Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
In order to avoid protest from environmentalists and those who live along
the planned trajectory, it is recommended to inform the public about all issues
concerning the planning of the new transmission line. The visibility of
overhead lines is high.
AC system
Subestations
Transmission lines
Transformers
LV networks
Underground AC cables
S. Cole, D. Van Hertem, L. Meeus and R. Belmans “The influence of renewables and
international trade on investment decisions in the grid of the future”, International
Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality (ICREPQ’06), Palma de Mallorca
(Spain), April, 2006.
Donsión
HVDC-Converter-Station (ABB)
Donsión
HVDC operating experience is limited but many new systems are being built worldwide.
AC Filter. DC Filter
Control
System
AC Filter. DC Filter
Control
System
Donsión Also DC filters circuits have to be used. Beside active harmonic filters cab
be supplement to passive filters due to their better perfomance.
The surge arrester, which main task is to protect the equipment of over-
voltages.
DC transmission circuit, which include DC transmission line, cable, high
speed DC switches and earth electrode.
Control and protection,
24/08/2007 VIGO (Spain)
HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission)
H
T
S
ca
bl
es
VSC HVDC
VSC HVDC provides full power control, both active and reactive. As
such, VSC HVDC is perfectly suited for the connection of intermittent
energy sources such as wind. Also black-start and energizing passive
Donsión AC systems become possible. Also, commutation failures do not
occur.
VSC HVDC
The overall cost of VSC converter stations is higher than for LCC
stations, primarily due to technology costs. However, VSC HVDC
transmission is an emerging technology. Technical breakthroughs
and increased market introduction will push down the costs. This
will bring about a change in the cost function advantageous to VSC
HVDC technology.
MONOPOLAR SYSTEM:
Donsión
–One High Voltage conductor
–Current return through ground
–Comparatively low cost (Economical advantages).
–In some countries is not permitted due to the pipes
and underground metalic objects corrrosion.
Pole 1
Pole 2
A Terminal Transmission B Terminal
line
BIPOLAR SYSTEM:
Donsión –Two conductors, positive and negative polarity
–Mid point connected to ground
–Normal use, the current flow through the two High
Voltage conductors without use the ground current.
–Fault in one conductor of durinf maintenance, the system
can transmit almost the half power like monopolar system.
In general, for to iniciate the design of a HVDC system are requiered basic
parameter such as:
Distance of transmission
Voltage levels
Temporary and continuous overload
Status of the network on the receiving end
Environmental requirements, etc
Donsión
For tendering purposes a conceptual design is done following a technical
specification or in close collaboration between the manufacturer and the
customer.
The final design and specifications are the result of the tendering and
negociations with the manufactures/suppliers.
The term operation denotes the continual activities that are aimed at
keeping the system availability at designed levels, modern HVDC links can
be operated remotely, in view of the semiconductor and microprocessor
based control system included. Modern HVDC system are designed to
operate completely unmanned. This feature is particularly important in
situations or countries where skilled people are few, and these few people
can operate several HVDC links from one central location.
Donsión
Cost structure
8% 5% 20%
10%
14% 16%
10% 7% 10%
General Characteristics
Cost (M€)
900
Total AC cost
800
400 Losses
DC line cost .
300
200
Donsión AC line cost
100 DC terminal cost
0 AC terminal cost
Distance
(km)
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
HVAC-HVDC cost
24/08/2007
VIGO (Spain)
HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission)
General Characteristics
24/08/2007
HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission)
General Characteristics
General Characteristics
5) Controllability. One of the fundamental advantages with HVDC is that
it is very easy to control the active power in the link.
24/08/2007
HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission)
Transmission:
LOCATION PARÁMETERS CHOICE REASONS
Itaipú, 600MW, ±600kV -distance
Brasil 1984 785km + 805km -convertion 50/60Hz
Leyte – Luzón, 440 MW, 350kV -underwater transmission
Filipinas 1994 430km + 21km
Rihand-Delhi, 1500MW, ±500kV -distance
India 1990 814km -estability
Gotland, 50MW, ±80kV -Environmental aspect
Suecia 1999 70km -Power quality supply
Donsión
TransÉnergie, 180MVA (3x 50MW) -Environmental aspect
Australia 2000 ±80kV -Supply for short time
65km
Distribution:
Gothenburg (Sweden): LV. Office suply
DC Distribution – Industrial power systems
- U.S.A navy. Harbour electric power
24/08/2007 VIGO (Spain)
HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission)
Donsión
Future trends
HVDC technology will play an important role in the coming decades due
to the availability of new high-power semiconductors with fast switching
capabilities that allow extremely compact installations. Important
breakthroughs in HVDC technology are resulting in the HVDC system
approach beginning to be applied to the distribution grid levels. Hence,
within the next few years the economical power range of HVDC systems is
expected to fall to just a few MW, and to voltage levels typical of the MV
distribution grid.
Untill now, AC/DC converter technology has been too expensive for
Donsión routine use in utility MV distribution systems. Technical innovations are
changing this situation and making the replacement of even a typical 50-Hz
MV/LV distribution transformer in the lower power range (100 kW to 2
MW per unit) by a high-frequency switched ‘electronic transformer’
economically feasible. The power electronic based transformer can operate
either off an AC MV input (three-phase or single-phase) or a DC MV input.
The system enables load balancing and guarantees low harmonic current
distortion.
24/08/2007 VIGO (Spain)
HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission)
Small distributed
Generation units
Future trends
Donsión
Future trends