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PSCAD : POWER SYSTEM

SIMULATOR
Copyright 2005

WELCOME TO THE PSCAD

INTRODUCTORY TRAINING COURSE

SUMMARY

I General Features
II First steps with PSCAD
III Introduction on control systems
IV Breakers & Faults
V Switching & Interpolation
VI Transformers in PSCAD
VII Rotating Machines in PSCAD
VIII Transmission Lines & PSCAD
IX User Component
X Organizing the Worksheet
XI Matlab Interface
2

I General Features

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PSCAD: General Features

Load Flow / Transient Stability

z Each solution based on
phasor calculations
z Sequential time domain
calculations
Electro-Magnetic Transients = PSCAD
z Direct time domain solution of
Differential Equations
z Trapezoidal integration

I R L
⎛ dI ⎞
V (t ) = [I ( t ) × R ] + ⎜ L ⎟
⎝ dt ⎠

Selection of
Simulation Tools

Transients Tools (PSCAD)

Stability/Load Flow Tools
(Phasor Solutions)
z Valid only for Steady State
and Low Frequency Swings
z Simplified Controls
(approximated as S
functions)
z Steady State Equations for
HVDC
z Efficient for Large Systems
(Time Solutions)
z Valid Over a Wide
Frequency Range
z Detailed Analog and Digital
Controls
z Detailed Switching of
Thyristors, Diodes, GTO’s
z Harmonics
z Transient Overvoltages,
Lightning Impulses
z Machine Dynamics

Transient vs Steady State

z Transient solution
‹ Harmonics
‹ Non-linearities
‹ Frequency dependent
effects

z Steady state solution

‹ RMS Value

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Typical studies

z Find the over voltages in a power system due to a fault or a

breaker operation
z Over voltages due to lightening strikes
z Find the harmonics generated by Power electronic devices
(SVC,HVDC link, STATCOM, Machine drives)
z Tune and design control systems for maximum performance
z Investigate sub synchronous resonance (SSR)
z Study the interaction between the SVC,HVDC links and other
non linear devices.
z Variable speed drives
z Industrial systems

Typical studies- Power Quality

• Grounding methods
• Over-voltages due to switching
• Voltage sags
• Iron saturation – inrush
• Performance of FACTS devices
• Ferro resonance
• Active and passive filters
• Distributed generation
• Flicker
• Variable speed drives and related harmonics
• Industrial systems

PSCAD: Simulation Theory

Based on Dommel’s representation of power system

components
Admittance matrix based

[i] = [Y] [v]

[i] – Node current injection matrix
[v] – Node voltage matrix
[Y] – System Admittance matrix

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PSCAD: Simulation Theory

Example: How an inductance is modelled ?

10

Integration of components
to form the system

PSCAD
z Compiles the circuit draft to form the FORTRAN file
z Defines the Y matrix (map file)

z Subroutines are called to compute R and I of models at

a given time step

z EMTDC :
♦ Solves for node voltage based on Y and I values
♦ Increments the time step

z FILES :
♦ PSCAD shematics: *.psc file
♦ directory *.emt : contains data file, map file, line.* files, output files

11

PSCAD: Specifications

PSCAD needs a Fortran Compiler to run:

z Compaq Visual Fortran V5 or V6 (Intel Fortran Compiler v9)
z The free
Th f GNU F77 compiler
il iis d
delivered
li d with
ith PSCAD:
PSCAD
Limitations

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PSCAD: Limits

Professional edition GNU Compaq

FORTRAN Visual
F77 FORTRAN
( V5 ou V6)
Electrical Nodes 200 Unlimited
Electrical branches 2000 Unlimited
Sub-pages
Sub pages 25 Unlimited
T-Lines/Cables 50 Unlimited
Transformers 70 Unlimited

Educational edition
Electrical Nodes 200
Electrical branches 2000
Sub-pages 25

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II First steps with PSCAD

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PSCAD Workspace

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Menu « Edit - Workspace

Settings »
z Fortran:
Select your FORTRAN compiler
z Matlab:
Choose your MATLAB version
and the corresponding libraries
z License:
Licensing info and installation
z Preferences:….

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PSCAD: Step by step

1) Create or load a project

2) Select the components from the library
3) Define the components and connect them with wires
4) If needed,
d d prepare dynamic
d i control
t l devices
d i
5) Prepare plotting and metering tools
6) Parameterize the simulation => time step,
parameters...

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Create Projects

z To create a new case: [File][New][Case]

or :

z To load an existing project: [File] [Load Project]

or :

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Activate Projects

z To activate a project: Click on the project name then

[Set as active]: The project name becomes blue
‹ Only one project is active
‹ Only an active project can be run and saved

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Access to the Master Library

z All the PSCAD components are saved in the MASTER LIBRARY

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Define components

z Component parameters Window (e.g: Synchronous machine)

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On Line Help

z [Help][Table of Contents]

z Or directly click on
the [Help] button from
the dialog box of a
component
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On Line Help

z Detailed
information on:
♦ Master
Library
Models
♦ Solver
structure
♦ Index, etc.

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Measurement

z In component parameters window, define a

name to measure internal variables:
(eg: Output voltage of 3 phase voltage source)

z «Multimeter » component to measure:

v,i,P,Q,Vrms,theta…. anywhere in the model

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Plotting Devices

z Overlay Graphs

z Polygraphs

z Meters

25

Plotting Curves/Metering

• Step 1 : Measurement

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Plotting Curves/Metering

• Step 2: Select the « Output channel » component and

link with the measured value

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Plotting Curves

•Step 3a : [Right Click] on the « Output channel » and :

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Plotting Curves
•Step 3b ( if the graph is already created) :

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Metering

•Steps 1 & 2 are the same: Prepare the output Channel

•Step 3 : Select the « Control Panel » component

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Metering

Step 4: [Input/Output Reference] from the output channel

Then [Paste] on the

control Panel

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Plotting Curves/Metering

•The « Output channel » component allows to define

characteristics for the display of the measured value : (Title, Scale
Factor, Unit,etc...

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Project Settings Menu

z Duration of the Simulation

z Solver Time Step
z Plotting Time Step

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How to export results ?

1) Copy results from one graph to Excel or text files

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How to export results ?

2) Save directly all the measured quantities in output files:

z In the project settings menu

« Save Channels to disk »:

z Output files (text files) will be created in the *.emt directory

z Associated *.inf files can be directly opened in Livewire
(offline PSCAD post processor)

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Dynamic Control Devices

•Possibility to change dynamically (during the simulation) the

values of parameters owing to several dynamic control devices:
•Slider:
•Switch:
•Push Button:
•Dial:

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Dynamic Control Devices

Operating Mode: example with a slider

•Step 1 : Select your control devices

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Dynamic Control Devices

•Step 2 : Open the component and define the variation bracket

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Dynamic Control Devices

•Step 3 : Link it with the « manual » tool , the control pannel

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Dynamic Control Devices

Step 4: [Input/Output Reference] from the output channel

Then [Paste] on the

control Panel

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Snapshot

A Snapshot allows to launch a simulation having initial

conditions given by a previous simulation

1) Run a first initialization simulation until to reach the steady

state and save results in a snapshot file
2) Launch transient simulations starting from snapshot files

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Snapshot : Operating mode

1) First simulation: Standard Startup Method

2) Define the snapshot time & File and run the initialisation simulation

3) Transient simulation: From snapshot file Startup Method:

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Multiple run Simulations

z To run several times consecutively one case with different values of

parameters
z To find the best parameter values or the « worst case » (fault study)
z Insert the following component directly in your project:

Measured values
Parameters of the
which will be
project which are
recorded in the
monitored in the
multiple run output
multiple solution
file *.out

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Multiple run : Operating mode

Specify the parameters variation law of the monitored parameters

Type of variation:
list,sequential or random
Boolean, Real or
Integer ?
List of values

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Multiple run : Operating mode

Specify the recorded quantities

Number
N b off recorded
d d
quantity Recorded quantity:integer,
real or boolean ?

Data allowing to find the

optimal run
Possibility to record
Max(x),Min(x) or « x » itself

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III Introduction on control

systems

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Variable parameters

z Variable parameters in PSCAD:

♦ Control signals for Power electronic devices
♦ Control signals for Breakers and Faults
♦ Electrical quantities externally controlled
( eg: Voltage Source Magnitude, RLC values,…)
z Possibilities to design control systems with:
♦ mathematical function blocks
♦ sequencers
♦ user interactive control tools

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Control Blocks

z Control system is defined by connecting:

♦ Constants and Time inputs
♦ Sinusoidal functions
♦ Comparators
♦ Transfer functions
♦ Min, max…
♦ Look up table
♦ Filters
♦ …..

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Control Blocks

z Example:

49

Sequencers

z State graph form:

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IV Breakers & Faults

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Breaker model

Single phase breaker: 1 model - 2 display

Low
o voltage
o tage display
d sp ay High
g Voltage
o tage display
d sp ay

Three phase breaker: 1 model - 3 display

Low voltage display High Voltage display (single line)

52

Breaker: Parameters

Name, Roff, Ron

Possibility to define pre and post insertion resistances

Single pole operation: possibility to operate each phase separately

53

Breakers Control

z Predefine the initial state and operation time in

the « Timed Breaker Logic » component:

z Link the breaker with a user interactive control tool:

z Link with a sequencer:

z Define its state (1 or 0) with another control block:

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Fault model

Single phase fault:

Three phase fault:

= 2 state switching resistors
RON,ROFF

Three phase view Single line view

55

Fault control

z Define the fault duration ant the time to apply

fault in the « Timed Fault Logic » component:

z Dynamic control tools

z Sequencers:

z Control blocks ( 0: fault removed ; 1 :fault applied)

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Fault control

If the option «external» control is selected,

the fault type can also be externally monitored:

Fault type table :

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V Switching
g & Interpolation
p

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Semi-Conductors Models

Available Semi-conductors
models in the PSCAD Master
Library :

59

Semi-Conductors Models

Common representation of
semi_conductors: RON/ROFF
with parallel snubber circuit or
not

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Diode characteristic

Parameters:
z Ron/Roff values
z F
Forward
d Voltage
V lt Drop
D Value
V l
z Snubber Circuit Resistance & Capacitance

Note: The reverse recovery time of the diode is assumed zero

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Thyristor characteristic

Parameters:
z Ron/Roff values
z Forward Voltage Drop Value
z The Forward Break-Over Voltage:
Device will be forced into conduction if this
voltage is exceeded (with or without a gate pulse) [kV]

z The Reverse Withstand Voltage:

Device will be forced into conduction in the reverse direction
if this voltage is exceeded [kV]
z The minimum extinction Time (min of δt between Roff and Ron)

z Snubber Circuit Resistance & Capacitance

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GTO/IGBT characteristic

z Same characteristics as for the thyristor

z TURN OFF signal
i l to
t be
b monitored
it d

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Power Electronic Switching

& Time step

z PSCAD has a fixed Time Step

z Control system need a small time step to switch at exact

instant :
=> « Interpolation method »

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Interpolation Method

Current crosses zero

y −y y
1 2 1
:=
y1 dt t
t1 1

t- dt t

y2

Current crossing time t1 can be estimated

65

Interpolation Method

4 6 5 7
1
t1
3 t

2 t

1 – ON 4 – OFF (new G matrix)

2 – ON (wrong) 5 – dt ahead from 4
3 – ON (interpolate 1 &2) 6 – interpolate 4 & 5

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Interpolation Method

Advantages of this method:

z Accuracy: Switching is made at the ‘exact’ instant

z F t Can
Fast: C b
be run att a llarger time
ti step
t and
d maintain
i t i
accurate results

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VI Transformers in PSCAD

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PSCAD & Transformers

Available in the PSCAD Master Library:

z Two different models for power Voltage Transformer:

‹ «Classical» models: single and 3phase

‹ «UMEC» models: single and 3 phase

z Current Transformers (JA Model, Lucas Model)

z Coupled capacitor voltage transformer
z Coactively coupled voltage transformer

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Classical Models

Classical models:

z Single phase: 2 or 3 windings

z 3p
phase: 2,3
, or 4 windings,
g , autotransformers
z No mutual coupling between the 3 phases
=> equivalent to 3 single phase units

70

Classical Models

Representing transformers as coupled coils

z Mutual inductance: Flux linkage
z Self inductance: Leakage inductance & Magnetizing
inductance

71

UMEC models

Unified Magnetic Equivalent Circuit:

z Take the geometry of the core
into account (ly,lw,Ay,Aw)

z Mutual coupling between the

different phases are
considered

Equivalent to classical models but the inductances are

dependent of the core dimensions: Lij(ly,lw,Ay,Aw)

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UMEC models

z Single Phase Models:

2,3 or 4 windings

z Three Phase models:

2 windings/phase with
3 or 5 limbs

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Equivalent Circuit

L1,L2: Positive Sequence Leakage reactance

L12 : Magnetizing Inductance
R1,R2: Copper Losses
Iron Losses : Shunt resistance with L12

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Parameters

z Voltages levels at the primary and secondary side

( not only a ratio ! Important for p.u computations)
z Apparent Power (MVA)
z Wi di types
Winding t ( Y or )
z Possibility to modify dynamically the turns ratio during
simulation as a « Tap changer »

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Parameters

z Positive sequence leakage reactance (pu): L1+L2

(from short-circuit test)

z Magnetizing Current (pu): % of rated

current => L12 ((from open-circuit

p test))

z No load losses (pu): Core losses

z Copper losses (pu): resistance of windings : R1+R2

All parameters of the equivalent circuit are defined in per unit

(i.e / Zbase ) :
Zbase=V1*V2 / Sn
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« Ideal Model »

User can select an « ideal » model or not for the transformer:

'Ideal' means that the

magnetizing branch has
been eliminated in the
equivalent circuit:

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Why choosing Ideal Model ?

1) Very small magnetizing current ( << 1%)

=> numerically more efficient and stable to neglect the
magnetizing inductance in the equivalent circuit

2) To consider non linearities in the core, useful for:

‹ Harmonic distorsion studies
‹ Transformer inrush studies
‹ Ferroresonance phenomena studies

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Representing saturation

In PSCAD, saturation is represented with a compensating

current source injection across the selected winding

The magnetizing branch is

replaced by a non linear
magnetizing current source

Flux linkage
λ

Mag. Current

Im1 Im2 79

Saturation in Classical
approach

User define parameters for the curve V (Is):

z Knee voltage (generally 1.15 to 1.25 pu)
z Slope: Air core reactance (generally
2*leakage reactance)
z Dynamic
y a c pa
parameters
a ete s ((Timee co
constants)
sta ts)

80

VII Rotating
g Machines in PSCAD

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Introduction to Electric
Machines
• Induction Machine:
• 2 models: Squirell Cage and Wound Rotor

• DC Machine: 2 winding models

• Synchronous Machine : 2 models available: Wound rotor or Permanent

Magnet model

• Full model of exciters and power system stabilizers can be

associated to synchronous machine

• Turbine and Governors ( Steam, Hydro, Wind) models can be

connected to the machine :
• To compute precisely the mechanical effects
• Multi-mass Model: to model Shaft Torsional effect
82

Electric Machine Simulation

Represented as a system of coupled coils
z eg: Salient pole synchronous machine – 6 coils

Inductance Matrix [L] with rotor position dependent inductances

83

Electric Machine Simulation

The solution is based on admittance matrix:

[i] = [Y] [v]

=> Requires that [L] be inverted at each time step
=> Slow and computational
p inefficiency
y

The inductance matrix is converted from the ‘a-b-c

phase reference frame’ to d-q-0 frame: Park Transformation
z Mathematical transformation

z Symmetrical windings and linearity assumed

z Saturation is represented separately

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Electric Machine Simulation

Machine data for simulation:

z Obtained from tests or given by manufacturer

z In a form suitable to be used in d-q based models:

‹ “Generator
Generator data format
format”:: Classical parameters :
Reactances and Time constants:
‹D axis: Xd,X’d,X’’d,T’d0,T’’d0

‹Qaxis: Xq,X’q,X’’q,T’q0,T’’q0

‹“Equivalent circuit data format”: Reactances and

Resistances for d-axis and q-axis equivalent circuit

85

Shaft Torsional effect modelling

z Interaction of the electrical and mechanical systems

=> Multimass model connected to Synchronous generator

w1 + D1⋅ w1 + D12⋅ ( w1 − w1)

d
T12 − Te := J1⋅
dt

T12 := k12⋅ ( θ 2 − θ 1)

k12⋅ ( θ 2 − θ 1) − Te − D1⋅ w1 := J1⋅

d
w1
dt
86

Synchronous machine
initialization process
• To quickly and smoothly reach the steady state at a desired working point,
user can :
♦ Start the machine in « normal mode » but user has to set the proper
inital conditions: P0,Q0,Ef0,Tm0

♦ Or use the initialization process implemented in PSCAD:

1) Start the machine as a voltage source:
Define V0 and 0 corresponding to the desired working point
(P = 3*E*V* Sin /X), the corresponding Ef0 is computed by PSCAD
2) Then, enable the machine at locked rotor: Ef0 is now an input for
the machine exciter, the corresponding Tm0 is computed
3) Then, enable the machine in « normal » mode, Tm0 is now an
input, the machine mechanical dynamics is enable

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VIII Transmission Lines & PSCAD

88

Transmission Lines

Selection of a suitable model:

z Available data: Geometric data or Parameters
z Speed of simulation: Time step
z Li length:
Line l th From
F severall meters
t to
t hundred
h d d off Kms
K
z Type of study: Fast transient, Low transient, RMS
z Accuracy

89

Representing
Transmission Lines
Equivalent circuit model:

Travelling wave models:

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Equivalent circuit model

R,L

R,L and mutual inductances between wires

Lumped parameters model

Travel time became small

To use for very short lines (compared to time step)
up to several Kms
91

Travelling Waves model

Travelling wave models:

z Propagation delay between sending end and receiving end
z From several to hundred of Kms

z Bergeron Model: Accurate at a single frequency

=> for Rms or low transient studies (fault analysis)

zFrequency dependent models:

accounts for the changes in line parameters due to frequency
- Phase model : Most accurate model available
- Mode model: Older model (available for PSCAD V2
compatibility)

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Travelling wave models

User represents:
z The geometry of the corridor
z Sag, ground wires
z Conductor
Co ducto resistivity
es st ty
z Ground resistivity

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Travelling wave models

Before the global simulation of the system, the parameters of the

lines are computed : Line Constans Programs
z Compute equivalent Shunt admittance Y and Series impedance Z
z Reduced to Nth order Transfer functions
z Curve Fitting for the frequency spectrum chosen by user

For Bergeron model,

Manual entry is possible:

94

IX User Component
p

95

EMTDC:
Simplified Solving Process

t0
Master DYNamics Subroutine DSDYN

Network Solution

t1 =t0+δt
OUTput Subroutine DSOUT

Output plots (meters, graphs)

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EMTDC:
Simplified Solving Process

DSDYN: Solves control systems which will be used for the

electrical network drive at the same time step

Network Solution: Solves electrical systems : [i] = [Y] [v]

DSOUT: Same structure as DSDYN but specific use:

z Solves control systems which will be used for the electrical
network drive at the following time step
z Computes quantities to be displayed in Meters & Graphs

97

Main advantages of EMTDC

structure

1) Possibility to solve cases even if there is no electrical circuits

(only control blocks): only DSDYN& DSOUT subroutines are
used

2) User
U code
d directly
di tl inserted
i t d in
i DSDYN or DSOUT sections:
ti
possibility to use all the existing EMTDC subroutines in order
to design custom components easier

3) With the judicious use of DSDYN or DSOUT, user can decide

to calculate control dynamics using pre or post solution
quantities and avoid unnecessary time step delays

98

Create a component:
General Steps

1) Create a library
2) Define the interface of the component
3) Parameterize your component
4) Define the Code

99

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Create your own Library

First, you can preparate your own library:

Then save it, open the

file and create your
components

100

Create the component

The component wizard is opening:

Indicate:
z The name of the component

z The number of connections

101

Create the component

Indicate:
z The connection name
z The type of the
connection: Electrical or
C t l quantity
Control tit (input
(i t or
output)
z The type of the data:
Logical, Real, Integer
z The dimension (can be an
array of several values)

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Create the component

Confirm...

... then you obtain something like this:

103

Parametrize your component

« Edit Definition »

You access to a new window:

the « component workshop »,
then select the tab « parameters

104

Parametrize your component

Select « New Category »

Choose the name

of your parameter

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Parametrize your component

Define « New control »

Then, choose the type of variable that the user will have
the possibility to enter:
z Text
z Input Field (one value)
z Choice Box

106

Parametrize your component

Specify:
z The elements to be
displayed in the parameter
box (size, title, default
value…..)
z The data type

107

Parametrize your component

If several parameters are created, it is possible to edit or

modify each ones in selecting the corresponding name in
the drop list

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Define the Code

In the component workshop window, select the tab « Script »

The code is organized in different sections called «segment» :

Each segment has its proper

syntax
(based on Fortran & PSCAD
script)

109

Segments

z Fortran: Design code or call subroutines defined in external *.f files

z Branch: To design electrical branches containing R,L or C
z Computations: for precomputations (compiled only at the first time step)
z DSDYN: Fortran code forced in the DSDYN sections,
z DSDOUT Fortran
DSDOUT: F t code
d forced
f d in
i the
th DSDOUT sections
ti
z Transformers: Syntax adapted to simply design mutual impedance matrix
z Checks:
z T-Lines:
z etc….

110

The STORx arrays

The STORx arrays are storage vectors allowing to store

variables at a precise location:

z STORI,STORF,STORL,STORC for integer, real, logical or

complex
p data

z Useful if :
• A variable needs to be available for another time step
• A variable needs to be used in another subroutine

111

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The STORx arrays

To use STORx arrays need to increment the corresponding

NSTORx pointers:
z NSTORI, NSTORF, NSTORL, NSTORC
z Example:
Retrieve values from STORF: Xa = STORF(NSTORF)
Save values in STORF : STORF(NSTORF) = Xb
Increment the pointers: NSTORF = NSTORF + 1

112

X Organizing
g g the Worksheet

113

Create sub_page

When the project becomes enough large, it is interesting

to sudivide it into several pages organized in an
arborescent structure:

Main Page

Subpage 1 Subpage2

Subpage 2_1 Subpage 2_2

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Create sub_page

Operating Mode: Step 1

[Right Click] in the main page, the following menu
appears:

Select « Create New

component »

115

Create sub_page

Step 2: The component wizard is opening:

Indicate:
• the name of the sub-
page

•The number of
connections between the
sub_page and the main
page
•Tick « Page Module

116

Create sub_page

Step 3:
Indicate:
•The connection name
•The type of the connection:
Electrical or Control q
quantity
y
(input or output)
•The type of the data:
Logical, Real, Integer
•The dimension (can be an
array of several values)

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Create sub_page

Step 4 :
Confirm and …….that ’s finished !!

118

Create sub_page

Links between pages : Electrical Nodes

The electrical connections

between a sub_page and the
maini page are realized
li d with
ith the
th
following component called
External Electrical Node :

Note : This electrical node must have the same name as the one
declared during the sub_page creation

119

Create sub_page

Links between pages : Control quantity

Control quantities defined in

the main page (declared as
input during the connection
d fi iti ) has
definition) h to
t be
b imported
i t d
in the sub_page with the
«IMPORT» component

Notes:
1) Above, the imported value is an array of 4 reals
2) Similarly, we use the « export » component to export outputs
in the main page
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XI MATLAB-Simulink interfacing
g

121

Matlab/Simulink Interfacing:
General features

•Cosimulation: Possibility to integrate Matlab files and all

the functionnalities of Simulink toolboxes in a PSCAD
project
•General organization:
•1) Call Matlab files (*.m) or Simulink files (*.mdl) from
the PSCAD workshhet
•2) Need to define a user_component to interfacing
PSCAD & Matlab/Simulink
•3) Both Matlab 5or 6 and a Digital Fortran 90 compiler
should be installed on your PC

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Matlab files Interfacing

Need to define a user_component to

interface PSCAD & MATLAB :

Variable
defined in the Output of the
PSCAD circuit *.m file, sent to
User_component: Send the PSCAD
PSCAD data to a *.mdl file project

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Matlab files Interfacing:

Operating Mode

Step 1: Design the title & connections as any other user

component with the PSCAD component Wizard
Step2 : Good Advice ! Parameterize the Name of the Matlab
p
file and the correspondingg path,
p , then,, the user_component
p
will be more flexible & able to call other files

124

Matlab files Interfacing:

Operating Mode

Step 3: Write the fortran Code

1) Open the « DSDYN » segment

2) Allocate Memory : Exemple with a case with 2 real

inputs A&B and 1 integer ouput C:
#STORAGE REAL:2 INTEGER:1

3)Transfer the input variable to STORF (real) / STORI

(integer) arrays :
STORF(NSTORF) = $A
STORF(NSTORF+1) = $B

125

Matlab files Interfacing:

Operating Mode

4) Call the Matlab Subroutine:

CALL MLAB_INT (« $Path », « $Name », « I R(31) », « R »)

5) Transfer Output variable from STORF/STORI arrays into

the PSCAD output connection node:
$C = STORI(NSTORI)

6) Increment the NSTORF & NSTORI index pointers:

NSTORF = NSTORF + 2
NSTORI = NSTORI + 1

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Simulink files Interfacing

Need to define a user _component to

interface PSCAD & SIMULINK :

Variable
defined in the Output of the
PSCAD circuit *.mdl file, sent to
User_component: Send the PSCAD
PSCAD data to a *.mdl file project

127

Simulink files Interfacing:

Operating Mode

The same as for Matlab files excepted :

1) Call of the SIMULINK SUBROUTINE :

CALL SIMULINK_INT (« $Path », « $Name », « I R(31) », « R »)

2)You do not need to transfer Output variable from

STORF/STORI arrays

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