystems RF performance for both the
Secure Range Safety CommandSystems (SRSCS) and CCSwas nominal except
for the CCSdownlink problem noted. Usable CCSdata were received to
35,214 seconds (09:46:54).
Goldstone (GDS) received CCSsignal carrier to 35,779 seconds (09:56:19).

Good tracking data were received from the C-Band radar, with Patrick Air
Force Base (PAFB) indicating final Loss of Signal (LOS) at 42,912 seconds
(II :55:12).
The 75 ground engineering cameras provided good data during the launch.
19.2 VEHICLE MEASUREMENT

EVALUATION
The AS-506 launch vehicle had 1370 measurements scheduled for flight.
Eight measurements were waived prior to the start of the automatic count-
down sequence leaving 1362 measurements active for flight. Of the waived
measurements, five provided valid data during the flight.
Table 19-I presents a summary of measurement performance for the total

vehicle and for each stage. Measurement performance was exceptionally
good, as evidenced by 99.9 percent reliability, which is the highest
attained on any Saturn V flight.
19-I
Table 19-I. AS-506 Measurement Summary
MEASUREMENTS S-IC S-II S-IVB INSTRUMENT TOTAL

CATEGORY STAGE STAGE STAGE UNIT VEHICLE
Scheduled 313 563 270 224 1370

Waived 3 4 1 0 8
Fai I ures 0 2 0 0 2
Partial Failures 8 0 0 0 8
Reli abi I i ty, I00.0 99.6 I00.0 I00.0 99.9
Percen t
Tables 19-2 and 19-3 tabulate by stage the waived measurements, totally
failed and partially failed measurements. None of the listed failures
had any significant impact on postflight evaluation.
19.3 AIRBORNETELEMETRY
SYSTEMS
Performance of the eight VHF telemetry links was generally satisfactory

with the minor exceptions noted. A brief performance summary of these
links is shown in Table 19-4.
There was a variation of approximately 17 counts in the I00 percent level

of the inflight calibrations for the DP-I telemetry link. This is equiv-
alent to 85 millivolts as compared to 41 millivolts in the specifications.
This type of variation is present in all other calibration levels to a
lesser degree. The data indicate the variation is from the Model 301 or
the Model 270 multiplexers and not the 5-volt measuring supply. This
problem, which also occurred on AS-505, is being investigated.
Data degradation and dropouts were experienced at various times during

boost as on previous flights due to attenuation of RF transmission, at
these times, as discussed in paragraph 19.4.1.
Usable VHF telemetry data were received to 17,800 seconds (04:56:40) at

Guaymas (GYM).
Performance of the CCS telemetry was generally satisfactory except for the
period during translunar coast from 27,128 seconds (07:32:08) to 35,779
seconds (09:56:19). This problem is discussed in detail in paragraph
19.4.3.2. Usable CCSdata were received at GDSto 35,214 seconds (09:46:54).
19-2
Table 19-2. AS-506 Flight Measurements Waived Prior to Launch
MEASUREMENT
NUMBER MEASUREMENT TITLE NATURE OF FAILURE REMARKS
S-IC STAGE
D004-I02 Pressure, Fuel Pump Transducer offset and not KSC Waiver I-B-506-3. Meas-
Inlet l responsive to pressure urement provided valid data
throughout powered flight
Dllg-102 Pressure Differential, Transducer fai Iure KSC Waiver I-B-506-3

Engine Gimbal System
Filter Manifold
DI19-I03 Pressure Differential, Transducer fai Iure KSC Waiver I-B-506-3
Engine Gimbal System
Filter Manifold
S-II STAGE
!
C_ D008-201 El LOX Turbine Inlet Transducer drift Flight data usable
Pressure
DI04-201 Engine Hydraulic Noisy transducer Flight data usable
Reservoir Pressure
DI04-202 Engine Hydraulic Noisy transducer Flight data usable
Reservoir Pressure
D_04-203 Engine Hydraulic Noisy transducer Flight data usable

Reservoir Pressure
S-IVB STAGE
C0005-405 Temp. - Cold He Measurement failed off-scale It is suspected that a

Sphere No. 3 Gas low during LH2 loading of resistance dependent upon
CDDT. temperature was shunting the
temperature sensor. This
causes a lower than calibrated
resistance of the probe to be
seen by the bridge.
Table 19-3. AS-506 Measurement Malfunctions
TIME OF
MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT SATISFACTORY
NATURE oF FAILURE FAILURE REMARKS
NUMBER TI TLE OPERATION
(RANGE TIME)
TOTAL MEASUREMENTFAILURES, S-II STAGE

C003-205 E5 Fuel Turbine Transducer opened S-II ESC 0 second
Inlet Temp.
F001-204 E4 Main Fuel Flow No data pulses Prior to launch 0 second
during engine burn
PARTIAL MEASUREMENTFAILURES, S-IC STAGE
C003-I Ol Temperature, No data from 0 to 77 0 second 85 seconds Probable cable
Turbine Manifold seconds problem
DO07-101 Pressure, Fuel Data decreases after 135 seconds 135 seconds Probable trans-
Pump Discharge 2 135 seconds ducer malfunction
D007-I02 Pressure, Fuel Data approximately 105 seconds 148 seconds Probable trans-
I Pump Discharge 2 I00 psi low from ducer malfunction
105 to 120 seconds
D007-I05 Pressure, Fuel Data approximately 85 seconds 148 seconds Probable trans-
Pump Discharge 2 I00 psi low from ducer malfunction
85 to I00 seconds
DO16-I 04 Pressure, Engine Data approximately 95 seconds 122 seconds Probable trans-
Gimbal System I00 psi high from ducer malfunction
Supply, Engine 4 95 to 135 seconds
DI18-I04 Pressure, Engine Data erratic subse- 140 seconds 140 seconds Probable trans-
Gimbal System quent to 140 seconds ducer malfunction
Return, Yaw
Actuator
D144-I19 Pressure, Helium Data read low from I00 seconds 132 seconds Cause unknown
Storage Tank I00 to 130 seconds
K085-120 LOX Tank Vent Data noisy and Ignition 27 seconds Probable cable
Valve, Closed erratic from igni- problem
tion to 135 seconds
Table 19-4. AS-506 Launch Vehicle Telemetry Links
LINK FREQUENCY MODULATION STAGE FLIGHT PERIOD

MHz (RANGETIME, SEC) PERFORMANCE
SUMMARY
AF-I 256.2 FM/FM S-IC 0-410 Satisfactory

AP-I 244.3 PCM/FM S-IC 0-410
Data Dropouts
Range Time (sec) Duration (sec)
162.3 l.O
165.5 1.7
BF-I 241.5 FM/FM S-II 0-772 Satisfactory
BF-2 234.0 FM/FM S-II 0-772
S-ll 0-772 Data Dropouts
BP-I 248.6 PCM/FM
163.0 2.5
192.3 3.0
I CP-I 258.5 PCM/FM S-IVB Flight Duration Satisfactory
Data Dropouts
162.4 1.0
DF-I 250.7 FM/FM IU Flight Duration Satisfactory except for DP-I

DP-I 245.3 PCM/FM IU Flight Duration calibration.
DP-IB 2282.5 PCM/FM IU 0-35,779
Data Dropouts
162.9 (VHF) 2.1
162.5_ 7.0
193.5 8.0
17,470 See 19.4.3.2
27,128 'DP-IB See 19.4.3.2
30,264 only See 19.4.3.2
34,020 See 19.4.3.2
35,214 j See 19.4.3.2
19.4 RF SYSTEMS EVALUATION
19.4.1 Telemetry System RF Propagation Evaluation
The performance of the eight VHF telemetry links was excellent and gener-
ally agreed with predictions. VHF telemetry links AF-2, AF-3, AS-I, AS-2,
BF-3, BS-I, BS-2, CF-I and CS-I were deleted on AS-506.
Moderate to severe signal attenuation was experienced at various times

during the boost due to main flame effects, S-IC/S-II and S-II/S-IVB
staging, S-II ignition and S-II second plane separation. Magnitude of
these effects was comparable to that experienced on previous flights. At
S-IC/S-II staging, signal strength on all VHF telemetry links and on the
CCS downlink dropped to threshold for approximately 2 and 7 seconds,
respectively. Signal degradation due to S-II ignition and S-II flame
effects was sufficient to cause loss of VHF telemetry data on the S-IC and
S-II stages. CCS and S-II VHF data were lost during S-II second plane
separation. In addition, there were intervals during the launch phase
where some data were so degraded as to be unusable. Loss of these data,
however, posed no problem since losses were of such short duration as to
have little or no impact on flight analysis.
The performance of the S-IVB and IU telemetry systems was nominal during
orbit, second burn and final coast, except for the CCS problem discussed
in paragraph 19.4.3.2.
GYM reported VHF LOS at 17,800 seconds (04:56:40) and GDS reported CCS
LOS at 35,779 seconds (09:56:19).
A summary of available VHF telemetry coverage showing Acquisition of

Signal (AOS) and LOS for each station is shown in Figure 19-I.
19.4.2 Tracking Systems RF Propagation Evaluation
Analysis of data received to date indicates that the C-Band radar functioned
satisfactorily during this flight, although several ground stations experi-
enced some tracking problems.
The only problems reported during launch occurred at Cape Kennedy (CNV),
Merritt Island Launch Area (MILA), and Grand Turk Island (GTK). All three
stations lost track due to balance point shifts (erroneous pointing infor-
mation caused by a sudden vehicle antenna null or a distorted beacon
return). CNV and MILA went off track momentarily at I00 and 395 seconds,
respectively. GTK had dropouts due to balance point shifts at 241 seconds
(momentarily), from 535 to 538, from 555 to 570, from 572 to 580, from
594 to 599 and from 606 to 614 seconds. The highest elevation angle
encountered by GTK during this period was 3 degrees. MILA went off track
from 440 to 480 seconds due to interference from an electrical storm.
Bermuda (BDA) did not report any problems during launch.
19-6
BEGIN S-IVB RESTART PREPARATIONS
S-IVB SECOND IGNITION
GYM
TAN
CYI
VAN
BDA
ClF
I t
I i I i t I f
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400
RANGE TIME, SECONDS

ST7
I IY I I I I I I I I
00:00:00 00:10:00 00:20:00 00:30:00 00:40:00 00:50:00 01:00:00 01:10:00 01:20:00 01:30:00
MER
I CRO
I TAN
CYI
VAN
TEX
I I I I I I I I I
5400 6000 6600 7200 7800 8400 9000 9600 1O, 200 10,800
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I I , , i x_7 ,V,V ,
01:30:00 01:40:00 01:50:00 02:00:00 02:10:00 02:20:00 02:30:00 02:40:00 02:50:00 03:00:00
I TEX
I HAW
GYM
I I I I I I I t I I
7200 10,800 14,400 18,000 21,600 25,200
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
t I I I I I I I I I I
02:00:00 03:00:00 04:00:00 05:00:00 06:00:00 07:00:00
Figure 19-I. VHF Telemetry Coverage S ummary
19-7
Problems experienced during earth orbit included tracking on a sidelobe
by Vanguard (VAN) (revolution 2) and a phasing problem experienced by GTK
(revolution 2). This type phasing problem is experienced when a ground
station receives two closely spaced beacon returns; one generated as a
result of its own interrogation and one resulting from the interrogation
of the beacon by another ground station.
GTK lost track during translunar coast from 27,126 seconds (07:32:06) to
29,260 seconds (08:07:40) when attempting to phase away from the beacon
return pulse of another ground station. PAFB indicated final LOS at
42,912 seconds (11:55:12).
A summary of available C-Band radar coverage showing AOSand LOS for each
station is shown in Figure 19-2.
There is no mandatory tracking requirement of the CCS; however, the CCS

transponder has turnaround ranging capabilities and provided a backup to
the Commandand Service Module (CSM) transponder used for tracking in case
of failure or desire for a cross check. Since the same transponder is used
for all CCSfunctions, discussion of the tracking performance of this system
is included in the general discussion of the CCSRF evaluation.
19.4.3 CommandSystems RF Evaluation
19.4.3.1 SecL_re Ranqe Safety Command System. VHF telemetry measurements

received by the ground stations from the S-IC, S-II and S-IVB stages
indicated that the SRSCS RF subsystems functioned properly. CNV and BDA
were the command stations used for this flight. The carrier signal at
CNV was turned off at approximately 400 seconds. At BDA the carrier was
turned on at approximately 375 seconds and turned off at approximately
750 seconds. A momentary dropout occurred at approximately 120 seconds
when the command station switched transmitting antennas.
19.4.3.2 Command and Communications System. Available data indicated

satisfactory CCS performance during boost and parking orbit with minor
exceptions. Uplink and downlink dropouts occurred during S-IC/S-II
staging and at S-II second plane separation. Dropouts at these times are
expected. Performance during second burn and translunar injection was
nominal.
Signal fluctuations were noted at HAW, GBM, GDS, and GYM from about
II,I00 seconds (03:05:00) to II,340 seconds (03:09:00) when the CSM was
maneuvered to an inertial attitude. This inertial attitude was maintained
during CSM separation, docking and Lunar Module (LM) ejection.
HAW lost track during translunar coast from II,756 seconds (03:15:56) to
18,516 seconds (05:08:36) when the vehicle disappeared over the horizon.
19-8
PARKING ORBIT
TRANSLUNAR INSERTION
INJECTION
VAN FPS-I 6
BDA FPQ-6
BDA FPS-I 6
PAFB FPQ-6
MILA TPQ-18
CNV FPS-16 CRO FPQ-6
i i I I I I I I
600 1200 18OO 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400
RANGE _IME, SECONDS
I _ , I I I I I I I I
00:00:00 00:I0:00 00:20:00 00:30:00 00:40:00 00:50:00 01:00:00 01:I0:00 01:20:00 01:30:00
VAN FPS-16
BDA FPQ-6
PAFB FPQ-6
MILA TPQ-18 CRO FPQ-6
t , I I I , I I I I I
54OO 6000 6600 7200 7800 8400 9000 9600 10,200 10,800
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I I , , , V ,
01:30:00 01:40:00 01:50:00 02:00:00 02:10:00 02:20:00 02:30:00 02:40:00 02:50:00 03:00:00
HAW FPS-16
ASC TPQ-18
ANT FPQ-6
BDA FPQ-6
PAFB FPQ-6
I I t I I I I I [ I
7200 10,800 14,400 18,000 2_,600 25,200 28,800 32,400 36,000 39,600 43,200
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I ! ! I I i I t I
02:00:00 03:00:00 04:00:00 05:00:00 06:00:00 07:00:00 08:00:00 09:00:00 I0:00:00 11:00:00 12:00:00
Figure 19-2. C-Band Radar Coverage Summary
19-9
A ground commandwas transmitted at 17,466.6 seconds (04:51:06.6) to
initiate Time Base 8. The vehicle was placed in a slingshot attitude
and the LOX dump followed. These events produced signal strength
fluctuations from 17,470 seconds (04:51:10) to 19,060 seconds (05:17:40.)
at all stations tracking the CCS. The most severe fluctuations were
experienced at GBMand resulted in 25 dropouts during this time period.
These signal fluctuations were smooth and are believed to have been caused
by changing vehicle antenna gains as the look angles to the ground stations
varied with the changes in vehicle attitude (referenced to the ground
station).
A sharp drop in downlink CCSsignal was noted at HAW, GBM, GDSand GYMat
27,128 seconds (07:32:08). The onboard antenna system, which had been on
the low gain since 19,034 seconds (05:17:14) was switched to the high gain
mode at 27,368 seconds (07:36:08) to improve signal quality. Signal
strength picked up and was maintained at a high level until 30,264 seconds
(08:24:24) at which time the signal level again dropped. In an attempt
to improve signal quality the CCSRF was switched OFF/ONtwo times and the
CCSantennas were switched several times. However, signal level fluctuated
intermittently at low levels until LOS at 35,779 (09:56:19). Figure 19-3
shows the fluctuations in signal level experienced at the HAWsite. The
GDSwing station experienced similar fluctuations at corresponding times
as shown in Figure 19-4.
CCS RF OMNI
CCS RF OFF
HIGH GAIN 0 OMNI
CCS RF ON
i
-113
E
_Q
-123
-103 . .
-lS3
27,000
i,
28,000 29,000 30,000
Hyll .. ,
31,000 32,000 33,000 34,000 35,000 36,000
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I I I I
7:30:00 8:00:00 8:30:00 9:00:00 9:30:00 I0:00:00
Figure 19-3. CCS Signal Strength Fluctuations at Hawaii
19-I0
CCS RF OMNI
ON _LOW GAIN
HIGH GAIN
OFF _CCS RF OFF
OMNI
CCS RF ON
-I O0
-150
-160 __
27,000 28,000 29,000 30,000 31,000 32,000 33,000 34,000 35,000 36,000
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I I I I
7:30:00 8:00:00 8:30:00 9:00:00 9:30:00 I0:00:00
Figure 19-4. CCS Signal Strength Fluctuations at GDS Wing Station
The above indicates that the problem was present on low gain, high gain
and omni antenna; therefore, it is concluded that the drop in signal level
was caused by a malfunction of the CCS coaxial switch. On AS-505, a
similar problem in the CCS antenna system occurred only while transmitting
on the high gain or low gain antenna.
Test performed in IBM Report Number 69-223-0007 also concluded that the
CCS coaxial switch (the only electromechanical component which is common to
all CCS antennas) caused the failure. The general characteristics of the
CCS operation, as observed on AS-505 and AS-506, was duplicated by a simu-
lated leak in the hermetically sealed portion of the coaxial switch case.
In addition, engineering tests have demonstrated that the coaxial switch
will leak following vibration levels seen on AS-505 and AS-506.
19-11
Directional antenna tests did not duplicate the failure. Power amplifier
tests showed a leak in the power amplifier would cause a total failure;
this results in total loss of CCSdownlink with no possible recovery.
Prior to any observed deficiencies in the flight operation of the CCS,

incorporation of a new design coaxial switch was programed for AS-507
and subsequent vehicles. The new switch exhibits none of the general
deficiencies of the earlier components and has shown no susceptibility
to failure in simulated leak tests or at vibration levels in excess of the
AS-505 or AS-506 vibration levels.
A summary of CCScoverage showing AOS and LOS for each station is shown
in Figure 19-5.
19.5 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
In general, ground camera coverage was very good. Seventy-five items

were received from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and evaluated. One camera
jammed before acquiring requested data. Two cameras had bad tracking items,
one camera had its field of view misoriented and one camera had no run. As
a result of the 5 failures listed above, system efficiency was 94 percent.
All Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) cameras had erratic timing; therefore, all
timing data were interpolated. Personnel at KSC have traced the timing
problem to a loose connector at the base of the Launch Control Center (LCC).
19-12
m CYI
n VAN
BDA IN HSK GYM
MI LA CRO n GDS
WING STA.
I I I I I I I I I - I,
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I n_ 7 I I I I I i I I
00:00:00 00:10:00 00:20:00 00:30:00 00:40:00 00:50:00 01:00:00 01:I0:00 01:20:00 01:30:00
m _DS
m VAN
m BDA
m GBM
ml_ MILA
I i I I I I I I I
5400 6000 6600 7200 7800 8400 9000 9600 10,200 10,800
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I I I I I _7 i_ 7 _ I /
01:30:00 01:40:00 01:50:00 02:00:00 02:10:00 02:20:00 02:30:00 02:40:00 02:50:00 03:00:00

GYM
GDS WING STA.
GDS
n HAW , , HAW
II MER HAW TRACKED CSM CCS

II CRO
CYI
GBM
II_ MILA
I I I I I I I I I
7200 10,800 14,400 18,000 21,600 25,200 28,800 32,400 36,000 39,600
RANGE TIME, SECONDS
I I I I I I I I I I
02:00:00 03:00:00 04:00:00 05:00:00 06:00:00 07:00:00 08:00:00 09:00:00 10:00:00 II:00:00
Figure 19-5, ,CCS Coverage Summary
19-13/19-14
SECTION20
MASSCHARACTERISTICS
20.1 SUMMARY
Postflight analysis indicates that total vehicle mass was within 0.50
percent of the prediction from ground ignition through S-IVB stage final
shutdown. This very small deviation signifies that the initial pro-
pellant loads and propellant utilization throughout vehicle operation
were close to predicted.
20.2 MASSEVALUATION
Postflight mass characteristics are compared with the final predicted

mass characteristics (MSFCMemorandumS&E-ASTN-SAE-69-M-70) and the
final operational trajectory (MSFCMemorandumS&E-AERO-FMT-138-69).
The postflight mass characteristics were determined from an analysis of

all available actual and reconstructed data from S-IC stage ignition
through S-IVB stage second burn cutoff. Dry weights of the launch vehi-
cle were based on actual stage weighings and evaluation of the weight
and balance log books (MSFCForm 998). Propellant loading and utiliza-
tion was evaluated from propulsion system performance reconstructions.
Spacecraft data were obtained from the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC).
Deviations from predicted in dry weights of the inert stages and the
loaded spacecraft were all less than 0.75 percent which was well within
the 3-sigma deviation limit.
During S-IC powered flight, mass of the total vehicle was determined to
be 2906 kilograms (6407 Ibm) or 0.09 percent lower than predicted at
ignition, and 1366 kilograms (3011 Ibm) or 0.16 percent lower at S-IC/
S-II separation. These small deviations are attributed to less than
predicted S-IC propellant load, S-IC dry stage mass, and mass of the
upper staging. S-IC burn phase total vehicle mass is shown in Tables
20-I and 20-2.
During S-II burn phase, the total vehicle mass varied from 898 kilograms
(1981 Ibm) or 0.13 percent lower than predicted at start commandto 875
kilograms (1930 Ibm) or 0.42 percent higher than predicted at S-II/S-IVB
separation. Most of the initial deviation may be attributed to a less
than predicted S-II propellant loading, and the deviation at separation
20-I
was due mainly to higher than predicted S-II propellant residuals. Total
vehicle mass for the S-II burn phase is shown in Tables 20-3 and 20-4.
Total vehicle mass during both S-IVB burn phases, as shown in Tables 20-5
through 20-8, was within 0.45 percent of prediction. A deviation of 143
kilograms (317 Ibm) or 0.09 percent at first start command was due mainly
to a slight excess of S-IVB propellants. Lower than predicted propellant
residuals at end of first burn resulted in a 607 kilogram (1340 Ibm) or
0.44 percent deviation. Total vehicle mass at spacecraft separation was
832 kilograms (1834 Ibm) or 4.62 percent less than predicted.
A summary of mass utilization and loss, actual and predicted, from S-IC
stage ignition through completion of S-IVB second burn is presented in
Table 20-9. A comparison of actual and predicted mass, center of gravity,
and moment of inertia is shown in Table 20-10.
20-2
Table 20-I. Total Vehicle Mass - S-IC Burn Phase - Kilograms
RRBUNn IGNITION HOLDr)OWN CENTFR OUTBOARD _-IC/S-I I

EVENTS ARM RELFASE ENGINE CUTOFF ENGINE CUTOFF SEPARATION
PRE_ AC [ PRED ACT PRFn AC T PRFn ACT PREO ACT
RANGE TI ME--_E C -8 ,. q, 0 -6o40 .30 °30 135.28 135.20 161,.08 161.63 161.,80 162.30
S-IC _TAGE DRY 130975. 130522. 130975. 130522. I _0975. 130522. 130975. 130522. 130975. 130522.
LOX IN TANK 1579518. 1578371. 1558229. 1558728o 190236. 195782. 1399. 1280,, 931. 935.
LOX BELOW TANK 2]000. 21108. 21737. 2 1868. 21720. 21851. 18778. 18761 . 14883. 14717.
LOX ULLAGE GAS 187. 169. 207. 235. 2587. 28{19. 31160. 3611. 3088. 3616.
RPI IN TANK ¢52551. 642018. 632357. 631857. 91469. cl 3r) 78. 8396. 8008. 7305. 8759.
RP! BELOW TANK 5313. 4301. 5996,, 5983. 5596. 5983. 5958. 5958. 5958. 5956.
RPl ULLAGE GAS X5. 73. 35. 76. 21 1. 226. 250. 259. 241. 250,,
N2 PURGE GAS X6. 36. 36. 38. 20. 70. 20. 20. 20. 20.
HELIUM IN BOTTLE 289. 289. 289. 28&. 113. 13G. 83. 112. 83. 112.
FROST 6 X5. 835. 635. 635. 35 O. 3 _O. 3_ O. :3 40. 34 O. 350.

RETROMOTOR PROP 1027. 1027. ID27. 1027. 1027. 1027. Z027. 1027. 1027. 1027.
r%)
C) OTHER 2 ]q. 239. 239. 2_q. 239. '2 39. 235. 2 39. 239. 2 39.
I
r.o
TOTAL S-IC STAGE 2280695. 2278688. 2251801. 22X9381. 445932. 450512, 16851_. 168015. 165857. 16_381.
TOTAL S-ICIS-II IS 5200. 5208. 5200. 5206. 5200. 5206. 5?00. 5208. 5166. 5173.
TOTAL S-II STAGE 481"003. 47998q. 481003. 575964. qR07q_5. 4797(16. 480755. 47971]6. 480745. 479708.
TOT S-II/S-IVB IS 3665. 3883. 3665. 3663. 3665. 3863. 3665. 3663. 3665. 3863.
TOTAL S-IVR STAGE 118911. 119119. 118911. 119119. 118820. 1191129. 118820. 119029. 118820. 119029.
TOTAL INSTRU UNIT I953. 1939. 1953. 1939. 1953. 1539. 1953. 1939. 1953. 1939.
TOTAL SPACECRAFT 45754. _9735. 49794. _9735. 49794. q 9735. 597911. 49735. 49795. 597 35.
TOTAL UPPER STAGE 660526. 859826. 660526. 859826. 860177. 655277. 660177. 659277. 68015, q- 659245.
TOTAL VEHICLE 2941221. 2938315. 2902328. 2899008. 11115110. 1110189. 828692. R27292. 824991. 823625.
"£8LSIBI "h6L818! "_98£Z8! "h569_8[ °LhbLtphZ "0S£9_1_Z °t/lZl6£9 °LES8619 "SLBLLW9 "_uZhSh9 3]:JIH]A ]VIOl
"bg£_SI;| "69[SSh[ "LShESh[ "ZIIb_Shl "LSh[SII[ °ZhtIS_h[ "LZ_hShI "_[zgshI °LZ._hShI "ZIZgStI| 35¥1.% _3ddN 1¥101
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"5hbZt "9ZEZ£ "I569£ °D669£ "hLIBb "hBt_Lh "[IZSb "[Z6Lh "gisgh "96Z9b XNVl R0]38 XOl
"650Z "ISOZ "[ZBZ *I_8U_ *O£tzSZh *86[6[h *98h681£ "86LZ6IE "OSZ6SZE "85519ZE WN¥1 NI XOl
"IESLBZ "DSLBSZ " [_.5LSZ "05LBBZ °[E618Z °OSLBBZ "[15LBZ , "05LBSE "[ESLBZ "USLB8_ _.l:IU _]gvI_ ]I-S
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1 ,.IV 0:I _d 13V 03_ld 13V 03 _lcl 13V 03 _d I JV 03_Id
NOIIV_VdqS _OIN3 3NI_JN] _011_3 ]NIgN3 35V_]3_ H_V 51N3^3

I I-_131-S O_ VO BlllO _31N33 NMOOUIOH NOIIINgI UNRQ_5
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Table 20-3. Total Vehicle Mass - S-II Burn Phase - Kilograms
S-IC IGNITION S-I I S-II S-II S-I I/R-IV_

EVENTS IGNITION MAT NSTAGE ENGINE CUTOFF SEPARATION
PRED ACT PRED ACT PRFD ACT PRED ACT PRED AC T
RANGE TI ME--SEC -6.qD -G. (I0 ]63.54 ]Gq.OD IG5.50 I66.20 551.72 548.22 552. qO 549.00
S-IC/S-II IS SMALL BIq. 614.

S-IC/S-II IS LARGF 39&9. 39R2. 3969. 398?° 3969. 3982.
S-IC/S-II IS PROP 617. BID. 3]3. 309. 0. 0.
TOTAL S-IC/S-II IS 5200. S2O&. 4281. 4291. 39S9. 3982.
o S-TI STAGE DRY 36250. 36158. 3625n. 36158. 3625D. XGlS8. 3625n. 38158. 36250. _lSR.
!
o'I LOX IN TANK 371_72. 370778. 371672. X7{]77R. 371221]. 370325. 657. 816. Sqq. 730.
LOX BELOW TANK 7_7. 737. 737. 737. 800, 8110. 787. 787. 787. 787.
LOX ULLAGE GAS 188. 1R8. IRR. 18R. 190. 191. 2"_37. 2335. 23{10. 2335.
LH? IN TANK 71668. 71615. 71660. 71608. 71449. 71396. I966. 2572. 1916. 2531.
LH? BELOW TANK I05. I05. 112. liP. 128. 128. 123. 123. 123. 123.
LH? ULLAGE GAS 77. 77. 77. 77, 77. 78. 704. 715. 7oq. 735.
INSULATION PURGE 54. sq.
FROST 70li. 2114.
START TANK GAS 14. ]4. ]q. ]q. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
OTHER 34. 34. 34. 34. 3 q. 34. "_q. 34 . 3 4. 34 .
TOTAL S-II STAGE 4A]0113. 479964. 480745. 4797flG. 4R0]51. 4791 12. 428&2o 43564. _2702. 4343&.
TOT S-II/S-IVB IS ]665. 3663. 3665. 366.X. 3R65. 3_63. 3565. 3663. 3465. 3&63.
TOTAL S-IVB STAGE llBgll, llqllg, llBB20. 119029. 118820. llqr179. 118820. 119029. 118818. 119026.
TOTAL INSTRU UNIT I951. 1939. 1953. 1939. 1953. 1939. 1953. 1439. 1953. 1939.
TOTAL SPACECRAFT 497_q. 49735. 49794. 49735. 4979 4. 49735. 4574 3o _15693 . 4574 3. W5693.
TOTAL UPPER STAGE ]74324. |74456. 174233. 174365. ]74233. 174365. 170182. 170324. 170180. 170322.
TOTAL VEHICLE 660526. 659626. 659259. 658363. 658 _53. G57fi 59. 7 tXO_q. 2l 3888. 212882. Z| 3757.
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"_LZ "ZBZ "ZBZ "8hZ "Bh_ "[k_ "I£Z HNVl M0339 ZHI c_
"6LSS "hZZh " [LgS "S[[h "_O_LS| "BISLS[ "BgBLS[ "_86Lb[ "S_BLS[ "O00@_[ WNVi NI _H1
"LhI5 "851S "Lh|S "SIt "Sit "SIh SV9 39Vllfl XOl
"9ELI "9£LI "9£L[ "9_L[ "hSL| "hgL [ "S_91 "S_g[ "szg[ "S_9[ HNVl RO'l_B XO]
"609! "66!I °OOBI "Bbh[ "gZh9 [8 "[OhBI_ "SEhLIB "L6_E6Id "SZhLI8 "Lb(bItJ )_NVI NI XO]
"hIi6L "_166L 'hIL6L "8166L "h|L6L "B[b6L "hIL6L "8166L "hIL6L "8166L ABQ 39V15 II-S
"6LL8 "OSL t_ "[9h6 "6£h6 "Lih|I "k9hl[ _I II-S131-S 1VlOl
"0 "O "_B9 "6_9 "SHE[ "OgE[ dO_d $I II-SIDI-S

"6LL8 "3SLB "bLLt_ "OSL_ "bLL8 "OSLIJ d5_¥l Sl II-5131-5
"£S£I "i_([ llVWS Sl II-SI31-S
O0"6hS O_'ZSS ZZ'Bh_ ZL" [55 UZ'99[ 0S°$91 OU'h9_ _5"_91 oh'g- oh'g- 3 3S--3W II 39NV_
i 31/ 03 _ld 13V U3dd J 3V U_,_d i 3V 03_d IDV O3_d
NOI l¥_JVd:15 ..4.,-IOilIL) 3NIDN3 35VlSNIVW NOI/ [Nfll 51N3^3

BAI-_¢I I-._ II-5 II-5 II-5 NOIIINgl 31-5
ss_H spunod - as_qd uanEl II-S - ss_IAl aLD.LqaA L_Ol "17-0_ aLq_l
Table 20-5. Total Vehicle Mass - S-IVB First Burn Phase - Kilograms
S-IC IGNITION S-IVB S-IVB S-IVB 5-IVB

EVENTS IGNITION MAINSTAGE ENGINE CUTOFF END DECAY
PREO ACT PRED ACT PRED AC T PRF(] ACT PRED ACT
RANGE TI MF--SE C -6.qO -6.40 555.,78 552.7n 55A. 2D 554.7n 699o49 699.34 699.,68 699.54
___
S-IVB STAGE DRY 11340. 11273,. 11317. 1125(1. II317. II?5D. 11255. II189. 11255,, 11189.
LOX IN TANK 86q34. 87149. 86934. 87149. 8R773. 86993,, 61359. 61120. 61327. 61052.
o
LOX BELOW TANK IGG. 166. IGG. l&&. 180. 180,, 180. 180. 180., 180.
I
LOX ULLAGE GAS 17. 16. 17. IG. 22., 17. 105,, 67. lOS. _7.
LH2 IN TANK 19709. 19758. 197(15. 13731. 19644. 19708. 14530° 14]69° 14516. 14]56.
LH? BELOW TANK 27,, 22. 26. 26. 26. 26. 26. 2E. 26. 26.
LH2 ULLAGE GAS 2n. 19,, 20,, 19. 20., 20. 65. 52. E6. 52.
ULLAGE MOTOR PROP 54. 5_. IO. In. I. I. I. 1. I. 1.
APS PROPELLANT 28_. 298. 2RG. 29R. 286o 298. _R5° 297,, 285° 297.
HELIUM IN BOTTLES 20_1. 200. 20D. 200. 199. 200° ITR° 176. 178,. 17E.
START TANK GAK 2. 2. _. 2° {_. D. _° 3. 3. 3.
FROST ] __G. 13&. 45. 45. 45,, 45. 45,, 45. 45. 45.
OTHER 25. 25. 25. 25. 25. 25. 75. 25. 25. 25.
TOTAL S-IVR SIAGF 118911. llqllq. 118754. 118939. llRSq4. I187G4. 88058° 87550. _8{)13° 87469.
TOTAL INSTRtJ UNIT 1953. 1939. 1953. 193'q. 1953. lq]9. 195_. 1939. 195_° 19]9.
TOTAL SPACECRAFT 45743. 45693. 45743. qs&q3. 45743° 45693° 45743. 45693,, NS7q]. 45693.,
TOTAL UPPER STAGE 49697. 47&32. 47_97. 47&32. 47697. 47_32. 47697. 47632° 476970 _7632.
z,--
TOTAL VEHICLE lG&EnB. 166751,, 1REqSt]. 166571. ]AEPqD. 16_X96. 135755., I._51 82. l ]5709° 13_102.
Table 20-6. Total Vehicle Mass - S-IVB First Burn Phase - Pounds Mass
%-It. IGNITION S-IVR S -°[VR S-IVR S-IVR

FVENTS IGNI [ION MA [NqT AGE FNGINE CUTOFF END DECAY
pRErl AC T PP ED AC T PR FI_ AC T PRFD AC T PRED AC T
RANGE TI ME--SEC -6.40 -Go =40 555.70 552.211 SSR. 20 554o7n 699,.49 &99.34 649.68 699.54
S-IVB STAGE DRY 2500II. 2=4852. 24944. 24801. 24949. 24801. 24_14., 24667,, 24814. 24667.
LOX IN TANK Iq1656. 192130. IqIG5R. 197130. ]91.X02. 191767. 135773. 134747. 135203. 134597.
LOX' BELOW TANK 367. 367. 367° 367. 397. 347. x97. 397. 397. 397,,
LOX ULLAGE GAS T_R. 36. 36. 36. 49° 38° 231,, 147,. 232,,. 147°
LH? IN TANK 43452. 435G0. 434w2. 43499. 43X18. 43449. 370X3. 31678. 32002- 31649.
LH2 BELOW TANK _R. 48. 5B. 5R. 54. 58,, .58. 58. 58,, 56.
LH9 ULLAGE GAS qX° 41. 43. 42. 44. 44. 144. llq. 145° 115.
ULLAGE MOTOR PROP 116. liB. 27. 22. 0. O° tl. O° O. O.
APS PROPELLANT G30. 65R. 630. 65R. _30. 65_. R2B. 655. G28. 655.
HELIUM IN BOTTLES _ql. 442. 441. 442° 4_9. qql. xgx. XBq. 392. 389.
START TANK GA_ 5° 5. 5° 5,, 1. 1. 7. 7. 7° 7.
r_
c) FROST 306. 300. 100. 1DO. 100. TriO. 1011. 100. 100. 100.
I
OTHE R 56. 56. 56. 56 . 5 6. 56. 5 G. 56. 5 6. 56 .
Co
TOTAL S-IVR STAGE 262154. 262613. 7618n7° 267216. ?G1344. 761830. 194135. 1911015. 194r135° 192837.
TOTAL INSTRU UNIT 4306. 4275. 4306. 4275. 4306. 4275° 4306,, 4275. 4306° 4275.
TOTAL SPACECRAFT I008_7. 100736° 100847° 100736. I Q0847. IOQ736o I00_47. I00736. I00847. 100736.
.,,2----
TOTAL UPPER STAGF I05153. I05011. 105153. IOSOll° 1II5153. I05011. I_fi153° IO_OIIo 105153. lOSOll.
TOTAL VEHICLE 367307. 367624° 366960. 3672P7. 3_6497. 366641. 299288. 298026° 299188. 797848.
Table 20-7. Total Vehicle Mass - S-IVB Second Burn Phase - Kilograms
SPACECRAFT
S-IVP S-TVB S-I VR _-IV9
SEPARATION
EVENTS IGNITION MAINSTAGF ENGINE CUTOFF END DECAY
PRED ACT PRED ACT PRED ACT PREO ACT PRED ACT
RANGE TIME--SEC 985S.S0 985G.20 9858.00 9858.70 10704.0G 10203.07 10204°27 I0203.27 15004.40 15_73o00
S-IVB STAGE DRY 11255. 11189. 11255. II189. 11255. I1189. 11755. 11189. 11255. 11189.
LOX IN TANK Gl2qO. 60985. gi074. G0857. 2191., 2.X08. 21GO° 2247° 2160. 2224.
0 LOX BELOW TANK IgG. IGG. 180. 180. 180° 180. 180. 180,, 1G6. IG6.
I
',.o LOX ULLAGE GAS 170. 12G. 174. 128. 280. ?I!5° 280. 20_. 280. 124.
LH? IN TANK 13257. 13275. 13192,, 13224. 900. 944. 886,, 932. 886. 391°
LH2 BELOW TANK 26° 2G. 2G. 2G° 26° ?G,. 2G. 26. 22. 22,,
LH? ULLAGE GAS lqg. IG?. IBT. 170. 331. 2RG. 331. 28G° 331. 15&.
ULLAGE MOTOR PROP O. O. n. O. O. O. O. O. O. O.
APS PROPELLANT 1R1;. 24G. 183. 246. 179. :_37° 179° 237. 144. 722.
HELIUM IN BOTTLES I_5. IGO. 1W5. 159. 83. 1.98. 83. 108,, 8_X. 17.
START TANK GAS 2. 2. O. O. 3. 3. 3. _. 3. O.
FROST 4_ . 45. 45. 45 . 45. _5 . 4 5. 45. 4 5. 45.
OTHER 25. 25. 2_. 25. 25. 25,, 25. 25 . 2 5. 25.
TOTAL S-IVR %TAG_ 89711. 8G419° 86_97. 8G251. 15500° 15557° 15454° 15983. 15401. 14583.
TOTAL INSTRU UNIT 1953. 1939. 1953,, 1939. 1953,. I939° 1953,. 1939° 1953. 1939.
TOTAL SPACECRAFT 457W3. 45G93° W5743. 45693. 4574 3. 4_93. 45743. 4S693. 626. G2g°
.... ,r
TOTAL uPPER STAGE 47_a7° 971=::;32. 47G97. _7632. 47G97. 47G32° _7697. 47G32. 2579. 25G5.
TOTAL VEHICLE 134_f_8. 1 3qo_G. 134194. 133883° 63 1,9 6. £3189,, G3151. 6._11G. 17980. 171q8°
i
I
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"ssgs "9Y95 "IIOSOI "_SISDI "IlOSOI "ESISU[ "IlOSOI "ISISOI "IIOSOI "£SISOI 35V15 B3dciN 7VlOl
"OBZI "08El " 9ELDDI "LOBOOI "9£L00I "L_BOOI "9ELODI "L_8OO[ "9ELDO[ "L_BOOI 13VB333Vd5 lVlOI
"SLZ_ "90£t "SLZ_ "90_ "SL_ "9OE_ "SLZt "9UE_ "5LZt "9OE_ IINN N_ISNI 7VlOl
"OSIZ£ "ES6££ "5£ItZ "OLOhk "86ZhE "ILIhk "OSIOGI "EGgObl "OISOSI "$91161 3_JVlS _^I-S lIlOl
0
"95 "9S "95 "5S "9, "9S "95 "5S "95 "9S _3HIO
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"OO! "OO[ " 00 I "301 "OJ I "DO[ "UOI "OOI "OOI "OOl IS0_3
c:)
"0 "L "L "L "L "L "[ "[ "S "S SV9 _NVl I_VIS od
"BE "ZB[ "LEZ "ZBI "LE_ "ZBI "OSt "6IE "ESE "G[E 531110_ NI WNII3H
"OGh "8 IE "ZZS "5GE "_S "5Gk "_S "£O_ "ZhS "£0_ INVll3dO_d 5dV
"0 "0 "O "D "O "0 "0 "U "0 "O dO_d _010W 39VllN
"5b£ "6_L "[E9 "6ZL "[_9 "6_l "S/E "_Et "BgE "EEb SV9 39VlIN _HI
"8b "8b "BS "85 "85 "BS "85 "8S "8S "_S _NVl M0138 _HI
"£9B "_SBI "bSU_ "_S61 "[_UZ "S8_I "SSI6Z "_8DGZ "99ZBZ "9_g6Z _NVl NI _HI
"blZ "LI9 "ESt_ "L[5 "£5t_ "L I9 "£B_ "EBE "8L_ "t_LE SV9 39VllN XO7
"L9£ "LgE "LGE "L6E "L6E "LGE "L6£ "LBE "L9£ "L9£ XNVl fl0338 X03
"_DGb "_gLt "ESGb "ZgLb "6805 °IEB_ "99[t£[ "S_9_EI "DS_t£I "OIOSEI _NVl NI XO]
"L99bZ "bIBbZ "L99tZ "b[B_ "L99bZ "_I8_ "L99_Z "_[8_ "L99tZ "_I_t_ _0 39V15 OAI-S
UO'£_SI O_'tO_JSI L_'EO_UI L_'bOZOI LO'LD_DI 9D'tO_O[ 0L'8586 OD'BSB_ D_'QSB6 OS"SSB6 33S--3WII 39NVB
1 3'# 03_Id i 3V 03_d I 3V {J3_d I 3¥ 03_d IDV U3_ld
NOIIVBVd3S AV330 (IN3 _301113 3NIgN3 35VISNIVW NOIIINOI SIN3A3

13V_333VdS 8^1-5 8A I-S 8AI-5 _AI-S
sseH spunod - aseqd uan8 puooas 8AI-S - sseH ato£qaA te_Ol "8-0_ atqel
• • • " • i¸!iiii_: • _
Table 20-9, Flight Sequence Mass Summary
PPE D] CTFD AC TU AL
MASS HISTORY KG LBM KG LBM
S-IC STAGE, TOTAL 2280695° 5n? 8071. 2278688. 50236q8°

S-ICI_-II INTFRSTAGE,TO_AL 5;_00. I 1qG3. 5706. ] 1q77.
S-II STAGE, TOTAL q81003° 10__0q31. q799G_W° | 058]qO.
S-II/_TIVB INTERSTAGE 3665° 8DRI. 3663. 8076°
S-IVB STAGEr TOTAL 118911. 26215q. 11911q. 262613.
INSTRUMENT UNIT 1q53° q3OGo 193q. q275.
SPACECRAFI INCLUDING LFS q979q. 109777. q9735, lfl 9F_q6°
IST FLT STG AT IGN 279q 127. 1 ° 6qBq2782. 2938315. 6q77875.

S-IC THRUST BUILDUP -38893. -857q5. --3q307. --866_7.
IST FLT GIG HOLDDWN ARM REL 7gr12328° 63985x7. 2899008 ° 63912718.
S-IC FROST -295 . -KSO . --295 . -650.
S-IC MAINSTAGE PPOPFLL_A, NT -2071872. -_567_97. -2069957° --qS63qTqw
_-IC N2 PURGF - 17. -37. -17. -37.
S-IC INBD ENGINE T.D. PROP -q 17. -27r122 ° --q08 ° -20n3.
_-IC INB_ ENG EXPENDED _ROP -I 85. -qll8. -190. --418.
S-II INSULATION PURGE 6A_ -Sq. -1 20. -54. -1 _0 °
S-II FROST -204. -_50. -204. -qSO.
S-IVR FROST -91 . -2nO. -91. -200.
1ST FLT STAGF AT S-IC OE£OS 828697° 1826954. 8_7292. 1823R66-
S-IC OTB_ ENGINE T-n- PROP -3668. -8fl87. -363q. -8011.

S--ICIS-II ULLAGE RKT PROP -33. -73. -3T_. -73.
1ST FLT STAGE AT _IC/SII SFP 82q991° ]8197qq. 823625° 1815783.

S-IC STAGE AT SEPARATION -16qRq7° -363q26. _-16q381. -3623qq.
S-ICIS-II INTFRSTAGF SMRLL -61q° -1353. -61_. -1X53°
_-ICPS-II ULLAGE RKT PR_P -83. -lBq. -8_. -184.
?ND FLT STAGE AT S--TI SSC GSSqq7. 1qSX8 _X2° 6585q7. lq518q7°
S-II FUEL LEAn ]. 3° 3. 3.

S-ICIS-II ULLAGE RKT PROP -188° -qlq. --18q. -qO6.
ZND FLT STAGE AT S-II TEN 659750. lqS"Sq 18. 658363. lqSlqql°
S-IT T.R. PROPFLLANT -582. '- 128_. -587° -l?Bq°

S-IT START TANK -11 . -_5. -11 . -25.
S--Ic£S-II ULLAGE RKT PROP -313. -689, --309. -6827.
G58353° l'¢51q2O° 657q_9° 1qqgq50.

2NO FLT STAGF AT MATNSTAEE
S-II MAINSTAGE + VENTING -q37232. --gO 3q 32. -q_X. %q 9q ° -960110.
-q051. -89 _0. -qOq2. -89| O°
LAUNCH ESCAPE SYSTEM
S-ICIS-II INT_RSTAGE LA_GF -3g69. --R750. -3982° -8779.
S-II T.Do PROPELLANT -57° -176° -qg° -|09°
?130qq. qf;qGR2 . 21 ._8 BR ° q715q?.

2No FLT STAGF AT S-IT C.O.S.
S-II T.D. PROPELLANT -160. -353° -128. -783 •
S-IVn ULLAGE PROPELLANX -2. -5 ° -?. -5.
27ND FLT STG AT SII/SIV_ SFP 212R82. _Gq32q. 213757. q71?Sq.

K-II STAGE AT SEPARATION --q27[1?° -9q] ql ° -q3q 36. -95759°
S-III%-IVB INTERSTAGE-D_Y -3185 ° -TD 21 . -31 80. -70 10 o

-4 81 . i- 10 GO. -q 8q. -1066.
S-IIIS-IVR IS PROP
S-IvB AFT FRAME -22 ° -'qB. -227. -q8.
S-IvB ULLAGE PROPELLANT -1. -3. --1 ° -3.
S-IvR DET PACKAGE -1 . -3. -I . -3.
2O-ll
Table 20-9. Flight Sequence Mass Summary (Continued)
PRE D1 CTEf_ AC TU AL
MASS HI%TO_Y K G LRM KG LBM
3RD FLT STG AT IST SSC lGG490. 3G7OqR. lGGG34. 367365.

S-IVR ULLAGE PROPVLLAN? -qo. -R8. -qO. -88,,
S-IvR FUEL LEAD LOSS -O. --O. -23. -50.
3RD FLT STG AT ]ST STVB IGN 1F, 6q 50. 366960. 16_;571. 367227,
S-IVB ULLAGE PROPFLLANT - IO. - 22. - IN. -22.
_-IvR START TANK -2. -4. --2. -_.
S-IV_ T-B- PROPELLANT -lqB. -437. -IF,3. -3_0°
3RD FLT STG AT MAINSTAGE 1F,_240. 36G_q7. IGF,39G . 3GGBql°

S-IVB ULLAGE ROCKET CASGS -G1. -! $5. -6! . -13q.
S-IVq MAINSTAGE PROP -30424. -G7D73. -31152. -G8G78.
%-IvB APS PROPELLANT -I . -_2. --I . -3.
3GO FLT STG AT ]ST SIVR COS 135755. 29928R. 135182° 298076.
S-IVR I.D. PROPELLANT -i15. -49. -8I ° -]78°
3RD FLT GIG AT END ]ST ID 13570q° 2991RB. 135102. 2978_8.

S-IVR ENG PqOP EXPENDFO -18. -40. -IR. --_O.
S-IvR FUEL TANK LOSS -1 l 51 ° -25XR. --972. --2143.
S-IVB LOX TANK LOSS -2D. '--4q. --4. --8.
S--IvR APS PROPELLANT -I If2. -225. -51 . -I 13.
S-TVR START TANK -1. -_2. -1. -2.
S-IVR 021H2 BURNER -7 ° - IG . -7. -IS .
3RD FLT STG AT 2NO SSC 13q41D. 296323. 134048. 295._ 26 .

S-IVB FUEL LEAD LOSS -2. -5° --2. -5.
3RD FLT STG AT 2NO SIVR IGN 13qq08° 296318. 1340_G. 295!;21 °
S-IVB START TANK -2 . -4 . -2 . -4 .
%-IVR T.B. PROPELLANT -2 12. -q _,8 . -- 1Gl . -3SG.
3RD FLT STG AT MAINSTAGE 134194. 2'9_5846° 133883. 295151.

S-IV_ MAINKTAGE PROP -7099q.. - l'r_G514. -706 8q. -155832,,
S-IvR APS PROPELLANT -q. -8. --q. -20.
3RD FLT STG AT ?Nn STVB COS 63196. 139324° G31Bq. 1393(19o
S-IVB T.n. PROPELLANT -45 . -I r'IO ° -74 . -I G3,,,
3RD FLT GIG AT END 2NO IO 63151° 17;9223. 63116.. 139146°

JETTISON SLA -liDS. -2570. -liDS. -2571.
COMMAND SERVICE MODULE -28639° --63679. --28806° --63507°
S-IVB STAGF LOSS -53. -I 17. -559. -1232.
START OF TRANSIDOCKTNG 33093. 72457. 32584. 71836.

COMMAND SERVICE MODULE 28839. '6 3579° 28806. 63507.
S--IVR STAGE LOSS O. O. -O. -1.
END OF TRANSIDOCKING 61932° 136_36. 61390. 135342.

COMMAND SERVICE MODULF -28839. -63579 . -2 8806 . -63507.
LUNAR MODULE -ISll3. -33318. -1SD95. -33278°
S--IVR STAGF LOSS O. O. -341 . -752.
LAUNCH VEH AT S/C SEPARATION 17980. 39GXq. 17148. 37R05°

SPACECRAFT NOT SEPARATED --G2G. -1380. -62G. -1380.
INSTRUMENT UNIT -I 953 ° - 4306 . -1939 ° --4275 .
S-IVB STAGr AT SEPARATION -IS4Ol. -33953. -14583. -32150.
20-12
Table 20-10. Mass Characteristics Comparison
MASS LONGITUDINAL RADIAL ROLL MOMENT PITCH MOMENT YAW MOMENT

C.G. (X STA.! C.G. OF INERTIA OF INERTIA OF INERTIA
EVENT
KILO 0/0 METERS METERS K G--M2 0/0 KG-M2 OlO KG--M2 0/0
POUNDS DEV. INCHES DELTA INCHES DELTA XlO-G DEV. X10-6 DEV. XlO-6 DEV.
1 30q75. 9.3G8 .f15 80

PRFD 288750. 3G8.8 2.2897 2.602 IG.6q8 1G.566
S-IC STAGE DRY
130422. 9.'368 .ODD °0580 • DO 00
AcTUAl[ 287531. -.92 368.8 .OO 2.2897 .OOO0 2.591 ".92 lfi.5 TR --.92 lG.qgfi -.q2
5262° 91.623 °T5qG

PRFD 11600. ] 638°7 6.08 77 .139 .D 81 .081
S-ICIS-II INTER- --_-
STAGE. TOTAL 5255. q 1°&26 °003 °1563 .0017
ACTUAE I1585. -.12 1638.8 .]O G.1555 .0678 .134 -.12 .080 -,.12 .081 -,,12
3625 I° 98. II 5 . 18 75
PRED 799I 8. 1894.3 7. 3829 .GOD 2.0 27 2.038
S-II STAGE. DRY
I'D 36158. q8.DGq -.051 .1875 .OOO0
0
I ACTUAU 79719. -°25 1892.] -2.00 7°3829 °DO00 .597 -.50 1.997 -1°97 2,.,009 -l.qO
C_
3GGG. 65-8G0 .0573
PRED 8081. 2592°9 2.2561 o065 .093 .Oq_
S-IIIS-IVB INTER-
STAGE.TOTAL 3650. 65o936 .076 .0598 o_025
ACTUAU 8095° -.qq 25_5.9 3.00 2.3537 .0976 .065 -.94 .Oq3 -._q .Oqq -.q_
I13_0. 72.560 .?199

PRFO 25000. 2856.7 8.6377 .082 °298 .298
S-IVB STAGE.DRY
11273° 72°560 .OOO o2194 oDD00
ACTUAU 29852. -.59 2856.7 .DO 8._377 °ODD0 .081 -.59 .296 --.59 .296 -°59
1959. 82.915 .3576

PRED 306. 32eq .7 I q.fiR 1!1 .0 19 .'0 lO . 009
VEHICLE INSTRUMENT-
UNIT lqqO. 82°_15 .ODD .3570 -.0007
ACTUAL _275. -.71 3299°7 °O01q. I1595 -. 0256 .019 -.71 .lOlO -.71 °009 -.71
q8731. 91.653 .1085

PREO 107q33. 3GOS.W q.2720 .ngO 1.552 1.555
SPACECRAFT, TOTAL
9862&. 91o&58 .DOS .1099 °_Olq
ACTUAU 107200. -.21 3608.6 .20 q°3267 .05q7 .088 -1.70 1.5q9 -.21 l._O -.30
L8 ° 9_6° _ L8 ° Z£6°ht £_'- [L8" OOIO'- _OSI'Z L£'£ - 8"5bLZ Otl" "StIS IL_ NVN13V
£001)'- 9hSO" 580 °- _IU'IL "068£IZ 3VN9IS 3JOLR3 IV
39¥15 IH9I]_ ON_
0_5. t_b gt;S=tb SLS" Zn 91 °Z Z "66LZ "Z8969_ 03Od
6tl SO" 66D" [L
SO'- TOb'S£[ SO'- L8£'$£I S£'- _L6" ZOO0 °- TO£L ° Z£" 5"66(_ E['- "£ Sb6_[ "lV flI3¥
OOOO'- SB IO ° 800" L98"55 "IghLS9 ]flVlSNIVW iV
39VLS iHgII_ ONZ
SLY, 5£ ! _.gb" S[ I LL6 ° £0£L ° "OZbISt| Q:l_d
$8 IO ° "tS£8S9
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Table 20-10. Mass Characteristics Comparison (Continued)
MASS LONGITUDINAL RADIAL ROLL MOMENT PITCH NOMENT TAW MOMENT

CoG. (X STA.! C.G. OF INERTIA OF INERTIA OF INERTIA
EVENT -- -- --
KILO 0/0 METERS METERS KG--M2 010 KG-M2 OlD KG-M2 -010
POUNDS DEV. INCHES DELTA INCHES DELTA X10-6 OEV. XI0-6 DEV. X10--8 DEV.
I 34908. 78.053 ._4GG

PRED 29G319. 3073.0 1.8350 .195 I2.608 I2.G08
3R0 FLIGHT STAGE
AT 2ND IGNITION 1_047. 78.057 .004 .r1_74 °0007
ACTUAU 295521. -.2G 3073.1 .IG Io8E43 .029X .19G .41 12.591 -.13 12.590 -.14
13e194. 78.060 .0466

PRFD 295846. 3073.2 1.8350 .195 12.'G03 12.603
3RD FLIGHT STAGE
AT 2ND MAINSTAGE 133883. 78.062 .002 o0479 .00f17
ACTUAb 2951G1. -.23 3073.3 .08 1.8E43 .029_ .19G .41 12.587 -.17 12.587 -.13
63 197. 85.770 .0975

3RD FLIGHT STAGE PRFD 1 39324. 3376.8 3.8399 .195 5 .,272 5.272
AT 2ND CUTOFF
0 SIGNAL 63190. 85.712 -.058 .119 89 .I10 14
I ACTUAU 139309. -.01 3374.5 -2.2_1 3.8948 .0559 .195 .¢15 5.329 I.08 5.327 l.OG
6315 1. 85.78] .0975

3RD FLIGHT STAGE PRFO I 39223. 3377.2 3.8394 .195 5,,261 5.260
AT 2ND END THRUST
OECAY 63116. 85.731 -.OSO .0989 .ODlq
ACTUAU 13914G. --.05 3375.2 -1.98 3.8998 .0554 .195 .95 5.309 .93 5.308 .91
33093. 78.781 .0825

PRFD 72957. 3 I0 I.G 3.2468 • 1 39 1.687 1=G84
CSM SEPARATED
32585. 78.799 .017 .0792 -',,,0033
ACTUAL 7183G. -1.53 3102.3 .G8 3. I1Gq -.13C4 .139 1.68G -.01 1.G82 -.10
61932. 85.218 . I292

PRFD 1 36536. 3355.1 5.0850 4.:719 4.715
Cq;M DOCKEn
61391. 85.267 .099 .I277 --. O0 14
ACTUAU 135342. -,,.87 335,7.0 1.92 5.0293 -.Q557 .18G .30 4.691 -o59 4.G8£ -.El
17980. 73.615 .1517

PRED 39639. 2898.2 5.9718 .109 .,G 14 .G 11
SPACECRAFT SEP-
ARATED 17149° 73.573 -.042 .145G -.00GI
ACTUAL 37805. -4.62 2896.6 -l.G6 5.7328 -.2390 .109 .06 .GO9 -°8| .605 -1.08
SECTION 21
MISSION OBJECTIVES ACCOMPLISHMENT
Table 21-I presents the MSFC Principal Detailed Objectives and Secondary
Detailed Objectives as defined in the Saturn V Mission Implementation
Plan, Mission G, Revision C. An assessment of the degree of accomplish-
ment of each objective is shown. Discussion supporting the assessment
can be found in the indicated sections of the Saturn V Launch Vehicle
Flight Evaluation Report - AS-506, Apollo II Mission.
Table 21-I. Mission Objectives Accomplishment Summary
MSFC PRINCIPAL DETAILED DEGREE PARAGRAPH

NO. OBJECTIVES (PDO) AND SECONDARY OF DISCREPANCIES IN WHICH
DETAILED OBJECTIVES (SDO) ACCOMPLISHMENT DISCUSSED
4.1
Launch on variable 72 to 108-degree Complete None 4.3.1
4.3.2
flight azimuth and insertion of
S-IVB/IU/SC into a circular earth 11.4.2
parking orbit (PDO). 4.1
None 4.3.3
Restart the S-IVB during either the Complete
7.6
second or third revolution and in-
10.3
jection of the S-IVB/IU/SC onto the II .4.4
planned translunar trajectory (PDO).
Complete None 4.1

Provide the required attitude control
4.3.4
for the S-IVB/IU/SC during the Trans-
10.3
position, Docking, and Ejection (TD&E)
II .4.4
maneuver (PDO).
Use residual S-IVB propellants and Complete None 4.3.5

7.13
Auxiliary Propulsion System (APS),
after final LV/SC separation, to 10.3
safe the S-IVB and to minimize the II .4.4
possibility of the following, in order

of priority:
I. S-IVB/IU recontact with SC
2. S-IVB/IU earth impact
3. S-IVB/IU lunar impact (SDO).
21 -I/21-2
SECTION22
FAILURES,ANOMALIESANDDEVIATIONS
22.1 SUMMARY
Evaluation of the launch vehicle performance during the AS-506 flight

revealed no failures or anomalies and ten deviations. None of these
deviations had an adverse effect on the mission.
22.2 SYSTEMFAILURESANDANOMALIES
There were no failures or anomalies detected during the launch vehicle

operational period of flight.
22.3 SYSTEMDEVIATIONS
Ten system deviations occurred, none of which had any significant effect
on the flight or operation of the particular systems involved. Table 22-I
presents these deviations along with the corrective actions being con-
sidered and references to paragraphs containing additional discussion of
the deviations.
22-I
Table 22-I. Summary of Deviations
CORRECTIVE ACTION PARAGRAPH

VEHICLE DEVIATION PROBABLE CAUSE BEING CONSIDERED REFERENCE
SYSTEM
Unknown. None. Similar occurrences 5.6
S-IC Unexplained LOX suction
Propulsion duct pressure decay of during AS-503, AS-504 and
engine No. 5 after Center AS-505 with no effect on
Engine Cutoff (CECO). mission.
S-II Lower than planned Ground Increase GSE regulator nomi- 3.6.2
J-2 engine No. 1 start
Propulsion tank pressure below pre- Support Equipment (GSE) nal setting and relax pre-
launch commit redline to 6.2
launch commit (-33 regulator setting.
seconds) redline, more closely approximate
actual requirements.
None. Decay rate returned 6.2

S-II J-2 engine No. 2 helium Leakage through engine helium
Propulsion tank pressure decay rate regulator. to normal at 30 seconds
sharper than expected after ESC.
after Engine Start

Command (ESC).
S-IVB I. Inherent "drift-up" of Under investigation. 8.4

I. S-IVB engine driven
Hydraulics hydraulic pump system pump plus uncompensated
pressure drifted thermal expansion in com-
16 N/cm2 (23.2 psi) pensator; neither of which
over the predicted was included in establish-i
upper limit of ing the predicted upper
2526 N/cm 2 (3665 psia) limit.
at 9848 seconds.
2. Later exhibited small 2. Abrupt change could be due

but abrupt drop in to frictional hysteresis
pressure. in the pressure/flow reg-
ulating mechanism.
None. Probably due to ther- 7.10.2

S-IVB LOX tank pressure decayed I. Thermal collapse of
approximately 5 percent ullage pressure. mal collapse. Since LOX
Propulsion
below predicted minimum tank repressurization was
during coast in earth 2. LOX tank leakage. well within design capa-
parking orbit. bilities, this pressure decay
was not considered a problem
(even if second opportunity
restart had been required).
Similar to oscillations on None. While this is appar- 9.2.3.1

S-IVB Low amplitude, 17 to 20
Structures hertz longitudinal oscilla- AS-505, but only 20 percent rently a phenomenon which
tions during first burn. of the amplitude. Data in- is characteristic of the
dicates typical buildup and stage, changes in the engine
decay periods of very mild or payload configuration
oscillations without indi- would require a reassessment.
cations of propulsion/struc-
tural coupling.
Primarily due to improper Improve scaling in IU LVDC 6.5

Instrument Delay of 6 seconds in IU
Unit (IU) command to shift S-II Engine scaling in IU LVDC velocity velocity calculations. 10.2.1
Guidance Mixture Ratio (EMR). computations.
10.3
Raise the maximum pressure 18,4.2

IU/Gas Bearing Inertial platform gas bear- Inherent in the system late
in the flight. Occurred on differential spec. to an
Supply ing differential _ressure
drifted 0.54 N/cm z (0.8 psi) AS-502, AS-503, AS-504 and acceptable value. Ground
above specification at AS-506 and caused no problem. tests indicate no perform-
ance deviations at
23,200 seconds.
13.8 N/cm 2 (20 psi).
ST-124 platfom crossrange Vibration caused the Y accel- Under investigation, but had 10.2
IU/ST-124
Inertial erometer to have a level no effect on operation of
velocity exhibited negative
shift or to touch a mechani- launch vehicle. I0.4.7
Platform 1.8 m/s (5.9 ft/s) shift
3.3 seconds after liftoff. cal stop.
Malfunction of coaxial switch. Coaxial switch has been re- 19.4.3.2

IU/RF Erratic signal strength
at receiving station be- placed on AS-507 with new
ginning at 27,128 seconds. design.
22 -2
SECTION 23
SPACECRAFT SUMMARY
The purpose of the Apollo II mission was to land men on the lunar surface
and to return them safely. The crew was Neil A. Armstrong, Commander;
Michael Collins, Command Module (CM) Pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.,
Lunar Module (LM) Pilot.
The space vehicle was launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida,
at 9:32:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), July 16, 1969. The activi-
ties during earth orbit checkout, Translunar Injection (TLI), trans-
position and docking, spacecraft ejection, and translunar coast were
similar to those of Apollo I0. Only one midcourse correction, performed
at about 27 hours Ground Elapsed Time (GET), was required during trans-
lunar coast.
The spacecraft was inserted into lunar orbit at approximately 76 hours,

and the circularization maneuver was performed two revolutions later.
Initial checkout of LM systems was satisfactory, and after a planned
rest period, the Commander and LM Pilot entered the LM to prepare for
descent.
The two spacecraft were undocked at I00 hours, followed by separation

of the Command and Service Modules (CSM) from the LM. Descent orbit
insertion was performed at about 101.5 hours, and powered descent to
the lunar surface began about 1 hour later. Operation of the guidance
and descent propulsion systems was nominal. During the final 2.5 minutes
of descent, the LM was maneuvered manually approximately 305 meters (I000
ft) downrange. The spacecraft landed in the Sea of Tranquility at
102:45:40. The landing coordinates were 0.647 degree north latitude and
23.505 degrees east longitude, based on identification of landmarks from
the onboard sequence camera. During the first 2 hours on the surface,
the two crewmen performed a postlanding checkout of all LM systems.
Afterwards they ate their first meal on the moon and elected to perform
the surface operations earlier than planned.
Considerable time was devoted tocheckout and donning of the back-mounted

portable life support and oxygen purge systems. The Commander egressed
through the forward hatch and deployed an equipment module in the descent
stage. A camera in this module provided live television coverage of the
Commander descending the ladder to the surface, with first contact made
23-I
at 109:24:19 (10:56:19 p.m. EDT, July 20, 1969). The LM Pilot egressed
soon thereafter, and both crewmen used the initial period on the surface
to become acclimated to the reduced gravity and new surface conditions.
A contingency sample was taken from the surface, and the television
camera was deployed so that most of the LM was included in its view field.
The crew took numerous photographs, erected a U.S. flag, and activated
the scientific experiments, which included a solar wind detector, a
passive seismometer, and a laser reflector. The LM Pilot spent consider-
able time evaluating his ability to operate and move about, and despite
the limitations imposed by the pressurized suit, he was able to translate
rapidly and with confidence. Approximately 24 kilograms (54 Ibm) of bulk
surface material were collected to be returned for analysis. The crew
reentered the LM at 111:39:00, with surface exploration lasting 2 hours,
31 minutes.
Ascent preparation was conducted efficiently, and the ascent stage lifted
off the surface at 124.5 hours A nominal firing of the ascent engine
placed the vehicle into an 83 by 17 kilometer (45 by 9 n mi) orbit.
After a rendezvous sequence similar to that of Apollo I0, the two space-
craft were docked at 128 hours. Following transfer of the crew, the
ascent stage was jettisoned, and the Commandand Service Modules were
prepared for transearth injection.
The return flight started with a 150-second firing of the service propul-
sion engine during the 31st lunar revolution at 135.5 hours. As in trans-
lunar flight, only one midcourse correction was required, and passive
thermal control was exercised for most of transearth coast. The possi-
bility of inclement weather necessitated moving the landing point 398
kilometers (215 n mi) downrange. The entry phase was normal, and the CM
landed in the Pacific Ocean at 195:18:35. The landing coordinates, as
determined from the onboard computer, were 13.3 degrees north latitude
and 169.4 degrees west longitude.
After landing, the crew donned biological isolation garments and were re-
trieved by helicopter and taken to the primary recovery ship, USS Hornet.
The crew then entered the Mobile Quarantine Facility, which arrived at
the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston on Sunday, July 27, 1969. The
CMwas taken aboard the Hornet about 3 hours after landing. The lunar
samples arrived at the Receiving Laboratory the day after landing.
For further details on the spacecraft performance, refer to the Apollo II

Mission Report published by NASAManned Spacecraft Center at Houston,
Texas.
23-2
APPENDIXA
ATMOSPHERE
A.I SUMMARY
This appendix presents a summary of the atmospheric environment at launch

time of the AS-506. The format of these data is similar to that presented
on previous launches of •Saturn vehicles to permit comparisons. Surface
and upper winds, and thermodynamic data near the launch time are given.
A.2 GENERAL ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS AT LAUNCH TIME
A high pressure cell, in the Atlantic Ocean off the North Carolina coast,
along with a weak trough of low pressure located in the northeastern Gulf
of Mexico caused light southerly surface winds and brought moisture into
the Cape Kennedy, Florida area, which contributed to the cloudy conditions
and distant thunderstorms that were observed during launch.
A.3 SURFACE OBSERVATIONS AT LAUNCH TIME

i
At launch time, total sky cover was 9/10 with I/I0 cumulus at 0.7 kilo-
meter (2400 ft), 2/10 altocumulus at 4.6 kilometers (15,000 ft) and 9/10
cirrostratus at an unknown altitude. Surface observations at launch time
are summarized in Table A-I. Solar radiation data are given in Table A-2.
A.4 UPPER AIR MEASUREMENTS
Data were used from three of the upper air wind systems to compile the
final meteorological tape. Table A-3 summarizes the data systems used.
A.4.1 Wind Speed
Wind speed was light in the lower levels. In the maximum dynamic pressure
region a peak speed of 9.6 m/s (18.7 knots) was observed at 11.40 kilo-
meters (37,400 ft). At higher altitudes the wind speed increased stead-
ily, as shown in Figure A-I.
A.4.2 Wind Direction
The surface wind was from the south, but with altitude shifted clockwise
through west, north and then stayed easterly above 16 kilometers (52,490
ft) altitude, as shown in Figure A-2.
A-I
Table A-I. Surface Observations at AS-506 Launch Time
WIND
TIME PRES- TEM- DEW VlSI-
AFTER SURE_ PERATURE POINT BILITY AMOUNT SKY COVER HEIGHT SPEED DIR
LOCATION T-O N/CM z °K °K KM (TENTHS) TYPE OF BASE M/S (DEG)
(MIN) (PSlA) (°F) (°F) (STAT MI) (KNOTS)
i
180
Kennedy Space 0 10.203 302.6 297.0 16 1 Cumulus 700 1.0
Center, Station (14.80) (85.0) _75.0) (I0) (2400) (2.0)
Merritt Island, 2 iAlto- 4600
:lorida cumulus (15,000)
9 Cirro- high
stratus
18O
Cape Kennedy 13 10,195 303.0 297.5 ........ 1.0
Rawinsonde (14.79) (85.6) 75.7) (2.0)
Measurements
175
Pad 39A Lightpole 0 .............. 3,3
SE 18.3 m * (6.4)
(60.0 ft)
*Above Natural Grade
A.4.3 Pitch Wind Component
The surface pitch wind speed component was a tail wind of 0.3 m/s (0.6
knots). A maximum tail wind of 7.6 m/s (14.8 knots) was observed at
11.18 kilometers (36,680 ft) altitude. Head winds were observed above
15.0 kilometers (49,210 ft) altitude. See Figure A-3o
A.4.4 Yaw Wind Component
The yaw wind speed component was a wind from the right at the surface to
approximately 9.0 kilometers (29,530 ft) altitude. Winds from the left
prevailed above this altitude to 16.3 kilometers (53,480 ft) with a peak
yaw wind speed of 7.1 m/s (13.8 knots) at 12.1 kilometers (39,530 ft)
altitude. Above 16.3 kilometers (53,480 ft) yaw winds were from the
right. See Figure A-4.
A.4.5 Component Wind Shears
The largest component wind shear (Ah = I000 m) in the altitude range of
8 to 16 kilometers (26,247 to 52,493 ft) was a pitch shear of 0.0077 sec -I
at 14.8 kilometers (48,490 ft). The largest yaw wind shear, in the lower
levels, was 0.0056 sec-I at 10.3 kilometers (33,790 ft). See Figure A-5.
A-2
Table A-2. Solar Radiation at AS-506 Launch Time, Launch Pad 39A
TOTAL NORMAL DIFFUSE

HOURENDING HORIZONTAL INCIDENT SKY
DATE G-CAL/CM2
EST G-CAL/CM2 G-CAL/CM 2
(MIN) (MIN) (MIN)
July 15, 1969 0600 0o00 0.00 0.00

0700 0.II 0.03 0.I0
O8OO 0.15 0.02 0.14
0900 0.21 0.02 0.20
I000 0.41 0.03 0.39
II00 0.57 0.03 0.54
1200 0.78 0.12 0.66
1300 1.17 O.44 0.74
1400 0.89 0.29 0.62
1500 0.39 0.02 0.37
1600 0.33 0.01 0.32
1700 0.43 0.06 O. 40
1800 0.30 0.I0 0.27
1900 0.07 0.00 0.07
2000 0.01 0.00 0.01
july 16, 1969 060O 0.01 0.00 0.01

0700 0.14 0.II 0.II
0800 0.42 0.36 0.24
0900 0.77 0.54 O. 40
I000 0.88 0.37 0.57
II00 1.46 0.52 0.98
A.4o6 Extreme Wind Data in the High Dynamic Region
A summa_ of the maximum wind speeds and wind components is given in

Table A-4. A summary of the extreme wind shear values is given in Table
A-5.
A.5 THERMODYNAMIC DATA
Comparisons of the thermodynamic data taken at AS-506 launch time with

the Patrick Reference Atmosphere, 1963 (PRA-63) for temperature, density,
pressure, and Optical Index of Refraction are shown in Figures A-6 and
A-7 and discussed in the following paragraphs.
A.5.1 Temperature
Atmospheric temperature deviations were small, being less than 3 percent

deviation from the PRA-63. At most altitudes, the temperature was warmer
than the PRA-63.
A-3
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RANGETIME, SECONDS
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LOKI DART (1513Z-1536Z .I
III I I I I I I I I I I I
0
RANGETIME, SECONDS
(1")
I
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Oh
60
58
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54 _
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46 _
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40
38
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60
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4 50
"_ Ah = I000 METERS
I 4o
2 _. 1 30
20
0
0 .004 .008 .012 .016 0 .004 .008 .012 .016
(Sx) PITCH WIND SHEAR ( _F'!"

sec-l) (S z) YAW WIND SHEAR(_.Aw sec_l)
Figure A-5. Pitch (Sx) and Yaw (Sz) Component Wind Shears
At Launch Time of AS-506
A-8
Table A-3. Systems Used to Measure Upper Air Wind Data for AS-506
RELEASE TIME
PORTION OF DATA USED
START END
TIME
TYPE OF DATA
TIME AFTER
TIME TIME
(UT) T-O ALTITUDE ALTITUDE
AFTER AFTER
(MIN) M M
T-O T-O
(FT) (FT)
(MIN) (MIN)
I i
FPS-I 6 Jimsphere 1347 15 0 15 16,250 7O

(53,310)
Rawinsonde 1345 13 16,500 67 24,750 94

(54,130) (81,200)
Loki Dart 1512 I00 56,000 I01 25,000 124

(183,725) (82,020)
Table A-4. Maximum Wind Speed in High Dynamic Pressure Region for
Apollo/Saturn 501 through Apollo/Saturn 506 Vehicles
MAXIMUM WIND MAXIMUM WIND COMPONENTS

VEHICLE
SPEED ALT PITCH (Wx) ALT YAW (Wz) ALT
NUMBER DIR KM M/S
M/S KM M/S KM
(BEG) (KNOTS) (KNOTS) (FT)
(KNOTS) (FT)
i I
AS-501 26.0 273 11.50 24.3 11.50 12.9 9.00

(50.5) (37,700) (47.2) (37,700) (25.1) (29,500)
AS-502 27.1 255 12.00 27.1 12.00 12.9 15.75

(52.7) (42,600) (52.7) (42,600) (25.1) (51,700)
AS-503 34.8 284 15.22 31.2 15.10 22.6 15.80

(67.6) (49,900) (60.6) (49,500) (43.9) (51,800)
76.2 264 11.73 74.5 11.70 21.7 11.43

IAS-504
(148.1) (38,480) (144.8) (38,390) (42.2) (37,500)
AS-505 42.5 270 14.18 40.8 13.80 18.7 14.85

(82.6) (46,520) (79.3) (45,280) (36.3) (48,720)
AS-506 9.6 297 II .40 7.6 11.18 7.1 12.05

(18.7) (37,400) (14.8) (36,680) (13.8) (39,530)
A-9
i
Table A-5. Extreme Wind Shear Values in the High Dynamic Pressure Region
for Apollo/Saturn 501 through Apollo/Saturn 506 Vehicles
(Ah = I000 m)
PITCH PLANE YAW PLANE
VEHICLE
NUMBER ALTITUDE ALTITUDE
SHEAR SHEAR
KM KM
(SEC-I) (SEC-I)
(FT) (FT)
AS-501 0.0066 I0.00 0.0067 I0.00

(32,800) (32,800)
AS-502 0.0125 14.90 0.0084 13.28

(48,900) (43,500)
AS-503 0.0103 16.00 0.0157 15.78

(52,5OO) (51,800)
AS-504 0.0248 15.15 0.0254 14.68

(49,700) (48,160)
AS-505 0.0203 15.30 0.0125 15.53

(5O,2OO) ( 5O ,950)
AS-506 0.0077 14.78 0.0056 10.30

(48,490) (33,790)
A.5.2 Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure deviations remained greater than the PRA-63 values

at all altitudes. Surface pressure was 0.2 percent greater than the PRA-
63 and increased to a peak deviation of 9.0 percent at 44.0 kilometers
(144,360 ft).
A.5.3 Atmospheric Density
Atmospheric density deviations were small, being less than 5 percent de-
viation from the PRA-63 from the,surface to 29.8 kilometers (97,770 ft)
altitude. Density deviations increased above this altitude and reached
a peak of 10.3 percent at 46.0 kilometers (150,920 ft). Surface atmos-
pheric density was -2.1 percent of the PRA-63 surface density.
A-IO
6O
58
56
54
/ (
52
5O
f
48
46
(
44
/
\ /
42
40
k
f i
38
36
>
34
/ o
32
__ 3o /
<
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_ 28
26
f
24
22
< (
20
18
J
16
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14
12
I0
8
/ L_
<
6
0
-2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2
! 0 2 4 6 8 I0
I
12
-4
RELATIVE DEVIATION OF TEMPERATURE,PERCENT RELATIVE DEVIATION OF DENSITY, PERCENT
Figure A-6. Relative Deviation of Temperature and Density

From the PRA-63 Reference Atmosphere, AS-506
A-II
60
58
56 150
54
52
5O
48
140
46
44
42
130
40
38
36
34
12o
32 8
3O
28
110 _
26
24
22
100
2O
18
90
16
14
8O
12
7O
6O
4 5O
4O
2
' 30
20
0
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 I0 12 14 -14 -12 -I0 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2
RELATIVE DEVIATION OF PRESSURE, PERCENT ABSOLUTE DEVIATION OF THE OPTICAL

INDEX OF REFRACTION 10 -6
Figure A-7. Relative Deviation of Pressure and Absolute Deviation of

the Index of Refraction From the PRA-63 Reference Atmosphere, AS-506
A-12
A.5.4 Optical Index of Refraction
At the surface, the Optical Index of Refraction was 12.9 x 10-6 units
lower than the corresponding value of the PRA-63. The deviation became
less negative with altitude, becoming a maximumpositive deviation of
2.43 x 10-6 greater than the corresponding value of the PRA-63 at 14.3
kilometers (46,920 ft). Above this altitude the Optical Index of Re-
fraction approximates the PRA-63 values.
A.6 COMPARISON
OF SELECTEDATMOSPHERIC
DATAFORSATURNV LAUNCHES
A summary of the atmospheric data for each Saturn V launch is shown in

Table A-6.
Table A-6. Selected Atmospheric Observations for Apollo/Saturn 501 Through

Apollo/Saturn 506 Vehicle Launches at Kennedy Space Center, Florida
VEHICLE DATA SURFACE DATA INFLIGHT CuNDITIONS
VEHICLE DATE TIFIE LAUNCH PRESSURE TEMPERA- RELATIVE WI_4D* CLOUDS MAXIMUM WIND IN 8-16 KM LAYER
NUMBER NEAREST COMPLEX N/CM 2 TURE °C HUMIDITY SPEED DIRECTION ALTITUDE SPEED DIRECTION
MINUTE PERCENT M/S DEG KM M/S DEG
AS-501 9 Nov 67 0700 EST 39A 10.261 17.6 55 8.0 70 I/IO cumulus 11.50 26.0 273
39A 10.200 20.9 83 5.4 132 5/10 stratocumulus ]3.00 27.1 255
AS-502 4 Apr 68 0600 EST
AS-503 21 Dec 68 0751 EST 39A 10.207 15.0 88 1.0 360 4/10 cirrus 15.22 34.8 284
AS-504 3 Mar 69 II00 EST 39A 10.095 19.6 61 6.9 160 lO/10 strato- 11.73 76.2 264
cumulus
26.7 75 8.2 125 4/10 cumulus, 2/70 14.18 42.5 270

AS-5D5 18 May 69 1149 EDT 39B 10.190
a3tocumulus, 10/10
cirrus
29.4 73 3.3 175 I/lO cumulus, 2/10 11.40 9.6 297

AS-506 16 Ju} 69 0932 EDT 39A 10.203
altocumulus, 9/10
cirrostratus
*Instantaneous readings from charts at T-O from anemometers on launch pad at 18.3 m (60.0 ft) on launch complex 39 (A&B). Heights of anemometers
are above natural grade.
A-13/A-14
APPENDIXB
AS-506 SIGNIFICANT CONFIGURATION

CHANGES
B.I INTRODUCTION
AS-506, sixth flight of the Saturn V series, was the fourth manned
Apollo Saturn V vehicle. The AS-506 launch vehicle was configured the
same as the AS-505 with significant exceptions as shown in Tables B-I
through B-4. The basic AS-506 Apollo II spacecraft structure and
components were unchanged from the AS-504 Apollo 9 configuration except
lunar module crew provisions were accompanied by portable life support
systems and associated controls required to accommodate extra vehicular
surface activity. The basic vehicle description is presented in Appendix B
of the Saturn V Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report AS-504, Apollo 9
Mission, MPR-SAT-FE-69-4.
B-I
Table B-I. S-IC Significant Configuration Changes
SYSTEM CHANGE REASON
Control Deleted prevalve accumu- Stage system tests have shown

Pressure lator bottles. that the accumulator bottles
are not required for satis-
factory closure of prevalves.
Data Measurements reduced from R&D instrumentation which is

669 to 313; deletions no longer required.
include all vibration and
acoustic measurements.
Deleted 3 PAM, 2 FM/FM, Deletion of R&D instrumenta-

and 2 SS/FM systems. tion permitted reduction of
telemetry system.
Deleted airborne tape R&D data recording system
recorder. which is no longer required.
Modified register'switches Improve reliability.
card in telemetry PCM/DDAS
assembly.
Electrical Capacity of instrumenta- Deletion of R&D instrumenta-

tion battery ID20 reduced. tion permitted use of lower
capacity battery.
Table B-2. S-II Significant Configuration Changes
Instrumentation Reduction of measurement Maturity of designoR&D

quantity from 1018 on instrumentation no longer
S-II-5 to 563 on S-II-6 required.
and subs.
Deleted 3 PAM, l FM/FM,

and 2 SS/FM systems.
Deleted 2 airborne tape
recorders.
Thermal Deleted electronic pack- Instrumentation reduction.
Control ages 206A84, 206A85,
208, 211, 212, 213 from
aft skirt area and pack-
ages 222, 224, 227, and
228 from forward skirt
area.
Structures Deleted Ill-inch dollar Analysis and tests indicated

weld doublers on aft the doublers not necessary.
LOX bulkhead.
B-2
Table B-3. S-IVB Significant Configuration Changes
Instrumentation Five S-IVB measurements To better define the low

are routed through the frequency vibration which
IU/FM/FM telemetry system. occurred on AS-505.
(Remaining measurements
same as AS-504).
Propulsion Addition of liner to LH2 To eliminate flow resonance

feed duct. problems.
02/H2 injector change. To eliminate possible burn
through during flight
operation.
Addition of block point To prevent possible over-
to shutoff valve of heating of solenoid in
pneumatic power control secondary regulation mode
module. (bang-bang).
New configuration cold To prevent main poppet seat
helium shutoff valves distortion at low tempera-
for cryogenic repress ture.
appl i cati on.
New configuration cold To prevent main poppet seat
helium dump valve. distortion at low tempera-
ture.
Thermal protection- High solenoid cold tempera-

pneumatic shutoff valve ture in bang-bang mode of
solenoid. operation will reduce the
solder strength.
B-3
Table B-4. IU Significant Configuration Changes
Environmental "Tee" section added to ends Provide capability for RTG

Control of air/GN2 purge duct. fuel cask preflight thermal
"Tee" is capped on AS-506. conditioning. Additional
ducting, nozzle and brackets
used on AS-505 not included
on AS-506.
Thermal switch settings Settings determined from test

were: data.
Open at 288.8°K(60.I°F)
Close at 288.2°K(59.0°F)
Additional clamp added to AS-505 preflight thermal

IU air/GN2 purge duct boot conditioning to RTG was lost
at the umbilical plate. during countdown. Suspect area
Increased torque on clamps was the clamp at the inlet to
associated with the duct the IU.
boot.
Instrumentation Two acceleration and three Low frequency structural

and pressure measurements added vibrations monitored during
Communication to the S-IVB are telemetered the AS-506 flight.
via IU FM/FM system.
Added measurements:
A12-403 Gimbal block longi-

tudinal accelerometer
A15-424 LOX feedline at Aft
LOX dome accelerometer.
DI-401 Thrust chamber press-
ure.
D3-403 Oxidizer pump inlet
pressure.
D9-401 Oxidizer pump discharge
pressure.
Networks Additional Cables and modifica- Modifications required to add five

tions to the measuring distrib- measurements for the S-IVB.
utor and F1TM assembly.
Flight Launch pad choice from target Pad choice can be loaded with target-
Program tape. ing parameters from tape via the RCA-
IIOA. Eliminates necessity for re-
assembly of flight program due to
change of launch pad.
Capability for detection of An S-IC engine out, formerly not

early S-IC engine out. detectable until 14 seconds after
liftoff, can now be detected from
6 seconds after liftoff.
Accelerometer zero test. Adjusts the Sin D term for an early

S-IC or S-II outboard engine out.
Expanded S-II IGM guidance. Automatically adjusts for wide varia-

tions in performance, for either high or
low thrust levels. Has inherent capabil-
ity to adjust guidance for multiple S-II
engines out.
Deletion of program recogni- The program will not prevent a time base
tion of critical pairs of update from altering the time separation
switch selector commands. between any pair of switch selector com-
mands. It will be the responsibility of
ground controllers to maintain such re-
quirements if they exist.
B-4
Table B-4. IU Significant Configuration Changes (Continued)
Flight Expanded data compression Maximum duration of data compression

Program (Cont'd) capability. period extended from 50 to 95 minutes.
Sample rate of Table 3 changed from
30 to 60 seconds. Maximum sample
capacity of Table 2 increased from
31 to 59; Table 4 increased from 61 to
116.
Deletion of LH2 propel- The S-IVB residual LH2 dump was deleted,
lant dump. since velocity change requirements could
be satisfied otherwise.
Selective telemetry cali- Capability is provided to distinguish

bration and dump. between "dump and calibrate" and
"calibrate only" LVDC telemetry stations.
Of the 14 LVDC telemetry stations on the
mission, onlyCarnarvon, Hawaii, and
Guaymas are compressed data dump stations.
MSFC--RSA, Ala
B-5/B-6
MPR-SAT-FE-69-9
APPROVAL
SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT
AS-506, APOLLO II MISSION
By Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group
The information in this report has been reviewed for security classifica-
tion. Review of any information concerning Department of Defense or
Atomic Energy Commission programs has been made by the MSFC Security
Classification Officer. The highest classification has been determined
to be unclassified.
Stanley L. SFragge - I
Security Classification Officer
This_report has been reviewed and approved for technical accuracy.
George'. McKay, Jr./ ' /

Chairman, Saturn Fl_ht EValuation Working Group
/_ Ire_c_ori_Sclence
" " and En-1
g'neering
Roy E. Godi_ey
Saturn Program Manager
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Saturn V Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report - AS-506 Apollo 11 Mission

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Saturn V Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report - AS-506 Apollo 11 Mission

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(

_" (.PAG - (,_COI_

o (NASA CR OR TMX OR AD NUMBER) (CATEGORY)

SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE

FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT-AS-506

PREPARED BY "'_,,'-// - C "%"_

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

_C - Form 774 (Rev October 1967)

SATURNV LAUNCH VEHI CLE

AS-506 LAUNCH VEHICLE

SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT - AS-506

Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group

Saturn V AS-506 (Apollo II Mission) was launched at 09:32:00 Eastern

The launch vehicle successfully placed the manned spacecraft in the

The Principal and Secondary Detailed Objectives of this mission

Any questions or comments pertaining to the information contained in

Director, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center

TABLEOF CONTENTS iii

MISSION PLAN xxiii

FLIGHT TEST SUMMARY XXV

2.2 Variable Time and CommandedSwitch

3.2 Prel aunch Milestones 3-I

3.3 Countdown Events 3-I

3.4 Propella'nt Loading 3-I

3.5 S-II Insulation, Purge and Leak

3.6 Ground Support Equipment 3-4

4.3 Trajectory Evaluation 4-3

5.1 Summa ry 5-I

5.2 S-IC Ignition Transient Performance 5-I

5.3 S-IC Mainstage Performance 5-3

5.4 S-IC Engine Shutdown Transient

5.5 S-IC Stage Propellant Management 5-6

5.6 S-lC Pressurization Systems 5-7

5.7 S-IC Pneumatic Control Pressure System 5-8

5.8 S-IC Purge Systems 5-8

5.9 S-IC POGO Suppression System 5-9

6.1 Summary 6-I

6.2 S-II Chilldown and Buildup

6.3 S-II Mainstage Performance 6-4

6.4 S-II Shutdown Transient Performance 6-8

6.5 S-II Stage Propellant Management 6-8

6.6 S-II Pressurization Systems 6-9

6.7 S-II Pneumatic Control Pressure

6.8 S-II Helium Injection System 6-13

7.1 Summary 7-I

7.2 S-IVB Chilldown and Buildup Transient

7.3 S-IVB Mainstage Performance for First

7.4 S-IVB Shutdown Transient Performance

7.5 S-IVB Parking Orbit Coast Phase

7.6 S-IVB Chilldown and Restart for

7.7 S-IVB Mainstage Performance for

7.8 S-IVB Shutdown Transient Performance

7.9 S-IVB Stage Propellant Management 7-12

7.10 S-IVB Pressurization System 7-14

21 MISSION OBJECTIVESACCOMPLISHMENT 21-I

A.6 Comparison of Selected Atmospheric

B • AS-506 SIGNIFICANT CONFIGURATION CHANGES

2-I Telemetry Time Delay 2-2

4-I Ascent Trajectory Position Comparison 4-3

4-2 Ascent Trajectory Space-Fixed Velocity

4-3 Ascent Trajectory Acceleration Comparison 4-5

4-4 Dynamic Pressure and Mach Number Comparisons 4-6

4-5 Ground Track 4-12

4-6 Injection Phase Space-Fixed Velocity and