Final Gp1

Over view of news iindustry
INTRODUCTION
News is any new information or information on current events which is presented by
print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience. The
reporting and investigation of news falls within the profession of journalism. News
is often reported by a variety of sources, such as newspapers, television, and radio
programs, wire services, and web sites. News reporting is a type of journalism,
typically written or broadcast in news style. Most news is investigated and
presented by journalists and can be distributed to various outlets via news agencies.
There are many categories of news. The weather is typically presented by a certified
meteorologist or, on smaller stations, a less-trained "weatherman" and is considered
news. Other news categories are: sports, fashion, society, entertainment, business,
cartoon strips, features, lottery numbers, and lives of celebrities, advertising, and
more. Until the 1970s, when women's lib issues came to the forefront, most
newspapers had a "Women's" section devoted entirely to fashion and society news.
In its infancy, news gathering was primitive by today's standards. Printed news had
to be phoned in to a newsroom or brought there by a reporter where it was typed and
either transmitted over wire services or edited and manually set in type along with
other news stories for a specific edition. Today, the term "Breaking News" has
become trite as broadcast and cable news services use live satellite technology to
bring current events into consumers' homes live as it happens.
Events that used to take hours or days to become common knowledge in towns or in
nations are fed instantaneously to consumers via radio, television, cell phones, and
the Internet.
Most large cities had morning and afternoon newspapers. As the media evolved and
news outlets increased to the point of near over saturation, afternoon newspapers
were shut down except for relatively few. Morning newspapers have been gradually
losing circulation, according to reports advanced by the papers themselves.
Commonly, news content should contain the "Five Ws" (who, what, when, where,
why, and also how) of an event. There should be no questions remaining.
Newspapers normally write hard news stories, such as those pertaining to murders,
fires, wars, etc. in inverted pyramid style so the most important information is at the
beginning. Busy readers can read as little or as much as they desire. Local stations
and networks with a set format must take news stories and break them down into the
most important aspects due to time constraints.
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NEWS MEDIA IN INDIA

Mass media in India is that part of the Indian media which aims to reach a wide
audience. Besides the news media, which includes print, radio and television, the
internet is playing an increasing role, along with the growth of the Indian blogging
community.
Compared with many other developing countries, the Indian press is relatively
unfettered, except for obstacles in the way of setting up media companies which
were part of the pre-1990 license raj. In 2001, India had 45,974 newspapers,
including 5364 daily newspapers published in over 100 languages. The largest
number of newspapers were published in Hindi (20,589), followed by English
(7,596), Marathi (2,943), Urdu (2,906), Bengali (2,741), Gujarati (2,215), Tamil
(2,119), Kannada (1,816), Malayalam (1,505) and Telugu (1,289). The Hindi daily
press has a circulation of over 23 million copies, followed by English with over 8
million copies. There are several major publishing groups in India, the most
prominent among them being the Times of India Group, the Indian Express Group,
the Hindustan Times Group, Essel Group, The Hindu group, the Anandabazar
Patrika Group, the Eenadu Group, the Malayala Manorama Group, the
Mathrubhumi group, the Kerala Kaumudi group, the Sahara group, the Bhaskar
group, and the Dainik Jagran group.
Media penetration as of 2003
All India Urban
Print 25% 46%

Terrestrial television 53% 80%
Cable and satellite television 20% 46%
Radio 22% 25%

Cinema 7% 11%
Internet 1% 3%
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India has more than forty domestic news agencies. The Express News Service, the
Press Trust of India, and the United News of India are among the major news
agencies.
Highlights from NRS 2006

• The reach of the press medium (dailies and magazines combined) has
increased from 216 million to 222 million over the last one year.
• As a proportion however, press reach has stabilized in urban India – at 45%.

Press reach in rural India has also stayed the same at 19% -- needless to say,
on a much larger population base. The number of readers in rural India (110
million) is now roughly equal to that in urban India (112 million).
• Dailies have driven this growth in the press medium, their reach rising as a
proportion of all individuals aged 12 years and above – which is the universe
defined for NRS – from 24% to 25%. Magazines have declined in reach
from 9% to 8% over the last one year.
• The time spent reading has remained the same – at 39 minutes daily on an
average per day over the last year. But there has been increase in urban India
(from 41 to 44 minutes daily) and decrease in rural India (from 36 to 35
minutes daily).
• Literacy as measured in the NRS has risen from 69.9% to 71.1% over the
last year. The rate of growth has been marginally lower urban areas (84.4%
to 85.3%) than in rural areas (63.6% to 64.8%). One would expect this to
boost the market for the press medium.
• Satellite TV has grown considerably in reach – from 207 million individuals

watching in an average week in 2005 to as many as 230 million individuals
in 2006 – further expanding its lead over the number of readers.
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• Radio is one medium that has shown considerable resurgence. Its reach has
increased from 23% to 27% of the population listening to any station in the
average week. Almost equaling the number of readers.
• Radio FM has driven this explosion in reach – from 76 million individuals

listening in an average week in 2005 to as many as 119 million individuals in
2006 – a 55% increase over last year.
• Cinema has, on the surface, declined sharply from 51 million individuals

going regularly to the movies (at least once a month) to 39 million. This has
been the story for years now. However, the cinema audience seems to have
been reversed in urban India – from 23 million regular theatre-goers last year
NRS now estimates there are 25 million. As a proportion this means a
marginal increase from 9.6% to 10.0%.
• The Internet as a medium seems to have paused on its growth trajectory.

From 7.2 million users who logged in every week last year, the number has
grown, though only to 9.4 million. As proportions, these represent 0.9% and
1.2% of India’s 12 years plus population. However, urban India has shown
faster growth in internet reach – from 2.3% to 3.4%.
• Mobile phones must now be given their due place as media. Reach of this
medium – as measured by the proportion of the population accessing value-
added-features (VAS) at least once a week – has grown from 1.1% last year
to 2.7% -- translating to nearly 22 million individuals.
• If there is one overall conclusion, it is that the press medium must watch
emerging media closely. The NRS has the data points to indicate media
consumption amongst consumers from all walks of life. It is also worth
remembering that, socio-culturally speaking, India is like a couple of dozen
countries with a total of sixteen official languages and wide disparities in
living standards – the complexity of the Indian media market would rival
those of Europe if taken as a whole.
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NRS 2006 – DETAILED FINDINGS

• Press adds 7 million readers over the last year.
• Dailies continue to grow, adding 12.6 million readers from last year to reach
203.6 million while there has been a drop of 7.1 million magazine readers. It
must be remembered that this refers only to mainstream magazines. A host
of niche titles that continue to be launched regularly are not fielded and their
collective readership estimate is outside the purview of the study.
• Over the last 3 years the number of readers of dailies and magazines put
together among those aged 12 years and above has grown from 216 mn to
222 mn – a growth of almost 3% over last year.
• There is still significant scope for growth, as 359 million people who can
read and understand any language do not read any publication. Of this 359
million, 68% read Hindi. It is not just affordability that is a constraint, since
20 million of these literate non-readers belong to the upscale SEC A and B
segments.
• The Hindi belt has been witness to intense activity from large dailies and is
an indicator of the general growth in the vernacular dailies segment. To
elaborate, vernacular dailies have grown from 191.0 million readers to 203.6
million while English dailies have stagnated at around 21 million.
• Magazines overall show a decline in the reader base, both in urban and rural
India. The reach of magazines has declined from 75 mn in 2005 to 68 mn in
2006. Magazines have lost 12% of their reach since 2005.
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• The battle heats up in English & Hindi Dailies arena
• There are now two dailies that have captured more than 2 crore (20 million)
readers – Dainik Jagran (with 21.2 million) and Dainik Bhaskar (with
21million). The gap between Dainik Jagran & Danik Bhaskar has reduced
from 3.8 million readers to 200,000 readers this year.
• The Times of India is the most read English Daily with 7.4 mn readers, but
The Hindu has taken the second spot with 4.05 mn readers, pushing
Hindustan Times, to the third spot with an estimated readership of 3.85 mn.
Though Hindustan Times adding 360,000 new readers in Mumbai, it has but
lost readership across the Hindi belt.
• Press increases its share of urban media day
• Today the average urban adult spends 44 minutes per day reading dailies and
magazines. The average reading time used to be 41 minutes.
• The growth in C&S penetration is more than the growth in TV owning

homes
• Television now reaches 112 mn Indian homes reflecting a growth of 3.2%

over last year.
• Homes with access to C&S have increased by 12% from 61 mn to 68 mn.
• C&S reach has now penetrated 61% of all TV homes up from 56% last year.
• TV & C&S dominate in Southern States
• Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh dominate the markets with TV
reach of 76.2%, 76.2% and 78% respectively. These States also have high
penetration of Cable & Satellite i.e. 60%, 53% and 59% respectively.
• Color TV now matches the rapid pace of cable and satellite growth
o Homes with color TV have increased from 58 mn to 64 mn in 2006.

The increment of 10.4% runs parallel to the growth in C&S.
• Internet reach now exceeds 12 mn
• The number of individuals who accessed the Internet in the last 3 months
increased marginally from 10.8 mn to 13.0 mn in 2006. While 10.8 mn of
these are in urban India, nearly 1.8 mn internet users reside in rural India.
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The growth seems slower than expected – it must be pointed out that the
growth of the number of internet users in urban India is 35% over last year
while in rural India this seems to have stagnated.
• Cybercafé is the new access point for Internet
• As reach of Internet increases, office is no longer the main place of access.

As many as 34% of users now surf from cybercafé and 30% from home.
About 20% of Internet users access it from the work-place.
• Mobile phones: now the focus is on usage of advanced features.
• Among the fast growing tribe of mobile phone owners, 38% access value
added features like downloads, accessing news and Cricket scores, SMS etc
vs. 13.9% last year.
• The figure is higher at 44% in 42 metros.
• This means that as an advertising medium, it reaches more than 22 million
consumers. As can be expected, the usage levels are much higher among
young urban audiences and needs to be closely watched by not only the press
but also the TV industry in future. With the impending launch of 3G next
year the quality of content that will be delivered to mobile subscribers will
make it a force to reckon with.
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NEWS PAPERS
A newspaper is a lightweight and disposable publication (more specifically, a

periodical), usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. It may be general or
special interest, and may be published daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly,
or quarterly.
General-interest newspapers are usually journals of current news on a variety of
topics. Those can include political events, crime, business, sports, and opinions
(either editorials, columns, or political cartoons). Many also include weather news
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and forecasts. Newspapers increasingly use photographs to illustrate stories; they

also often include comic strips and other entertainment, such as crosswords.
The Parsi businessman Bhimjee Parikh imported the first printing press into
Bombay as early as 1670. Bengali newspaper Sangbad Kaumudi, published from
Calcutta was the first Indian Newspaper. The first vernacular newspaper in Mumbai
was the Gujarati daily Mumbai Samachar, published in 1822 by Fardoonjee
Marzban. Mumbai Samachar is still being published, and is India's oldest
newspaper.
Times of India and Statesman were amongst the first English language newspapers
and are still being published. Indian newspaper Industry has come a long way since
then and now hundreds of newspapers in regional languages; Hindi and English are
published every day from India.
List English Newspapers
1) The Hindu
2) Mid Day
3) Indian Express
4) The Statesman
5) Times of India
6) The Telegraph
7) The Pioneer
8) The Tribune
9) Hindustan Times
10) New Indian Express
11) The Asian Age
12) Deccan Chronicle
13) Deccan Herald
14) Afternoon Despatch & Courier
15) The Hitavada
16) Vijay Times
17) Central Chronicle
18) News Today
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19) Kashmir Times

20) Ranchi Express
21) Daily Excelsior
22) The Assam Tribune
23) Nayhind Times
24) The Sentinel
Business newspapers
1) Economic Times
2) Financial Express
3) Business Standard
4) Business Line
Local newspapers
Hindi
1) Dainik Bhaskar
2) Jagran
3) Naiduniya
4) Rajasthan Patrika
5) Amai Ujala
6) Hindi Milan
Tamil
1) Dina Thanthi
2) Dinamani
3) Dinamalar
4) Dinakaran
Malayalam
1) Malayala Manorama
Gujarati
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1) Gujarat Samachar
2) Sandesh
3) Divya Bhaskar
Bengali
1) Anandbazar Patrika
2) Pratidin
Telegu
1) Eenadu
2) Vaartha
3) Andhra Prabha
Marathi
1) Sakal
2) Loksatta
3) Lokmat
4) Maharashtra Times
5) Tarun Bharat
Kannada
1) Udayavani
2) Sanjevani
Oriya
1) Pragativadi
2) The Samaja
3) Dharitri
Assamese
1) Aji
Punjabi
1) Daily Aji
Urdu
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1) Siasat Daily
2) The Inquilab
3) The Daily Milap
Top Indian Newspapers
1) Times of India
2) Hindustan Times
3) The Hindu
4) Indian Express
5) The Telegraph
Urban + Rural 2006 Urban + Rural 2005
('000's) Nos Rank ('000's) Nos Rank

2124
Dainik Jagran 21165 1 Dainik Jagran 4 1
1737
Dainik Bhaskar 20958 2 Dainik Bhaskar 9 2
1135
Eenadu 13805 3 Eenadu 0 3
Lokmat 10856 4 Lokmat 8820 7
1046
Amar Ujala 10847 5 Amar Ujala 9 5
1055
Hindustan 10437 6 Hindustan 7 4
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Daily Thanthi 10389 7 Daily Thanthi 9445 6

Dinakaran 9639 8 Dinakaran 1485 39
Rajasthan Patrika 9391 9 Rajasthan Patrika 8651 8
Malayala
Malayala Manorama 8409 10 Manorama 7985 10
Times of India 7502 11 Times of India 8092 9
Mathrubhumi 7415 12 Mathrubhumi 6412 13
Ananda Bazar
Ananda Bazar Patrika 7295 13 Patrika 7215 11
Gujarat Samachar 6416 14 Gujarat Samachar 6780 12
Punjab Kesari 6302 15 Punjab Kesari 4427 18
Dinamalar 5977 16 Dinamalar 4877 17
The International Newspaper Marketing Association (INMA), a leading global

provider in best practices and marketing ideas for newspapers companies, conducted
its first South Asia two-day conference in the Capital. The conference was to
introduce INMA to India, and at the same time, to project India to rest of the world.
The conference began on a positive note with an assurance that newspapers in India
are here to stay for some more time now. Unlike in the West where the industry is
being considered as a setting sun, Indian newspapers still have a huge potential in
terms of reach and thereby revenue.
According to Earl J Wilkinson, Executive Director, INMA, US, “We see a

tremendous opportunity in India as there are 360,000,000 literate consumers who do
not read newspapers. Only 0.34 per cent of India’s GDP is spent on advertisements,
while the global norm is 1-2 per cent. Also, the influx of foreign capital in India is
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one of the prime reasons for the Indian print media to be happy about.” Wilkinson is
the moderator for all the sessions of the conference.
Speaking on the topic ‘How to Unlock Value from the Newspaper Business’, Akhil
Gupta, Senior Managing Partner and Chairman at Blackstone, which is an
alternative investing company, provided a comparison between different media and
their ad spends. He said that television ad spend in India was $1,372 billion, out of
the total industry revenue of $4,302 billion in television. The ad spend by print was
$1,558 billion, compared to an industry revenue of $3,128 billion, which indicates a
bright future for the print industry. He added that GDP was not an indicator of ad
spends, but private consumption of a product was the right indicator. Reach of TV is
more than that of print, with TV at 54.4 per cent, and print at 36.6 per cent.
“Ad intensity in India is far too behind in media, as compared to that of the US.
While in India it is 1.7 per cent, it is 5.6 per cent in the US. Contrary to perceptions,
Hindi and vernacular media are reaching to audiences faster than their English
counterpart, and as a result, ad spends will move from metropolitan cities to semi-
urban cities,” Gupta explained.
Gupta added that television ad spend had increased significantly over the last two
decades, and commanded 40-45 per cent of the advertising market. “Indian
newspapers outperform most leading newspapers across the world. The trend in
India would be to move from more regional to more pan-India presence because of
fund flow due to FDIs and the country’s population. However, the challenges ahead
are to build deep distribution network and product innovation, which would come
through efficient use of technology and by offering better pricing. Investment in
media is the highest, and I would say that there is enough headroom to invest more,”
he concluded.
WAN’s ‘World Press Trends, released in June 2007 at the 60th World Newspaper
Congress in Cape Town, showcased the fact that in 2006, the total circulation (515+
million) of paid-for dailies round the world rose by 2.30 per cent over the previous
year. The five-year increase, for 2002-2006, was a decent but unremarkable 9.48 per
cent.
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Stories of growth & decline
The breakdown told the real story. Unsurprisingly to newspaper people round the
world, the lion’s share of this 2.30 per cent global growth came from Asia (3.61 per
cent). South America (4.55 per cent), Australia & Oceania (2.11 per cent), and
Africa (1.20 per cent) made useful but more modest contributions to global growth.
North America saw a straight drop of 1.97 per cent in 2006, against a background of
a 5.18 per cent decline over five years. As for Europe, most of its 0.74 per cent
growth came from the less developed countries of eastern Europe and, to an extent,
central Europe. The European Union registered a 0.87 per cent drop in 2006, making
it a 5.63 per cent slide since 2002.
The real story has been known for some years: populous and fast-growing Asia is
the wonderland of newspaper growth. The story has attracted some wide-eyed,
exclamatory notice in the western press; and, as far as the story of the Indian
language press is concerned, there is a splendidly insightful book by the political
scientist Robin Jeffrey, India’s Newspaper Revolution (Oxford University Press,
New Delhi, 2000).
According to WAN’s ‘World Press Trends,’ 70 of the world’s 100 best-selling

dailies are published in Asia; and 60 of them in China, Japan, and India. The world’s
three top countries in daily newspaper circulation are China (98.70 million), India
(88.90 million), and Japan (69.10 million). They are followed by the United States
(52.30 million) and Germany (21.10 million).
But there is an interesting story within the Asian newspaper growth story. It is in
developing — not developed — Asia where paid daily newspaper circulation is
growing. (South Korea, with its 10.59 per cent rise in 2006 and its 19 per cent
growth over five years, is an exception to this trend.) Paid-for daily newspapers in
China registered a 2.27 per cent growth in 2006, against a background of a 15.52 per
cent increase over five years.
The corresponding figures for India were 12.93 per cent and 53.63 per cent. “The
Japanese remain,” as a WAN press release puts it, “the world’s greatest newspaper
buyers, with 630.9 [copies of] daily sales per thousand adults [compared with about
70 copies of daily newspapers for 1000 adults in India].” But even in Japan, daily
newspaper sales dropped by 0.83 per cent in 2006 and by 2.42 per cent over five
years.
So it is developing Asia that is doing most of the running in this continent. ‘World
Press Trends’ minus developing Asia will look remarkably flat.
Five factors
Professor Jeffrey’s scholarship on the growth of successful newspapers in a dozen

Indian languages highlights a lively and buoyant situation where, essentially, five
factors have been capitalised on over the past two decades. They are: improved
technology (which enables the production and distribution of larger numbers of
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more attractive newspapers), steadily expanding literacy, better purchasing power,

aggressive (profit-, power- and survival-driven) publishing, and political excitement.
NRS after NRS has brought news that is music to the ears of the Indian language
press. According to NRS 2006, all the top ten most read dailies in India were Indian
language newspapers, with their estimated readership ranging from 8.41 million to
21.17 million. Not surprisingly given the enormous diversities of India, circulation
growth within the Indian language press has varied considerably across languages
and States. Hindi dailies accounted for more than 40 per cent of total daily
circulation in India and English language dailies for just over 10 per cent.
Newspapers in languages such as Telugu, Assamese, Punjabi, and Urdu, starting
from low bases, have also achieved dynamic growth rates. There is growth also in
those language sectors, notably Gujarati and Malayalam, that had a higher base
decades earlier.
The circulation of Indian dailies jumped 33 per cent to over 7.86 crore during 2001-
05 even as global newspaper circulation increased 9.95 percent in the same period.
Contrary to conventional wisdom, newspaper circulation is growing and new
newspapers are being launched at a ‘remarkable rate’, the Paris-based World
Association of Newspapers (WAN) said in a release.
Daily newspaper titles surpassed 10,000 for the first time in history, with India
accounting for 1,834 dailies in 2005, up 22.8 per cent from 1,493 dailies in 2001,
according to World Press Trends, WANs annual statistical compendium of the
newspaper industry.
"What we are seeing completely contradicts the conventional wisdom that

newspapers are in terminal decline," said Timothy Balding, CEO of WAN, an
organisation that represents 18,000 newspapers.
"Newspapers are doing far better than commonly believed. In fact, the figures
confirm that the industry is healthy and vigorous and is successfully dealing with
increasing competition from other media.
"The fashion of predicting the death of newspapers should be exposed for what it is
-- nothing more than a fashion, based on common assumptions that are belied by the
facts."
The circulation of India's dailies consistently increased from 5,91,29,000 in 2001 to

7,29,39,000 in 2003 to 7,86,89,000 in 2005. Newspapers represent a 180-billion
dollar industry, with more advertising revenues than radio, cinema, magazines and
Internet combined, Balding said.
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No. of readers per newspaper
Afternoon
Afternoon 90,000
Total 90,000
Bombay Samachar
Mumbai Samachar, Gujarati 130,360
Total 130,360
Express Group
The Indian Express 178,463
The Financial Express 29,753
Loksatta, Marathi n.a.
Samakaleen, Gujarati 16,986
Lokprabha, Marathi n.a.
Indian Express(Ahmednagar) n.a.
Loksatta(Ahmednagar) n.a.
Total 225,202
Gujarat Samachar Group

Gujarat Samachar, Gujarati n.a.
Total n.a.
Janmabhoomi
Janmabhoomi n.a.
Total n.a.
Mid-Day Group
Mid-Day 110,326
Inquilab, Urdu 28,833
Mid-Day Gujarati n.a.
Sunday Midday 135,000
Total 274,159
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Navabharat
Navbharat n.a.
Total n.a.
Navakal
Navakal 332,564
Total 332,564
SAAMNA
SAAMNA(MARATHI) n.a.
Total n.a.
Sakal
Sakal-Mumbai n.a.
Total n.a.
The Asian Age

Asian Age 52,000
Total 52,000
Times Group
The Times of India 536,166
The Economic Times 103,846
Navabharat Times, Hindi n.a.
Maharashtra Times, Marathi n.a.
Total 640,012
Vrut Manas
Vrut Manas n.a.
Total n.a.
THE TIMES OF INDIA
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The Times of India was founded on November 3, 1838 as The Bombay Times and
Journal of Commerce[4], and served the British colonists of western India. It
adopted its present name in 1861. Published every Saturday and Wednesday, The
Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce was launched as a bi-weekly edition. It
contained news from Europe, the Americas, and the Subcontinent, and was
conveyed between India and Europe via regular steamships. The daily editions of
the paper were started from 1850 and by 1861, the Bombay Times was renamed
The Times of India. In the 19th century this newspaper company employed more
than 800 people and had a sizable circulation in India and Europe. Originally
British-owned and controlled, its last British editor was Ivor S. Jehu, who resigned
the editorship in 1950. It was after India's Independence that the ownership of the
paper passed on to the then famous industrial family of Dalmiyas and later it was
taken over by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain group from Bijnore, UP.
Times of India is published by the media group Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. This
company, along with its other group companies, known as The Times Group, also
publishes The Economic Times, Mumbai Mirror, the Navbharat Times (a Hindi-
language daily broadsheet), the Maharashtra Times (a Marathi-language daily
broadsheet).
In January 2007, the Kannada edition of the paper was launched in Bangalore.
The company has launched a controversial new business initiative, called “private
treaties” offering to take an equity stake in a company in exchange for advertising
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Notable people associated with TOI
1) Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain

2) Indu Jain, chairperson
3) Jug Suraiya (associate editor, columnist, "Jugular Vein," cartoonist,
"Dubyaman II")
4) Shashi Tharoor, edit page
5) Tarun Vijay (columnist, "The Right View")
6) Swaminathan Aiyar (columnist, "Swaminomics")
7) R. K. Laxman ("You Said It" editorial cartoon, featuring the famous
Common Man)
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GUJARAT SAMACHAR
21
22
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The Indian Express

The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka. It was
started in 1931 by Chennai based Veradharajulu Naidu. After his death the group
was split in 1999 among his family members into two with the southern editions
taking the name The New Indian Express, while the old Indian Express name was
retained in the northern editions based in Mumbai with a prefix "The". It is
published in all major Indian cities.
The Indian Express is owned by the Indian Express Group, which also owns other
newspapers in India such as the Financial Express, a newspaper focused on the
Indian economy, stock markets, and fiscal policies. The group has other
publications such as Screen weekly, the Marathi-language daily Loksatta, and the
Hindi daily Jansatta.
History of the group
Indian Express was started by an Auyurvedic doctor and Congress Party member
Varadarajulu Naidu in 1932 at Chennai (then Madras) published by his “Tamil
Nadu” press. But soon under financial difficulties he sold it to S.Sadanand, founder
of the Free Press Journal, a national news agency.
In 1933 The Indian Express opened its second office in Madurai and launched the
Tamil edition Dinamani. Sadanand introduced several innovations and reduced the
price, but was later forced to sell part of the stake in form of convertible debentures
to Ramanath Goenka due to financial difficulties. Later when the free press journal
collapsed in 1935 Sadanand lost the ownership of Indian Express after a long
controversial Court battle with RNG, where blows were exchanged between some
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of the parties[citation needed]. Finally a year later RNG Ramanath Goenka to buy
the rest of the 26% stake from Sadanand, and the paper came under Goenka's
control who took the already anti-establishment tone of the paper to greater heights.
[citation needed] Also at that time it had to face stiff competition from a well
established The Hindu and the Mail besides other prominent newspapers. In late
1930s the circulation was no more than 2000[citation needed].
In 1939 it also bought out Andhra Prabha, another prominent Telugu Daily. Later it
gained the name Three Musketeers for the three dailies[citation needed]. In 1940
the whole premises were gutted by fire. The Hindu, its rival, helped considerably in
re-launching the paper, by getting it printed temporarily at one of its
Swadesimithran’s press and later offering its recently vacated premises at 2, Mount
Road later to become the landmark Express Estates[citation needed]. This
relocation also helped the Express obtain better high speed printing machines,
while some claimed the Goenka had deliberately set fire to escape financial
embarrassment.
In later years Goenka started the Mumbai edition with the landmark Express
Towers as his office when the Morning Standard was bought by him in 1944.
Two years later to become it became the Mumbai edition of The Indian Express.
Later on editions were started in several cities like 1957 the Madurai edition, the
1965 Bangalore edition, and the 1968 Ahmedabad edition.The Financial Express
was launched in 1961 from Mumbai, Kannada Prabha (Kannada Daily) from
Bangalore in 1965 and a Bangalore edition of the Telugu Daily Andhra Prabha, and
Gujarati dailies Lok Satta and Jansatta in 1952, from Ahmedabad and Baroda.
The Delhi edition started was when the Tej group's Indian News Chronicle was
acquired in 1951, which from 1953 became the Delhi edition of Indian Express. In
1990 it bought the Sterling group of magazines, and along with it the Gentleman
magazine.
After Ramanath Goenka’s demise in 1991, two of the family members split the
group into Indian Express Mumbai with all the North Indian editions, while the
Southern editions were grouped as Express Madurai Ltd. with Chennai as
headquarters.
25
The Economic Times
The Economic Times, launched in 1961, is India's largest financial daily and the
world's second largest financial daily[citation needed] after The Wall Street
Journal, with a daily readership of over 650,000 copies. It is published by India's
largest media group, Bennett, Coleman & Co Ltd, (This company along with its
other group companies is more popularly known as The Times Group), which also
publishes The Times of India, the Navbharat Times, the Maharashtra Times,
Femina, and Filmfare.
The Economic Times has its offices in Mumbai outside Victoria Terminus railway
station. Its main content is based on the Indian economy, share prices, prices of
commodities as well as other matters related to finance. The Founder / Editor of the
paper when it was launched in 1961 was P.S. Hariharan. The current Executive
Editor of The Economic Times is Rahul Joshi.Rahul Joshi is known for his mastery
over the conception as well as expression of thought.
The Economic Times is characterised by its salmon-pink paper, all of which is

recycled. It is also the favourite newspaper among the city's business houses. It is
sold in Mumbai, India, and all the major cities of India.
26
Business Standard
Business Standard is a financial daily from Business Standard Ltd (BSL). It is
published from twelve centres in India - Mumbai (formerly Bombay), New Delhi,
Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), Bangalore,Chennai (formerly Madras), Ahmedabad,
Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Pune, Lucknow, Bhubaneswar and Kochi - and reaches
readers in over 800 towns across the country.
Started in 1975 by the Ananda Bazar group in what was then Calcutta, the paper
was hived off as a separate company in 1996, and then bought by Mumbai-based
financial investors, after which it began a phase of rapid expansion with the launch
of new editions. The Financial Times of London took an equity stake in BSL in
2004.
The current editor is T.N. Ninan, who was also an earlier editor of The Economic
Times. The paper sells 143,000 copies daily, and has a reputation for responsible
journalism and for its stimulating editorial page. It has pioneered the ranking of the
wealthiest Indians (in the Billionaire Club), and offers along with the paper free
monthly magazines on motoring and aviation. The paper recently started its Sunday
edition from three publishing centres.
The newspaper's website is business-standard.com. BSL also publishes several

periodicals, including BS Motoring, Indian Management, the Asian Management
Review and Routes: the Gateway Magazine.
27
Sandesh
Sandesh started its journey in the world of Journalism in 1923. Since than it has
flourished into 5 editions and has played a critical and vital role in the upliftment
and welfare of five crore Gujaratis. It covers the latest news and deals with the day
to day situation with equanimity and fare judgment . Sandesh provides information
and entertainment through its supplements dealing with almost all the subjects.
The Sandesh Limited is a listed and public limited company with Head Quarter at
Ahmedabad. Till 1984, Sandesh was a single edition newspaper published from
Ahmedabad. Then under expansion programme new editions were launched
Baroda, Surat, Rajkot & Bhavnagar in 1985, 1989, 1990 and 1998 respectively.
Initially in 1923 Shri Nandlal Bodiwala started Sandesh daily on a small scale,
But in 1958 when late Shri Chimanbhai Patel was at the helm of affairs ; his
vision , foresight and business acuemenship changed the destiny of Sandesh and its
circulation began to increase by leaps and bounds. His unique contribution was
‘Sunday Sanskar Poorti’ in Gujarati journalism, that included many celebrities as
columnists . Thus he was the pioneer of Sunday Supplements in Gujarati
journalism. He was always in search of new talents and new ideas to make Sandesh
a unique and dynamic daily. It was this missionary zeal that made Sandesh a
household name in Gujarat. Present CMD and the Editor of Sandesh Shri
Falgunbhai Patel joined the organization in 1979 after completing his MBA in
USA.
28
His close collaboration with his father made a rare combination of wide experience
and youthful dynamism that added a rare spirit of adventure and calculated
business viewpoint in the development of Sandesh as a giant entity. The company
went public in 1994 with a premium of Rs.90/- on the face value of Rs. 10/- per
share. The issue was oversubscribed by 15 times.
“The Sandesh Limited” thus became the first media house to become a public
limited company But destiny sometimes plays cruel game and in March 1995 Shri
Chimanbhai Patel succumbed to a massive heart attack and Falgunbhai lost his
best friend, philosopher and guide in the person of his beloved father. It was a sad
sorrowful day for the entire Sandesh Pariwar . Since his father’s demise,
Falgunbhai had to shoulder additional responsibilities of editorial section in
addition to his managerial duties . He took all the challenges with the help of his
professional assistants with great skill and acuemenship. His noteworthy
contribution to the progress of Sandesh can be summarized as under :
• Strict Quality Control.

• Creation of All India Marketing Network.
• Substantial Profits for the company and liberal dividends for the share
holders.
• Distribution Network in the nook and corner of Gujarat
• Modernization and Upgradation of Printing Units.. -
• Construction of Sandesh Bhavan at Ahmedabad with all the modern
facilities, sufficient for any further expansion
Sandesh is selected by leading organizations all over India to advertise their

products and services. There is hardly any brand / services available in Gujarat
which is not advertised in Sandesh.
29
NEWS CHANNELS
News programmes have suddenly become hot property and are vying for attention
with other popular programmes telecast in different channels. All major television
broadcasters are including at least one news channel to their bouquet. The biggest
headache for launching a satellite channel is programme software for round the
clock. In this juncture, newsgathering is a major task for the 24-hour news channels.
To cater this task, the emerging electronic channels have always made an attempt to
cover all the incidents irrespective of position, location and time. These channels not
only revolutionized the concept of news on Indian television but also changed the
news formats. Before 1990s, Doordarshan had monopolized newscast on Indian
television and also turned the news programs into a dowdy exercise. Now the
private channels made the news an essential commodity like food, cloth and shelter.
The strong point of all today’s news bulletins is their topicality, objectivity, glossy
editing and high-quality visuals. News has traveled a long way from the DD era.
From Local events to International events, breaking news to news analysis,
television soap to page3 news, every happening comes under purview of news. In
this article, we have covered some significant changes in news broadcasting in India
before and after the Gulf War.
30
Top Indian Television News Channels
1) Doordarshan News
2) NDTV
3) Zee News
4) Aaj Tak
5) CNBC
Zee News
Zee News, the news and current affairs channel, is

the oldest channel of Zee News Ltd and has taken giant strides ever since its
inception in 1992. It was the first 24-hour Hindi current affairs and news channel in
the country. In spite of being the only pay channel in its genre, it maintains its
position among the top three Hindi news channels in the country. In North India,
Zee News is a strong contender for the number one position in the market. It has
consistently won awards for its programming and marketing activities, including
awards at the EMMVIES 2004, Indian Telly Awards and The Indian Marketing
Awards.
The group, as Zee Telefilms, formed part of the BSE Sensex from 2000-2005. Its
news and regional entertainment channel business was demergrd from it in year
31
2006 to Zee News Limited and it was renamed Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd.
[1]
Besides that Zee News Ltd (ZNL) is a also a part of the Essel Group, which operates
news and regional entertainment channels and is listed on stock exchange. It was
demerged from Zee Entertainment Enterprises ltd in 2006.[2], and following are the
list of channels that Zee News Ltd operates:
Zee Business - Marathi General Entertainment Channel

Zee Bangla - Bengali General Entertainment Channel
Zee Gujarati - Gujarati General Entertainment Channel
Zee Telugu - Telugu General Entertainment Channel
Zee Kannada - Kannada General Entertainment Channel
Zee Punjabi - Punjabi General Entertainment Channel
Zee 24 Taas
24 Ghanta
Zee Talkies
Zee News Limited (ZNL) de-merged from Zee Telefilms Limited on March 31st
2006 in pursuance of scheme of arrangement approved by the Hon. Bombay High
Court on 17th November 2006. The company became a listed entity on January 10,
2007.
Zee News Limited(ZNL) touches the lives of millions of Indians thorough a clutch
of news and regional entertainment channels. Our mission is to “Inform. Entertain.
Empower”. The specific channels operated by Zee News Limited are Zee News,
Zee Business, Zee Marathi, Zee Bangla, Zee Punjabi, Zee Gujarati, Zee Telugu, Zee
Kannada and Zee 24 Taas, the first 24-hour Marathi news channel. 24 Ghanta, a 24
hour Bangla news channel is operated by a subsidiary company known as Zee
Akaash News Private Limited.
32
Zee News Limited also supplies content to the international broadcasting business
of Zee in USA, Europe, Africa, Middle East and Asia Pacific. It has 1000
employees and had revenues of Rs 200 crore in FY 2006.
Zee News, the news and current affairs channel of the ZNL, is the oldest channel of
the bouquet and has taken giant strides ever since its inception in 1992. Reaching
millions of viewers in five continents, the channel revolutionised the way news was
brought home to the viewers.
Zee News created history in 1999 by becoming the 24-hour Hindi current affairs and
news channel in the country. Since its inception it has consolidated its position in
the country and in spite of being the only pay channel in its genre, it maintains its
position among the top 3 Hindi News channels in the country. In North India, Zee
News is a strong contender for the No.1 position in the market.
Its programme The Inside Story on synthetic milk, won an award at the New York
Festivals, a first for India. Besides, Zee News has been consistently winning awards
for its programming and marketing activities, including awards at the EMMVIES
2004, Indian Telly Awards and The Indian Marketing Awards.
The Zee Business channel was launched in November , 2004 and is already rated as
the No 1 Hindi Business News Channel. Besides updated news bulletins by the
hour, there is a lot to watch out for whether it is information related with the stock
market, investments, mutual funds, corporate world, real estate, travel or leisure.
It has been winning the Consumer Award for the Best Business Hindi News channel
for the last two years.
Aaj Tak
33
Type cable television network
Branding Aaj Tak
Country India
Availability India, worldwide
Founder TV Today Network
Slogan "Sabse Tez"
Owner India Today Group
Key people Aroon Purie (CMD)
Launch date 31 December, 1999
Aaj Tak is a 24-hour Hindi news television channel run by TV Today Network Ltd.
Aaj Tak loosely translates as "Till Today" or "Up to the Minute". Watched by some
45 million viewers in India’s cable and satellite universe, Aaj Tak is India’s largest
privately owned news channel. Aaj Tak is a free-to-air channel in India, while it is
being offered as a pay channel in the overseas market. In the United States, it is
available on EchoStar’s DISH Network.
Despite serving Infotainment, Aaj Tak has been awarded Indian Television
Academy’s Best News Channel award for six consecutive years. In a recent
BBC/Reuters/Media Center Poll, Aaj Tak was voted the most trusted and most
important news source in India surpassing even the Government sponsored channel
Doordarshan and expansively beating news sources like Star News,Dainik Jagran,
Sun TV, NDTV, AIR (All India Radio) and The Times of India
34
DD-News Channel
Type Broadcast television network
35
Country India
Availability National
Founder Govt. of India
Owner Prasar Bharati
Key people Priya Ranjan Das Munshi
Launch date 1959
Past names All India Radio
Website www.ddindia.gov.in
DD News is the first and the only terrestrial news channel in the country
reaching approximately half of the population. The channel was launched in
November, 2003 and within a year of its launch; it has emerged as a force to reckon
with in the fiercely competitive business of TV news channels. It is the undisputed
leader in terms of absolute viewer-ship with about 50 per cent share among TV
news channels.
The bi-lingual (English and Hindi) DD News follows a half an hour dynamic
wheel of programming. Besides round the clock telecast of news bulletins, several
programmes covering business, sports, health, art & culture are broadcast regularly.
Panel discussions are held on topics of current affairs. The DD News Channel is run
by the Doordarshan News Centre at the Asian Games Village in New Delhi
supported by a network of 23 Regional News Units (RNUs) spread across India.
Doordarshan News gives extensive coverage to all important news events that
taking place in India and abroad. DD News mounts several informative
programmes on the General Budget, demystifying the economic terminology for the
common people. The Budget speech of the Finance Minister is also telecast live.
The visits of foreign dignitaries to India and the visits of Indian leaders abroad are
also extensively covered.
36
A dedicated Digital Satellite News Gathering System, including hi-tech gadgets

like Satellite Phones and Video Phones are available for DD News, which has
greatly increased its capacity in giving live inputs from the news spots.
DD News also has a website – www.ddinews.gov.in which, besides streaming

bulletins for two hours every day, puts out stories on the various news events
throughout the day.
Kendras in North East with dedicated SNG for news feeds are: Shillong, Imphal,
Kohima, Itanagar, 5. Agartala, 6.Aizwal
The following RNUs produce news bulletins for the DD News channel for insertion
in Metro Scan and State Scan and Rajyon Se Samachar, in addition to their regional
bulletins.
(I) Metro Scan (Monday to Friday)

S.No. RNU Time Duration Language Channel
1 Chennai 1930 hrs. 8 mts. English DD News
2 Kolkata 1940 hrs. 8 mts. English DD News
3 Mumbai 1950 hrs. 8 mts. English DD News
(II) State Scan (Monday to Friday)

S. No. RNU Time Duration Language Channel
(Minutes
)
1 Bangalore 1030 hrs. 6 ½ English DD News
2 Hyderabad 1037 hrs. 6 ½ English DD News
3 Guwahati 1044 hrs. 6 ½ English DD News
4 Bhubaneshwar 1052 hrs. 6 ½ English DD News
(III) Rajyon Se Samachar (Monday to Saturday)

S. No. RNU Time Duration Language Channel
(Minutes
)
1 Lucknow 1730 hrs. 8 Hindi DD News
2 Jaipur 1740 hrs. 8 Hindi DD News
3 Patna 1750 hrs. 8 Hindi DD News
NDTV
Type Broadcast television network
37
Country India
Availability National
Founder Prannoy Roy
Key people Radhika Roy, Narayan Rao
Website www.ndtv.com
NDTV
(New Delhi Television Limited), founded in 1998, is India's largest private

television production house.[1] It was founded by its current chairman and director,
Prannoy Roy. NDTV currently has more than 1,000 employees producing news
from over twenty plus locations nationally and internationally[citation needed]. As
of 2006, NDTV 24x7 held one of the largest market share, at 31%, among English
news channels in the country.[2]
History
After producing numerous news and current affairs programs including the highly
successful "The World This Week", NDTV formed a production agreement with
Rupert Murdoch's STAR to set up India's first 24-hour news channel (STAR News,
English/Hindi News) launched in February 1998. The parties parted ways after five
years over issues related to editorial independence.[3] Subsequently, NDTV
launched its own channels, NDTV 24x7 (English News) and NDTV India (Hindi
News) and later launched NDTV Profit (Business News) and much later NDTV
Good Times (Lifestyle). STAR retained the STAR News brand, but the channel
continued in Hindi.
38
Indian Television -
Television in India is undergoing significant changes in the current liberalized
environment. To understand these changes, one needs to have some brief idea of the
road covered by the television channels so far. The journey started as an
experimental basis with a financial grant from UNESCO in 15th September 1959.
The makeshift studio at Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi was chosen for location of
the experiment. The experiment started with one-hour program, broadcast twice a
week, on community health, citizen rights, education and traffic sense etc. As far as
news is concerned, it was launched exactly six years after the inception of television
broadcasting. Daily one-hour program with a news bulletin was served to the Indian
viewers. But one major drawback of television was that you could not enjoy the
original colour of the objects because of black and white transmission. First multi-
color programme was the Prime Minister’s address to the nation from Red Fort in
Delhi on India’s 35th Independence Day. In the same day, DD National channel was
launched. The aim of launching the National channel is nurturing national
integration, and inculcating a sense of pride in Indians. Indian viewers also enjoyed
the colored version of the Asian Games hosted by New Delhi in their drawing room.
The coverage of major events and different occasions lend a big hand behind the
infiltration of television signals to the nook and corners of the subcontinent.
Indian Government had taken all possible steps to expand the television
broadcasting demographically and geographically. In 1983 television signals were
available to just 28% of the population, this had doubled by the end of 1985 and by
1990 over 90% of the population had access to television signals. In 1984, DD
Metro channel was added to provide an exclusive entertainment for the urban
viewers. In the beginning, this channel was confined to metropolitan cities. As a
public broadcaster, Doordarshan presented the news in naturalized manner. All
controversial issues were pushed under the carpet. The ruling government had a
strong hold on the television broadcasting. Doordarshan news bulletins were unable
to provide the international news to the national viewers. Objectivity had been the
first casualty as news was invariably slanted to suit the party in power. The news
was liberated from the confines of the DD newsroom and gained in objectivity and
credibility when New Delhi Television (NDTV) produced ‘The World This Week’
in 1988. Everyone was waiting for the Friday night to watch ‘The World This
Week’. This was the only India-based programme, which looked out at the rest of
the world. The World This Week was the best current affairs programme on the
international scenario and carried good stuff of news, which the regular DD news
was failed to carry out. This program is ranked as one of the country’s finest and
most popular television shows. In 1989, NDTV produces India’s first live televised
coverage of the country’s general elections. The critical and commercial success of
the coverage sets a new standard for Indian television. After the Gulf War the media
panorama has changed forever.
39
Golf War – The Catalyst
Post-1990 satellite television in India has become transnational in nature. It

coincided with the entry of multinational companies in the Indian markets under the
Government policy of privatization. International satellite television was introduced
in India by CNN through its coverage of the Gulf War in 1991. In August 1991,
Richard Li launched Star Plus, the first satellite channel beamed the signal to Indian
subcontinent. Subhash Chandra’s Zee TV appeared in October 1992. It is India’s
first privately owned Hindi channel to cater the interest of Indian viewers. This
ignition followed by Sony and a little later by domestic channels such as Eenadu,
Asianet and Sun TV. Entertainment programs had begun to occupy center stage in
the organization’s programming strategies and advertising had come to be main
source of funding. Doordarshan’s earlier mandate to aid in the process of social and
economic development had clearly been diluted. Doordarshan had faced a stiff
competition in news and public affairs programming with international channels like
BBC and CNN. Doordarshan planned to sell some slots for news programme under
sponsored category. In February 1995, NDTV becomes the country’s first private
producer of the national news ‘News Tonight’, which aired on the country’s
government-owned Doordarshan set a new landmark for Indian television because
of its on-the-spot reporting with pertinent visuals. In the same year, TV Today
Network occupied a 20 minutes slot in DD Metro channel and aired a Hindi and
current affairs programme ‘Aaj Tak’. This programme became popular for its
comprehensive coverage and unique style presentation by Late S. P. Singh. Still we
remembered the sign-up message “Ye Thi Khabar Aaj Tak, Intizar. Kijiye Kal Tak”.
Large number of viewers across India had been watching Aaj Tak as a daily habit
because of its innovative style of news presentation. Besides that Nalini Singh’s
five-minute fast paced, condensed daily news capsule Ankhon Dekhi, TV Today
Network’s Business Aaj Tak and Newstrack was aired on the Metro channel of
Doordarshan. This is the period when satellite channels concentrated on
entertainment programmes for their respective channels. Doordarshan was still ruled
the most wanted area ‘news’.
40
Major Players
Doordarshan’s monopoly was broken in 1992, when private television channels

infiltrated into the Indian boundaries and entertain the viewers as much as possible.
In the beginning of 1990s, the private channels offered only entertainment
programmes. The entertainment programs include family drama, comedy serials,
children programmes, cartoons, movies, talk shows, recipe shows, musical concerts,
non-fiction programmes etc. Private entertainment channels added some
infortainment programmes to their Fixed Point Charts (FPC). Keeping the demand
of infotainment programmes in mind, the media houses started to produce news
magazines, entertainment magazines and news programmes for different channels.
India’s premier business and consumer news broadcaster and a leading media
content provider, Television Eighteen India Limited (TV18) started India’s first ever
entertainment magazine ‘The India Show’ on Star Plus in 1993. This emerging
media powerhouse provided prime time television content to almost all leading
satellite channels in India including BBC, Star Plus, Sony Entertainment Television,
Zee, MTV and Discovery.
After The India Show, TV18 produced a weekly business news program India
Business Report for BBC World. Indian viewers had very limited options (like
public service broadcaster Doordarshan, BBC and CNN) for watching the television
news. For televised news, the viewers had to watch Dordarshan and some
international news channels like BBC or CNN. In this race to provide more news,
more information, Zee Television jumped into the battlefield by launching the news
channel Zee News in 1995. This News and current affairs channel revolutionized the
way news was delivered to the viewers. Since its inception Zee News has
endeavoured to be the fastest to provide news, working towards a single goal of
Sabse Pahle (Always First). The other round-the-clock news channel, the Murdoch-
owned Star TV beamed its exclusively 24-hour news channels, Star News in 1998.
Star made a contract of five year with Prannoy Roy-owned NDTV (New Delhi
Television Company) to provide news content for this news channel. The untiring
exhaustive coverage of the Kargil war between India and Pakistan gained more
publicity and attracted more viewers towards the electronic channel. This televised
conflict also sets a news benchmark for wartime journalism. During the Kargil war,
common citizens witnessed how their brave Jawans fought despite in hostile
conditions and watched the war front live by the exclusively news channels, Star-
TV and Zee-News. The live coverage of the battlefield helped to create a euphoria
41
of patriotism among the Indian masses, which later facilitated into collecting huge
funds for the welfare of the families of Kargil martyrs. Every news programme
draws the attention of large number of viewers but Kargil war attracts private
broadcasters to invest more money in the broadcasting business by launching a news
channel.
In November 1999, TV18 entered into a 49:51 joint venture with CNBC Asia to
launch CNBC India. TV18 is the sole program provider to CNBC India, and
produces 12 hours of local content per day on this 24-hour satellite channel. After
the huge success of news programme ‘Aaj Tak’, TV Today group launched a 24-
hour Hindi news channel with the same name ‘Aaj Tak’, in December 2000, which
covers India with insight, courage and plenty of local flavour. Within 11 months of
its launch, Aaj Tak emerged as India’s number one news channel and was awarded
Best News Channel award from Indian Television Academy Awards. Some mega
events apart from regular interesting items (such as Kandhahar hijack, September 11
attacks, Afghanistan war, attack on Parliament, Iraq war, Godhra carnage and riots)
have driven up the viewership. As time passed, NDTV’s five years contract with
Star group for outsourcing of news and related programming expired on March
2003. With the expiry NDTV forayed into broadcasting business by simultaneously
launching two 24-hour news channels; NDTV 24X7 – English news channel and
NDTV India – Hindi news channel, which targets the Indian diaspora across the
world. News crazy Indians received more news at faster speed from different
channels. Any unusual happening can be caught by the television camera anywhere
form Rastrapati Bhawan to bedroom. The power of TV journalism was become
more visible by the major sting operations like Operation West End and Shakti
Kapoor Case. This style of investigative journalism has brought about a change in
the way we look at news, amidst new notions of editorial freedom.
The world’s largest family ‘Sahara India Parivar’ launched a 24-hour national Hindi
news channel, Sahara Samay, in March 28, 2003. It is the first ever city-centric
satellite news channels covering 31 cities in India with their own city news bulletins.
Keeping the demand of news in mind, the Union cabinet approved the
proposal to convert the DD Metro to DD news in a meeting held on 3 October 2003.
Consequent to these decisions, DD-News channel was launched on 3 November
2003. You might have noticed that the news channels are language specific. But
DD’s news channel contains the round the clock news bulletins in Hindi/ English
are also telecast twice a day on the National Network of DD National. ‘Aap Ki
Adalat’ fame Rajat Sharma, Sohaib Ilyasi, the man behind the highly successful
‘India's Most Wanted’ and Taun Tejpal, editor-in-chief of Tehelka roped together
and launched a free-to-air Hindi news and current affairs channel India TV on May
42
20, 2004. Indian viewers had more expectations from this channel. The much-
awaited news channel hopes to set itself apart from the existing ones by setting new
benchmarks of responsible journalism. Speaking on the occasion of the launch,
Rajat Sharma, chairman, India TV, said, “We aim to change the way broadcast news
reporting is being conducted in the country. India TV will set new benchmarks by
maintaining international standards of responsible and credible news reporting. We
will stay away from graphic depictions of violence and sensationalism of news. We
will uphold the viewer's right to correct information and their right to truth and
verity. India TV is not just a news channel, it is a movement.” NDTV as a pioneer in
Indian television news, set to create a fresh revolution in high-quality business news
with the launch of NDTV Profit. NDTV launched this 24-hour business channel on
January 17th, 2005.
There is no saturation point in launching of news channel, just booming like sky as
the limit. Entertainment channel to infotainment channel, infotainment channel to
news channel, news channels to business channel and Business channel to lots more.
Now the satellite channels become more topicality with international

standard. When we are talking about topicality, CNBC TV18, the only business
channel, continues to be the medium of choice for India’s decision makers, affluent
audiences across the country since 1999. It has set the pace for the growth in number
of television channels by launching a 24-hour consumer channel in Hindi called ‘
Awaaz’. This news channel focusses on empowering consumers on decision-making
related to investment, saving and spending. All the programmes are catering to
consumers across different walks of life, which included personal finance; variety of
markets including commodity, stocks, savings etc.; small businesses; education &
career guidance; and verticals like health, shopping etc. Another news channel was
finally launched into the already cluttered news space in Indian television. Jagran
TV Pvt Limited's news channel, Channel 7 up-linked to the air on 27 March 2005.
The channel has been set up to cater to the vast Hindi-speaking audiences, already
being targeted by a slew of news channels. Channel 7 developed every programme
with a bid to cater to all types of audiences and not just pre-dominantly male
audiences who get attracted towards news channels.
43
Regional Leaders
To cater the interest among the Indians, Doordarshan televises programmes in Hindi
and associate Official languages. It has launched a number of Regional Language
Satellite Channels (DD - 4 to DD - 11 and DD - 13) and telecast programmes in
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Malayalam, Marathi, Kannada, Telugu, Kashmiri,
Oriya and Tamil.
The Regional channels relayed by all terrestrial transmitters in the state and
additional programmes in the Regional Language in prime time and non-prime time
available only through cable operators. The Doordarshan regional satellite channels
telecast major news programme with some entertainment programmes. If you think
about the private regional channels, they have followed the path of the Big brother
(i.e Doordarshan). They are neither completely entertainment channel nor
exclusively news channel. They are following the middle path and claiming
themselves an infotainment channels. The private channels televise through the state
dominant languages. Rising advertising revenues and increasing numbers of viewers
have provided the impetus for many big players to enter into the business. Some
regional media leaders like ETV, Sun TV, Asianet have a strong grip over the
regional market. Some major players tried their luck in different states. Zee
television has three regional channels; Zee Marathi, Zee Punjabi and Zee Bangla.
Star Network entered into Tamilnadu by launching Star Vijay, one of the most
popular entertainment channels in India broadcasting in Tamil. Besides that ETV
Network is a part of the well-established Ramoji Group, has created 12 dedicated
infotainment regional channels. ETV network is the source of rich entertainment of
eight different languages. Those are: Telugu, Bangla, Marathi, Kannada, Oriya,
Gujarati, Urdu; and Hindi to viewers in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Madhya
44
Pradesh. Every ETV Network channel focuses exclusively on its audience’s unique
cultural identity, its aspirations and its distinct socio-political character. Let us think
about the south Indian language Telugu, there are around twelve satellite channels
are roaming around the sky with different taste and different flavour.
These channels include three news channels, one song-based channels and
rest are infotainment channels. When we confine ourselves into news, three channels
(ETV2, TV 9 and Teja News) exclusively devoted to news programmes. Sahara
India Pariwar is proud to have five news channels as the bouquet of Sahara Samay.
These channels are: Sahara Samay NCR, Sahara Samay Mumbai, Sahara Samay
Bihar & Jharkhand, Sahara Samay Madhya Pradesh & Chattisgarh, and Sahara
Samay Uttar Pradesh & Uttranchal. Sahara Samay has already managed to gain a
loyal audience in India through a bouquet of National & Regional News Channels
since its launch. These channels are youthful and vibrant channels targeting students
and women, besides that hardcore news stuff.
The regional news channels covers the entire spectrum of genre with
specific programs on lifestyle, fashion, food, shopping, health and fitness, sports,
education, career and city issues, besides giving user-friendly information on traffic
updates, city events, train and air timings, etc. Now national news channels cannot
confine its boundary to national level. They cannot ignore the regional news because
of the stiff competition form the regional cannels. Regional news channels are
entering into the competition with a strong will power and also with an aim to
portrait regional issues in national and international level.
Conclusion
Now the television industry becomes more specific. In this competitive market,
channels are targeting specific viewers. News channels attract more viewers beyond
45
their target by producing interactive and interesting programmes. Every channel

needs to do an extensive research on different concepts and different themes to
attract more viewers and in the same time more advertisers. After all, advertisements
are the bread and butter for the channels. With increased consumer preference for
news programmes, television news channels have grown faster than other niche
channels. News channels are booming just like sky as the limit. Those days are not
far away, when we will get satellite news channel for every major city in India.
Staying in abroad, we can update ourselves about all the happening of our
hometown.
Now news is not restricted to political happenings. It will be extended its

limit to every unwanted and hided corners of the society. At last we can reach in the
conclusion that anything, which is strange or disgusting, is news. There are no rigid
rules, which defines news.
NEWS MAGAZINES
Photographers crowd around a starlet at the Cannes Film Festival.
A newsmagazine, sometimes called news magazine, is a usually weekly magazine

featuring articles on current events. News magazines generally go a little more in-
46
depth into stories than newspapers, trying to give the reader an understanding of the
context surrounding important events, rather than just the facts.
Major news magazines include:
Der Spiegel (Germany)
La Repubblica (Italy)
Le Nouvel Observateur (France)
Maclean's Magazine (Canada)
Monocle (United Kingdom)
New African (Africa)
Newsweek (United States)
India Today (India)
Outlook (India)
Frontline (India)
The Bulletin (Australia)
The Economist (United Kingdom)
The Nation (United States)
The Week (United Kingdom/United States)
TIME (United States)
U.S. News & World Report (United States)
Veja (Brazil)
WORLD (United States)
47
INDIA TODAY
India Today is an Indian weekly newsmagazine, in publication since 1975. India

Today is also the name of its sister-publication in Hindi. Aroon Purie is its editor-in-
chief from 1975, a position he has held continuously for the last three decades. It is
part of the India Today group also founded in 1975 and which now includes 13
48
magazines, 3 radio stations, 4 TV channels, 1 newspaper, a classical music label

(Music Today), book publishing and India's only book club.
With the publication of its 30th Anniversary issue in December 2005, the magazine
which had commenced publication in 1975 with a circulation of 5000 copies,
currently has five editions and a circulation of over one million copies with a
readership of over 20 million. The group recently released a daily newspaper "Mail
Today”
The magazines run by the India Today are:
India Today English
Business Today
India Today Hindi
India Today Telugu
India Today Tamil
India Today Malayalam
India Today Bengali
Golf Digest (Indian Edition)
Cosmopolitan (Indian Edition)
India Today Travel Plus
Design Today
Harvard Business Review (Indian Edition)
Today (A afternoon tabloid in Delhi)
Mail Today (Daily Newspaper)
Along with this, the group also comes out with several supplements for all their
magazines. New magazines, including one called 'Wealth Today' are also on the
anvil.
49
Apart from a number of publications, the group also controls TV Today, which
owns the popular Hindi news channel Aaj Tak in December 2000. TV Today, whose
CEO is G Krishnan is a listed company whose shares are traded on the Bombay
Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange. Other than Aaj Tak they also run
three other channels – 'Headlines Today' an English language news channel, which
has not been able to dent the lead of channels like NDTV, 'Tez' a snappy-format
news channel, using a concept borrowed from CNN Headline News but in Hindi and
Aaj Tak Dilli a local news channel for Delhi. A Business news channel in
collaboration with Bloomberg is also expected shortly.
BUSINESS TODAY
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Business Today was founded in 1968 by three students at Princeton University -

Jonathan Perel, Steve Forbes, and Michael Mims - in order to combat animosity and
misunderstanding between college students and business executives. Currently,
Business Today is the largest student-run magazine in the United States. It is
published twice a year with a distribution of well over 100,000.
Held in New York City each fall, the Business Today International Conference
provides a unique and valuable opportunity for college students to meet, interact,
and learn from high level executives and political leaders.
It brings together 150 students from across the US and around the world to
discuss and share perspectives on relevant business issues, and to benefit from the
knowledge and experience of current world leaders. Organized by students at
Princeton University, it is the largest conference of its kind in the US and has been a
perennial success throughout the recent decades.
BUSINESS TODAY, is the largest-circulated business fortnightly in India. It’s the

best report of the business topography of the newly liberalised India. As the wave of
change sweeps business, economy and society like never before, BUSINESS
TODAY has ensured that its readers have all the necessary upgrades to challenge
tomorrow. It takes its readers deeper to give a complete understanding of the world
of business.
Ever since its inception in 1992, it has set one benchmark after another in business
reporting. It was the first to do serious reporting on management theories. And then
again, it’s the first to bring a whole new genre of business journalism—more
upclose and more incisive. Today, BUSINESS TODAY commands the highest
circulation and readership among all business magazines in India.
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OUTLOOK
Outlook is an Indian weekly English newsmagazine in publication since October

1995. Vinod Mehta has been the founding editor-in-chief. Since its inception,
investigative reporting has been the forte of the magazine. Outlook has also
spawned the specialised magazines Outlook Traveller, Outlook Money and the
Hindi Outlook Saptahik.
Outlook has been famous for many of it's sensational stories like the "Kargil
Bungle" and the "Match Fixing controversy" but many view its editorial tilt as being
against the right like the RSS , often highlighting opposing sections in negative
light.
In early 2007 however, Outlook was leading in reporting on the Ottavio Quattrocchi
arrest in Argentina, which may be very embarrassing to Congress President Sonia
Gandhi, a close friend of Quattrocchi from the 1970's[1].
Originally owned by Hathway Investments Private Limited, it is now part of the

Rajan Raheja Group.
In 2007, Outlook claims a readership of 1.5 million in India. Its main competitor is
India Today.
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BUSINESS WORLD
Businessworld is part of the ABP Group, one of India's largest media groups and the
brand leader in eastern India. ABP also publishes Ananda Bazar Patrika, a widely
popular Bengali daily, and The Telegraph, the largest read English daily in the
eastern region. It also co-owns Star News television channel along with Rupert
Murdoch's Star Group.
Businessworld is the largest selling Indian business magazine, and the only business
weekly in the country.
Over a period of two decades, Businessworld has established itself as a magazine

that offers incisive and high-quality reportage on economic and business affairs. In
the past few years, it has focused strongly on understanding the meaning of Global
India -- its emerging sectors, emerging leaders and emerging concerns. Its team of
journalists and domain experts cover extensively trends and movements in markets
such as telecom, IT, biotech, media and pharma and provide exclusive analysis on
infrastructure, economy and the stock markets.
Leveraging on its brand leadership, Businessworld has now moved into other media
platforms like publishing and events. Its recent publications include Doing Business
in Asia, The Marketing Whitebook, Understanding Behaviour, and Businessworld
Mega B-School Guide . The Businessworld Roundtables and Great Place to Work
seminars, which attract the best minds from the corporate and economic world, have
become important forums to set agendas and address crucial issues. The magazine's
Most Respected Companies Awards and the BW-NID Design Award are considered
as benchmarks of corporate excellence by Indian corporates.
53
BROADCASTING
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video signals (programs) to a number
of recipients ("listeners" or "viewers") that belong to a large group. This group may
be the public in general, or a relatively large audience within the public. Thus, an
Internet channel may distribute text or music world-wide, while a public address
system in (for example) a workplace may broadcast very limited ad hoc soundbites
to a small population within its range.
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule.
Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or cable,
often both simultaneously. By coding signals and having decoding equipment in
homes, the latter also enables subscription-based channels and pay-per-view
services.
A broadcasting organization may broadcast several programs at the same time,

through several channels (frequencies), for example BBC One and Two. On the
other hand, two or more organizations may share a channel and each use it during a
fixed part of the day. Digital radio and digital television may also transmit
multiplexed programming, with several channels compressed into one ensemble.
When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term webcasting is often used.
Broadcasting forms a very large segment of the mass media.
Broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is called narrowcasting.
54
News Portals
Famous Internet news websites
Jayed.Us (World Technology News)
Yahoo News
Google News
CNN (worldwide)
Fox news (USA only)
MSNBC (USA only)
AP (Associated Press)
55
Rediff.com India, NASDAQ: REDF is a news, information, entertainment, and

shopping portal. It was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Mumbai, India with
offices in New Delhi and New York, USA.
As per Alexa rating [1], Rediff is the No. 5 Indian web portal. One of the notable
features of Rediff are its breaking news stories.
It is the only India-based website to appear in first 100 websites. It has more than
250 employees.[2] Rediff.com also offers one of the oldest and largest Indian
weekly newspapers, India Abroad, which it acquired in 2001.
Rediff products
Rediff Mail: Web based e-mail which has around 43 million online users.[3] It
offers unlimited free storage space. Rediff recently launched an AJAX based mail
interface.
Rediff Bol: instant messenger with support for Hindi language[4]
It also offers various other web based services such as web search, shopping, airfare
search, hotel search, job search, classifieds, matrimonial service (Rediff
Matchmaker), social networking (Rediff Connexions), blogging (Rediff iLand),
stock update and porfolio (Rediff MoneyWiz), video-music-photo sharing platform
(Rediff iShare) and a community-driven knowledge base (Rediff Q&A).
56
We are India's pioneer & leader in Internet, Networking and e-Commerce services,
and the first Indian Internet company to be listed on the Nasdaq National Market in
the US. We provide integrated end-to-end solutions for both corporates &
consumers, with a range of products and services delivered over a common Internet
backbone infrastructure.
Everything that Sify has done or achieved since we began commercial operations in
April 1998 stems from our Purpose and Vision. A key aspect is Sify being an
enabler and catalyst of the Internet for positive change in India- a responsibility that
we continue to carry.
Sify began by developing India's first TCP/IP network and offering multiple
services on a common backbone infrastructure for an integrated Internet, networking
and eCommerce business model. This was the first such business model in the
world, and appropriate for catalyzing the growth of the Internet and networking in
an infrastructure starved market. It also enabled a virtuous cycle, where each
business supported the other, while catalyzing the market to growth.
Fortune magazine, in their December 2000 issue, selected Sify (then Satyam
Infoway) as one of the world's ten hot technology companies to watch out for based
on this innovative business model! From the start of commercial operations in April
1998, Sify has become the market leader in most lines of business, winning global
recognition for its expertise, performance, customer focus and standards along the
way. In doing this, Sify pioneered services and set standards for the Industry in
diverse areas.
Sify is a leader in every line of business and has won national and international
recognition for both market leadership and the quality of our services. We are
57
unmatched in Internet and network services expertise and technology, with the best
tools, software and processes in the business.
Corporate Networking Services:
Sify pioneered corporate networking services in the country and helped

revolutionize business computing in India, with interconnectivity between multi
location offices, flexibility of platforms, applications software and smooth transfer
of data for corporates.
Sify is India’s only ISO 9001:2000 certified service provider for network operations,
data center operations and customer support and has been certified ISO 9001:2000
for provisioning of VPNs, Internet bandwidth, VoIP Solutions and integrated
security solutions.
Recently, Sify was awarded the prestigious Frost & Sullivan Market Leadership
Award for IP VPN markets for the year 2003.
Network, Data center and Customer Care certified ISO 9001/2000:
The company's Network services, Data Center Operations and Customer

Relationship Management processes have been certified ISO 9001:2000. Sify is the
first and only company to receive this certification. This certification comes as a
validation of trust placed in the company by over 650 corporate customers, who run
their business critical applications as diverse as SAP, BAAN, Oracle, CRM and
ERP solutions on Sify's backbone network.
First World-Class Level 3 Hosting Centres in India:
To enable world class hosting services in India, Sify commissioned the country's
first Level 3 Internet Data Center of 20,000sq feet at the Vashi Infotech Park, Navi
Mumbai in September 2000. Sify now has two more such data centers, one in Tidel
Park, Chennai and the other in Electronics City, Bangalore.
The company was awarded the Frost & Sullivan Marketing Engineering Award for
Business Development for 2001 in Data Center markets for its innovative approach
to developing the market. Today, Sify is the only company in the country to offer
Disaster Recovery and Business Process Continuity between its major datacentres in
Mumbai, Chennai and Bangalore. Sify also offers these services to overseas clients
with the increasing availability of quality international bandwidth.
Consumer Services:
58
Broadband connectivity for consumers:
After successfully launching broadband connectivity services for corporate services,

Sify launched broadband services for the residential segment using fixed wireless
broadband technology- the first ISP in India to make available such a service to it's
consumers. Sify, is now a leading provider of broadband services in India, both
directly and through cable operators, and currently has over 200,000 home users for
the service.
Making the Internet available to the masses: iWay cyber cafes
In keeping with its purpose of empowering Indians with the Internet, Sify launched
the iWay chain of cyber cafes across many cities in India. This initiative is helping
bridge the digital divide with an ever-increasing number of Indians accessing the
Internet for information, communications and entertainment in a cost-effective
manner. Thousands of users from over 3500 iWay cyber cafes across 158 cities in
the country use this service, with more planned as the demand for them increases.
iWays have redefined the standards for branded cyber café chains, with
standardized, air-conditioned, well-designed interiors, with broadband connectivity
and promoted as a branded service.
Sify Online - Dialup Internet Access
To ensure easy and reliable Internet Access, Sify has established a world-class
network using the best of the equipment manned by a highly trained group of
engineers. An ISO 9002 certified Customer Care Centre is also available around the
clock to provide any assistance required. In addition, the Sify Online Internet
connection comes with a unique dialer called Intellidial. Sify has also set up
International Gateways and continually adds
bandwidth to ensure faster downloads. Thousands of digital access lines enable Sify
users get connected to the network easily.
Empowering consumers online:
In addition to connecting consumers to the Internet, Sify's leading consumer portal,

www.sify.com, provides them with tools and channels to improve the quality of
their lives. This spans the basic communication and search tools including email,
messaging, chat, greetings, a search engine to jobs, travel, online portfolio
management, personal finance, shopping, interior decorating, cars, sports, the news
and much more.
Today, not only is the portal used by thousands of people, it is earning Sify as much
revenue as a good business magazine in India does.
59
Global Infrastructure Management Services:
Based on its rich experience in India, Sify has launched global Infrastructure
Management Services aimed at international corporations having global IT
infrastructure. Sify’s services include remote monitoring and management of
networks, servers, applications and managed security services. Sify’s services are
based on a customized on-site / off-shore delivery model that aims at minimizing the
risks of off-shoring infrastructure management processes while achieving targeted
objectives such as cost savings, process improvement and service level
enhancements. Sify’s infrastructure management services use best-of-breed carrier
class network operations and conform to the highest global standards. Sify’s service
tools and processes are ITIL compliant.
Sify’s services include the monitoring of critical elements of a company’s IT

infrastructure such as servers, applications, routers, switches, caching servers, load
balancers and any other SNMP compliant device. From its global operations center
in Chennai, Sify will remotely monitor network infrastructure, provide incident
alerts and reports, send periodic reports on the health of network infrastructure, and
online reports through its service portal. Sify’s service portal allows customers to
monitor information on their infrastructure in real time- building customer
confidence and trust.
E Learning for corporates and consumers:
Sify eLearning is a comprehensive eLearning Solutions provider and brings world-

class technology, tools and content services to customers both in India and abroad
with tie-ups with world leaders. Sify eLearning’s services are targeted at corporates,
educational institutions and eLearning companies. It offers a gamut of services,
which include – Custom content and courseware development, performance
consulting, simulation based training, and Learning Management Systems
implementation. Our competencies in content development include instructional
design, multimedia development, quality assurance, and compliance with content
standards like AICC and SCORM.
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The nation's leading media conglomerate with 45 dailies and periodicals in 3

languages and 108 editions from 9 centres and a combined readership of over 40
million. In fact The Times of India Group accounts for 30% of the measured ad
spend in the country. We include in our stable The Times of India, among the top 2
English broadsheets worldwide; and The Economic Times among the top 3 English
business dailies worldwide. The Times of India Group gives the highest reach
among Indian decision makers, intelligentsia and the elite. The Group also has a
range of 9 Business2Business publications from The Economic Times catering to
industry segments as diverse as machinery and polymers. In addition its 16 Special
Interest offerings are targeted at groups of consumers ranging from photography to
education to annuals on beauty, fashion etc.
Established over 160 years ago, this group has entered the mainstream of Indian life
in every possible way. A dynamic group, it has entered the 21st century as a
complete media house, with a turnover that is the highest in the country
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It's new ventures include Times International Media Marketing with the role of
attracting International business to India through a developmental approach.
International Media Representation represents select mainline and business
publications worldwide. With a network of over 50 offices across the country and a
field force of 1000 the coverage of India is most comprehensive and perhaps
unparalleled.
When infotainment became the buzz word Times Entertainment , Times New
Media, Times Music and Radio Mirchi entered this lineage. Times Retail with
Planet M outlets staging merchandise from music to designer watches, books &
cafes. An offshoot of its highly rated Economic Times Intelligence Group is
timesofmoney.com, a bank solutions that empowers Indians & Non Resident Indians
to make the best financial decisions.
The Times Group has created a galaxy of stars of different genres from Femina Miss
Worlds and Femina Miss Universes all by products of Femina Miss India contests;
and played hosts to a galaxy of stars at the Filmfare Awards. Also saluted the best &
the brightest at The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence or the Brand
Equity Quiz. It has touched the lives of its readers & consumers through Exhibitions
& Fairs - a spectrum from Times Utsav Consumer fairs to Education Events.
India's first portal site, a venture of Times Internet, www.indiatimes.com, includes

over 55 websites and almost one billion page views a month.
www.timesofindia.com is the fifth most visited print news and media site from the
US.
Asia Pacific’s first electronic newspaper, http://epaper.timesofindia.com offers a

viable advertising option, carrying the same benefits of the physical coupled with
interactivity which offers instantaneous communication options unlike anything ever
seen before.
Your career counselor, advisor, influencer and guide anytime anywhere. The first
Indian education portal for all education needs is here. This portal will cater to the
ever-expanding student community and learning experience.
The philanthropic arm of the group, the Times Foundation, offers Non Government
Organisations , institutions & others all over India, a platform to converge and
address the country's developmental needs.
As a publishing house, it has not only sought to bring news but to portray the
country's changing social scene. Through its incisive editorials, The Times of India
Group has effectively moulded public opinion and is indeed an accurate barometer
of the nation today.
Its publications are printed using state-of-the art technology at the country's most
62
modern printing presses, offerings not only comparable to black and white but
superior quality colour printing as well... the best in the world.
The Times of India Group is the only media house to give advertisers maximum
value for their money and minimum wastage. The range of publications, each with
its own specific target audience, helps advertising managers plan the ideal media
mix, optimising the advertising budget.
NEWSREELS
A newsreel is a documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation
place containing filmed news stories.
Created by Pathé Frères of France in 1908, this form of film was a staple of the
typical North American, British, and Commonwealth countries (especially Canada,
Australia and New Zealand), and throughout European cinema programming
schedule from the silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting
completely supplanted its role.
Pathé would eventually merge with RKO...
63
An example of a newsreel story is in the film Citizen Kane (which was prepared by
RKO's actual newsreel staff), which includes a fictional newsreel that summarizes
the life of the title character.
ONLINE JOURNALISM
Online journalism is reporting and other journalism produced or distributed via the
Internet.
An early leader was The News & Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Many news organizations based in other media also distribute news online. How
much they take advantage of the medium varies. Some news organizations, such as
the Gongwer News Service, use the Web only or primarily.
64
The Internet challenges traditional news organizations in several ways. They may be
losing classified ads to Web sites, which are often targeted by interest instead of
geography. The advertising on news Web sites is sometimes insufficient to support
the investment.
Even before the Internet, technology and perhaps other factors were dividing
people's attention, leading to more but narrower media outlets.
Online journalism also leads to the spread of independent online media such as open
ssDemocracy and the UK, Wikinews as well as allowing smaller news organizations
to publish to a broad audience, such as mediastrike.
By covering news, politics, weather, sports, entertainment, and vital events, the
daily media shape the dominant cultural, social and political picture of society.
Beyond the media networks, independent news sources have evolved to report on
events which escape attention or underlie the major stories.
In recent years, the blogosphere has taken reporting a step further, mining down to
the experiences and perceptions of individual citizens.
An exponentially growing phenomenon, the blogosphere can be abuzz with news

that is overlooked by the press and TV networks. Apropos of this was Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.'s 11,000-word Rolling Stone article apropos of the 2004 United States
presidential election, published June 1, 2006. By June 8, there had been no
mainstream coverage of the documented allegations by President John F. Kennedy's
nephew. On June 9, this sub-story was covered by a Seattle Post-Intelligencer
article. [1]
Radio
A.I.R. rules the air waves - at least for now
As far as India is concerned, radio is AIR and AIR is radio. A.I.R. which stands for
All India Radio, has a network of 283 broadcasting centres with 146 medium
frequency(MW) transmitters, 50 high frequency (SW) transmitters and 87 FM
transmitters. With broadcasts in 24 languages and 146 dialects (home services), and
65
another 10 foreign languages in external services, A.I.R.'s coverage exceeds 90% of

India, reaching over 98% of the people in the largest democracy of the world. Add
FM radio and you have a formidable arsenal.
As of now, the Government-owned A.I.R. controls radio in India. But the next few
years are expected to change the face of radio as a medium in India.
History of Indian Radio
For more than 4 decades, the Government of India did not permit private radio
stations to broadcast in India. Then history changed its course. In 1993, the
Government in its wisdom, allowed private FM operators to 'buy' blocks (chunks)
on All India Radio, prepare programming content, book commercials from
advertisers and broadcast the whole lot. Within 4 years, (1997-98), the FM Radio
advertising & sponsorship business grew to Rs 93 crores with Times of India's
Times FM & Mid-Day Group's Radio Mid-Day becoming the main (only?) players.
History was destined to change course once again. In June 1998 the Government,
through its electronic media regulatory body Prasar Bharti, decided not to renew
contracts of private FM operators. Not surprisingly, the advertising revenue fell by
50% within a year!
As destiny would have it, history changed course once again. This time, the
Government gave the green light to privatize radio in India. July 6, 1999 was the
historic day when the Government announced that 150 new FM channels would be
licensed across 40 cities.
And in 2000, the Government auctioned licences for private FM channels to bolster
the revenue. 'The highest bidder wins' was the order of the day. And the focus on
metros was evident in the bidding. Expecting to collect Rs 800 million from
auctioning 108 licenses, the government had to actually face mass withdrawal of
bidders because of the huge license fee. A handful of serious bidders chose to
remain.
In 2001, some of these players have started launching their channels.
Growth of Indian Radio
In 2001, radio in the U.S.A. grew by 15% even as television ad revenue slumped.
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History is set to repeat itself once again. Private players will unlock the latent
potential of Indian radio, just like they did for Indian television.
With privatization, radio is expected to follow the growth curve of the television
industry, which grew rapidly following the entry of private players. TV ad spend
grew at an annual compounded rate of 30% for 8 years after privatization, while TV
penetration more than doubled.
In comparison, ad spend on radio is expected to grow at a higher annual

compounded rate of 45% over the next 5 years. (This compares extremely
favorably against the projected growth rate of 15% for total ad spend. ) By 2007, ad
spend on radio is expected to touch Rs 12 million - a 12 fold increase over 2001 !
And the market share of private radio stations is expected to increase (from 0% in
2001) to 80% within 6 years of their entry. (Private TV players have taken 5 years
to corner 50% of the TV ad rupee.)
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Future Projections
68
State of Radio in India - 2002
The future is FM
FM Radio is present in 128 cities, has a footprint which covers 30% of Indian
population. As per current plans, coverage will extend to 60%.
AIR expected to earn Rs 530 crores from the first-round auction of 101 FM stations
in 40 cities. This is a recurring income which is expected to grow at 15% every
year.
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has completed the bidding process
for 101 FM channels in 40 centres for a total value of Rs. 425 crores,
The following companies have been issued licenses-

• Entertainment Network India Ltd (13 cities - Times of India Group)
• India FM Radio Pvt Ltd (Delhi)
• Radio Today (Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata)
• Music Broadcast Pvt Ltd
• Sun TV
• Millennium Broadcast Pvt Ltd (Delhi, Chennai and Mumbai)
• Udaya TV
• Hitz FM Radio India Pvt Ltd
• Radio Mid-Day West India Ltd (Mumbai),
• Mid-Day Radio North (India) Ltd
• Mid-day Broadcasting South (India) Ltd.
• Vertex Broadcasting (Dabur Group)
Wherever there is 'license raj', there are speculative bidders. FM Radio bidding has
had its share of speculative bidding. This is evident from the number of defaulters
who have not paid their commitment monies. (The government has collected nearly
Rs 180 million from these defaulters.) Here is a list of companies have defaulted –
• New Media Broadcasting

• Observer Network
• Nimbus Communications
• Bollywood Broadcasting
• Dhun Radio
• Dream Radio
• Hind Broadcasting
• Indigo Radio
• Kismat Radio
• Magic Radio
69
• Modi Entertainment Network

• Neffs India.
And finally, the following Radio Stations were launched in 2001
A) Entertainment Network (India) Ltd. (Times Radio)
1) Radio Mirchi - Ahemedabad (20th Dec, 2001)

2) Radio Mirchi - Indore (4th Oct, 2001)
3) Radio Mirchi - Pune (End of Feb 02 )
B) Music Broadcast Pvt Ltd. (Star Radio)
1) Radio City - Lucknow (July 2001)

2) Radio City - Bangalore (June 2001)
C) All India Radio FM 2
1) AIR FM 2 - Mumbai (Sept 2001)

2) AIR FM 2 - Kolkata (Sept 2001)
3) AIR FM 2 - Chennai (Sept 2001)
4) AIR FM 2 - Delhi (Sept 2001)
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Research Methodology
1. Introduction
Nowadays many new ways for capturing news have entered into the market
and the competition has increased in this industry. Customer can get news from
various options like news paper, news channels on television, internet etc. We are
intending to find out changes in behavior of customers towards news papers and the
reason behind consumer preferences for particular news paper against other ways of
getting news, hence we are going to carry out research for this and the main
instrument for this response will be a questionnaire.
2. Statement of the problem
To study the overview of news industry and various sources of getting news (news
papers, news channels, internet, news magazines, radio etc.)
3. Research methodology
3.1 Sampling Design
Population consists of
1) Business class people
2) Students
3) Others
71
3.2 Sample size – 100
3.3 Type of sampling
Quota sampling
3.4 Research approach
Descriptive
3.5 Techniques used in research approach
Survey method
3.6 Sampling unit
Individuals
3.7 Research design
a) Design strategies: We have selected descriptive approach for our research

as in our case managerial problem is clearly defined and we actually want to
find out what, why, how of the topic.
b) Measurement: We will use the all the type of the data i.e. nominal data,
Ordinal Data, Interval data, and Ratio data.
72
c) Scaling Design: In the questionnaire, we will use various scales like

Multiple Choice Single Response Scale, Multiple Choice Response Scale,
Likert Scale, Rating Scale, And Numerical Scale
d) Data Presentation: we will use Simple Frequency Table Histograms and

Cross Tabulation for representation of the data
e) Analysis of Data: For the testing of the Hypothesis, we will use normal
distribution curve
3.8 Data collection
3.8.1 Primary data collection

Primary data collection was based on following techniques:
 Structured questionnaire for the customer.
 Nature, scope and object of enquiry: The nature of sampling was random
which requires data to be statistically quantified. Our objective was to
conduct various types of researches like exploratory and descriptive. So all
these factors led to the selection of questionnaire as the sampling instrument.
 Availability of funds: Questionnaire has an advantage of low cost even

when the population is large. As students we had limited resources and by
selecting questionnaire as instrument of data collection. we were able to
make efficient and effective use of resources to get adequate data.
 Time Factor: compared to other method, Questionnaire requires shorter

durations with more reliable and dependable results.
3.8.2 Secondary data collection

Secondary data collection was based on following method:
73
 Articles from magazines

 Articles from News paper
 Articles on web-site
Analysis of Data
Quota sampling
Sample size – 100
Students -25
Employee – 25
Professionals – 25
Retired – 25
Preference for source of getting news
Rank Student Employee Professional Retired
1 News News News papers News papers

Channels channels
2 News papers News papers News News
channels channels
74
3 News News portals News News

magazines magazines magazines
4 News portals News News portals News portals
magazines
News papers
DO you read Newspaper?
From all quota we have concluded that only 16% of employee do not read news
paper.
75
R e a d N e w s p a p e r?
120%
100% 100% 100%
100% 84%
80%
No. of readers
60%
40%
16%
20%
0% 0% 0%
0%
Y es No Y es No Y es No Y es No
S tude nts E m p lo y e e s P ro fe s s io n a lsR e t ire d s

C a te g o r y
Which Newspaper you prefer to read?
76
From the graph we can say that “Times of India” get first
preference, Economic times get second, Business Standards get
third and Indian Express get last preference.
Preference
0.8
72%
0.7 64%
0.6
48%
0.5
% of readers
40%
0.4 36%
32%
28%
0.3 24% 24% 24% 24%
20%
0.2 16%
12% 12%
ss 8%
0.1
0
Times of India
Times of India
Times of India
Times of India
Indian Express
Indian Express
Indian Express
Indian Express
Economic Times
Economic Times
Economic Times
Economic Times
Business Standard
Business Standard
Business Standard
Business Standard
Students Employees Professionals Retireds

Ca te gory
77
How frequently you read particular news paper?

People generally read news paper daily.
Fre que ncy

1.2 100% 100% 100%
1
% of readers
0.8 68%
0.6
0.4 26%
0.2 12%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Never
Never
Never
Never
Whenever
Whenever
Whenever
Whenever
available
available
available
available
Sometimes
Sometimes
Sometimes
Sometimes
Students Em ployees Profes s ional R etireds
78
How much time you spend for reading newspaper?

Students spend less then 15 min for reading news paper while employee and
professional spend 15-30 min and retired people spend 30 -60 min for news
paper.
TimeSpent
80%
70%
70%
No. of readers
60%
52%
48%
50% 44%
40%
40% 36%
28%
30%
20% 20%
20% 16%
12% 12%
10%
0% 0% 0%0%
15-30min
15-30min
30-60min
30-60min
15-30min
30-60min
15-30min
30-60min
>60min
<15min
>60min
<15min
>60min
<15min
<15min
>60min
0%
Students Employees Professional Retireds

Category
79
Criteria for preferring particular Newspaper
For quality of content most preferred news paper is Economic times.
80
Rate
news .
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
Times of India
4.5 4.3
Indian Express
2.7
Economic Times
4.6
3
Business Standard
Students
Gujarat Samachar
2.7
2
Times of India
Indian Express
Economic Times
3.43.5
Business Standard
81
Employees
Gujarat Samachar
2.82.9
4
Times of India
Category
Quality of Content
Indian Express
3.6
4
Economic Times
3
Business Standard
Gujarat Samachar
3.2
Professionals
Times of India
4.2
Indian Express
3.2
Economic Times
4.5
Retireds
Business Standard
4 4
Gujarat Samachar
Gujarat Samachar and Times of India has highest Speed for capturing latest
Rate
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Times of India 4.5 4.2
3
Indian Express
Economic Times
4.2
Business Standard 2.9
Students
Gujarat Samachar
4.5
Times of India
3.8
Indian Express
3.1
Economic Times
Business Standard
2.7
Gujarat Samachar
Employees
2.9 2.9
Speed
82
Times of India
Category
Indian Express
3.53.5
4
Economic Times
Business Standard
Gujarat Samachar
3.53.4
Professionals
Times of India
3.6
Indian Express
Economic Times
4.54.5
Business Standard
Retireds
3.6
Gujarat Samachar
3.2
Rate
0
1
2
3
4
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Times of India
Indian Express
4.5 4.14.1
Economic Times 3.8
Business Standard
2.6
Students
Gujarat Samachar
2.3
Times of India
3.5
Indian Express
2.75
Economic Times
3.2
Business Standard
1.8
Gujarat Samachar
Employees
2.75
Accuracy
83
Times of India
Category
Indian Express
3.43.5
Economic Times
Times of India has the best accuracy in its news.
3 3
Business Standard
2
Gujarat Samachar
Professionals
Times of India
3.6
Indian Express
Economic Times
3.8
Business Standard
Retireds Gujarat Samachar
3.63.6
Rate
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
0
1
2
3
5
Times of India
4 3.8
Indian Express
2.7
Economic Times
4.4
Business Standard
Students
Gujarat Samachar
2.42.5
Times of India
3.1
Indian Express
2.6
Economic Times
3.9
Business Standard
1.8
Employees
Gujarat Samachar
3.9
84
Times of India
Category
Supplements
2.9 3
Indian Express
Economic Times
2.3
3
Business Standard
4
Gujarat Samachar
Professionals
Times of India
3.6
Indian Express
1.5
4
Economic Times
3
Retireds
Business Standard
Economic Times and Gujarat Samachar has the best supplements.
Gujarat Samachar
News Channels
Do you watch news on Television?
Watch News Channels

120%
100% 100% 100%
100% 88%
% of readers
80%
60%
40%
20% 12%
0% 0% 0%
0%
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

Category
85
Which news channel you Prefer?
Form the graph we can say that AajTak is overall the most preferred news
channel. NDTV get second preference and Zee News get the third preference.
News Channel liked most

40% 36% 36%
32% 32%
35% 28% 27% 28% 28%
% of readers
30% 24% 23% 24% 24%

25%
20% 12% 14% 16% 16%
15%
10%
5%
0%
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV
DD
DD
DD
DD
Zee
Zee
Zee
Zee
Aaj
Aaj
Aaj
Aaj
Students Employee Professionals Retired
Category
86
How frequently you watch news channels?

Most of the people watch news channels daily.
Frequency
1.2 100% 100%

No. of viewers
1
0.8 64% 60%
0.6
36%
0.4 28%24%
16%12%12%
0.2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0
Whenever
Whenever
Whenever
Whenever
Never
Never
Never
Never
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Sometimes
Sometimes
Sometimes
Sometimes
available
available
available
available
Students Employees Professional Retireds

Category
How much time you spend for watching news on television?
87
From all quota most of the people spend less then 1 hour for watching news
channels.
TimeSpent
60%
48%
% of viewers
50% 46%
44%
40% 40%
40% 36% 36%
32%
30%
20% 18% 20%
20%
12%
8%
10%
0% 0% 0%
0%
2-3hr
1-2hr
2-3hr
1-2hr
2-3hr
1-2hr
2-3hr
1-2hr
<1hr
>3hr
<1hr
>3hr
<1hr
>3hr
<1hr
>3hr
Students Employee Professionals Retireds

Category
88
Criteria for watching particular News Channel

AajTAk is the best channel for its quality of content as per graph.
Quality of Content
6
5 4.8
4.5 4.55 4.45
4.35
4.1 4 4
4 3.85 3.8
3.6
3.3
3
Rate
3 2.7 2.8 2.8
0
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
DDnews
DDnews
DDnews
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
DDnews
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV

Category
89
DD news has still the highest credibility and also AajTak has good credibility.
Crediblity
5 4.7 4.6 4.7

4.5 4.5 4.36
4.5
4 4 4
4 3.8
3.6
3.4
3.5 3.23.13.1 3.2
3
Rate
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
DDnews
DDnews
DDnews
Aaj Tak
DDnews
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV

Category
90
AajTak is the best for its speed of capturing the latest news.
Speed
5
4.5
4.5 4.3
4 4.1 4
4
3.53.58 3.5 3.5
3.5 3.33.3
3.1 3
3 2.8 2.8
2.5
Rate
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
DDnews
DDnews
DDnews
Aaj Tak
DDnews
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV

Category
91
AajTak is also best in live video coverage
Live Video Coverage
5 4.8
4.6 4.5
4.24.1
3.9 3.8 3.8
4 3.6 3.6
3.43.3
3
Rate
3 2.6 2.7 2.8
0
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV
NDTV
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
ZEE news
DDnews
DDnews
DDnews
DDnews

Category
92
INTERNET
DO you access internet for getting news?
From results of all quota we can say that professionals and employees has
highest no. of accessors for getting news through internet.
Access Internet for News
80% 72% 68%

70% 64%
56%
% of accessors
60%
50% 44%
36% 32%
40% 28%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

Category
93
Which website you prefer?
Employee generally prefer Rediffnews and students prefer Indiatimes

forgetting news
94
Preference
70%
60% 58%
50%
% of Accessors
40%
37%
30%
25% 25% 25%
22% 22%
21%
20% 19%
14%
13%
11% 11%
10%
7%
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Times
India Times
India Times
India Times
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar
0%
0%

Category
How frequently you visit particular website?
95
People generally access internet whenever available or sometimes for getting

news.
Fre que ncy

70% 60%
60% 44%
% of accessor
50% 36% 36%

40% 28% 32%
20%24% 24%28% 24%
30% 16% 16%
20% 12%
10% 0% 0%
0%
Never
Never
Never
Never
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Whenever
Whenever
Whenever
Whenever
available
available
available
available
Sometimes
Sometimes
Sometimes
Sometimes
S tudents E m ployees P rofes sionals Retireds

Ca te gory
96
Criteria Prefered for visiting particular website

From the results it is concluded that India times is the best news portal for its
quality of content.
Quality of Content
5
4.5 4.5
4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2
4.1 4 4 4 4 4
4 3.8
3.6
3.3 3.4
3.5
% of Accessors
3
3
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Times
India Times
India Times
India Times
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar

Category
97
IndiaTimes is also best in its credibility among people.
Crediblity
5
4.4 4.54.5 4.5
4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2
4
4
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
3.5 3.4
3.2
% of Accessors
3 2.8
2.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Times
India Times
India Times
India Times
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar

Category
98
India times and Samachar are the best for its speed.
Speed
5 4.8 4.7 4.8

4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
% of Accessors
4.1 4.2
4
4 3.6 3.6 3.5
3.2
3
1
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Times
India Times
India Times
India Times
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar
0

Category
99
India times and Rediff news are best for its specific categorized news.
Specificity
5
4.6 4.6
4.4
4.5 4.2
4 4
4 3.8 3.8
3.5 3.5
3.4 3.4
3.5
% of Accessors
3 3 3
3
2.5
2
2
1.5
0.5
0
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Express
India Times
India Times
India Times
India Times
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Rediff news
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar
Samachar

Category
100
% of Accessors
0
1
2
3
4
6
Rediff news
India Express
India Times
5 4.84.64.7
Samachar
Students
4.5
Rediff news
4.7
4
India Express
India Times
4.6
Samachar
3.9
Employees
3
Rediff news
101
Category
India Express
3.5
Woeld wide Availablity
India Times
4.5
Samachar
4.2
Professionals
Rediff news
4.5
4
India Express
India Times
4.5
Retireds
Samachar
4.2
News Magazines
Do you read news magazines?
Read News Magazines
72% 76%
80% 68%
70% 64%
% of readers
60%
50%
32% 36%
40% 28%
30% 24%
20%
10%
0%
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Category
Which news magazines you prefer to read?
102
Preference
50% 45%
45% 42%
40% 37%
33% 32%
35%
% of readers
28% 26%
30%
25% 22% 21% 21% 22% 22%
20% 17% 16%
15% 11%
10% 5%
5%
0%
Today
Today
Outlook
Today
Today
Outlook
Outlook
Outlook
Business
Business
Business
Business
Business
Business
Business
Business
India
India
India
India
Today
Today
Today
Today
World
World
World
World
Category
How frequently you read a particular News Magazine?
103
% of readers
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0%
Daily
10% 8%
Sometimes
40%
Whenever available
20%
Never
Students
32%
Daily
0%
Sometimes
40%
Whenever available
32%
Never
28%
Frequency
Daily
0%
Category
Sometimes
36%
104
Whenever available
40%
Never
24%
Daily
0%
Sometimes
33%
Whenever available
67%
Employees Professionals Retireds

Never
0%
Criteria preferred for reading particular News Magazine
Quality of Content
5 4.6
4.5 4.3
3.93.9 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 3.7 3.7
3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5
3.5
% of readers
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
India Today
India Today
India Today
India Today
Outlook
Outlook
Outlook
Outlook
Business Today
Business Today
Business Today
Business Today
Business World
Business World
Business World
Business World

Category
105
% of readers
0.5
1.5
2.5
4.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
India Today
3.5 3.3
Outlook
Business Today
3.9
Business World
3.4 3.4
Students
India Today
4.3
Outlook
3.8
Business Today
4.3
Business World
3.3
Reliablity
India Today
Category
Outlook
4
Business Today
106
Business World
3.43.5 3.5
4
India Today
Outlook
4
Business Today

Business World
3.5 3.5
% of readers % of readers
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4.5
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
ndia Today India Today
4 3.7
Outlook Outlook
ess Today 3.4
3.93.9
Business Today
4.5 4.3 4.3
ness World
3.4
Business World
3.7
Students
ndia Today
4.7
India Today
Outlook
3.7
Outlook
4.1
ess Today
3.9
Business Today
4.6 4.5
ness World
3.4
Business World
3.1
Accuracy
ndia Today
3.8
India Today
4.2
Outlook
Cate gory
Outlook
3.5
4 4
ess Today
Detailed Information
Business Today
107
4.5
ness World
3.5
4
Business World
ndia Today
4.3
India Today
4.3
Outlook
4
Outlook
4 4
ess Today
Business Today
4.5
ness World
3.5
4

Business World
% of readers
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4.5
5
India Today
Outlook 4 3.7
Business Today
3.93.9
Business World
3.4
Students
India Today
4.7
Outlook
3.7
Business Today
3.9
Business World
3.4
Accuracy
India Today
3.8
Category
Outlook
4 4
Business Today
108
Business World
3.5
India Today
4.3
Outlook
4 4
Business Today

Business World
3.5
% of readers
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
0
1
2
3
5
India Today
Outlook 4 3.63.8
Business Today
4.3
Business World
2.3
Students
India Today
Outlook
Business Today
3.53.43.6
Business World
2.8
Specific Area
India Today
3.8
Category
4
Outlook
109
Business Today
4.5
Business World
India Today
Outlook
3.53.5
Business Today
4.5

3
Business World
Recommendations
News paper
 Times of India is good in all criteria like quality of content, credibility, speed
etc. but it should improve its quality of supplements because is is only one
area where its lake something.
 Indian Express should improve its quality of content and accuracy of news.
In this two area Indian Express get very less preference.
 Gujarat Samachar is very old newspaper so its credibility is very high but it
should improve its quality of content of news. It should also improve
accuracy of news. In this two area it need to be improve.
News channels
 From the above graphs and results we can say that AajTak is the best news
channel in all attributes and criteria. So it is on top condition.
 DD news is government owned channel and very old. Still today there are so
many homes which do not have cable connection in television. So DD news
has lot many viewers and it has good credibility but it lakes in Live video
coverage and quality of content. So it need to improve in this area.
 Zee news is good at live video coverage but should try to improve its
credibility for getting top position.
 NDTV has its particular group of viewers. So it should try to improve its
target market and should aim new market by adding some extra types of
news in its current channel.
110
News portals
 News portals have not so much awareness among the people. Very less part
of the population access internet for getting news.
 Internet has so much market potential because of very less competition in

market.
 Every news portal should first try to increase awareness about internet as
source of news among people by more advertising.
 Samachar is good at speed and specificity but it should concentrate on

quality of content and credibility among people.
 IndiaExpress should also improve its credibility and quality of content.
News magazines
 News magazines have less awareness among the people so first they should
try to improve their awerness by advertising and more availability.
 The main reason for less awareness is less availability of the news
magazines.
 From above results and findings we can say that business today is the best
news magazines among all other.
 India today is also good but it need to improve in reliability and specificity
of content of yhe news for getting top most position.
 Business world need to improve in almost all the attribute but mostly it
should try to improve accuracy and detailed information.
111
Bibliography
 NRS 2006
 www.auditbureau.org.in
 www.indiatimes.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.gujaratsamachar.com
 www.indiaexpress.com
 www.businessstandard.com
 www.sandesh.com
 www.businesstoday.com
 www.indiatoday.com
 www.businessworld.com
 www.outlook.com
 www.rediff.com
 www.samachar.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.google.com
 www.zeetelefilms.com
 www.ddindia.gov.in
 www.ndtv.com
112

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Over view of news iindustry

NEWS MEDIA IN INDIA

Media penetration as of 2003

All India Urban

Print 25% 46%

Cable and satellite television 20% 46%

Radio 22% 25%

Highlights from NRS 2006

• As a proportion however, press reach has stabilized in urban India – at 45%.

• Satellite TV has grown considerably in reach – from 207 million individuals

• Radio FM has driven this explosion in reach – from 76 million individuals

• Cinema has, on the surface, declined sharply from 51 million individuals

• The Internet as a medium seems to have paused on its growth trajectory.

NRS 2006 – DETAILED FINDINGS

• The battle heats up in English & Hindi Dailies arena

• Press increases its share of urban media day

• The growth in C&S penetration is more than the growth in TV owning

• Television now reaches 112 mn Indian homes reflecting a growth of 3.2%

• Homes with access to C&S have increased by 12% from 61 mn to 68 mn.

• TV & C&S dominate in Southern States

o Homes with color TV have increased from 58 mn to 64 mn in 2006.

• Internet reach now exceeds 12 mn

• Cybercafé is the new access point for Internet

• As reach of Internet increases, office is no longer the main place of access.

• Mobile phones: now the focus is on usage of advanced features.

A newspaper is a lightweight and disposable publication (more specifically, a

and forecasts. Newspapers increasingly use photographs to illustrate stories; they

List English Newspapers

19) Kashmir Times

Top Indian Newspapers

Urban + Rural 2006 Urban + Rural 2005

('000's) Nos Rank ('000's) Nos Rank

Daily Thanthi 10389 7 Daily Thanthi 9445 6

The International Newspaper Marketing Association (INMA), a leading global

According to Earl J Wilkinson, Executive Director, INMA, US, “We see a

Stories of growth & decline

According to WAN’s ‘World Press Trends,’ 70 of the world’s 100 best-selling

Professor Jeffrey’s scholarship on the growth of successful newspapers in a dozen

more attractive newspapers), steadily expanding literacy, better purchasing power,

"What we are seeing completely contradicts the conventional wisdom that

The circulation of India's dailies consistently increased from 5,91,29,000 in 2001 to

No. of readers per newspaper

Gujarat Samachar Group

The Asian Age

THE TIMES OF INDIA

Notable people associated with TOI

1) Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain

The Indian Express

History of the group

The Economic Times

The Economic Times is characterised by its salmon-pink paper, all of which is

The newspaper's website is business-standard.com. BSL also publishes several

• Strict Quality Control.

Sandesh is selected by leading organizations all over India to advertise their

Top Indian Television News Channels

Zee News, the news and current affairs channel, is

Zee Business - Marathi General Entertainment Channel

Type cable television network

Branding Aaj Tak

Availability India, worldwide

Founder TV Today Network

Slogan "Sabse Tez"

Owner India Today Group