\

frac
{\par
ti
aln_{
e}}
{\par
ti
alt
}+\
frac
{\par
ti
al
\l
eft
(n_{
e}u_{
e}\
ri
ght
)}{
\par
ti
alx
}=0

\
frac
{\par
ti
aln_{
i}
}{\
par
ti
alt
}+\
frac
{\par
ti
al
\l
eft
(n_{
i}u_{
i}
\ri
ght
)}{
\par
ti
alx
}=0

\l
eft
(\f
rac{
\part
ial
}{
\part
ial
t}+u_{
i}\
frac
{\part
ial
}
{\part
ialx}
\ri
ght
)
u_{
i}
=\frac
{1}
{m_{i
}}
\l
eft
(Q_{i
}\fr
ac{\
parti
al\emptyset
}{\par
ti
alx}
+\et
a_{
i}\
frac
{\par
ti
al
^{
2}
u_{
i}
}{\
parti
alx^{
2}}\
ri
ght)

0=\fr
ac {
1}
{m_{e}}\
left[
Q_{e}\f
rac{
\parti
al\emptyset}
{\par
ti
alx
}-\f
rac
{1}
{n_{
e}}\f
rac{\
par t
ial
P_{e}
}{\parti
alx}
+\frac{\
hbar^{
2}}{
2m_{ e}}\f
rac{
\parti
al
}{
\par
tial
x}\l
eft
(\f
rac
{1}
{\s
qrt{n_{e}
}}
\f
rac{\part
ial
^{2}\sqrt{
n_{e}
}}{
\part
ial
x^{2}}
\ri
ght)\
ri
ght]

\
frac
{\par
ti
al
^{
2}\
empt
yset
}{\
par
ti
alx
^{2}
}=4\
pi\
lef
t(
Q_{
e}n_{
e}+Q_{
i}n_{
i}
\ri
ght
)

P_{e}
=\l
eft
(\pi
m_{e}
^{4}c^
{5}/3h^{
3}\ri
ght)
\l
eft
[R_{
e}\
lef
t(
2R_{
e}^
{2}
-3\
ri
ght
)
\sqrt
{1
+R_{
e}^{
2}}
+3\sinh^{
-1
}R_{
e}\
right]

where,
$R_{ e}$isrel
ati
vi
typar ametergi
venby$R_{e}=p_{F_{
e}}/m_{e}c=$$\l
eft
[3h^{
3}
n_{
e}/8\ pim_{e}^{3}c^
{3}
\right]
^{1/3}
=R_{e0}n_{e}
^{1/3}$wit
h$R_{e0}=\l
eft
(n_{
e0}/
n_{
0}\r
ight)
^ {
1/3}$and$n_{ 0}=8\pim_{e}
^{3}c
^{3}/3h^ {
3}\approx5.9\t
imes10^{
29}
\mathr
m{ c
m} ^{-
1}$

Now,f
orul
tr
a-rel
ati
vis
ticdegener
acyi.
e.$\quadR_{
e}\ r
ight
arr
ow\
inf
ty,
$ul
tr
arel
ati
vi
sti
c
el
ect
rondegeneracypressur
e$\lef
t(
P_{e}
\ri
ght)
$isreducedto

P_{
e}=\
frac
{1}
{8}
\l
eft
(\f
rac
{3}
{\pi
}\
ri
ght
)^{
1/3}hcn_{
e}^
{4/3}

Nor
mal
i
zat
ion

\
begi
n{ar
ray
}{l
l
l
}

\
mathrm{x}\
ri
ght
arrowx\omega_{e}/V_{Fe}&\
mat
hrm{
t}\
ri
ght
arr
owt\
omega_{
e}&
\
phi
\ r
ight
arr
owe\ phi/2K_{
B}T_{
Fe}\ \

n_{j
}\ri
ght
arr
own_{j}/n_{
0}&u_{j
}\r
ight
arr
owu_{ j
}/V_{
Fe}&P_{
e}\
ri
ght
arr
ow
\f
rac{1
}{
8}\
lef
t(
\fr
ac{
3}{\
pi}
\ri
ght
)^{
1/3}hcn_{e}
^{4/3}\\

\
eta_{
i}\
ri
ght
arr
ow\
lef
t(
\fr
ac{
\omega_{
e}}
{m_{
ev_{
Fe}
^{2}
}}\
ri
ght
)\et
a_{
i}&&

\
end{
arr
ay}

Wher
e
$\omega_{e}=\sqr
t{4\pin_{
0}e^{2}/m_{e}};
$elect
ronpl
asmafr
equency$V_{
Fe}=\s
qrt
{2
K_{B}T_{
Fe}/m_{ e}};
$F er
mithermalspeedforel
ect
rons$T_{
Fe}
=$F er
mitemper
atur
eof
el
ec t
rons$K_{B}
=1.
38\times10^{
-23};
$Boltzmannconst
ant

\
frac
{\par
ti
aln_{
e}}
{\par
ti
alt
}+\
frac
{\par
ti
al
\l
eft
(n_{
e}u_{
e}\
ri
ght
)}{
\par
ti
alx
}=0

\
frac
{\par
ti
aln_{
i}
}{\
par
ti
alt
}+\
frac
{\par
ti
al
\l
eft
(n_{
i}u_{
i}
\ri
ght
)}{
\par
ti
alx
}=0

\
left
(\f
rac
{\part
ial
u_{i
}}
{\part
ialt
}+u_{
i}\fr
ac{\
part
ialu_{
i}
}{\par
ti
alx}\r
ight)
=\mu\l
eft(
Z_{i
}
\
frac{
\part
ial
\empt y
set}
{\parti
alx}
+\eta_{i
}\f
rac
{\parti
al
^{2}u_{i
}}
{\part
ialx^
{2}
}\r
ight)

0=\f
rac{\par
ti
al\empt y
set}{\
par t
ialx}
+\al
phan_{e}^
{-2/3}\frac{
\par
ti
aln_{
e}}
{\par
ti
alx
}-
\f
rac{
H^ {
2}}{
2}\fr
ac {
\part
ial
}{\parti
alx}
\l
eft
(\f
rac
{1}
{\sqr
t{n_{
e}}}\f
rac
{\par
ti
al
^{2}
\sqr
t{n_{
e}}}
{\part
ialx^
{2}}\
ri
ght )

\
frac
{\par
ti
al
^{
2}\
sigma}
{\par
ti
alx
^{2}
}=\
lef
t(
Z_{
i}n_{
i}
-n_{
e}\
ri
ght
)

where,
$\mu=m_{
e}/m_{i
};$rati
ot oel
ectr
ontoionmass$\al
pha=\
frac
{\hbarcn_{0}
^{1/
3}
}{1
2\pim_{
e}V_{
Fe}^
{2}}
\lef
t(
\frac{
3}{
\pi
}\r
ight
)^{
1/3};
$adimensi
onall
essparameter

associ
atedtoequil
i
bri
umpar t
ic
lenumberdensit
yandF ermithermals
peedforel
ect
rons
$H=\hbar\omega_{e}/2K_{B}T_{Fe};
$anondi mensionalquant
umparameterwhic
his
rat
ioofenergyassoci
atedtoelementar
yexci
tati
onofelectr
onplasma,$\
hbar
\omega_{e}$toFermiener
gy,$2K_ {
B}T_{
Fe}$

Per
urbat
ion

\
lef
t[\
begi
n{mat
ri
x}

{
{n}
_{j
}}\
\

{
{u}
_{j
}}\
\

\
phi\
\

\
end{
mat
ri
x}\
ri
ght
]=\
lef
t[\
begi
n{mat
ri
x}

1\
\

{
{u}
_{0}
}\\

{
{\phi
}_{
0}}\
\
\
end{
mat
ri
x}\
ri
ght
]+\
eps
il
on\
lef
t[\
begi
n{mat
ri
x}

n_{
j}
^{(
1)
}\\

u_{
j}
^{(
1)
}\\

{
{\phi
}^{
(1
)}
}\\

\
end{
mat
ri
x}\
ri
ght
]+{
{\eps
il
on}
^{2}
}\l
eft
[\begi
n{mat
ri
x}

n_{
j}
^{(
2)}\
\

u_{
j}
^{(
2)}\
\

{
{\phi
}^{
(2)
}}\
\

\
end{
mat
ri
x}\
ri
ght
]+\
ldot
s

Eq1
4

\f
rac{
\muZ_{i}^
{2}
}{\
lef
t(
\omega-ku_{
0}\r
ight
)\l
eft
(\omega-
2ku_{
0}+i
\mu\
eta_{
i}
k^{
2}\r
ight
)}-
\fr
ac{
12}{
3H^{2}k^
{4}+4\al
phak^{2}
}=1

\
begi
n{ar
ray
}{l
}

A=\
omega-
u_{
0}k_{
x}\
\

B=u_{
0}k_{
y}\
\

C=2u_{
0}k_{
x}-
\omega+2\
mu\
eta_{
i}k_{
x}k_{
y}\
\

D=2u_{
0}k_{
y}-
\mu\
eta_{
i}k_{
x}^
{2}
+\mu\
eta_{
i}k_{
y}^
{2}\
\

E=\l
eft
(k_{x
}^{
2}-
k_{y}
^{2}
\ri
ght)
\l
eft
(3H^{2}k_{
x}^
{2}
-3H^
{2}k_{
y}^
{2}
+4\
alpha\
ri
ght
)-
12\
lef
t(
H^ {
2}k_{x
}^{
2}k_{y}
^{2}
-1
\ri
ght)\
\

F
=12H^
{2}
\l
eft
(k_{
x}^
{2}
-k_
{y}
^{2}
\ri
ght
)k_{
x}k_{
y}+8\
alphak_{
x}k_{
y}\
\

G=\muZ_{i
}^
{2}\
lef
t\{
\l
eft
(k_{x}
^{2}
-k_{y
}^{
2}\
ri
ght)
\l
eft
(3H^
{2}k_{
x}^
{2}
-3H^
{2}k_{
y}^
{2}
+4
\al
pha\
ri
ght)-
12H^{
2}k_{
x}^{2}k_{y
}^{2}
\ri
ght
\}\\

L=\l
eft
\{1
2H^
{2}
\l
eft
(k_{
x}^
{2}
-k_{
y}^
{2}
\ri
ght
)k_{
x}k_{
y}+8\
alphak_{
x}k_{
y}\
ri
ght
\}\
mu
Z_{
i}
^{2}

\
end{
arr
ay}

Eq1
8

\
omega=k\ l
eft
(\f
rac
{3}
{2}u_{
0}+\
frac
{1}
{2}\
sqr
t{9u_{
0}^
{2}
+\f
rac
{4}
{3}\
muZ_{
i}
^{2}
\
alpha}
\ri
ght)

\
begi
n{ar
ray
}{l
}
X=[
PE-
F(B+D)
]/2E\
\

Y=[
B(DE+PF
)+G]/E\
\

P=u_{
0}k_{
x}+2\
mu\
eta_{
i}k_{
x}k_{
y}

\
end{
arr
ay}

\
omega=u_{
0}k_{
x}+X+\
sqr
t{X^
{2}
+Y}

________________________

KdVB

\
begi
n{ar
ray
}{l
}

\
xi=\
eps
il
on^
{1/2}
\l
eft
(x-
v_{
0}t
\ri
ght
)\\

\
tau=\
eps
il
on^
{3/2}t\
\

\
eta_{
i}
=\eps
il
on^
{1/2}\
eta_{
0}

\
end{
arr
ay}

\
frac{
\par
ti
al\psi
}{
\part
ial\
tau}+N\psi\
frac
{\part
ial\psi
}{
\part
ial
\xi
}+D\
frac
{\par
ti
al
^{
3}
\
ps i
}{
\par
ti
al\
x i
^{
3}}-
V\frac{
\part
ial
^{
2}\psi
}{\par
tial
\ x
i^{
2}}
=0

\
begi
n{ar
ray
}{l
}

N=\
frac
{\muZ_{
i}
}{2\
lef
t(
u_{
0}-
v_{
0}\
ri
ght
)}\
lef
t(
3-\
frac
{2Z_{
i}
}{3}
\ri
ght
)\\

D=\f
rac{\
lef
t(v_{0}
-u_{
0}\
ri
ght
)^{
3}}
{2\
muZ_{
i}
^{2}
}-
\fr
ac{
H^{
2}Z_{
i}
^{2}
}{8\
lef
t(
v_{
0}-
u_{
0}\r
ight)
}\ \

V=\
frac
{\et
a_{
0}}
{2}

\
end{
arr
ay}