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AC AC
DC Cable
z HVDC Transmission
Back-to-Back Station
Up to 800 MW AC AC
50 Hz 60 Hz
Long Distance Transmission
Up to 3000 MW AC AC
DC line
Long Submarine Transmission
Up to 800 MW AC AC
DC cable
Siemens References in the World of HVDC
1995 1993
Sylmar East
Converter Station Wien Südost
1987 2004
Guizhou-
Virginia Smith Guangdong
2004 1989
Gezhouba-
LAMAR Shanghai
1995 2000
Tianshengqiao-
Welsh Guangzhou
PJM-ISO
Trans Bay Cable Project 2008
z The Project will be a new High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission
system from the generation rich East Bay (PG&E Pittsburg Substation) into
San Francisco (PG&E Potrero Substation)
Cooperative development with City of Pittsburg
z Provides a long-term energy and capacity solution needed in the Greater Bay
Area Grid (SF City Center)
System Data:
PG&E PG&E
San Pittsburg
Potrero
Francisco Pittsburg
Substation Substation
AC/DC 230 kV
AC/DC Undersea DC Cables
115 kV Converter substation
Converter
substation Station
Station
Trans Bay Cable Project – Typical DC Converter Station
Control Building
Valve Hall
AC Cable entry
Spare
DC Hall Transformer
Valve Cooling
Converter Transformer
Capacitor
Bank
Busbar
AC Filter
Trans Bay Cable Project – Aerial View of Project Site in
Pittsburg – Option 1
Trans Bay Cable Project – Aerial View of Project Site in San
Francisco – Option 2
Trans Bay Cable Project
- First Year (2008) Cost $86 million $65 million $65 million
z Enhanced Reliability
Pittsburg – San Francisco line “Completes the Greater Bay
Area (“GBA”) transmission loop”
Development Mgt
Babcock & Brown Dev. Cooperation
Power Operating City of
Partners LLC San Francisco,
Others
Project Owner Dev. Cooperation Lead Agency Consultant
Trans Bay City of City of Lamphier-
Cable LLC Pittsburg Pittsburg Gregory
Siemens Patch
URS Reed Smith LLP Nixon Peabody
& Services Inc.
Pirelli
System 1 System 2
Magnitude of P or Id
controlled depending on
difference in terminal
Equivalent Circuit voltages (U1, U2)
Id R
U1 P U2
Direction of P controlled
depending on polarity of
terminal voltages (U1, U2)
HVDC Terminal
AC AC
System 1 System 2
1 AC Switchyard
3 Converter Transformers
AC AC
filter filter 4 Thyristor Valves
5 Smoothing Reactor
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 DC Cable
Equipment Tasks
AC Switchyard (1)
Connect the terminal to the AC system
DC Cable (6)
Pure Active Power Transmission
Basic Design Process
Design / Specification
Main transmission Data
Pdc Udc Idc etc.
AC-Network
· Load flow study
· Stability study
Main data of converter station (U, I, a, Q)
SimulatorComputer
DC- AC-
Simulation study Harmonics Harmonics
Insulation
Smoothing
coordinati Thyristor reactor DC-Filters DC-Line AC-Filters Converter
on valves transformer
and
arresters
Thyristor Type
Short Circuit Current Capability
Main Data
DC Voltage Vdc and DC Current Idc
Reactive Power Q
Firing Angles α, γ
AC-Bus Voltage (Tap Changers)
Basic Control Functions
ACF ACF
Closed Loop Closed Loop
Control Control
Rectifier Inverter
Ud-Control
ACF Id-Control (Id-Control) ACF
(Ud-Control) (Control
CB Reactive Reactive CB
Power Power
Control Control
Control System
Id
Ud1 Ud2
Firing Firing
control control
Id Ud
Current Voltage
Controller Controller
Iref Uref
3 2 En 3 Id X C U d1 − U d2
U= cos α − Id =
π π R
Thyristor Valves - LTT Housing and Trigger Cable
Advanced Power Electronics
High Reliability
Module
Thyristor
Thyristors Valves - Principle Circuit of a 12-pulse Group
Valve Branch
Optical Signal Transmission from Ground to Thyristors
LG 2
LTT 1
LG 1
LTT 2
LD
LD MSC
LTT n
BH Buchholz Relays
BH BH BH
V VESDA Detectors
V V V
AC Filters and Switchyard
AC Harmonics
Calculation of
Characteristic Harmonics
Non-Characteristics Harmonics due to
- AC-Voltage Unbalance (negative sequence)
- Impedance Unbalance
- Firing Angle Unbalance
Design Basis
Performance Requirements
AC Harmonics
AC System Impedance
Design Criteria
Adequate Design, also for future AC System Change
Thermal Capability for Contingency Operation
Use of same Capacitor Cans (Spare Parts)
Resonance at Low Frequency
AC Filters
Calculation Method
HVDC Station
AC Filters
AC System
AC-Filters
600
500
Q rect.
Q [MVAr]
400
Q filter
300
200
delta Q
100
+80
-100 -80
-200
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4
power in p.u.
Insulation Co-ordination with ZnO-Arresters
Arrester Arrangement
AC-Bus Arrester
Valve Unit Arrester
Valve Group Arrester
DC Line Arrester
Neutral Bus Arrester
Filter Arrester
Arrester Arrangement
8 9 DC Line
AC-Filter Bus Lsmooth
Arr Arr
1 B1 D
C1
3 7
Arr
AC-Bus 2 B2
Arr
L1 6 Fdc Fdc
C
4 Arr
Fachv Arr
A B2
FacIv 5
L2
Arr
Arr Arr
C2 B2
E1 E2
AC-Filter
10 neutral 11
HVDC Control & Protection
HVDC Control and Protection System
Win-TDC*
HMI
Redundancy
is not shown GPS Dispatch
Centre
Opposite
Operator
HMI Remote Inter Station Station
Control Master SER
Clock TFR Control Com-
Level
System Interface munication
LAN
100 MBit/s.
Fiber Optic
Field Bus
Field/
Process I/O Unit
Level Measuring
AC Filter Switch Valves Values
Simatic TDC and modules for preprocessing and the transmission of measured values
via an Optical Measuring Bus (TDM-Bus), trigger set and redundancy management
Win-TDC Controller Software
Only one programming language for all Control and Protection Systems
More than 250 tested and well proven standard function blocks
Graphically configurable
Programming language CFC (Continuous Function Chart)
Win-TDC Measuring System
Cross-Redundant TDM Bus
Remote Access Connection
Siemens Office
Internet
HVDC Station
Interaction Between AC and DC Systems
Overview
Control Control
&protection Telecommunication &protection
system system
Sixpulseconverter
includingthetrigger set
Smoothing
Converter reactor Converter
transformer
DCfilters
DCcable
AC AC
System1 System2
Q GR
500
400
Q filter
300
200
delta Q
100
+80
0
-80
-100
-200
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4
power in p.u.
Steady State Interaction
•Conversion process from AC to DC generates harmonic
currents which flows into the AC system.
Rectifier Inverter
ACvoltage
DCvoltage
DCcurrent
Active power
Reactive power
Interaction During System Faults
Rectifier Inverter
ACvoltage
DCvoltage
DCcurrent
Active power
Reactive power
Enhancements of the Power System using DC Technology
HVDC HVAC MV
• Security of Supply
• Environmental Considerations
• Economic Viability
THE CHOICE OF THE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
2400 MW
600
S
Y D.C.Fluid Filled
S Cable Systems
1250 MW
T 525
E
M Mass-impregnated
1000 MW
D.C. Cable Systems
400
V A.C.Fluid Filled
750 MW
O Cable Systems
300
L
T 230 500 MW
A
G Mass-impregnated D.C.
150 A.C. Extruded or Fluid Filled Cable Systems or
E 200 MW
XLPE Extruded
60 D.C. Cable Systems
(150 KV)
(kV) A.C. Extruded Insulation Cable Systems
10
0 60 80 100 120 140 No Theoretical limit for D.C.
40
ROUTE LENGTH km
A.C. one 3-phase system D.C. one bipole
TYPICAL MASS IMPREGNATED SUBMARINE CABLE
Submarine HVDC
Cable Land HVDC Cable
PRODUCTION RANGE
TURNTABLE
LEAD EXTRUSION
PE SHEATH EXTRUSION
ARMOURING
TURNTABLE
Submarine Cable Laying
Cable Ship – Guilio Verne
Main features
12 Fibre
400 kV dc
Optic
POWER CABLE POWER CABLE
SIG ACCURA
NAL TE
FRO POSI
Metallic Return
M S TIO
ATE NIN
LIT G
EF
OR
POLYPROPYLENE
ROPE
GIULIO VERNE
Bundle configuration,
fastened together with ropes
and straps applied before
approaching the laying
sheave. B004
Hydro-plow Lay & Burial Method
Hydroplow-3
Power Cable Embedment Sled
Shore Crossings - Horizontal Directional Drilling
10 m
F.O.
cable
HVDC cable
DC Cable