ACID BASE

Definition of Acid-Base

Indicator :

Among these acid-base compounds below, which ones are classified into
polyprotic acid base? (C1, K1)

NaOH

Ca(OH)2

H3PO4

HCl

CH3COOH

Answer : c. H3PO4 (aq) → 3H+ (aq) + PO43-(aq)

Σ ion H+ = 3 (polyprotic ions)

Identifying Acid-Base Solutions by Indicator

Solution Litmus Color after

Dipping
Red Blue

I √ -

II - √

III √ -

IV - √

According to the data, solutions included into acid group are

I and II

I and III

II and III

II and IV

III and IV

Answer :
 ACID AND BASE

DEFINITION OF ACID-BASE

Based on Arrhenius theory, a substance is classified into base if ....

It will ionize in water

It will release H+ ion in water

It will release OH- in water

It can give protons

It can accept pair of electrons

The acid conjugate from HSO4- is ....

H2SO4

SO42-

H 2O

OH-

H3O+

HClO4 compound can be acidic or basic. Reaction showing HClO4 as

 basic is ....

HClO4 + NH2- ClO4- + NH3

HClO4 + NH3 ClO4- + NH4+

HClO4 + H2O ClO4- + H3O+

HClO4 + OH- ClO4- + H2O

HClO4 + N2H5+ H2ClO4 + N2H4

In NH3 dissolving, it will occur equilibrium :

NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

The one which is the pair of acid base conjugate is ....

NH3 and H2O

NH4+ and OH-

NH3 and OH-

NH2- and NH3

H2O and OH-

IDENTIFYING ACID-BASE SOLUTIONS BY INDICATORS

Use the following data to answer no. 5 and 6

Solution Litmus Color after

Dipping
Red Blue

I √ -

II - √

III √ -

IV - √

Solutions included into acid group are ....

I and II
 I and III

II and III

II and IV

III and IV

Solutions included into base group are ....

I and II

I and III

II and III

II and IV

III and IV

ACID-BASE STRENGTH

The following is the experiment result of electrical conductivity of some

solutions.

Substance Lamp Other Observations

1 Bright light Much bubbles

2 Dim light Much bubbles

3 Dim light Much bubbles

4 No light A little bubbles

5 No light No bubble

According to the data, the strong acid solution is ....

The dissociation constant of a weak acid is 10-7. If the acid solution has
pH = 4, its concentration is ....

10-1 M

10-3 M
 10-4 M

10-5 M

10-7 M

0.1 of MOH as a weak base has pH = 10. The base constant of MOH
is ....

10-9 M

10-7 M

10-4 M

10-3 M

10-2 M

500 mL of 0.0005 M Ca(OH)2 solution has pH ....

11

10

A group of students do the experiment in laboratory to test the acidity

of a solution by using indicators.

Data of the indicators are as follows.

Indicators pH Range Color Changes

Methyl red 3.1 – 4.4 Red-yellow

Bromocresol green 3.8 – 5.4 Yellow-blue

Bromothymol blue 6.0 – 7.6 Yellow-blue

Phenolphthalein 8.0 – 10.0 Colorless-pink

If the pH balue is 7.8, the pair of indicators that have been used
are ....

Bromocresol green and bromothymol blue

Methyl red and bromocresol freen

Bromothymol blue and phenolphthalein

Methyl red and bromothymol blue

 Bromocresol green and phenolphthalein

Universal indicator paper is dipped into a weak acid solution 0.1 M of

HA. The color solution is similar to the universal indicator which is
dipped into 0.01 M of H2SO4. The ionization constant of the weak
acid is ....

1 × 10-3

2 × 10-3

4 × 10-3

4 × 10-2

4 × 10-1

To gain 200 mL of H2SO4 solution with pH = 2 – log 2, into 0.2 M of

H2SO4 must be added water as much as .... mL.

10

15

20

25

If several substances are dissolved into water until it reaches 1 M

concentration, the solution having the highest pH is .....

NaHSO4

NaCl

FeCl3

NH4Cl

CH3COONa

If 0.08 M of NH4OH solution is dissociated 1.25%, pH of the solution

is ....

10

11

12.5
 Cannot be calculated because Kb is unknown

The pH value of 100 mL 1 × 10-9 M of HCl is ....

ACID-BASE REACTION

Air pollutant which can cause acid rain is ....

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide

Sulfur oxide

Hydrocarbon

Dust

To neutralize 20 mL of sulfuric acid, it is needed 20 mL 0.1 M of NaOH.

The concentration of sulfuric acid is ....

1.00 M

0.50 M

0.20 M

0.15 M

0.05 M

If 20 mL of phosphoric acid, 0.1 M of H3PO4 is titrated by 0.2 M of NaOH

solution so that it completely becomes HPO42-, the base volume
needed is ....

10 mL

20 mL

25 mL

30 mL

40 mL
 One of the following salts which is formed as teh result of the reaction
of strong acid and weak base is ....

CH3OOH

CH3COONa

Na3PO4

NH4Cl

MgCl2

Essay

Which ones of the following molecules or ions is amphoteric?

H 2O

SO42-

NH4+

HCO3-

On a laboratory table, the are 4 beaked glasses, each of which is filled

with aqueous of sulfuric acid (accumulator), aqueous of soaps, aqueous
of limestone, and aqueous of vinegar. If red litmus paper and blue
litmus paper are dipped into each of the solutions, what will happen?

Look at the following table!

No. Acid Name Concentration Ka

(M)
1 Acetic acid 0.1 1.8 × 10-5

2 Benzoic acid 0.1 6.7 × 10-6

3 Fluoric acid 0.1 7.2 × 10-10

According to the table above, arrange the substances based on the

acid strength started from the weakest to the strongest!

Acetylsalicylates (aspirin), HC9H7O4, is mostly used as analgesic drug.

Determine the pH of 0.018 M of aspirin solution at body temperature
(Ka at 37°C = 3.6 × 10-4)

Look the following table!

Indicators pH range Color Change

Methyl red 4.2 – 6.3 Red-yellow

Bromothymol blue 6.0 – 7.6 Yellow-blue

Cresol red 7.0 – 8.8 Yellow-red

A solution is yellow with methyl red, blue with bromothymol blue, and
yellow with cresol red. Determine the pH of the solution!
 IONIC EQUILIBRIUM IN SOLUTION

Multiple Choice

BUFFER SOLUTION

A buffer solution can be made by mixing solutions ....

Phosphoric acid and sodium phosphate

Acetic acid and sodium nitrate

Acetic acid and sodium phosphate

Nitric acid and sodium sulfate

Acetic acid and sodium sulfate

One of the mixture of solutions below that can form a buffer solution
is ....

50 mL of NaOH 0.2 M and 50 mL of CH3COOH 0.1 M

35 mL of NaOH 0.2 M and 70 mL of NH3 (aq) 0.1 M

40 mL of NaOH 0.1 M and 60 mL of NH3 (aq) 0.1 M

50 mL of NaOH 0.1 M and 50 mL of CH3COOH 0.2 M

50 mL of NaOH 0.2 M and 70 mL of CH3COOH 0.1 M

DETERMINING pH OR pOH OF A BUFFER SOLUTION

In a volume of 1 L solution, 0.2 moles of acetic acid (Ka = 10-5) is mixed

with 0.02 moles of sodium acetate to make buffer solution. The pH
value of the solution is ....

7
 6

If NH4Cl solution with the same volume and concentration is added into
200 mL of NH4OH solution 0.2 M, the pH value of the solution is ....

(Kb 0.2 M NH4OH = 10-5)

10

The amount of CH3COOK (Mr = 98) that is contained in 100 mL of

CH3COOK solution if the solution has pH value of 9 is .... (Ka
CH3COOH = 10-5)

0.245

0.49

0.98

9.8

19.6

A volume of 750 mL of a buffer solution made from mixture of

CH3COOH 0.3 M solution and KOH 0.2 M solution has the pH value of
5 – log 3.2. The volume ratio of CH3COOH and KOH mixed is .... (Ka
= 1.6 × 10-5)

500 : 250

250 : 700

300 : 450

450 : 300

375 : 375

THE FUNCTION OF BUFFER SOLUTION WITHIN THE BODY OF AN ORGANISM

 Normally the pH value of human blood ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. The
condition is maintained by buffer solution. Besides, there is also
buffer solution in cell and saliva gland. The followings are buffer
solutions in our body, except ....

Carbonate buffer solution

Phsphate buffer solution

Hemoglobin buffer solution

Acetic buffer solution

Oxyhemoglobin buffer solution

KINDS AND PROPERTIES OF SALTS

There are several salts as follows

Na2CO3

NH4NO3

BaSO4

NH4Cl

The pair of salt that dissolve in water to form acidic solution is ....

2 and 5

2 and 4

3 and 4

4 and 5

2 and 3

When dissolved in water, the following salt is hydrolyzed forming a

basic solution ....

KCN

K2SO4

NH4CN

NH4Cl

(NH4)2SO4

The compound that in its solution in water cannot be hydrolized is ....

 NH4Cl

K2SO4

CH3COOK

(NH4)2SO4

CH3COONH4

The following solution that can change the color of red litmus into blue
is ....

CH3COONa

CH3COONH4

Al2(SO4)3

NH4CN

Na2SO4

The following pair of salt that completely dissolve in water is ....

CH3COOK and CH3COONa

NH4Cl and NH4CN

CH3COONH4 and K3PO4

NaCl and MgSO4

CH3COONH4 and NH4CN

pH OF SALT HYDROLYSIS

10.7 grams of NH4Cl is dissolved in water to make solution of 0.5 L. The

pH value of the solution is ....

5 – log 2

5 + log 2

9 – log 2

200 mL of HCl 0.2 M is added into 100 mL of NH4OH 0.4 M (Kb = 2 × 10-
5
). The pH value of the mixture is ....
 5

10

11

DETERMINING THE SOLUBILITY BASED ON THE VALUE OF Ksp OR VICE VERSA

The following salt of silver that is the easiest t dissolve is ....

AgCl (Ksp = 1 × 10-10)

AgBr (Ksp = 5 × 10-13)

Ag2SO4 (Ksp = 5 × 10-13)

AgI (Ksp = 1 × 10-16)

Ag2CrO4 (Ksp = 4 × 10-18)

At a certain time, 0.350 g of BaF2 (Mr = 175) dissolves in water to

make 1 L of saturated solution. The solubility product of BaF2 at that
temperature is ....

1.7 × 10-2

3.2 × 10-6

3.2 × 10-8

3.2 × 10-9

4.0 × 10-9

A saturated solution of X(OH)2 has pH value of 9. The Ksp value of

X(OH)2 is ....

10-10

5 × 10-11

10-15

5 × 10-16

10-17

PREDICTING THE FORMATION OF SEDIMENT BASED ON Ksp VALUE

If 100 mL of NaCl 0.002 M is mixed with 200 mL Pb(NO3)2 0.003 M (Ksp

 of PbCl2 = 1 × 10-5), it will happen ....

There is no sedimentation

There is sediment of NaCl

Saturated solution

There is sediment of PbCl2

There is sediment of NaNO3

Essay

Arrange the following salts based on the decreasing value of pH if the

concentration of each solution is 0.1 M!

KNO3

NaHCO3

Na2CO3

(NH4)2SO4

Enamel contains calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH. The use of

toothpaste containing fluoride ion prevents the damage of
enamel because fluoride ion will react with calcium
hydroxyapatite to form fluoroapatite, Ca5(PO4)3. Calculate the
solubility of Ca5(PO4)3OH and Ca5(PO4)3F in water! (Ksp
Ca5(PO4)3OH = 6.8 × 10-37 and Ksp Ca5(PO4)3F = 1 × 10-60).
 COLLOIDS SYSTEMS

Multiple Choice

THE DEFINITION AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF COLLOIDS

The combination that is imposible to generate colloid system is ....

Gas – liquid substance

Gas – gas substance

Liquid – liquid substance

Solid – solid substance

Solid – liquid substance

5.One of the following colloid systems that belongs to aerosol

group is ....

a. milk

b. fog

c. foam

d. gel

e. ink

THE PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS AND THEIR APPLICATION

9. generally, people use alum to purify water, such as well-water, tap-water

or another type of water. Water purifying method using alum is related to colloid
property of ....

a. brownian motion

b. electolysis

c. tyndall effect

d. coalgulation

e. adsorption

10. A kidney-failure patient has to underg blood-washing process with

relatively expensive cost. Blood-washing method is based on the principles of ....

a. dialysis
b. electolysis

c. peptisation

d. electrophoresis

e. hydroysis

MAKING KINDS OF COLLOID SYSTEMS

16. there are some samples of sol making

1. seaweed gelatin in water

2. H2S gas in SO2 solution

3. FeCl3 in hot water

4. Sulfur in water

Sols produced by dispersion method are ....

1 and 3

1 and 4

3 and 4

2 and 3

2 and 4

20.Colloid separation by filtration method using membrane coating

that is put into flowing water is known as process of ....

a. dispersion

b. electrophoresis

c. electrolysis

d. dialysis

e. condensation

Essay

What is the difference between aerosol and solid sol?

Write two examples of emulsion colloid system!

What is Tyndall effect? Give some examples!