Group 6 – Chapter 2

1. Nguyen Dinh Thanh

2. Le Bich Thuy
3. Le Ngoc Diep
4. Vu Thi Lan
5. Le Thuy Duong

Câu 12: What is elision in English? Give a few examples for illustration.
- The elision is a phenomenon that some certain notional words may lose some of
their sounds ( vowels or consonants). Or we can say, it is the omission of sounds,
syllables or words in speech.
- When we use the elision in speaking, it made language easier to say, and faster.
- Elision is common in casual conversation.
- Producing elisions is something which foreign students do not need to learn to do,
but it is an important area in listening skills, as learners are often unable to hear
elided words correctly, especially if they have little contact with native speakers,
so that they have to understand and aware it well.
* Example:
1. Many consonants go together:

Word Origin Elision

handsome /ˈhændsəm/ /ˈhænsəm/
postman /ˈpəʊstmən/ /ˈpəʊsmən/
hard disk /hɑ:dˈdɪsk/ /hɑ:ˈdɪsk]
kept calling /kɛptˈko:lɪŋ/ /kɛpˈko:lɪŋ/
at least twice /əˌtli:stˈtwaɪs/ /əˌtli:sˈtwaɪs/
straight towards /stɹeɪtˈtʊwo:dz/ /stɹeɪˈtʊwo:dz/
next to /nɛkstˌtʊ/ /nɛksˌtʊ/
seemed not to notice /`:mdˌnɒttəˈnəʊtɪs/ /ˈsi:mˌnɒtəˈnəʊtɪs/
for the first time /fəðəˌfɜ:stˈtaɪm/ /fəðəˌfɜ:sˈtaɪm/

2. Omit the weak sound behind the consonant / p /, / t /, / k /

Word Origin Elision

potato / pə'teitəʊ/ / p'teitəʊ /
canary / kə'neəri / /k'neəri /

comfortable / 'kʌmfətəbl / / 'kʌmftəbl /

fifth / fifθ / / fiθ /
chocolate / 't∫ɒkələt / / 't∫ɒklət /

Câu 13: What is linking in English? Supply some examples for illustration.
- When native speakers talk, they don’t pause between words. They pronounce
whole phrases and even sentences as one continuous sound. If you want to speak
English more fluently and sound more natural, you should try to do this too. There
are many pronunciation points you need to study, but today we’re going to look at
just one very important point: Linking.

* Linking is how you connect words when you speak, so that two words are
pronounced together.

1. Supply some examples for illustration.

* Linking Two Consonants:

When you say “ that time ”, what happens?

How many times do you pronounce /t/?

The answer: just once. The two words ‘share’ the /t/ sound: that_time.
Can you link the words?

* When one word ends with a consonant sound, and the next word starts with
the same consonant sound, we link the sounds.

For example:

red_dress → we have two /d/ sounds together, so the two words share the
sound: red dress.

cheap_places → we have two /p/ sounds together, so again the two words share
the sound: cheap places.

feel lucky → the two words share the /l/ sound: feel lucky.

Let’s put them in a sentence:

She bought a really nice red dress last week.

Do you know any cheap places to stay in Barcelona?

I feel lucky—let’s play poker!

Câu 14: To the best of your knowledge, can you do a contrastive analysis on the
level of suprasemental units between English and Vietnamese? Why do you
focus on it/them?
English Vietnamese
- Intonation, rhythm, word stress - Tones
- Elision, linking, assimilation… - English intonation by the
- English intonation spoken by the Vietnamese….
English…

For example : diffirent about intonation by the English and Vietnamese

 Intonation by the English
There are two basic patterns of intonation in English: falling intonation and
rising intonation.
In the following examples a downward arrow (➘) indicates a fall in intonation
and an upward arrow (➚) indicates a rise in intonation.

+) Falling Intonation (➘)

(The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the sentence.)

Ex: Write your name ↘here. ( Command situiation)

+) Rising Intonation (➚) 
((The pitch of the voice rises at the end of a sentence.)

Ex: Do you like your new ➚teacher? ( Yes/No question situiation)

+) Fall-Rise Intonation (➘➚)
(The voice falls and rises usually within one word.)

Ex: So you'd be willing to confirm that? ...Well ... I ➘sup➚pose so ...

(Hesitation/reluctance situation)

 Intonation in Vietnamese

Like Thai and Chinese but unlike English, each monosyllabic word unit
has one lexical tone that restricts the meaning of the syllable, i.e., the same
syllable from a segmental point of view conveys different meanings
depending on the different tone it bears

For example, the syllable [ta] means a variety of things

word tone Diacritics Meaning

Ta Level Me/us
Tá Rising( sắc) / Twelve
Tạ Low broken( nặng) . 100 kg/ weight
Tã High broken ( ngã) ~ napkin
Tả Curve (hỏi) ˀ Diarrhea
 Tà Falling ( huyền) \ Evil

Vietnamese can be subdivided into three main dialects corresponding to

three major geographical regions of Vietnam including the North, the South
and the Centre, among which Hanoi Vietnamese (of the North) is considered
the standard dialect.