Infrastructure of E-governance

Abstract:

E-governance is the application of information & communication technologies

to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational &
transactional exchanges within government, between govt. & govt. agencies of National, State,
Municipal & Local levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use
of information. There are four basic models are available-Government to Customer (Citizen),
Government to Employees, Government to Government and Government to Business. NIC, under
the Department of Information Technology of the Government of India, is a premier Science and
Technology organization Creation of the infrastructure for Information Technology in the entire
country by building NII, SII and LII. National Information Infrastructure is more than just the
physical facilities used to transmit, store, process, and display voice, data, and images.
Infrastructure will serve as information disseminator and feedback/ grievances capture points.
The infrastructure of e-governance in India is mainly based on four types like State Wide Area
Network (SWAN),Data Center,NSDG & Common Service Centers.This paper also contains
diagram showing architecture of e-governance.

Author Name : Baxi Ronak

College Name: SRK Institute of Computer application & Management
Course : SYBCA
E-mail : baxi1213@gmail.com
Phone Number: +91- 9033723920
 Infrastructure of E-governance 2011

Definition:

The model for eGovernance is a one-stop portal, such as www.india.gov.in , where citizens have
access to a variety of information and services. An ideal portal would be one for employment where a
citizen creates a profile and is presented with employment opportunities at the federal, state, local,
non-profit, and private-sectors. Generally four basic models are available-Government to Customer
(Citizen), Government to Employees, Government to Government and Government to
Business,currently websites like monster.com over these services but more often than not users are
required to reenter their information for the specific job.

Institution for Infrastructure: NIC

Institutionally, it could well be valuable to explicitly separate out responsibility for the technical
infrastructure underlying e-governance to a national ICT Infrastructure body which would have
infrastructural responsibilities across all areas of ICT application, not just e-governance. NIC already
exist to carry out the above task. The intention is to ensure that the MIT is not distracted from its work
on strategy, structures and processes, and that it retains the understanding that technology is the
servant of good governance. The ICT Infrastructure body, as well as planning and overseeing the
rollout of technology, would also need to focus on the standards and policies (for example on public
key infrastructure, on interoperability, etc.) needed to make the technology usable.

Backbone Infrastructure

Creation of the infrastructure for Information Technology in the entire country by building NII, SII
and LII. The backbone infrastructure will constitute infrastructure for communication, networking,
data servers etc. It will include infrastructure for linking of blocks with districts, districts with state
capitals and state capitals with National Capital. It will also constitute the leased lines, satellite links,
copper links etc for connectivity. The backbone infrastructure will consist of Local LAN, servers etc.

What Is the NII/ SII/LII ?

National Information Infrastructure is more than just the physical facilities used to transmit, store,
process, and display voice, data, and images. It encompasses:
• A wide range and ever-expanding range of equipment including cameras, scanners, keyboards,
telephones, fax machines, computers, switches, compact disks, video and audio tape, cable,
wire, satellites, optical fiber transmission lines, microwave nets, switches, televisions,
monitors, printers, and much more. The NII will integrate and interconnect these physical
components in a technologically neutral manner so that no one industry will be favored over
any other. Most importantly, the NII requires building foundations for living in the Information
Age and for making these technological advances useful to the public, business, libraries, and
other nongovernmental entities.

• Information is another major component of NII. The information may be in the form of video
programming, scientific or business databases, images, sound recordings, library archives, and

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other media. Vast quantities of that information exist today in government agencies and even
more valuable information is produced every day in our laboratories, studios, publishing
houses, and elsewhere.
• Applications and software that allow users to access, manipulate, organize, and digest the
proliferating mass of information that the NII's facilities will put at their fingertips.
• The network standards and transmission codes that facilitate interconnection and
enteroperation between networks, and ensure the privacy of persons and the security of the
information carried, as well as the security and reliability of the networks.

Delivery Infrastructure

The delivery points will be the Information Kiosks in most cases. These points can be connected to the
nearest server at either district or block. These will serve as information disseminator and feedback/
grievances capture points. These can be used as mail or web browsing facilities as well. The
infrastructure required will constitute PC’s, modem, UPS, Printer, Dial-up / leased line. Information
Kiosks need to be established in Public Places such as shopping centers, post office, railway station,
libraries. PCOs. The delivery infrastructure will include :

• Telephone call centers, using 'intelligent' telephone networks and computer databases to
allow operators to access all relevant data from a single console
• Kiosks equipped to issue licenses and permits, allow payments of benefits and grants, etc.;
• The ability to submit forms and other information on-line, either on the Internet or using
closed' network dial-in lines;
• Digital Television (DTV) interactive services in the home;
• Eliminating the need to submit the same information more than once using front-end systems
to direct information to the appropriate departments from a single form;
• 'One stop shops' in government offices or third party offices (e.g. citizens organizations for the
unemployed, accountants for tax, etc.);
• Integrating government functions with infrastructure of other businesses - bank ATMs,
supermarket checkouts and National Lottery terminals have all been suggested as Possible
outlets for government services.

Infrastructure of E-governance in India:

• SWAN: wide area networks, in a way, create a highway for electronic transfer of information in
the form of voice, video and data. Department of IT in Government of India is implementing an
approved Scheme known as State Wide Area Network (SWAN)

• State Data Centre (SDC): It has been identified as one of the important element of the core
infrastructure for supporting e-Governance initiatives of National eGovernance Plan
(NeGP).Under NeGP, it is proposed to create State Data Centres for the States to consolidate
services, applications and infrastructure to provide efficient electronic delivery of G2G, G2C and
G2B services

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• The National eGovernance Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG): It is an integrated MMP under the
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), can simplify the above task by acting as a standards-based
messaging switch and providing seamless interoperability and exchange of data across the
departments

• Common Service Center: The CSC is a strategic cornerstone of the National e-Governance Plan
(NeGP), as part of its commitment in the National Common Minimum Programme to introduce e-
governance on a massive scale.

Architecture of E-governance:

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Conclusion:
E-governance is the application of information & communication technologies to
transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational &
transactional exchanges within government, between govt. & govt. agencies of National, State,
Municipal & Local levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use of
information. Using e-governance technology the administrative work of the government agencies
becomes easier and flexible. Taking into the limitation of the technology as well as infrastructure still
e-governance is not at the its peak level, but in near future it can be revolution in governance of any
body or any nation.

Refrences:
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.india.gov.in
• www.2dix.com
• www.nic.in
• www.mit.gov.in

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