7.

Interpretation of the lab result (except urinalysis) (adiba)

Renal Profile • BUSE (Blood Urea Serum • Urea and electrolytes are carried out routinely
Electrolyte) (Normal) on serum or plasma samples.
• Serum creatinine (Normal) • It was normal and indicates that this patient does
not have electrolyte imbalance and renal failure.
• Serum creatinine measurements are used to
calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate
(eGFR), which is used as a screening test to look
for evidence of kidney damage.

Serum uric • 600 μmol/L (High) • Male: 2.1 to 8.5 mg/dL (likely higher with age)
acid level • Female: 2.0 to 7.0 mg/dL (likely higher with age)
• Uric acid formation may occur when the blood
uric acid level rises above 7 mg/dL.
• Increased concentrations of uric acid can cause
crystals or kidney stones that can damage the
kidneys.
• Uric acid stones compose <5% of all urinary
calculi and are usually found in men.
• Most patients with uric acid calculi, however, do
not have hyperuricemia.

KUB • A right ureteric stone is present. • The KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) study is a
• The tip lumbar transverse process diagnostic test used to detect kidney stones and to
noted. diagnose some gastrointestinal disorders.
• The right kidney shadow appears • The KUB is also used as a follow-up procedure
larger than normal. after the placement of devices such as ureteral
stents and nasogastric or nasointestinal tubes
(feeding tubes) to verify proper positioning.
 • Normal KUB showing contrast opacified
ureters.
• Note the course of the ureters lateral to the
lumbar spine overlying the psoas muscles
proximally, crossing over the sacrum, and
curving laterally in the pelvis before turning
medially to insert in the urinary bladder. Due to
peristalsis, the ureter may not be visible in its
entirety.

Left Ureter Stone

Left Distal Ureter Stone

A KUB film shows a radiopaque lesion over left

paraspinal area, indicating a large ureteral stone.
Intravenous • There is hydronephrosis of the • IVP (intravenous
Urogram right with two kidney stones
noted at the pelvis; each measures
1.0cm in diameter.
• The left kidney is normal.
• There is also a ureteric stone
measuring 0.5cm in diameter seen
at the pelvi-ureteric junction.
pyelogram or intravenous
urogram (IVU) is the same test by another name)
which requires about 50 ml of a special dye to be
injected into the bloodstream that is excreted by
the kidneys and by its density helps outline any
stone on a repeated X-ray.
• These can also be detected by a retrograde
pyelogram where similar "dye" is injected directly
into the ureteral opening in the bladder by a
surgeon, usually an urologist.
Normal excretory phase of an IVU (intravenous
urogram). This film was taken approximately 10
minutes following IV injection of iodinated contrast
material. The kidneys are excreting contrast into non
dilated calyces (arrows), renal pelvis (p), ureters (*)
and bladder (B).
 Dilation of Right
Renal Pelvis and
Calyces

Pyelo-ureteric Junction Obstruction Shows as

Dilation of Right Renal Pelvis and Calyces

References:
www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/soph/centres/goodfellow/_images/right2_calculus_PUJ
www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html
www.pathology.leedsth.nhs.uk/pathology/ClinicalInfo/CommonTestsInvestigations/Urea
andElectrolytes.aspx