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Department of Chemical Engineering ?

   

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¦reface................................................................................................................ 3
Graphics .............................................................................................................. 4
Early Operating Systems: .................................................................................... 4
3D User Interface: ............................................................................................... 4
Impacts of Improved Graphics: ........................................................................... 5
Graphic Software ................................................................................................ 5
Types of Graphic software: ................................................................................. 5
¦age Layout .................................................................................................. 5
Image Editing ................................................................................................ 5
Illustration .................................................................................................... 6
Web Design .................................................................................................. 6
Web Animation............................................................................................. 6
¦resentation ................................................................................................. 6
Multimedia ......................................................................................................... 7
Multimedia software: ......................................................................................... 7
Categories of multimedia software: .................................................................... 7
Multimedia software as a teaching tool: ............................................................. 7
Multimedia software as an entertainment: ........................................................ 8
DirectX ................................................................................................................ 8
Conclusive remarks ............................................................................................. 9
References ........................................................................................................ 10

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Early computers used CLI. Those were not user friendly operating systems.
So GUI was developed. In GUI users are not compelled to remember commands
anymore. They are user friendly and can be operated with graphical icons and
pointing devices.

With the adoption of graphics in operating system, a person with no

programming background was able to use a computer system. Many software are
developed to facilitate the users. Software used to create and manage graphics
are termed as graphics software. This is the age of multimedia and the programs
to manage multimedia data in a computer system, multimedia software are used.
Multimedia software are used in many fields from teaching to entertainment.

Multimedia software require a direct access to computer͛s components for

their execution. There were no such issues in DOS. But with the development of
Win95 it became a big problem. So to cope up with this problem a code was
written and was named as DirectX. DirectX is updated by windows regularly.


 
   

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 isual presentation on the computer screens are termed as computer
graphics. Image on the computer screen is formed by a combination of pixels.?The
pixel is the smallest addressable screen element; it is the smallest unit of picture
that can be controlled. Each pixel has its own address.


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Early computers had Command ine nterface ( ). In ? one had to
remember all the commands and reproduce them every time. DOS is the biggest
example of CLI.  operating systems provided a direct access to system͛s
components but they were not user friendly.

To make operating systems user friendly a new interface was introduced. This
new interface used graphics and was named as raphical ser nterface ().
 allows users to interact with programs and computer system in more ways
than typing. It allowed users to use graphic icons and pointing devices to control a
computer system.

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As of 2009, a recent trend in desktop technology is the inclusion of 3D
effects in window management. New effects common to several projects are
scale resizing and zooming, several windows transformations and animations
(wobbling windows, smooth minimization to system tray...), composition of
images (used for window drop shadows and transparency) and enhancing the
global organization of open windows (zooming to virtual desktops, desktop cube,
Exposé, etc.)

These effects are popularized thanks to the widespread use of 3D video cards
(mainly due to gaming) which allow for complex visual processing with low C¦U
use, using the 3D acceleration in most modern graphics cards to render the
application clients in a 3D scene. The application window is drawn off-screen in a
pixel buffer and the graphics card renders it into the 3D scene.

 
   

Examples of 3D user interface software include XGL and Compiz from Novell, and
AIGLX bundled with Red Hat Fedora. Quartz Extreme for Mac OS X and Windows
7's Aero interface use 3D rendering for shading and transparency effects as well
as Expose and Windows Flip and Flip 3D, respectively.  ista uses Direct3D to
accomplish this, whereas the other interfaces use OpenGL.

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Developments in computer graphics have had a profound impact on many
types of media and have revolutionized animation, movies and the video game
industry.

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Software which can be used to create, edit, and manage 2D computer
graphics. These computer graphics may be clip art, Web graphics, logos, headings,
backgrounds, digital photos, or other kinds of digital images.

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¦age layout software uses typography and images such as illustrations and
photos to compose pages for use in books, magazines and other printed items.
The industry leader is Adobe InDesign; it is the standard tool for professional
graphic designers. Quark Xpress, a powerful, designer-friendly layout program
that also offers web functionality. The main competitors are Microsoft ¦ublisher
and Corel Draw Graphics Suite. Microsoft ¦ublisher is less expensive than the
other programs.

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Image-editing software can be used to edit photographs and illustrations, as
well as to create graphics. This type of software is used to manipulate pixel-based
images. Many professional illustrators use image-editing software to add color to

  
   

their illustrations. Adobe ¦hotoshop is the standard image-editing program across

the spectrum of professional design disciplines. Corel Draw Graphics Suite is also
used for image editing. Corel offers ¦aint Shop ¦ro as an entry-level image-editing
program at an attractive price.

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Illustration software can be used to create illustration, storyboards and
graphics, including specialized, unique typography. Illustration programs create
images based on vector graphics.  ector graphics have the advantage over pixel-
based graphics in that they can be rescaled to a larger size with no loss of
resolution, maintaining the quality of the image. The leading illustration program
is Adobe Illustrator. Corel Draw Graphics Suite has a loyal following of
professional illustrators and designers. This unique product offers vector-based
illustration capability, along with image-editing and page layout featuresm

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Web design software is used to create websites. While web design software
creates and edits html code for websites, most web design software programs
allow the user to work with typography, images and other files while it
automatically generates the code. Microsoft offers the attractively priced
Expression Web program and the more expensive Expression Studio, aimed at
web professionals. Adobe offers Dreamweaver, the industry standard web design
program.

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Web animation software can be used to create animated clips for websites,
interactive buttons and gadgets for websites, entire websites and even animated
pieces for use outside the Web. Adobe Flash is the leading web animation
program. For three-dimensional animation, the gamut runs from entry-level
programs such as Strata 3D and Corel Bryce 3D to industry leader Maya 3D.

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Graphics presentation software is used to create graphics that are to be
projected for an audience, for example at a lecture or business presentation. The

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leading presentation program is Microsoft ¦ower¦oint. Open Office Impress.

Other competitors in the field include Apple Keynote and Google ¦resentation.
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Computer-delivered electronic system that allows the user to control,
combine, and manipulate different types of media, such as text, sound, video,
computer graphics, and animation.

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Multimedia software is used for electronic publishing and electronic games
and in employee-training programs.

The use of multimedia software in daily life is becoming very common.

Multimedia software are used in teaching and as an entertainment too.

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Multimedia software can be classified into two categories which are:

ë? Linear
ë? Non-linear

 ideos, movies, animations, sound tracks etc which do not require

interaction of user are categorized under Linear category.

 ideo games and similar software which require a constant interaction of

user for video feedback are categorized under non-linear category.

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Microsoft ¦ower¦oint is the widely used multimedia software. It is used by
teachers and students alike. Most of the presentations are given on this software.
Usage of multimedia software saves time, inspires students and prevents things
from getting boring.

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 ideo games, movies, songs and animations are all the gifts and results of
multimedia software.

Software is useless without a proper hardware. So with the passage of time

and development of games and videos hardware was also developed. 3d cards
are becoming very common nowadays and most of the multimedia software
require a 3d card for their execution. Multimedia software for windows can do
nothing if they are not allowed a direct access to the computer͛s components. To
cope up with this problem Microsoft releases a software with a name of ͞ù
in regular intervals.

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Microsoft DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces
(A¦Is) for handling tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and
video, on Microsoft platforms.

DirectX is also used by other software applications for visualization and

graphics tasks such as CAD/CAM engineering.

DOS allowed direct access to video cards, keyboards, mice, sound devices,
and all other parts of the system, while Windows 95, with its protected memory
model, restricted access to all of these, working on a much more standardized
model. Microsoft needed a way that would let programmers get what they
wanted. Directx was developed that allowed the programmers a direct access to
the computer components.

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What is graphics? How are the modern computers different from older
computers? What is multimedia software? These are some of the questions I tried
to answer in the former pages.

Nowadays operating systems being developed are very user friendly. A

person having no programming background can easily use a computer system
thanks to graphical user interface. Development of multimedia software have
removed the concept of computers being boring. Now people can enjoy games
and movies on their computer sets.

In short, development of different graphic and multimedia software have

facilitated our lives in many aspects some of which are:

ë? User interface
ë? Entertainment
ë? Teaching
ë? Industry

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ë? A History of GUI by Jeremy Reimer. Arstechnica.com

ë? Types of graphic software by Sue Chasten. About.com
ë? About Directx. Gamesforwindows.com

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