v-belt

G*P=_kw; N1=_rpm; N2=_rpm;Lreq=_/300 hr/day.

Step1:design power;[p]=p*SF;assume SF=1.1->psg7.69 for medium duty;[p]=_kw.
Step2:solu for belt c/s->psg7.58;if more than one option are available for belt c/s which increases the initial cost but
W −w
reduces the maintenance cost. c/s area of belt→tan20¿ →w=_mm; area of c/s of belt
2t
1
(a)¿ [W+w]*T→a=_mm².
2
[ p] [ p]
Step3:driving &driven pulley dia.{by saverian’s formula}.d min =1100
N1
N1
√
3
=__mm; d max =1300
√
3

N1
¿¿ mm; std driving pulley dia(d)=250 mm→psg7.54; driving pulley dia D=d η →psg 7.61
N 2 trans
Assume 2% slip→ηtrans =0.98→D=_?
N1
Std driving pulley D=560→psg7.54; by using D=d ∗0.98→N2=__rpm>N2( quest)
N2
Std driven pulley D=600mm→N2=__d
D 3−2.4
Step4: centre distance. Reduction ratio (i)= →p=_?; centre distance→psg 7.61; by interpolation =
d 3−2
1−c / D
1−1.2
c
Therefore =1.12; Capprox=1.12*D→Capprox=__?
D
(D−d)2
Step5: length of belt L=2c+π/2 (D+d) + →psg7.61 L=__?; std length L=given for ‘c” c/s→psg7.60
4c
L πD+d (D−d)2
Step6: cal for exact centre distance c=A+√ A 2−B →psg 7.61 where A= − ; B= →c=__?
4 8 8
B=__? A=__?.
❑
( D−d )
Step7: Angle of lap or angle of contact;θ=180 ° -60° ( ) →psg7.68=__>120° for Vbelt (safe).
C
T 1 µθCosec α
Step8:det of tensions in belt by eq of tension ratio
=e where µ=¿ coeff of friction=0.25(assumed) θ'
T2
π πdN 1
=θ* =__° ? Α=20° ;T1=Capprox.T2.where Capp is given.; [p]=(T1-T2)V →V= =¿_m/sec→T1=__?
180 60
T2=_?
p∗Fa [p]
Step9:cal of no of belt req.;nos of belt= →psg7.70→where Fa=SF; n=
Kw∗Fc∗Fd Kw∗Fc∗Fd
→[p]=given;Fc=correction factor for length=0.94→psg7.60;Fd=correction factor for area of
142.7
−2.34∗10−4 S2 ¿ S →psg7.62; S=speed of
−0.09
contact=0.925→psg7.68;Kw=kw rating of belt=[1.47 S −
de
belt=12.57m/sec; where d e =equivalent pitch dia for driving pulley=d p∗F b =¿ ? →psg7.62; Kw=__?per belt; n=__
≅ __belt.

DESIGN DATA---PSG TECH 7.115

 ¿ m∗V
Step10:checking for life induced in belt; (σ max ¿
m 7
∗3600 Lhrs X =( σ−1) ∗10 ;V=belt speed=_m/sec;
L
L=length=_?mm;X=no. of pulley=2.; selection material rubber canvas. σ-1=9 n/mm 2;ρ=1250kg/m 3; E=100.N/mm 2
T 1 ET
m=cost of V belt=8;σ max= + + ( ρV 2 )∗10−6=_n/mm2 ; Lhrs=__>1200hrs→safe.
na d
Step11:shaft design for driving & driven pulley.; selection of material C45 for driving & driven pulley.;
σ y =360 N /mm2→psg1.9→taking FOS=4→[τ]=45N/mm2; design twisting moment on drawing shaft [ Mt] 1=
[ p ]∗60 [ Mt]
; 1=_?; increasing this torque with 20% to account for bending [ Mt] eq=[ Mt] 1*1.2=__?N-mm.;
2 πN 1
π 1
considering torsional failure of driving shaft [ Mt] eq= ds13 [τ ] →ds 1=_?mm.;driven shaft dia→ds 2=ds (i) 3
16 1
=_?mm.
Step12:selection of std taper key→psg5.21; driving sft→ds 1,b&h.; driven pulley→ds 2,b&h.
Step13:principle dim of pulley→psg7.70.;
1. Pitch length=lp=__
2. Height of belt=b=__
3. Min depth below pitch line=h=__
4. Center to center dis=__
5. Dist of first groove from edge=f=__
6. dp=d=__
7. l=2f+(n-1)e.

DESIGN DATA---PSG TECH 7.115

Q] explain static & dynamic seals, give the examples.
A static seals many a times called as gasket is a piece is usually soft material which sandwitched
between two saperable members applied with compressive load.
The seal fills up the gaps between the surface which are effect of imperfection of surface
thus static seal is used to produce leakproof joint between mating surfaces.

Eg. Gasket are used to produce leakproof joints between cylinder flanges and head of cylinders.

Dynamic seal is basically a seal but it is used for matting surfaces having relative motion
Between them.
dynamic seals are used to prevent loss of lubricating oil or working fluid from a pair of
surfaces having sliding or rotating motion.
Eg.lip seal is used in bearing cap hole & the shaft.

Q] what is significance of max. pressure angle & cam factor ?

Pressure angle denoted by Ø is defined as the angle betn direction of follower motion and line of
action of force applied by the cam on follower .
Pressure angle by Ø signifies the force component along radial and side thrust direction assuming
p as total interactive force applied by cam on follower as shown in fig. then pr. = p cos Ø will be radial
force component and side thrust Ps will be given by ps =p sin Ø. As Ø goes on increasing it increases the
side thrust.An excessive side thrust causes excessive bearing load & friction & in extreme motion.
Therefore there always exsist a limiting value of of press angle may causes unsatisfactory performance
This limiting value is denoted by Øm and it depends upon configuration of system usually Øm is
assumed
As 30⁰ and actual Ø should be < 30⁰ for satisfactory performance .
Value of pitch circle for any type of cam proportional to ratio of maxm rise of follower to cam angle
of rotation i.e. Rp α h/β
Rp =pitch cir. Radius h = maxm. rise & β = cam angle rotation for rise.
Now . Rp = h/β = constant
This constant preportinality is called as cam factor (f). . Rp = f* h/β

Q4]short note on gear teeth failure

Tooth is considered as failed when it stops functioning properly it happens by two modes.
Tooth breakage ,surface destruction .
Corrosion –chemical attack of lubricating oil causes corrosion of surface .
Abrasion dirt ,rust ,abrasion particles in the lubricating oil produce scratches on tooth surface causing
abrasion of surface.
Initial pitting –it is effect of shearing of high spot in intial stages of operations of anew gear .while shear
high spot a pit is produced on tooth surface
Pitting-during service if the load cause the stress to cross surface endurance strength then fatigue cracks
are developed. On surface causing destructive pitting of the surface
Scoring-development of excessive heat causes stick slip phenomenon which is nothing but scoring.

DESIGN DATA---PSG TECH 7.115

Q] state assumptions in lewis eqn
- gear tooth is assumed to be quivalent to cantilever beam loaded at its free end.
-the number of teeth in contact is assumed as one where as in reality contact ration is generaaly graeter
than actual applied load .
-effect of radial load Pr is neglected assuming higher factor of safety –tangential load is assumed to be
uniform distributed over entire face width of gear tooth which is possible only when the tooth is
perfectly machined and its highly rigid.

Q] short note on materials used for sliding contact bearing.

-less coefficient of friction
-higher compressive endurance strength
-higher thermal conductivity
-compatibility with journal material
-high corrosion resistance to withstand chemical attacks of lubricating oil
-low cost

Q] types of cam follower

>based on shape - radial ,cylindrical ,spherical ,globoidal
>based on constraints- spring loaded ,self weightes ,no spring no load type.
>basd on follower motion –spring loaded ,dwell rise dwell ,dwell rise return dwell
Types of follower
*based on motion –reciprocating ,oscillatory
*based on line of action – in-line ,offset
*based on contacting surface - knife edge ,mushroom ,roller etc

Q3]why are brakes generally shoe type whereas clutches disk type?
For cluthches area available for heat dissipation is small as compared to brakes because brakes are
generally at outer side of vehicle near the wheels therefore brakes can be of shoe type .it is wear to
replace worn shoe brake. where as it is difficult to replace worn friction member of clutch hence clutch
is generally of disk type to have ample area of friction member. for uniform wear the pressure should be
uniform with shoe practically it is difficult to have uniform operating pressure hence for clutch instead of
shoe disk is preferred .but for brake if the pressure and wear is not uniform still that does not matter a
lot therefore brakes can have suitably a shoe an compared to a clutch.

DESIGN DATA---PSG TECH 7.115