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Paper Reference(s)

5049/01 Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCSE Team Leader’s use only

Physics
P3 – Topics 5 and 6 Question Leave

Wednesday 11 June 2008 – Afternoon Number Blank

1
Time: 1 hour
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3
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Calculator Nil 4
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6
7
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9

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Do not use pencil. Use blue or black ink.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box ( ). If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then mark your new answer with a cross ( ).
Show all stages in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 60.
There are 20 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in your answers.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
©2008 Edexcel Limited. Turn over
Printer’s Log. No.

N33026A
W850/R1536/57570 6/5/4/2/5000
*N33026A0120*
 FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.

pressure P1 P2
= constant =
temperature (Kelvin) T1 T2

pressure × volume P1 × V1 P2 × V2
= constant =
temperature (Kelvin) T1 T2

kinetic energy = electronic charge × accelerating voltage KE = e × V

work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force W=F×s

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

power of incident radiation P

intensity = I=
area A

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*N33026A0220*
TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 1

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1. (a) What is meant by basal metabolic rate?

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Alistair wants to increase his basal metabolic rate.

Tick all of the methods in the table below which would increase his basal metabolic
rate.

method tick

sleep more

take more exercise

eat less

increase muscle to fat ratio

eat a more balanced diet

(3)

(c) The table shows how Alistair’s body uses his daily energy input.

energy used in % of daily energy input

liver 19

brain 13

heart 5

kidneys 7

skeletal muscle 13

other systems 13

exercise 20

digestion 10

4
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(i) Complete the bar chart to show his daily energy use.

20
percentage of total
daily energy use

10

0
liver brain heart kidneys skeletal other exercise digestion
muscle systems

(1)

(ii) Which of the organs shown uses the least energy each day?

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q1

(Total 6 marks)

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2. Toni is revising her physics for an exam.

Her revision book has the following diagram of a cathode ray tube.

B D
E
A 6Vac G

(a) Which letter shows

(i) the anode,

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) the cathode?

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(b) Complete the following sentences by putting a cross ( ) in the correct box.

anode.

(i) The electron beam is produced by the heated cathode.

screen.

air.

(ii) The inside of the tube contains a gas.

a vacuum.

light waves

(iii) When the electrons hit the screen, microwaves are produced.

radio waves

decrease.
(iv) When the heater current is increased
the number of electrons produced will increase.
stay the same.
(4) Q2

(Total 6 marks)

7
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3. Toni’s notes are incomplete.
She has the following neutron/proton graph for stable isotopes.

130
120
110
100
number of 90
neutrons 80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100

number of protons

(a) Mark with an X on the diagram, the position of an unstable isotope which has too
many neutrons.
(1)
(b) Complete the following sentences by putting a cross ( ) in the correct box.

α particles.

(i) An unstable isotope with too many neutrons decays by emitting β– particles.

β+ particles.

(1)
decreases.

(ii) During this decay the proton number increases.

stays the same.

(1)

decreases.

(iii) During this decay the mass number increases.

stays the same.

(1) Q3

(Total 4 marks)

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4. (a) (i) Explain what is meant by refraction of light.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Complete the following diagram to show the path of a ray of light through an
optical fibre.
An accurate diagram is required.

optical
fibre

ray of
light

(2)

(b) Max has suspected kidney stones.

They cause him a lot of pain.
His surgeon wants to use an endoscope to
examine the kidney stones.

(i) Explain how an endoscope works.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) State why using an endoscope is better than using conventional open-wound
surgery.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q4

(Total 6 marks)

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5. Five years ago Sohanna was diagnosed
with breast cancer.
She had treatment and the cancer went
into remission.

Recently her doctor told her that the

cancer had spread into her neck bones.

She needs palliative therapy.

(a) Explain what is meant by palliative therapy.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Sohanna is given a course of external radiation therapy using a radioactive isotope.
This lasts a few minutes on each of ten consecutive days.

(i) What is the effect of this type of radiation on living matter?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Suggest a reason why Sohanna is treated over ten days instead of being given a
large dose of radiation in one day.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) During the treatment the radiation source is rotated through a full circle around
Sohanna’s neck.
Explain why this is better than keeping the source still.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(c) The radiation physicist has to select a suitable source and radiation type for Sohanna’s
treatment.
These are the sources and half-lives available.

source radiation type half-life

actinium-223 α 2.1 minutes

actinium-227 β 21.7 years

barium-129 γ 2.2 hours

barium-133 γ 10.5 years

thorium-230 α 75 000 years

thorium-233 β 22.3 minutes

(i) Mark with a cross ( ) the correct symbol to complete the following sentence.

The type of radiation which should be used is β

γ
(1)

(ii) Name the source listed in the table that is most suitable for Sohanna’s
treatment.
Give your reasoning.

most suitable source ...............................................................................................

reason ......................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2) Q5

(Total 8 marks)

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6. (a) (i) What is meant by the term fundamental particle?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Other than quarks, name another fundamental particle.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) The table gives the symbols and the charges for up and down quarks.

name symbol charge (e)

2
up quark u +
3
1
down quark d −
3

(i) A proton consists of two up quarks and one down quark.

Show that this accounts for the charge carried by a proton.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Describe the structure of a neutron in terms of up and down quarks.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) In β– decay, a neutron becomes a proton and an electron.

(i) Explain, in terms of quarks, what happens when a neutron becomes a proton.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) What then happens to the electron?

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q6

(Total 7 marks)

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7. (a) Fluorine-18 is a radioactive nuclide used in PET scans.
It is made by bombarding oxygen-18 nuclei with protons.
The equation for this reaction is

18
8
O + 11p = 189F + X

Identify the other product, X, in this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Fluorine-18 decays by emitting positrons.

(i) What is a positron?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Fluorine-18 has a half-life of 110 minutes.

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using a radioactive tracer with
a short half-life.

advantage ...............................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

disadvantage ..........................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

Question 7 continues overleaf

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(c) The detectors in a PET scanner are designed to detect gamma rays. The arrangement
used is shown in the diagram.

radiation
detector

gamma ray

positron electron

gamma ray

radiation
detector

The two gamma rays are produced by the annihilation of a positron and an electron.
Where does the gamma ray energy come from?

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2) Q7

(Total 7 marks)

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8. Phillip noticed that the tyre became harder as he pumped more air into it.

(a) (i) Explain how the air in the tyre produces a pressure.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Suggest why the pressure increases when more air is put in.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) When Phillip had finished pumping up the tyre, the pressure of the air in it was
1.70 × 105 Pa.

During a long journey, the temperature of the air in the tyre increases from 18°C to
22 °C.

Calculate the new pressure of the air in the tyre, assuming the tyre volume did not
change.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

...................... Pa
(3) Q8

(Total 6 marks)

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9. The principle of pulse oximetry is based on the absorption characteristics of oxygenated
and deoxygenated haemoglobin.

The pulse oximeter has two LEDs, one red (R) and one infrared (IR). These shine
electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths through a reasonably translucent site
with good blood flow.

(a) The graph shows the absorption characteristics of oxygenated and deoxygenated
haemoglobin.

red infrared

absorption of
light
oxygenated haemoglobin

deoxygenated haemoglobin

600 700 800 900 1000

wavelength in 10ÿ9 m (nm)

(i) What does LED stand for?

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Use the graph to estimate the two wavelengths used.

red light ..................................................................................................................

infrared light ..........................................................................................................

(2)

(iii) Compare the absorption of the two wavelengths by oxygenated and deoxygenated
haemoglobin.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(b) The diagram shows the LEDs clipped onto a patient’s finger. A photodetector
measures the amount of light that passes through the finger.

A typical arrangement is shown below.

R IR

finger

photodetector

(i) Pulse oximetry is described as a non-invasive method.

Explain what this means.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Light is absorbed by the haemoglobin.
State two other factors which affect the amount of light measured by the
photodetector.

1 .............................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................
(2)

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(iii) The output from the photodetector is shown in the graph below.

not yet attached

attached to finger

light
output

time

Describe and explain the important features of the output.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2) Q9

(Total 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

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